The Woful Effects OF Drunkenness.
A SERMON Preached at Bristol, [...] When Two INDIANS, Josias and Joseph, Were Executed for [...] Occasioned By the Drunkenness both of the Murthering & Murthered Parties.
By Samuel Danforth, Pastor of the Church of Taunton.
BOSTON in New-England: Printed by B Green Sold by Samuel Gerrish at his Shop near the Old Meeting House, in Corn Hill. 1710
To the HONOURABLE COMMISSIONERS, FOR THE Gospellising the Indians in AMERICA.
IN Testimony of my humble Submission, due Reverence & Gratitude to your Selves, I have transcribed this Sermon, Preached at the Execution of Josias and Joseph, Indians; On Octob. 12. 1709. It is matter of deep Sorrow and Humiliation, that they should bring themselves to such an untimely Death. The Lord grant that both English and Indians may be duely affected therewith, so as to labour after an exact Watchfulness against the Sin of Drunkenness, which [Page] [...] brought these Persons to this Shameful and Woful End. I have not you learned that either of these two Indians were constant in Hearing the Word Preached any where, but have been told, they were disorderly, and took bad Courses; & very Ignorant: Yet the Care and Pains taken with them since their Apprehension, and Imprisonment; and especially since their Condemnation; [...] order to the preparing them for [...]eath, by the Reverend Mr. John [...], Pastor of the Church in Bristol; who did several times Visit them in the Goal, and discourse with [...] by an Interpreter: Also by [...] an Ordained Pastor [...] Church, who kept with [...] Goal, for the space of [...] Dayes before their Execution, [...] by Order of the Honourable [...]amuel Sewall Esqr. Judge of the Court) are to be Thankfully [Page] acknowledged; and the visible Effects thereof were these, That these Indians were brought to such a sense of the greatness of the Sin of Murder, they had Committed, as to acknowledge, that their Condemnation was just; that they were very heartily Sorry they had committed Murther, and lamented their Drunkenness, which exposed them unto the Commission of that other horrid Sin: Also they two (with William Symonds) Spent the Saturday Night preceding their Execution, almost wholly in Prayer, Confessing their Sins to God, and Crying to Him for Pardon of them for Christ's Sake. They behaved themselves with a Solid and Grave Deportment, both in the Publick Assembly, and at the Place of Execution. Josias expressed himself to be willing to dye, and that he was not without some Hopes that God would Pardon him, and Save [Page] him: and after William Symonds had Pray'd with him, at his request, he did himself make a short Prayer in Indian, on the Ladder. Also Joseph having first desired William Symonds to Pray with him, when on the Ladder, did make a short Speech in Indian, desiring all the Indians (many of whom were Spectators) to take Warning by him, and to avoid Drunkenness.
That there may be a Remarkable Divine Blessing attending your Indefatigable Cares and Endeavours, to bring the Indians to the Knowledge and Practise of the Christian Religion, and to the Reforming them from all manner of Vice and Profaneness, is the Sincere Prayer of,
The Woful Effects OF Drunkenness.
IT is a Solemn Occasion, which we now meet together upon▪ Two Persons stand here before us, who are Condemned to suffer Death for that horrid Crime of Murder, which they have been Convicted of. The Lord [Page 2] will have Execution done on Murderers, Lev. 24. 17. No Satisfaction is to be taken for the Life of a Murderer; He is guilty of Death; He shall surely be put to death: For the Land cannot be cleansed of the blood that is shed therein, but by the Blood of him that shed it, Numb. 35. 31, 33, 34. Now in order to the Retaining the gracious Presence of our holy God among us, the Land which we inhabit, ought to be cleansed from that defilement, which the Voluntary and Unjust taking away the Lives of men doth bring upon it.
The Honourable Judges of Her Majesties Superiour Court of Judicature, have seen cause to direct me to Preach against the Sin of Drunkenness on this Occasion; because both the Murderers, and the Persons by them Murdered, were overtaken with Drink, when the acts of Murder were perpetrated. The effect [Page 3] leads us to reflect upon the immediate cause and occasion thereof: and did we carefully avoid the leading occasions unto the Commission of Sin; there would not be such Abounding of gross Iniquities in the Land, as there is.
That it is no new thing for the Sin of Drunkenness to be followed with Murder; or at least with the Ruin and Destruction of the Drunkards themselves, and of others also by their means, may be plainly inferred from the Text we have read unto you: Wherein we have an occoun [...] by way of Prediction and Denunciation, of the Ruin of Ephraim, (the Kingdom of the Ten Tribes) procured by the Abounding of this Sin of Drunkenness among them. That the Kingdom of Israel, as well as Judah, were addicted to this Vice of Drunkenness, is evident from such Scriptures which charge them with [Page 4] it▪ As Hos. [...]. 5. In the day of our [...] the Princes have made him sick [...] B [...]tties of Wine; He stretched [...] his hand with Scorners. Amos 6. 6. They drink wine in Bowls. And in this Chapter, Isa. 28. 7. But they also have erred through Wine, & through strong Drink are out of the way, &c. They befotted themselves with strong Drink, and thereby fell into many Errors and Miscarriages, both in things Civil and Religious. Ignorance, Errors & Stupidity were the Companions and Consequents of that Sin. When a People are given up to Drunkenness, they become liable and prone to imbrace Superstition, Idolatry & Errors. A false Religion will serve a Drunkards turn best; especially such a Profession, wherein he hopes he shall not be made uneasy, while he is wallowing in this Sin; by sharp Reproofs, severe Discipline, or by the frowns of [Page 5] those who are his Mates & Fellows in the same Profession.
Now the Verse read, with the two following Verses, declare that the Ruin of that Kingdom of the Ten Tribes, was partly and very considerably occasioned by the Prevailing of this Vice of Intemperance in Drinking among that People: This procured, that the glorious Beauty & Greatness of this Crown (or Kingdom) of Pride, should be a fading flower: That is, should suddenly wither & perish. These Drunkards who dwelt in Samaria (the Head-City of that Kingdom) as they suffered themselves to be overcome, broken, over-thrown and knock down with Wine: So God prepared a mighty strong one, the King of Assyria, which as a Tempest of Hail, and as a destroying Storm, and as an over flowing Flood of mighty Waters, should cast down and tread under foot, that glorious State & Kingdom.
[Page 6] See here an instance of a Whole kingdom destroyed by Drink. The prevailing & abounding of the Vice of Drunkenness, did pull down Judgments from Heaven upon them: God was thereby provoked to destroy them by the hand of the Assyrian:
DOCTRINE.
The Abounding of the Vice of Drunkenness among any People (especially among such a People as are the visible People of God, and do profess the true Religion) doth bring down from Heaven, dreadful Woes, and desolating Judgments upon them, as a Nation or Body of People, as well as Signal Punishment on Some particular Drunkards among them.
Here is in the Text, and Verses following, not only a Wo denounced against the Drunkards of Ephraim, [Page 7] as a particular Rank and Sect of Sinners in Ephraim, that were appointed to destruction; but also for their sakes, and on their account a Wo is denounced against the Crown; that is, the whole Kingdom of Ephraim; and against the Head; that is, the Metropolis of the Kingdom, in the Ruin whereof all other lesser Towns & Villages circumjacent must needs suffer. The Vice of Drunkenness when it prevails and spreads among a People, brings down a destroying Tempest, a Storm, a mighty overflowing Flood of Divine Wrath and Vengeance, on a Professing People.
The Sixth Commandment, Thou shalt not Kill; Or, Thou shalt do no Murder; not only forbids the gross act of Murder, that is, The taking away our Own or our Neighbours Life unjustly, but also forbids whatsoever tendeth thereunto: Therefore Drunkenness may properly be [Page 8] reckoned among the Sins forbidden in and by the Sixth Commandment; for it is a Transgression of that Command, in that it tends to the Taking away both of our present Welfare, Outward and Inward; and to the depriving us of happiness in a Future State; and that both Morally, as by the Sinfulness of it God is provoked to inflict punishment upon us, and Naturally and Physically also; as may be briefly hinted at in a few particulars.
I. In respect of our present Condition in this World, both Outward and Inward.
1. The External Welfare of Men is injured, and oftentimes wholly ruined by their addicting themselves to this Vice. Particularly,
1. The Health of Men is much impaired, and Death hastned on many by their Excessive Drinking. The greatest part of the Sicknesses among [Page 9] Men may be ascribed to Intemperance of Body, and the inordinate Passions of the Mind, which are Concomitants & Consequents of Intemperance. How many Diseases do Drunkards bring upon themselves! How soon do they come to have their Natural force and strength abated? to have a Pale, Lean and unhealthy Countenance? Some of them to be constantly attended with a Cough; others with gouty Pains about them; or else with a constant gnawing at their Stomachs, which nothing can remove but Strong Drink! Some in a few years do so Extinguish the Natural Heat of their Blood, by adding an adventitious Heat thereto, that unless they often take down a Dr [...], they can [...]t keep themselves Warm, but labour under such a Chillyness and Coldness, as unfits them for all business, and renders them dull and unactive. Some [Page 10] loose the use of their Hands and Limbs, and come to be beholding to others to lift the Cup to their Mouths for them, having procured a penal Weakness upon themselves, for their Sinful & Inordinate putting the Cup to their own Mouths. Have we not seen that Text verifyed upon this sort of wicked men, in Prov. 2. 22. They are soon cut off, and rooted out of the Earth. Some Drunkards are made signal Instances of Divine Vengeance, for the Warning of others. Nabal, the day after he had been Drunk, dyed by Gods own immediate hand. Belshazzar in the midst of his quaffing, was disquieted by the Appearance of an Hand Writing on the Wall; and that Night was he slain, Dan. 5. Drunkenness hath occasioned some Indians to be burnt to Death in their little Houses; other Indians by their being drowned first in Drink, have been exposed to [Page 11] a second drowning in the Water. Nor are these the first (who now stand in the midst of this great Assembly) who have committed Murder, when overcome with Drink, and have been Executed for it.
2. Men by Drunkenness often deprive themselves of that safety, liberty, peace and quietness, which otherwise they might enjoy. Oh! Wha [...] [...] Multitude of dangers and mischief [...] a D [...]unken Creature exposed unt [...] And a Person in Drink is not capable for want of the common and ordinary exercise of Reason, to [...] void, shun or defend himself [...] dangers. A Man in Drink is [...] to be knockt on the Head [...] Murdered by any that [...] sault him, being in no capacity [...] himself or get out of [...] way. So it was with the [...] [...] rives, Murdered by these Malefa [...] now in our sight. We read [...] [Page 12] A [...]nons Adversaries chose to smite him when his heart was merry with Wine, 2 Sam. 13. 28. because then he was likely to make least resistance▪ Again, What needless and foolish Contentitions are men inguged in, who give themselves to Excessive Drinking? They meet with such Brawls, Bablings and Wounds, which when they are Sober, they are ashamed to own how they come to be exposed unto them. Oh! the unquiet and uneasy Lives which such Persons lead, both at home and abroad? Especially when under the height of Intoxication: neither Wife, Children nor Servants, can then please them, though they endeavour it to the utmost. The Family Jangles & [...]omestick Bowels & Quarrels occasioned by Intemperance in Drink, are [...] And the consequents o [...] such [...] with nearest and [...] and Relations, are [Page 13] doleful and dismal: Then the Husband is Exposed to Murder the Wife of his Bosom; and the Neighbour left to rise up and kill his Friend or Neighbour in the Field: So it was as to the cases of these Persons now condemned to dy. These Effects of following after strong Drink were spoken of by Solomon, in Proverbs 23. 29.—35. which you may read at your leisure.
3. By giving themselves over to Excessive Drinking multitudes do waste their Estates, & bring wants, streights, and distressing Poverty on themselves, and their Families. Those who live in this Sinful course of Life, can't expect to be blessed in their Stores, in their labours, and in that which they set their hands unto; and without Gods blessing we may not expect to be rich, Prov. 3. 16. Yea, Wine-bibbers & Drunkards are under a peculiar Threatning, Prov. 23. 20, 21. The God of Truth hath said it, That the [Page 14] Drunkard shall come to Poverty. The visible Blast upon many Orchards of late years, should lead us to consider, Whether the visible Abuse of the Liquor pressed forth from the fruit of the Trees in those Orchards, have not procured this Blast, as a judicial Stroke of Divine Displeasure inflicted upon us.
Moreover, Drunkenness hath a Natural tendency to Poverty. Those that follow after Strong Drink, have not the Art of getting or keeping Estates lawfully. They cannot be diligent in their Callings, nor careful to improve all fitting Opportunities of providing for themselves, and for their Families: Nor are they prudent in Saving what Estates they have in their Possession; they keep not their Expences within the bounds of their Income, but run themselves into debt, to satisfy their innordinate Appetites: thus their Idleness and Prodigality bring them to a Morsel of [Page 15] Bread, & do cloath them with Rags. Such are indisposed for the Exercise of diligence or discretion in managing their affayrs, being inclined to slothfulness, and all manner of Imprudencies.
Let me add, Such Persons do not properly enjoy what they have in their Possession: in that, they take not such Contentment (as they might) in their Outward Comforts: They are Envyous at the Prosperity of Others; the little which they have is not attended with that blessing, of a satisfyed and contented Mind. Also such Persons having given over the lawful Methods of gaining Estates, and maintaining themselves, & their Families, by industry & prudence, are tempted to use shifting, sharking, fraudulent ways of dealing, by which dishonest courses they bring a further Guilt on themselves, & ripen themselves for Ruin, and mean time become [Page 16] odious, distastful, burdensome, vexatious and troublesome to their Neighbours. This consideration leads us to another particular:
Namely,
4. Drunkenness deprives Men of all Honour and Esteem among good Men; Whereby they might become acceptable and useful to others in their Generation. Such can't be numbred among the Excellent in the Earth, Psal. 10. 3. Nor can they be esteemed more Excellent than their Neighbours. Shame is the utmost promotion which such Fools deserve, Prov. 3. 35. A wicked man (such an one is a Drunkard) is loathsome and cometh to shame, Prov. 13. 5. They are nauseous, noysome, unsavory Creatures unto all that are Sober Men. Those that know them to be addicted to this Vice, can't inwardly and in their hearts respect & honour them; but contemn them as vile Persons. [Page 17] Even a whole Nation & body of People loose their Reputation, when such Sins as this of Drunkenness abound among them: Prov. 14. 34. Righteousness exalteth a Nation, but Sin proves a Reproach unto it. Even among Heathens such Persons have been most honoured and esteemed, who excell'd in the virtues of Temperance and Sobriety. The filthiness and nastiness which excessive Drining produceth, doth expose men to the height of Contempt, and disrespect from others, Isa. 28. 8. The Law of England made for Suppressing this Vice, justly terms it, The Loathsome Sin: It makes a Man a Loathsome Spectacle, a grief and shame to his Family; a scorn to his Enemies, and a Terrour to those about him.
2. The Internal Welfare of Men; the Health and Prosperity of their Souls is obstructed, and in Multitudes [Page 18] is totally Ruined by this Vice of Drunkenness. Men wound their precious immortal Souls thereby. This is one of those fleshly Lusts which War against the Soul.
1. Such impair, weaken and disorder the faculties of their Souls. The Inferiour faculties are not kept in due subordination to the superiour; but the Will and Passions get head above the Reason, and Understanding, Prov. 20. 21. Hereby the Soul is debased, and immersed into sensuality. Hereby an Impotency, Darkness & Deformity is brought upon the Mind; so that such are indisposed to conceive aright of Spiritual Objects & Mysteries: Holy Meditations cannot dwell in such Minds, though possibly sometimes a good thought may have a transient passage thorow them, in such invervals of time, when the Brain is free from Intoxication. A Man given over to [Page 19] this Lust of the flesh, loses his Ingenuity, generosity and true liberty of Mind; and Passions grow violent and impetuous in him; whence proceeds the greatest Trouble and Disquietude of Mens Lives: Such become meer slaves to their own Anger, Fear, Envy and Malice▪ they can't keep a steady Sail in any condition; they are too much lifted up by Prosperity, too much dejected under Adversity. Drunkenness is justly termed a bruitish Sin, and a voluntary Madness; Sense & Reason being laid asleep thereby, nothing remains in exercise, but that part of man wherein he resembles a Beast, which produces beastly actions and behaviour. Drink is said therefore to swallow a Man up; the effects whereof is erring and stumbling, Isa. 28. 7. And it takes away a Mans heart from Love to serious Religion, and the Service of God, Hos. 11. 4. [Page 20] And from any due consideration of Gods Judgments present or impending, Isa. 5. 11. & 56. 12. And from due consideration of the last Judgment, and of our last End, and from a due care of our own future Happiness, Luk. 21. 34.
2. Such deprive themselves of true inward Peace, Joy and Confidence. As they live continually under Guilt, so also under the power of Anxiety, Fears, Self-Will, Malice, Envy, and the like corrupt dispositions. They are like the troubled Sea which cannot rest, but being tost too and fro by contrary Winds, doth still cast forth Mire & Dirt, Isa. 57. 20. An heavy load of guilt lying on their Consciences, doth hinder them from all true Peace and Comfort. The gnawing Worm Conscience (unless when it is stupifyed by Intoxication, & made unfit, to discharge its Office) doth secretly molest them, and eat [Page 21] out the comfort which otherwise they might find in their Outward comforts. For want of Inward Peace, they have nothing to support them under the Afflictions of this Life, nor have they rational grounds to expect a better condition hereafter. A secret Dread doth always accompany guilt, until men are altogether hardned in this sinful course and become past feeling of any Remorse, which yet makes their condition the more remediless and desperate. The horrible mispence of precious Time, & daily abuse of Drink, which is a good creature of God; as it wounds their Consciences here, so it will torment them hereafter.
This brings us to the next Head:
II. Drunkenness tends to deprive a Man of Happiness in a future State, in the next World. Such err and wander out of the way of Salvation▪ [Page 22] Isa. 28. 7. They cannot find out nor walk in the narrow path which leads to Glory. This Sin lays men open, & inclines them to all manner of other Sins, whereby they quickly fill up the measure of their Sins, and ripen themselves for eternal Damnation. This Sin disposes men to much ungodliness, & ushers in much wickedness. It inclines men to filthy Lusts, Prov. 23. 33. To perverse and unclean discourse, and to become Scorners of all Goodness, and good Men, Psal. 69. 12. Hos. 7. 12. Men are hereby let loose to all those Sins to which they are either by Nature or Custom inclined; or to which Temptations and Opportunities for their Commission, do lead them. Drunkards are threatned expressly with Exclusion out of the Kingdom of Heaven, 1 Cor. 6. 9. And they ought to be excluded out of the Societies of the Godly, from the Communion [Page 23] of Saints on Earth, (which is the Kingdom of Heaven upon Earth) 1 Cor. 3 11. As a Token of their Exclusion out of the Church Triumphant; unless they repent and reform. But alas, how rare a thing is it for any to be recovered from this Sin, when once they have been accustomed and enslaved there-unto. And Oh! what inexpressible Stings will they have at last, who for their indulging themselves in this Vice are banish'd from the gracious presence of God for ever, Prov. 23. 32.
Nextly, We should proceed to Consider the Woes and Ruin brought upon Societies of Men, upon Towns, Churches, States and Kingdoms, by the prevailing of Drunkenness among them. GOD sends many s [...]re Judgments on a People that addict themselves to Intemperance in Drinking. God is provoked hereby sometimes to send [Page 24] a Famine on a Land, and to cut short the fruits of the Earth, Joel 1. 5. Sometimes God sends War on a People, to punish them for this Sin. The King of Assyria was sent of God to destroy the Crown (or Kingdom of Ephraim, because this Vice reigned among them; as appears from our Text, and the following Verses. Sinful & Excessive Drinking seems to have been One of the prevailing Sins of the Old World, which brought a Deluge of Waters on the whole World, Mat. 24. 38, 39. They were eating and drinking, until the flood came and took them all away.
When Church-Members and Professors of Religion indulge themselves in this Vice, it brings a Woful Blemish not only upon themselves, but upon the Christian Society whereto they belong; it proves a stumbling-block to others; an obstruction to the Propagation of Religion; [Page 25] and keeps many from a Love and likeing of the Christian Religion, and of Church Order and Ordinances.
Again, Drunkenness hath a natural Tendency to bring Confusion and Disorder into all Societies that are infected with it. Little or nothing of Religion or good Order is, or can be upheld in the Families of Drunkards. The Morning and Evening Sacrifice of Family-Prayer is miserably neglected in such Families: and where the Heads of Families are Intemperate, Disorderly and Bruitish; there the Children and Servants are brought up in Ignorance and Impudence; in Idleness, Lewdness and Profaneness. When Drunkenness becomes a prevailing Sin in a Land, it will soon Extinguish Religion and Order. When the Drinking party is so potent as to prevail over the small Number of [Page 26] Sober Men, that are the Remnant of Gods People in the Land, then none shall be improved in Offices of trust but such as Wink at, favour and countenance this Vice; and then the common interest of a People will soon be incommoded & ruined. Nothing doth more unqualify Persons for Offices of Trust, than this Vice of Drunkenness; no Vice makes men betray their trust more than this doth. And when such are put upon Service and Employment of any considerable concern and moment, they quickly disgrace themselves therein, and spoil the work they take in hand; and so disgrace the Offices they bear, that those Offices become contemptible and despicable, because such men have sustained them; which are justly esteem'd Stations of Honour & Dignity, when Sober Men discharge them.
Lastly, The Martial Spirits of a [Page 27] Nation or People are abated and enervated by the prevalency of Drunkenness; so that Courage, Magnamity & Conduct, Vivacity of Mind, and Activity of Body, and Ability to encounter Hardships▪ are wanting when they have most occasion for them; which incourages their Enemies to assault them as a weak and naked People. Yea, we read of Philip of Macedon, that when he heard the Persians were great Drinkers, he would not make War upon them: Saying, That alone would Ruin them.
Shall I in the next Place trespass on your Patience so sat, as to [...] at the Reasons why God denounceth [...] and executes such severe Judgments on Man-kind, for [...] Vice persisted [...]
In a Word, God is ang [...] [...] nothing but Sin: He never denounceth a Wo against [...] [Page 28] Vice and Sin which is the abominable thing which his Soul hates. Such is the Holiness and Purity of the Divine Nature, that he cannot but hate Sin; He is of purer Eyes than to behold Iniquity with any delight therein, Hab. 1. 13. Now Drunkenness is a Vice which the Lord both in the Law, & in the Gospel hath strictly prohibited. Luk. 21. 34. Take heed lest at any time your Hearts be overcharged with Drunkenness. Rom. 13. 13. Let us walk honestly as in the Day, not in Drunkenness and in Strife. Eph. 5. 18. Be not Drunk with Wine, wherein is Excess. It is a Paganish Sin; Such who practise it, walk after the will of the Gentiles, 1 Pet. 4. 3. and not as becomes those who enjoy the daylight of the Gospel: It is one of the works of Darkness. Yea, It is dishonesty, Rom. 13. 13. Those who live in it, do not live honestly; they deal not justly, honestly and honourably [Page 29] by themselves; they neglect the duties which every Man owes to himself; they are justly styled their own worst Enemies; and they soon fall into dishonest and unjust dealings with others. Drunkenness is one of the worst and vilest of the works of the Flesh, and therefore mentioned in the last place, in the Enumeration of them, in Gal. 5. 21. It is a Complicated Sin; a breach of all the Ten Commandments, in some sense, as some have undertaken to demonstrate. Be sure, it unfits men to keep any of Gods Laws: and inclines and disposes them to break them all.
But I hasten to the APPLICATION, in a two-fold Use.
USE. I. Hence it follows, that it is a great Sin to inebriate others, and to do that which may occasion or promote Drunkenness in others. As therefore [Page 30] there is a Wo denounced against the Drunkards of Ephraim in our Text; so there is also a Wo denounced unto him, That gives his Neighbour Drink; that puts his Bottle to him & makes him Drunk, Hab. 2. 15.
Indeed it seems almost in vain to undertake to convince those of the great Evil they are guilty of, in being instrumental to the Drunkenness of others, by supplying them with the Fuel whereby the flame of their craving Appetites is not quenched, but increased: who are ready to repel the force of all Arguments used for their conviction, with that answer, By this craft we gain our Wealth. But whether men will hear or not, we must be faithful in bearing a Testimony against them; who contrary to the wholesome Laws of this Province, for the sake of a little gain, supply the poor Indians, the Aboriginal Natives of this Land, with such [Page 31] quantities of Strong Liquors, whereby they are often intoxicated, and thereby exposed to many dangers and mischiefs; even to the wounding, bruising, killing and destroying one of the other. Seeing several of these poor Natives have been Executed in this Country, for Murdo [...] committed in their Drink: One would think it were a sufficient Warning to us all, to use a more than ordinary Watchfulness and Care over our selves and others, lest any of us should be in any remote degree occasions of their death. We are not ignorant of their natural extraordinary craving Appetite after Strong Drink: We are not ignorant that most of them are very unmeet judges to determine when they have drank enough. If a Parent takes care to make a judgment for his Infant, when it has drank enough of any pleasant Strong Liquor, because the [Page 32] Child is no competent judge of what is best, and most convenient for it self: by the same reason we should watch over grown Persons, and be as helpful as we can, to prevent them from harming themselves with Strong Drink; when we know by our observation of them from time to time, that their Reason hath not the Command of their Appetites. Let's consider, these Indians are of the same Race of Mankind with our selves; they are our Brethren by Adam our common Father; and by Noah, the Father of the Postdiluvian World: yea, they are our Friends and Fellow-Subjects under the same Crown. It was language only befitting a Murderous Cain, to say, Am I my Brothers Keeper? Who would have imagined that any Man would have made a Doubt or Scruple of that Nature, whether he were bound in duty to endeavour the preservation [Page 33] of other men, that were of the same kind of Being, and had the same humane Nature in common with himself?
Were there no Laws made by Civil Authority, to restrain us from Selling such Mortal Liquors to the Indians; yet the light of natural [...] might suffice to restrain us [...]erefrom. Oh! Let us not Person to break all these Bands, and cast away all these Cords from us [...], those of Humane Civil Laws, of Natural Reason, of Divine [...] and of Divine Comminations of dreadful Wo, to those who make [...] Drunk. Let us not [...] but carefully improve this awful Warning now given us, by the Sentence of Death to be this day [...] these two poor men before [...] taking away unjustly the [...] two of their own Nation, ( [...] and a Friend) both [...] [Page 34] Murdered being over-taken with Drink, at the times when these Murders were committed. Wo unto us, if we regard not this Warning now given to us. Wo unto those who instead of Mourning before the Lord, for the abounding of this Sin among the Natives, (whereby that Honourable Work of Gospellizing them is extreamly obstructed, and the endeavours and pains taken therein very much frustrated) and who instead of taking utmost care to prevent the Intemperance of the Natives, will for the sake of a little Gain, supply them with these Strong Liquors, which expose them to harm in their Healths, their Lives, their Bodies, and their Souls; yea to do harm and mischief to those that are about them. Its the work of Satan to tempt others to Sin: Oh! let's be perswaded to do Satans work no longer! Consider also, [Page 35] that we our selves are partakers in those Sins, which others commit through that Intemperance, which by our means they fall into. This we are caution [...]d to beware of, 1 Tim. 5 22. Eph. 5. 11. Hereby we are in danger to participate in the Woes, Plagues and Punishments, which this Sin of Drunkenness, and the other Sins which are occasioned there by, do pull down from Heaven upon the People we belong unto.
Consider also, what a dreadful account we shall have to give unto our Judge, at the great day of Judgment, if we have been guilty of making any of these poor Indians [...]wofold more the Children of Hell, than they were before, by being leading occasions of their falling into Drunkenness; a Vice not heard of among them before the Europeans came into America. Let every Soul of us lament and mourn before God, that [Page 36] any of the English should be Accessaries, or occasions, to the growth and prevalency of Drunkenness among the Indians; and so of the Mischiefs, and of the Murders, that have been the woful Consequents of their Intemperance. Persons guilty hereof may possibly ly hid, and remain concealed, so as to escape punishment from Men, which according to the Law of the Land, should be inflicted on them, who illegally Trade away Liquors to the Indians: But God sees and knows them all, and their Sin will find them out: they must not expect to escape the righteous Judgments of God, except they timously repent, and reform. God hath many Woes to inflict on such Persons: God can easily, and may justly send a Blast on the Estates of such Persons, who try to enrich themselves by that which occasions that Intemperance of the [Page 37] Indians: yea, such are in danger of having a Curse sent upon their Souls, seeing they shew no pity to the Souls of these poor Natives. It's not much to be wondred at that such Traders with the Indians, who occasion their Intemperance, are judicially given up, some of them, to Errors, Ignorance and Profaneness, some of them to become Drunkards themselves; to the wasting of their own Estates, and beggaring their Families: some of them to become Scorners and Haters of Godliness, and of all good, honest, sober and religious Men. No wonder, if some of them, or of their Posterity, should be suffered by God to be carryed into Captivity, among the wild Salvages of America: or that those wild Indians, should be Commissioned to destroy them & their Estates. Even an Heathen did say, It is the same thing, if thou art accessary to the [Page 38] Sin, as if thou didst commit it thy self. The Judgments of God do seize upon, not only those who do wicked works, but on such also who take pleasure in them that do them, R [...]m. 1. 22.
USE. II. Of Exhortation.
Let Every one of us in our respective Stations and Capacities put to an helping [...] to prevent and stop the Growth and Spreading of this Vice of Drunkenness. [...] we shall manifest o [...]r Lor [...] [...] and Compassion to the Publick to the whole [...] seeing GOD [...] a Controversy [...] the Whole Nation or Body [...] whom this [...]
[...] [...]ch of as [...] in [...] of Temperance [...] ab [...]tin [...]ce; [...] by on [...] we may [...] [Page 39] and Testify against this growing Vice. Oh! Let us be careful to avoid the very Appearance of this Evil.
Let us also Cry mightily to God with Fervency and Importunity in Prayer, that God would be pleased to put a stop to this Threatned Flood of Iniquity, both amongst English and Indians.
Let us take care to avoid Drinkings, as well as Drunkenness; Beware we be not of that Number who sit and tarry long at the Strong Drink, Isa. 5. 11. It is a Sin to Eat and Drink with the Drunkards, to accompany them so far and so much as to countenance encourage, and harden them in their Intemperance, Matth. 24. 49. Yea, for our own good, let us beware of too great Familiarity wi [...]h those who are Strong to beat Strong Drink, and are greedy after [...] and love to be [Page 40] long at it: for such are infectious Persons. There is little Hope that such will gain good by the Company of good Men: but there is great danger lest a good Man gain some infection from them; yea, sometimes a blot and a spot, that he cannot soon wipe off again.
But Wo to those who tempt, allure, entice others into this Sin, or into such Places and Companies, where they may probably expect no other, but to meet with great Temptations to fall into it. Wo to those, who use their Wit and Fancy to applaud and commend hard and long, and frequent Drinkings, as being Generosity and Sociableness; and that make a ridicule of those [...] Endeavour to Excel in Temperance and Sobriety. Consider, It cannot be true love and friendship, to [...] and betray our Friend into [Page 41] Temptation, and the snare of the Devil.
Lastly, Let us improve the awful Spectacle; the Instances of Divine Vengeance manifested against this Sin, which are the occasion of this present Solemnity; let us Argue thus, If this be the Fruit of Immoderate Drinking of Strong Liquors▪ to be led thereby and left of GOD to Commit the horrid Sin of Murther, and so to come to the Gallows; then, By the Grace of GOD helping us, we will Abhor, Detest and Abominate this Sin and Vice for the future, more than ever heretofore; and will be more careful to Avoid it our selves, and to Restrain and Recover Others from [...] than ever we have been in the time past of our lives. The LORD [...] us so to do!
[Page 42] I shall Conclude with a few Word [...] directed to the poor Condemned Malefactors, in their own Language.
Ogguffunash
Ku
[...]oonkla
[...]h mashamukupash en kuttummunke Wassumutup nish
[...]hteaeninyeuog, Josiah, kah Joseph,
[...] nehenwonche wuttinontoowaonkauoowout; ut Bristol, October 12. 1709. ne kesukod adt wussumaonkanoo ussenap.
WOI Keen Josias kah keen Joseph, noo [...]amook Wuttinnoowaonk God, onk woh Kukkereahogkonoo pomantamwog: Isai. 55. 3. Yeu momachisheyeue kuhkootumwehteaonk, ne woh noo [...]amo [...]q: Yeu nohkog kukketeahogkonoo mos kummamo [...]teanau, Luk. 12. 20. Mahtshunk yeu kesukod kukketeahogkonoo pish appuong micheme asuh ut Kesukqut, asuh ut Chepiokkomukqut. [Page 44] Kuhquttosu, yeu kesukod mos kenuppumwoo; kah mahche nuppoookq, mat-nuppooe Kukketeahogkonoo mos nepoog anaquabit mussugken God, wussuttumwaenin.
Natwontamook,
1. Kenau masukkenukeg match [...] seaeninuog. Nishehteaonk kah Kakesippamooonk mogkiyeue matcheseo [...]kash. Kuttohhoowoash wahteauunau kummatcheseonkanoo. Nuttogketamumun ut Numb. 32. 23. Kusseh, kummatchenehheomwoo Jehovah, kah pahke wahteoook kummatcheseonkanoo kummishkunkumwoo. 1 Cor. 6. 9, 10. Sunnummatta koowahteomw [...]o, matta sampwesegik, matta pish a [...]tooo [...]g akkehtohsootumooonk God: Ahsookuhkommitteahteog, Nanwunn [...]otsquawacheg, kah Mamossitcheg, kah Kummootoowacninuog, kah kog [...]amwaeninuog, kah [...], kah Kehkemuae [...]in [...]og, kah [Page 45] Mukkookinnuwaeninuog matta pish ohto [...]oog Wuttahsootumooonk God. Penuwohteaeninuog unnantamuppaneg onk Nushehteaonk unni Missi Matcheseonk, Act 28. 4 unnittupaneg, Matta kuhshe yeuuh Nushehteaenin, uttohkonogque uppohquohhomun wutch Kehtahhanit, annootaonk matta w [...]ttinanumuh pomantamunnat.
2. Natwontamook toh unni uhkpunnaonk kuppattauowoo kuhhogkaoog, Deut. 21. 23. Noh kahchequabinit, ummatanumuh God. Rev. 21. 8. Nishehteaeninuog pish ahtoog wutchippiyeumoo ut Pasohtheganit ne nashqunnag nashpe noohteau kah Brimstone, ne [...]ahhohtoe [...] Nuppooonk. Natwontamook, uhquinne [...]nkquat pinnishonat wunnitchekonnit pomantamwae God. Heb. 10. 31. Nuttogketamumun ut, Hosea 13 9. Woi Israel kunnush hohhog: Nashpe kummishe matcheseonkanoo kunnishomwoo kohhogkaoog kah kukketeahogkonoo. Moocheke [Page 46] moosquantam God wutche kuppanne usseonkanoo; kah [...] wah [...]eunk ummoosquantamooe [...] God, Psal. 90. 11. God moosquan [...]ma [...] matchetoooh asekesu [...]o ash, Psal. 7. 11. Kah netatuppe mooshquam [...] [...]u God Nushehteaeninneuh, Prov. 28. 17. Howan che [...]e [...]ehtunk oosqhe [...]k howae wos et [...]mp, pish ussishau Pass [...]hthega [...]it, howan [...]
3. Annoosooonkanuoo wutche masukkenukeg Matches [...]ae [...]uog, onk woh wadohanoog aiuskoiantamohi [...]rit, kah wunnamptamohettit ut Christut. W [...]nnuppooonk Christ [...]ummoohhoowomoo manan [...]teaonk kah ohquantamoatuonk, wutche [...] aiushoi [...]ntogeg. Youwaj, woi Samp [...]ttahhae aiuskoiantamook, kah peaonook Christ n [...]shpe wunnamptamooonk. Natwontamook [...]e wuttinnoowaonk Christ, Isai. 45. 22. Moninneiekq kah wa [...] chani [...]teakq wame kenau w [...]hqshikish [Page 47] ohke, newutche nen God, kah matta wonk howan: kah Heb. 7. 25. Tapunum Christ panuppe oowadchanonat nag paaonocheg Godoh nashpe nagum, newutche micheme pomantam nah uppeantamwanshonat. Yeuoh mononeteae noowadchanuaeninumun wissin, Joh. 6. 37. Howan noh payaausit matta nuppogkenoh. Christ wehkumau wame matcheseaeninneuh uppeaonukqunnaout, wutche wadchanittuonk, Isai. 65. 1, 2, 3. Christ ketoohkou, Nissip, Moninneiekq moninneiekq en wuttohtimoin ne matta assoowetamukup nashpe noowesuonk: Nussepakunumup ninnitchegash quinekesukod en chekehtamwe missinninuut, neg aoncheg may ne matta waneg [...]innunnook, neanag nehhenwonche wuttinnantamooonkanoo: Missinninuog moohmoos [...]hu [...]queoneg naquahteae, ut anaq [...]abeh. Joh. 7. 37. Mushontoowau Christ, Howan kuhkuttoog peyauo [...]itch kah w [...]ttattaj. Rev. 22. 17. Howan [Page 48] annantog, nem [...]nitch pomantamoe nippe nanawe. Mat. 11. 28. Peyauosekq [...]ame sa [...]nn [...]magish kah tahkekoowanaogish, kah kuttinunumauunumwoo [...]nwo [...]sinooonk.
Yeuwaj,
1. Pahketahkae aiuskoiantamook. Nuttogketamumun papaume Israelitsog, Psal. 78. 35, 36, 37. [...]ut [...] ut w [...]ttoonoowout; kah upp [...]wae [...] nashpe w [...]nannu: N [...]wurche wuttahhoo matta sam [...]wanoo noh w [...]che. Yeuwaj ahque aiontogkiy [...]ue qut sam [...]wuttahhae sampoowag kummatche [...]onkanoo en Godut, kah pean [...]mook wutche monanete [...]onk, kah wadchanittuonk ut oowesuonkanit Nussontimomun Jesus Christ, Jer. 3. 22. God wehkummuau, Quishkekq kenan [...] mukki [...]g, kah pish nu [...]netskeh [...] [...]: Woi [...], Kusseh kuppeaonunumun, [...] Jehovah num-Manit [...]omun. Neuantamook kah mauook ut anaqua [...]it God, wutche kogk [...]isippamooonk, [...]ushehteaonk kah wame onkatogish [...]mmatch [...]seonkanoo. Matta ohquompanooh [Page 49] aiuskoiantamuna [...] ut we [...]uhket ne a [...]an, Eccl. 9, 10. Yeuyeu tapinn [...]atue uttoocheyeuoo, yeuyeu wadchanittae ke [...]ukod, 2 Cor. 6. 2.
2. Onkq Christut wutche keteahogkone keteaonk: Neane David, Psal. 25. 2. Woi [...] kuppa [...]ah [...]anumush. Tohshunumook kuskesukoowoash en Jesus Christut noh abit michemohtae [...] anunumoatnonk, Psal. 121. 1. Moninneohk Jesus Christ, onk woh kutt [...]ttumunumwoo wadehanaonk kukk [...]tea [...]gk [...]wuh, 1 Pet. 1. 9. [...] wul [...]amb [...]h God, [...] ummatcheseo [...]k mutta [...]k, Joh. 1. 29. Peantamauoohk ammanumunat kum matcheseonkane k [...]suhkotamooonkanoo. & qun [...]ppi [...] umunat kutch [...]oowoosh sekinneamunnat kum matchese [...]nkan [...]o, kah poonumunat kohhogaout [...] Muttah, poohkshae mutah, kah tanogki nahshaonk. Mehquantamook n [...] wasukwhosik ut, Acts 16. 31. [...] Jesus Christ kah pish [...], kah Joh. 3. 18. Noh [...] matta awakompuae wussum [...]n [...]qut [...] wanomptam [...]k [...] newutche matta [Page 50] wun [...]amptamoo OOwesuonkanit wunnukq [...]tegbeonoh God. Wissin Christ en nish [...]oh howan wanamptog, Nuttaioom wunnamptah kummatoheseonkash kuttahquantamonteanash: Math. 9. 2. Newajeh (neane nuttogketamumun, Rom. 5. 1.) S [...]mpw [...]ne [...]hunog nashpe wunnamptamooonk [...]onahteaonomun God, nashpe Nuppiahq [...]ttum [...]omun Jesus Christ. Rom. 8. 1. Matta nag awahkompunnoooog apehtauoneheg Christ Jesus.
Tabattantumohk God, wutche Christ. Us howan nen, onk mananeteaonk ohtag Godut, kah Christut woh nootihein! Tabattantumohk Mannit, noh wahtauwahhukqueog Lord Jesus Christoh wutche noowadchanoowaeninumun: noh wahteauwahhuwadt, en [...]t [...]ummunke Indiansut wunnaun [...]nummoohkaonk papaume Christ, noh wunnummuhkitteyeue nont mayeuo [...]it en michemohtae wunniyeuonka [...]it. Matth. 4. 16. Missinninuog apehpaneg pahk [...]naiye [...]t namog mussi wequai: kah en nag apehpaneg wuttohket, kah wuttonka [...]tomut nuppooonk wequai uspemoo.
Woi peantamauoohk Wuttoohshum [...]u annunumwontamunnat kuppannnoowa [...]tamooonkanoo, [Page 51] Mark 9. 24. [...] nenawun nuttapunnumoomun [...] nea [...]onat Christ nashpe wunnampta [...] onk; qut God nashpe wunnohsh [...]ittoomoh magoo menehkesuonk, kah [...] umoadtuonk, kah kesehteo wunnamptamooonk ut wuttahhoowout neg peantogkeg. Peantamoo [...]k neane David, Psal. 51. 14. Po [...]quahwusseh wutch wishquehheonkane, kesuhkotamooo [...]kanit, w [...]t God, ken wadchanoowae numma [...]nittoom, kah vers. 1. Kuttummonteanumeh, woi God, neanag koowumoasue kuttumo [...]teanitteaunk, neanag [...] kummonaneteaonkash, cheekhash numm [...]t [...]eusseo [...]k: V. 2. [...] k [...]tchissu [...]eh, kah pa [...]kheh wutch nummatcheseonkash; newutche nussampoowam nummatcheseonk; Ken w [...]b [...] kah yeu [...] match [...]seo [...]k ut an [...]quabean. vers. 9. Puttogwhush kushesuk wutch nummatcheseo [...]k [...]nit; kah cheskhash wa [...]te num-matchese [...]nkash: vers. 10. K [...]sehteah pahke Muttah, woi God; kah sampwohtae N [...]sha [...]k wuske [...]teah. vers. 11. A [...]que p [...]gkeseh wutch anaquabean; kah a [...]que amanumah koonet [...]ppantamwe nahshaonk.
Kah woi wame onkatogig Indian-s [...]g! [Page 52] Natwontamo [...]k God amomau [...] noh howan ahquehtauunat, kah [...]kodtumunat wame matcheseonkash, neane wissin ut, Eccl. 7. 1 [...]. Ah [...]e [...]ussome matcheseaeninyeuish, asuh Mattammag [...]ooo [...]kon; toh wutch woh nupan a [...]k [...] kod nuppooan. Psal. 55. 23. Nishehteaeninuog kah assook [...]kodteaeninu [...]g matta pish pomantamooog pu [...]she ukkesukodtumoomoowoash. God nahtehteae poonau yeug kuttumonke wosketompaog ( Josias kah Joseph) wutche uhshuwaonk kah wutche Amontuonk; yeuwaj, woi wame nootamook kah wabisek, kah ahquehteauook wame matcheseonkash; nahnaunne ahquehtauook kogkeisippamooonk Nuttogketamumun unnaumatuonk ut nukkone Testamentut, Deut. 21. 20, 21. Nag pish unna [...]g Eldersog, yeuuh nunnaumonan kogkeisippamaeninyeuo [...]; kah wame wosketompaog ne ootannat pish ukqussukquanatohwhouh qussukquanash kah pish nuppoo, kah pish kutamaunum machuhk wutch nashaue ken; kah wame Israel pish [...]ootamwog kah pish wabisuog.