ENGLANDS Black List; OR, A short Account of some of the many Il­legal, Arbitrary, Popish and Tyrannical Actions of King Charles I. falsely and unjustly call'd the Pious Martyr of ever Blessed Memory; I shall not pre­tend to describe them Gradually, or Annually, but as they Occur.

1. HE took in the Duke of Buckingham to be one of the chief Conductors of all his Affairs, not­withstanding the said Duke was impeached for a very suspicious Playster and Portion administred to King James the First. See the Earl of Bristols, and Sir Dudley Digg's Speeches against him in Rushworth. The Duke's Mother, and many near about him, were Papists, and ad­vanced Men popishly Devoted, to places of the chief C [...]mmand in the Court and Camp. Three Parliaments in the beginning of this Reign, found and declared this Duke the cause of all their Miseries and Disasters, the Grievance of Grievances; yet King Charles would against all Justice protect him.

[Page 2]2. He made that wicked Bishop Laud (who was after­wards deservedly beheaded) another of his Favourites, by whose precious Councils poor England hath notoriously suffer­ed; to write his Life according to his Actions, would suf­ficiently darken the Lustre of those immerite and impious Encomiums given by that Notorious Jacobite Mr. Wharton. The Pious Dr. Abbatt, then Arch Bishop of Canterbury, hath in his Writings given a sad account of him. 'Tis said that Archbishop Sancroft had a great hand in putting forth this Book.

3. His Marrying Heneretta Maria of France, a violent Papist, and agreeing to private Articles in favour of Papists, viz. That those who had been Imprisoned, as well Eccle­siastical as Temporal, should be Released: That Papists should be no more molested for their Religion; by which means the Papists grew impudent, and Scoff'd at Parlia­ments and Law. Read the Articles at large in this Book.

4. That received a Letter from the Pope, and writ him an Answer, saluting Antichrist with the Title of Sanctissi­me Pater, Most Holy Father. That Procured the Pope's Dispensation for his Marriage, which was solemnized by Proxy, according to the Ceremonies of the Romish Church. See the Pope's and King's Letter at large in this Book.

5. That pursuant to his Private Article with France, immediately Granted a special Pardon to twenty Popish Priests for all the Offences they had Committed against the Laws, and Built a Chapel at Somerset-House, with Conveniencies for Fryars which were permitted to walk abroad in their Habits. Baker the Jesuit, was one of many that was Par­doned after the Lords and Commons had sent a Petition to him for advancing the True Religion, and suppressing of Popery. He made Weston (who died a Papist) his Lord Treasurer, and preferred so many Papists to places of great [Page 3] Trust, as Lord Lieutenants, Deputy Lieutenants, Justices of the Peace, &c. That the Commons of England, complain'd by their Petition, of near One Hundred of all Ranks; he re­strain'd the Ecclesiastical and Temporal Courts from inter­medling with Papists, which was little less then a Tollera­tion. He not only Schreened, but Pardoned Mountague his Chaplain, whom the Commons had Voted, had endeavoured to Reconcile England to Rome, and instanced, that he main­tain'd these Positions. That the Church of Rome is, and ever was, a True Church; That Images might be used for the instructions of the Ignorant, and for Exortation of Devo­tion; That Saints have a Memory, and a more peculiar charge of their Friends; and that it may be admitted, that some Saints have a peculiar Patronage, Custody, Protection and Power, as Angels also have over certain Persons and Countrys by special Deputation; That impiously and prophanely scoffed at Preaching, Lectures, Bibles, and all shew of Religion; and though the Commons prayed, that for these and other matters, Mountague might be Punished, and his Books Burnt, yet the King would do neither, but Pardon'd him as aforesaid; being incensed at the Commons prosecuting a Man after his own Heart.

6. That to the great Dishonour of England, the Scan­dal of the Protestant Religion, and the great Weakening of the Protestant Interest abroad, Did lend Eight Ships (E­quip'd with the subsidies given for the relief of his distressed Protestant Sister, the Electress Palatine, and the poor oppres­sed Protestants of the Palatinate) to the French King, to fight against the miserable Protestants of Rochel. Captain Pen­nington in the Vantguard went Admiral; the Commanders and Mariners protested against the Service, though temp­ted with Chains of Gold, &c. Declaring they would sink rather then fight against their own Religion. The Duke of Rohan, and the French Protestants, sollicited the King not to let the Ships go again, and had good Words and Hopes: [Page 4] Nevertheless, Ordered Pennington by Letter, Dated the 28th. of July, 1625. without Delay, to Consign the Vant­guard into the Hands of the Marquess de Effiat for the French King's Service, and to require the seven other Ships in his Name, to put themselves into the Service of the French, Commanding Pennington to use all Force, even to sinking in case of Refusal. Hereupon Pennington put his Ship into the Absolute Power of the French King, and Commanded the rest to do so; But the honest Sea-men refused to be slaves to the French, and fight against the Protestant Religion, till forced by Shots: But Sir Ferdinando Gerges, to his Eternal Honour, brought away the Neptune with Detestation of the Action. All the English, Men and Boys, except (one Gunner who was slain in Charging a piece of Ordnance, according to his defect) declined the Service and quitted the Ships, re­fusing to serve against the Rochellers. In September follow­ing, these seven Ships were actually imployed against the Ro­chellers, almost to their utter ruin. The French boasted that the Vantguard mow'd the Hereticks down like Grass; by these wicked means, were these good People wholly lost: They held the Town till the Year 1628. but were reduced to incredible Misery, having lived long upon Horse Flesh, Hides, Leather, Doggs and Cats, &c. There were but Four Thousand lest of Fifteen Thousand Souls, many dyed with Famine, and they usually carried their Coffins into the Church-yard, and there laid themselves and Dyed. A Sad Story, that ought never to be forgotten in the History of Our Blessed Martyr's Reign, (as wickedly call'd.)

7. That in Civil Matters, took his Peoples Goods from them against their Wills, and their Liberties against the Laws; that pluck'd up the Root of all Property; that acted almost like the Turks, who send their Janizaries, and place their Halbards at the Door, and then are Masters of all; for in the very beginning of his Reign, he levied twelve thousand Soldiers contrary to Law, and then required the Country to furnish the charge of Coal and conduct Money.

[Page 5]8. That appointed Commissioners to Try, Condemn and Execute those he unjustly call'd Delinquents by Martial Law, directly against the Laws of the Land, and some were Executed thereby.

9. That struct directly at the Property of the Subject's Goods, by issuing out Commissions ( contrary to many Laws) for Raising Money by way of Loan, and the Commissi­oners were ordered to certify to the Council Board, the Names of all Refractery Persons; particularly, he Demand­ed One Hundred Thousand Pounds of the City of London, and upon their Refusal, he threatned them, saying, He would frame his Councils as appartained to a King.

10. That against all Law, required, the Londoners to set forth Twenty Ships Manned and Victualed for three Months, against which the Mayor, Aldermen and Common Council Petition, but to no purpose: Being answered, That Peti­tions and Pleadings were not to be received, and that the Precedents of formers Times were Obedience, not Direction.

The Deputy Lieutenants and Justices of the Peace of Dor­setshire, being Commanded to set forth Ships, insisted, That the Case was without President, for which, they were severely checked, and told, that State Occasions were not to be guided by Ordinary Presidents.

Those Persons of Quality, that refused to subscribe to the Loan, were turned out of the Commission of the Peace and Lieutenancy.

Sir Peter Hayman, upon his refusal of the Loan, was commanded against his Will, to go upon the King's Service, beyond the Seas; others of meaner Rank, were either bound to appear before the Leiutenancy of the Tower, to be Enrold for Soldiers for Denmark, or were impressed to serve in the King's Ships.

[Page 6]Sir Randolph Crew, the then Learned Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench, for Declaring against the Loan, and not giving Judgment, that the King might Imprison, du­ring Pleasure, was turned out, and Sir Nicholas Hide put in his Room, who presently complyed with the King.

Sir Thomas Darnell, Sir John Corbet, Sir Walter Earl, Sir John Hevingham, Sir Edward Hamden, five of the Gentle­men Imprisoned for Refusing the Loan, brought their Ha­beas Corpus in Michaelmas Term, in the third year of his Reign. The Warden of the Fleet made his Return, that they were detained in his Custody by the special command of King; and Sir Robert Heath, then Attorney Generral, justi­fied this sort of Imprisonment, though no special Cause was assign'd, and the Lord Chief Justice Hide (who was made on purpose for it) did singly give Judgment for remanding the Gentlemen to perpetual Imprisonment.

11. That Billotted Soldiers (many of which were Pa­pists) upon whom he pleased for Punishments; these Soldiers committed so many Disorders, mastered the Peo­ple, and disturbed the Peace, that there was a General Out­cry against them, many being undone by them: Yet this was not redressed.

12. That in the year 1627. Issued a Commission under the Great Seal to several Temporal Lords, with Neal and Laud, Bishops of Winchester and Bath and Wells, and others to Raise Money by way of Excise, and to enforce the Pay­ment (and which is very probable) to awe the Parliament, which was to Assemble the 17 th. of March; He

13. Upon the 13 th. day of January, 1627. sent a private Seal to the Lord Treasurer, to this Effect: We command you forthwith to pay to Philip Burlemark, Merchant, Thirty Thousand Pounds, to be paid by him over by Bill of Ex­change [Page 7] into the Low Countrys and Germany, unto Sir Wil­liam Balfoure, and John Dolbier, Esq (who was a Pa­pist) for Levying and Providing certain Numbers of Horse, with Arms for Horse and Foot, to be brought o­ver into this Kingdom, for our Service, &c.

Burlemark being afterwards call'd into the House of Commons, and examin'd about this matter, Declared, That he received the Thirty Phousand Pounds; That one Thousand Horse were levied, and these Horses and their Riders were to come over, and Arms were to be provided for them in Holland, but heard a Countermand was gone to stay them.

14. That caused Mr. Chambers, a Merchant, to be fined two thousand Pounds, to be committed to the Fleet, until he made his Submission, for saying, That the Merchants in no part of the World are scrued and wrung as in England; and that in Turkey they have more Encouragement.

15. That Oppressed and Imprison'd all Rank or Order of Men, viz. The Earl of Bristol was two Years confined with­out being charged with any Accusation, or brought to Try­al, or permitted to Answer for himself for offering to accuse the Duke of Buckingham. He Committed the Earl of Ar­rundel to the Tower, in time of Parliament, without ex­pressing any cause of his Commitment, which was a mani­fest violation of the Privileges of the House of Peers; and though the Lords presented a Remonstrance, yet this Lord was long detained Prisoner.

16. That sent a threatning Message to the House of Com­mons, That if he had not a timely Supply, he would be­take himself to New Councils. Which could only mean the putting an End to the use of Parliaments. That at a­nother time, said to the Lords and Commons, Remember that Parliaments are altogether in my Power, therefore as I find the fruits of them, Good or Evil, they are to continue or not to be.

[Page 8]17. His shameful betraying the poor Protestants in the Palatinate, and using the Money (given by the charitable Protestants of England for their relief) in Equipping Ships to be sent to the Assistance of the French King, a­gainst the poor Protestants of the Isles of Rhee and Ro­chell.

18. That without doubt, had a great hand in the No­torious Irish Rebellion, wherein above 150 thousand poor Protestant Souls were most Barbarously Murthered, and this will more plainly appear by reading the Commis­sion given by this King in the 17th. Year of his Reign, dated from Edinborough, and also the Commission thereupon of Peilem Oneale, and Rorie Macguire to all the Papists, both English and Irish, within the Kingdom of Ireland; both which for the Readers better satisfaction, are Printed at large in this Book; and also a sheet of Paper, call'd, Murther will Out, containing King Charles II's Letter to the Court of Claims in Ireland, 1663. Requiring the then Commissioners to restore the Earl of Antrim to his E­state, for that he had made it appear, he had acted no­thing but by Order and Commission from King Charles I. read the Letter at large. Take notice this Earl of Antrim had been a very great Rebell, yet restored for serving that King, in murthering his Protestant Subjects; neither can any impartial Men think that King Innocent of this Wicked Act, if they consider how Treacherously and Basely he delt with the Protestants of England, of the Palatinate, of the Isles of Rhee and Rochell. What Articles he made with France in favour of Popery upon his Match; what a mighty Influence his Popish Queen had over him; how he employed in great Places of Trust, not only great Favourers of Popery, but also many profest Papists, and was very much Advised and Govern'd by their Counsels to the great Sor­row and Misery of his poor Protestant Subjects; as also that in the Summer before that dreadful October 1641. a Com­mittee of the most Active Papists, all afterwards in the head [Page 9] of the Rebellion, were in great favour at White-Hall, and admitted to many private Consultations there with the King in the Queens Presence; and those Irish Priests depar­ted not thence till within two Months before that Bloody Re­bellion and Massacre. It was at that time, I morally be­lieve, that King Charles favoured the Irish Massacre, and the Irish Papists were so well assured of it, that they call­ed themselves the Queen's Army, and said they had good Warrant in Black and White for their Proceedings, and cryed out against the Parliament of England, as the King's Enemies. He that has a desire of being satisfied how great a favourer King Charles was of Papists, let him read Mr. Pinn's Book, called, The Royal Court Favou­rite. He was very much advised by the then Parliament, to send early Relief to the poor Protestants of Ireland, but it is notoriously known, how backward he was therein, and that he suffered them to be Sacrificed to the cruel Mercy of the Irish Cut-Throats. It is also plain, that the Parlia­ment had long and often requested the King to Declare the Irish, Rebels; yet was this rare Protestant Martyr so Tender of the Poor Catholicks Reputation, for Acting ac­cording to his Commands, that no less than three Months past, before he would gratifie the House of Commons with Proclaiming them Rebels, and when he had against his real inclination thus done, he was resolved; That but a small number should be Printed and Published, and in order there­unto, the following Warrant was sent to the King's Printer from his Secretary of State.

See here what special care was taken, that a few only should come to the knowledge of this Proclamation, when at the same time it was well observed, he dealt far other­wise by the Scots, for they were more sharply Proclaimed, and those Proclamations with great care and dilligence, dis­persed throughout the whole Kingdom, and ordered to be read in all Churches accompanied with Publick Prayers and Execrations. But his Aversion to the Proclaiming and Proceeding against the Irish Rebels, is not to be much wondred at; for they call themselves The Queen's Army, and declared that they Rose to maintain the King's Pre­rogative, and the Queen's Religion, against the Parlia­ment; much more might be collected from divers Au­thors, of this Tragical Story, which for Brevity Sake, I shall now omit.

19. That to his Eternal Infamy against all Laws, both Humane and Divine, caused A Declaration to be Pub­lished concerning the Lawfulness of Sports, Pastimes, &c. on the Lord's Day, and gave Archbishop Laud an Order, under his Hand, to see that this Declaration was Printed. Read the Order, and Declaration Printed at large in this Book; and also King Charces II's Declaration after his Re­storation. It is a wonderful and amazing thing, that there can be found amongst us, such Clergymen and Gentlemen, that against all Reason and Truth, shall make a Saint, nay, a Martyr, of this (as you see) Pious King; How these Men at the Great Day of Judgment, will be able to Answer for the many abominable Lies, and Blasphemies they [Page 11] have been Guilty of, in Defending this King's Tyrannies and Oppressions, and Deifying him after a most scandalous Rate, is a Mystery to me: The Publication of this Licentious Book, was so apparently destructive to Religion, and so dishonourable to God, and the King, That the Pious and So­ber Clergy of that time, absolutely refused either to Read it, or to permit it the said abominable Declaration to be Read; and how barbarously, and unchristianly they were used for their Refusal, is too well known.

20 That gave Wicked, Arbitrary and Tyrannical Or­ders, Instructions and Commissions to the Earl of Strafford, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland; all which, the said Earl, took such care to Execute, that the Parliament which was made up of Grave, Able, and discerning Persons, fell so severely upon him, that they caused him to be Committed to the Tower, Impeached him, and soon after caused him to be according to his deserts, Beheaded. He pleaded the King's Authority for what he had done, but the Commons saw no reason to acquit him. 'Twas observed, that tho the King and Queen would not publickly Solicite for his Relief, yet several secret Instances were made by them both, to save him that had obeyed their Commands, &c. But the just Cries of the People, &c. necessitated the King a­gainst his Will to sign the Warrant for his Execution. And having now given a short account of the Earl of Strafford, I think it proper for the satisfaction of all those good Peo­ple, that desire to be rightly informed, for what Laud Arch­bishop of Canterbury was most justly Beheaded. The House of Commons having proof, that he had a great Hand in all the Arbitrary Proceedings and Dealings with Rome, De­cember 18 th. 1640. they Voted him to be a Traytor; and Mr. Hollis was sent to the Lords, to Accuse him of High-Treason, which he did immediately; assuring the Lords, that in convenient time, there should be a charge put in against him, to make Good the Accusation, desiring that he might be sequestred from the House and Committed, which [Page 12] was forthwith done by the Lords. The Articles where­with he was charged, consist of these Heads, &c.

• 1. For that he had Treacherously endeavoured to subvert the Fundamental Laws and Government of the Kingdom of England; and instead thereof to Introduce an Arbitrary and Tyrannical Government against Law.
• 2. That he had laboured to Overthrow the Authority of Parliaments, and the Force of the Laws of the Kingdom of England.
• 3. That he had laboured to corrupt and pervert the Mi­nisters of Justice.
• 4. That he himself had corruptly bought and sold Justice in his Seat.
• 5. That he had put a New Book of Cannons in Execution against Law. Vide 2 Vol. 2 d. Part of Rushworth's Hist. Collect. Fol. 1365. & sequent.
• 6. That he had Traytorously assumed to himself a Papal and Tyrannical Power, both in Ecclesiastical and Temporal Matters.
• 7. That he had laboured to subvert the Protestant Reli­gion, and instead thereof, to set up Popish Superstition and Idolatry.
• 8. That he had prefer'd notorious Papist to Places of Dignity.
• 9. That he had chosen to himself a Chaplain Popishly affected.
• 10. That he had kept Confederacy and Intelligence with Popish Priests and Jesuits.
• 11. That he had cruelly persecuted Godly Ministers.
• 12. That he had laboured to make Divisions and Discord between us and other Churches.
• 13. That he had stir'd up War and Enmity between his Majesties two Kingdoms of England and Scotland.
• 14. That he had Slandered, and Incensed His Majesty against Parliaments.
• [Page 13]15. That he had laboured to slander Parliaments with the Nick Name of Puritans, and commended the Papists for harmless and peaceable Subjects.
• 16. That he had Traytorously indeavoured to advance the Power of the Council Table, the Cannons of the Church, and the King's Prerogative, above the Laws and Statutes of the Realm.
• 17. That he had Wittingly and Willingly, Harboured, Countenanced and Relieved, divers Popish Priests and Jesuits; and particularly one call'd, Santa Clara alias Damport a dangerous Person, and Franciscan Fryar; and did also provide Maintenance, and Entertainment for one Monsieur St. Gyles, a Popish Priest at Oxford, knowing him to be a Popish Priest.
• 18. That he had threatningly said, there must be a Blow given to the Church, such as had not been yet given, before it could be brought to Conformity.
• 19. That he punished divers Ministers in Prosecution of the last Cannons, made by himself.
• 20. That he had wickedly and malitiously Advised His Majesty to dissolve the last Parliament, and presently after it was Dissolved, told His Majesty, That then he was absolved from all Rules of Government, and left free to use all extraordinary Ways for his Supply.

These were the chief Heads of the Charge against that Proud, Popish, and Arbitrary Prelate, for which he was sent Prisoner to the Tower. After some close Inquiries and Examinations taken from the Informations of the late Lord Deputy of Ireland; it was sufficiently known, that the Archbishop was the Conduite Pipe, through which the Popish Party, made the pernicious Seed of Division run so smoothly; that he was the Wicked Instrument they made use of to stir up the Division between the two Kingdoms of England and Scotland, and between the Protestants of the Church of England and the Presbyterians.

[Page 14]These heavy charges being made good against this Bishop, and he most righteously executed for these his notorious Evil Actions, Why are most of our Clergy, and some of our Laity so wicked, as to vindicate him, and without the least Reason, or shaddow of Truth, cry him up for a Blessed Martyr, that had violated all the Laws of the Land, and was so great a Cause of most of the Miseries of England? That to prevent the Peoples being too Religious, advised and highly promoted the Declaration of Sports on the Lord's Day; a time so odious in the sight of any thing of a Christian, that it ought never to be forgotten.

21. That after he had compleatly acted the part of a great Tyrant, and thereby had justly lost the general Love, Esteem, and Affection of the best Protestants of the three Kingdoms. He willingly consented that Bishop Gauden, Bishop Duppa, &c. should compose a Book, and call it, His Portraiture or Picture; and this Book the King was to own as his, that it was composed by him, when God knows he had neither so much Piety, nor Capacity, as that Work re-required, though as a Noble Peer lately said, Let that Book be Written by the King, or by any body else, there is little in it that deserves Esteem. The design of this Book was three-fold; the first was, By the Lies thereby, to ju­stifie the King's Arbitrary and Illegal Actions; secondly, Heavily to load the People of England with Rebellion, &c. for standing up for the legal Liberties and Properties be­longing to them, though absolutely forced thereunto, to prevent the Inundation of Misery and Popish Slavery, that the King and his wicked Court Favourites were then bringing on the three Kingdoms; thirdly, The cunning drift of the Factious and Defeated Party, design'd to make the same Advantage of his Book, as they did before of his Regal Name and Authority, and intended it, not only for a Defence of the King's former Actions, but also for promo­ting their own future Designs. As for the Book, who ever is the real Author, has no occasion to value himself for [Page 15] that Work, two things being with the greatest ease to be prov'd upon him. First, That he is a most Notorious Lyer, both as to his Assertions of the King's Innocency of those sad matters justly laid to his Charge, and also of his many unjust Accusations of the People of England; and secondly, That he was a Thief, and had so much Piety, as to have recourse to the famous Sir Philip Sydney's Arcadia ( a Ro­mance) in the time of his Troubles, and from thence to steal the Prayer of Pamelia (to an Heathen Diety) being under Imprisonment; not finding a suitable Form in the Liturgy, Psalms of David, or any other places of the sa­cred Scripture. And that the Reader may be satisfied of the Truth of this Piece of Thievery, I have thought fit to Print both Prayers in Collums one against the other. That of Pamelias may be found in Pembrook's Arcadia, p. 248. 13 Edit. Printed 1674. That of King Charles I's, is call'd a Prayer in time of Captivity, Printed in a Great Folio, call'd, the Works of King Charles, and also in his Eicon Basilike.

Having now given an Account of the design of Pub­lishing this special Book, and also what it is composed of, I shall now produce divers Reasons (enough I think to convince any rational Man that will not be willfully blind. And first, I shall give you the Noble Earl of Anglesey's Memorandum, perfixt before the Book reputed to be King Charles I's, called, Icon Basilice, and found by Edward Millington, who sold the said Earl's Library, all Written with the Earl's own Hand, in these Words:

[Page 18]This Noble Earl's Advertisement, or Memorandum, must have the greater Weight, for that he concealed it (for ought I can hear) from the Publick, which doubtless he would not have done, if he had had any design to carry it on by making it Publick. This Memorandum being true, the World has the Words of two Kings, that Bishop Gauden, and not King Charles, Composed this lying Book: For further proof, that Dr. Gauden writ this Book, take a Summary Account of some Papers relating, Eicon Ba­silice, now, or lately in the Hands of Mr. North, Merchant, living on Tower Hill, London; whereby it appears that Dr. Gauden, late Bishop of Exeter, and afterwards of Worcester, was the Author of that Book, and not King Charles I. as the World hath for above Forty Years been imposed upon to believe.

Mr. North is a worthy Person, and a Member of the Church of England; he, and Mr. Charles Gauden (the Bi­shop's Son) married two Sisters, and Mr. Gauden dying about Ten Years since, all his Papers were left with his Widow, and Mr. North having occasion to look them o­ver, for some relating to his Sister-in-laws affairs, found these relating to the Eicon Basilice, carefully tied up to­gether.

Mr. North, by reason of his Marriage, had many years acquaintance with Bishop Gauden's Family, and knows that the Bishop's Widow, at first gave them to her Dar­ling Son, Iohn Gauden, and upon his Death, they came to Mr. Charles Gauden. And further, that in his ma­ny years knowledge of that Family, it hath constantly, and without any manner of doubt, been declared, that the Bishop was the Author of the Book. There are seve­ral Letters and Papers, I shall briefly give the Contents of them, for the truth of which, I shall refer to the Ori­ginal Papers, and to those many reverend and worthy Persons, who have Read, or been at the Reading of them.

[Page 19]Bishop Gauden, at the time of King Charles the Second's Restauration, was incumbent of Bocking in Essex, and from that fat Parsonage was promoted to the Lean Bishoprick of Exeter, which he complain'd was not sufficient to keep up the Port of a Bishop, and thought that by his Merits he might lay claim to a better; and the Death of Dr. Duppa, Bishop of Winchester, being daily expected, he ap­ply'd himself to the King, with great Importunity, to be translated thither; pleading his Desert, which, as is evi­dent from the Papers I mention, could be no other than that of having written a Book which did such great Ser­vice to the Royal Family, that King Charles the 2d. thought himself oblig'd to promise him that Bishoprick, tho' when it became Void gave it to an other.

1. There is Letter from Sir Edward Nicholas, Secretary of State, to Dr. Gauden, dated January 1660, wrote by the King's Command, intimating the King had received his Letter, and that he should not have Cause to complain of his removal from Bocking.

2. In the Bishops Letter to Chancellor Hide, dated 28. December 1661, and his Petition to the King, the Bishop sets forth, That he had an high Rack [The Bishoprick of Exeter] but Empty Manger; and declares what hazards he had run of Life and Estate; and what great Advan­tage had accrued to the Crown by his Service: That what he had done was for Comforting and incouraging of the King's Friends, Exposing his Enemies, and converting, &c. He pleads that what was done like a King, should have a King­like Retribution; and Instances in the Cases of Joseph, Mordecai, and Daniel, who were Honoured and Rewarded for the Service they did to the Respective Princes, (tho' as he observes) they were Captives in a strange Land.

3. The Bishops Letter to the Duke of York, dated the 17th of January 1661: Strongly urges the great Services he had done, and Importunately Begs his Royal Highness, to intercede for him with the King.

[Page 20]4. There is an Original Letter from the Lord Chan­cellor Hide (all of his own hand writing) to the Bishop of Exeter, dated 13 th. of March 1661, importing, that the Chancellor had received several Letters from him: That he was uneasy under the Bishop's Importunity, ex­cuses his not being yet able to serve him; Speaks of an­nexing a Commendum to his Bishoprick; and towards the close it hath this remarkable Expression, The Particu­lar you mention, has indeed been imparted to me as a Se­cret; I am sorry I ever knew it, and When it ceases to be a Secret, it will please none but Mr. Milton. This is Subscribed, Edw. Hide, C.

5. Mrs. Gauden after the Death of the Bishop, writes to her Son Mr. John Gauden, That she had sent him an Hogs­head of Cyder, and Orders some Pictures to be sent her by the same Man.

In this Letter she speaks of the Book commonly call'd the Kings; she calls it the Jewel; and tells her Son, that her Husband hoped to make a Fortune by it, and wonders it should be doubted whether her Husband wrote it; but says, She has a Letter of a very Great Man's that will clear it up.

6. There is also a long Narrative of Mrs. Gauden's Hand-writing, shewing, that her Husband wrote the Book. This she sent to her Son, with the Letter, wherein she said, She had sent it that she might be a Clavis to him.

The Narrative sets forth, That after her Husband had wrote the Book, He shewed it to the Lord Capel, who ap­proved it, and was for the printing of it; but wished the King might have a Sight of it.

That an Opportunity was taken to Convey it to his Ma­jesty by the Lord Marquiss of Hertford, when He went to the Treaty at the Isle of Wight.

That the Marquiss after his Return from thence, told her Husband, that he gave the Book to the King; and his Majesty did not like it, but was for putting it out, not [Page 21] as his own, but another's. But it being Urged, That CROMWEL, and others of the Army, having got a great Reputation with the People, for Parts and Piety, it would do best to be in the King's Name. His Majesty took time to consider of it.

That the Marquiss told her Husband, He knew not what was become of the Papers; and said, God knows what will become of the King.

That her Husband not hearing the King's pleasure a­bout it, and finding Danger hastening on him, he having kept a Copy by him, sent it by one Mr. Symmonds, a per­secuted Minister, to the Press, together with a Letter. That Mr. Royston was the Painter, but did not know but the King wrote it: That part of it was seized in the Press, together with her Husband's Letter, and Mr. Sym­monds was taken.

Nevertherless the Work was carried on, and finished a few days after his Majesty's death: That when it was published, the Parliament was Enraged; and her Husband conceiving his Life and Estate to be in danger, fled to Sir John Wennworth's, near Yarmouth, intending thence to pass the Seas: But Mr. Symmonds falling sick, and dying soon after, not having been Examin'd, and it not being discovered that her Husband was concern'd in it, (the Letter which had been taken having no Name to it) he altered his purpose, and returned home.

That there was an Epistle at first intended: That the first Title was Suspisia Regalia, but changed to Eicon Ba­silice; and that there were two Chapters added.

That the Marquiss of Hertford, the Lord Capel, Bishop Duppa, and Bishop Morley, were at first the only Persons privy to it.

That after the King's Restoration, Dr. Morley told her Husband, That his Merit was such, that he could Ask nothing but he could receive it.

[Page 22]That Duppa, Bishop of Winchester, being very sick, her Husband went to the King, and acquainted him that He was the Author of the Book; and for the Truth thereof ap­pealed to Bishop Duppa, his Majesty's Tutor, who was yet living; and made an Apology for printing it, without his Majesty's Father's Order, or his; but pleaded the Circumstances of Time, and the King's danger.

That His Majesty told her Husband, That till then, He never knew that he wrote it, but thought it was his Father's; yet wondred how he could have time: And ob­served That it was wrote like a Scholar, as well as like a King; and said that if it had been published sooner, it might have saved his Fathers Life. That at the same time the King gave him a Promise of the Bishoprick of Winchester.

That when he afterwards acquainted the Duke of York That he was the Author of that Book, yet went under his Father's Name, the Duke answered, He thought his Fa­ther Wrote it. That her Husband then told his High­ness, that the King had promised him the Bishoprick of Winchester; and that his Highness assured him of his Fa­vour.

That Bishop Duppa dying, her Husband apply'd to the King upon his Promise; but Dr. Morley, (who had told her Husband that he might have what he would ask) got it; and her Husband was made Bishop of Worcester; but having enjoy'd it but about half a Year, fell Sick and Dyed.

That She Petitioned the King; setting forth, That her Husband left her a Widdow, with four Sons and a Daugh­ter: That it cost her Husband 200 l. to remove from Exeter to Worcester; and pray'd his Majesty to bestow the half Years Rents upon her, which he denied, and gave them to another.

Reader, take Notice, This is the Substance, tho' not perhaps the Express Words of Mrs. Gaudens Papers, and it [Page 23] could be wished, that the Papers themselves were made Publick, then this short account would be fully justified.

I cannot dismish this matter without admiring the re­markable Providence of God, in the several steps towards the Discovery thereof, which was the interest of so great a number of Men, to have for ever Concealed and Buri­ed. And

1. Had not Dr. Gauden been disappointed of the Bisho­prick of Winchester, we should never have heard of his compiling the Icon Basilice; nor would he ever have bragg'd, That he had done like a King, if he had had a King­like Retribution.

2. Had Mrs. Gauden but been made Bishop of Worcester for half an Year, she would probably have robb'd her Husband of the Glory of this Book, and suffered it to have been for ever a Iewel of the Crown.

That the World may have a further satisfaction in this matter, I shall give a short account of what the Reve­rend and Pious Dr. Walker, lately Rector of Feyfield in Essex, hath Written and Published a short time before he died, in Answer to the Ignorance and lying Impertinence of Dr. Hollingworth, Dr. Anthony Walker, in this Book call'd the True Account of the Author, of a Book Entitled, Icon Basilice, &c. gives the Reason of his Writing on this Subject. It was occasion'd by Dr. Hollingworth's Reproach­ful Charge on him, for declaring, That King Charles I. was not the Author of that Book. He secondly, solemnly appeals to the Searcher of Hearts, Avenger of Falshood, and Revealer of Secrets; that he will write nothing for Truth, that he was not thoroughly perswaded of, and that by as full Evidence as he judged such a matter of Fact wanted, and at such distance of Time, is capable of. Thirdly, that he will with undisguised openness, pro­duce the means of his Knowledge, the reasons of his Be­lief, and the probable Arguments upon which his opini­on is Grounded. His Word are these: Fol. 3. Sect. 11.

‘ Though God had many Holy, Righteous and Gracious ends to serve his Providence by, in the Publication of this Book; yet as I find it expressed in this very Book, Chap. the last p. 262. of the first Edition. God's wise Providence (we know) oft permits many Events, which his revealed Word, in no sort approves. And, I confess, I have many cogent reasons to persuade me, that God was not well pleased with Dr. Gau­den, others, or my self; for what we contributed to it. And though for the aforesaid ends, he suffered it to succeed, yet I know not but he may have other ends now to serve, by suffering this Discovery to be Wrung, and rested from me, (I had almost said) by some Bodies (viz. Hollingworths) Impertinent Affection, to meddle with what he understands not.’ Thus spake that good Man.

I had not enlarged so much on this 21 st. Article, but that I was desirous of giving full satisfaction to the World, of the Real Author of Eicon Basilice.

That Posterity might not be deceived by the many Impudent, Ignorant, False, and Scandalous Assertions of most of the Clergy, and too many of the Laity, who to their Eternal Shame have taken more care and pains to defend that Book, and its pretended Author King Charles I. than they done to Vindicate the Holy Bible, and the Truth of the Christian Religion.

22. That caused the Star-Chamber and High-Com­mission-Courts to be made Use of, to the general Grie­vance of the People of England, and was unwilling to part with them, till he found these Courts were highly offensive to the Parliament, and that it was not Season­able to displease the Kingdom at that time, for which Reasons at last he pass'd the Bills to take them away: And indeed there were many, and great Reasons, why those abominable oppressive Courts should be pull'd down, [Page 28] and taken away. For that Old Serpent Arch-Bishop Laud, and divers of his Brethren, had cast off all Humanity, and were metamorphosed into Ravenous Wolves, and these Courts were under their Management. The Star-Cham­ber had abounded in Extravagant Censures, whereby the Subjects were oppress'd by Grievious Fines, Imprison­ments, Stigmatizings, Mutilations, Whippings, Pillories, Gags, Banishments, &c. And the High Commission Court, was grown to such Excess of Sharpness and Severity, as was not much less than the Spanish Inquisition. To re­peat two or three of the many Instances of the Horrid Oppressions, and barbarous Cruelty, exercised in these Tyrannical Courts.

Upon the 17 th. of February, 1629. Dr. Leighton com­ing out of Black Fryers Church, (it seems then he was no Conventicler) was seized by a Warrant from the High Commission Court, and dragged to Bishop Laud's House; from thence without any Examination, he was carried to New-gate, and there clapt into Irons, and thrust into a Nasty Hole, where he continued from Tuesday Night, till Thursday Noon, without Meat or Drink: They kept him in that loathsome Place, where Snow and Rain beat in upon him Fifteen Weeks, not permitting his Wife, or any Friend, to come near him, and denyed to give him a Copy of his Commitment; then they brought him into the Star-Chamber Court, where an Information was Exhibited a­gainst him, for Publishing a Book, call'd, Lyon's Plea against the Prelates.

Dr. Leighton confess'd, that in 1628. He drew up the Heads of that Book, and having the approbation of five hundred Persons, under their hands, some whereof were Parliament Men. He went into Holland, and got between five and six hundred Printed for the use of the Parliament; but they being Dissolved, he returned home, not bring­ing any of them into the Land, but made it his special care [Page 29] to suppress them. In the same information, the Doctor was charged with these Words in the said Book; We do not read of greater Persecutions of God's People in any Nation professing the Gospel, then in this our Island, especially since the Death of Queen Elizabeth. He confessed the Words, and Answered, That the thing was too true, as appeared by the Prelates taking away Life and Livelihood from many M [...]nisters and private Men; of whom, many were pined to Death in Prison, and many wandred up and down, their Families being left desolate and helpless: That besides this, the Blood of Souls had been endanger'd by the Removal of the Faithful Shepheards from the Flock; this was a cutting Truth. And

Wicked Laud, being enraged, Desired the Court to put the highest Censure that could be put upon him; which they did to his Content, Condemning him to have his Ears cut, his Nose slit, to be Branded in the Face, Whipped at a Post, to stand on a Pillory, to pay Ten Thousand Pound fine (tho' they knew he was not worth so much) and to be perpetually Im­prisoned. This Hellish Sentence being past, that vile Wretch Laud was so well pleased with it, that he pull'd of his Cap, and holding up his Hands, gave thanks to God who had gi­ven him Victory over his Enemies. This Sentence being so miserably severe, the Execution thereof was little expe­cted. But,

Laud had his design; for upon the 26 th. of November, 1630. The Censure was Executed in a most cruel manner, His Ears were cut, his Nose slit, his Face Branded with burn­ing Irons, he was tyed to a Post, and Whipped with a treble Cord, to that cruel Degree, that he himself Writing the History thereof Ten Years after, affirmed that every lash brought away the Flesh, and that he should feel it to his dying day. He was lastly, put into the Pillory, and kept there near two hours in Frost and Snow; and then, after this most barbarous Usage, not permitted to return to his Quarters [Page 30] in the Fleet Prison, in a Coach provided to carry him, but compelled in that sad Condition, and severe Season, to go by Water.

After this, was kept Ten Weeks in Dirt and Mire, not being sheltered from Rain and Snow; They shut him up most closely, Twenty Two Months, and he remain'd a Prison­er Ten or Eleven Tears, not suffered to breath in the open Air, until that Noble Parliament of November, 1640. most hap­pily delivered him. When he came abroad to prosecute his Petition, in that Parliament, he could neither Go, See, nor Hear.

This Dismal Story, will be an Eternal Blot, not only on Laud, who was the chief Instrument in that sad Oppression, but also upon the pretended Martyr King Charles, for per­mitting such Barbarous, and inhumane Cruelties to be ex­ercised on his Subjects. I shall shew you something mo [...]e of this Bloody Villains Barbarity, viz.

That upon the first of February, 1632. Laud procured Mr. Prin, to be sent close Prisoner to the Tower, there he lay till the 21 st. of June, 1633. when an Information (with­out mentioning any particular Passages in his Book) was exhibited against him, in the Star Chamber Court, for Publishing a Book concerning Interludes, intitled. Histrio­mastix, which was Licensed by a Chaplain of Dr. Abbatts, Archbishop of Canterbury. Upon the 17 th. of February, 1633. notwithstanding his Book was Licensed, yet he had this heavy Sentence passed upon him, viz. To be Im­prisoned for Life, pay Five Thousand Pounds Fine, be Expell­ed Lincolns-Inn, Disabled to Exercise the Prosession of a Barrister, Degraded by the University of Oxford of his Degrees there taken; and that done, to be set in the Pillory at Westminster, and have one of his Ears there cut off, and at another time, to be set in the Pillory in Cheap-side, and there to have his other Ear cut off.

[Page 31]Though many of the Lords never dreamt of the Exe­cution of this Horrid Judgment, nay, though Queen Hen­rietta Maria, (which deserves an Honourable Mention) and she shall have it, for She was the present King's Royal Grandmother, earnestly interceded with, the Biggotted, Cru­el, and Merciless King, (who was an abominable T—) to remit its Execution; yet on the 7th. and 10 th. of May, it was fully Executed with great Rigour, and Mr. Prin remain'd Sundry Tears in the Tower upon this censure.

Mr. Burton, and Dr. Bastwrick, were also without the least just cause violently prosecuted after the same man­ner; it will be too tedious to relate theirs and others un­christian uses; when Tyranny and Arbitrary Power were Rampant.

23. That against the Law of Nature, against the Rules of Justice, falsely charged those Innocent Men, the Noble Lord Mandeville, Mr. Hollis, Mr. Strode, and others, with Treason, for which in the Face of the Highest Judicature in the Kingdom, they were most unjustly Imprisoned, the King denying them the Names of their Accusers; and which was an Act of Tyranny beyond Parrallel, He accused them, and yet would produce no Witness, he confessed them clear in his own Judgment, yet they must not profess their own Innocen­cy for fear of wounding his Honour.

24. That was not satisfied with Imprisoning and Op­pressing some of the Parliament Men, but tempted and in­couraged his English Army, with no less than the Spoil of the City of London, to come up and destroy the Parliament. He in an Hostile and inexcusable manner, made a most high In­vasion upon the Priviledges of both Houses; Hereupon ma­ny Citizens unarm'd, resorted to Westminster to present their Petitions, and express their stedfastness to the Par­liament, whose Lives and Safety, by more than slight Ru­mours, they doubted to be in Danger; the King having fortified White-Hall, and entertained Armed Men, not a [Page 32] few, planted them at the Gate of his Palace. ['Tis remark­able, the first Blood that was drawn in this Cause, was in that very place where the King's own Blood was after­wards shed, 1 K. 21. 19.] where they Reviled, Menaced, and with drawn Swords, actually Wounded many of the Citizens, as they passed by in a peaceable manner, where­of some dyed. Nay, they went farther, and were come to that height of Boldness, as to give out Insolent and Me­nacing Speeches against the Parliament it self, and to im­brue their hands in the Blood of the King's Subjects in West­minster-Hall, and at the Doors of the Parliament, as well as at his own Gate. And when the Parliament and People complain'd, and demanded Justice for those Assaults, the King justified and abetted his own Crew in what they did.

Nor can the passing by of a multitude of the King's Subjects, armed with no other Weapons then Petitions, be justly call'd Tumults; neither could the Parliament have for­bid them, without the Breach of the Peoples Freedom. Unarmed Petitioners surely could not be formidable to any; and it must not be forgotten, that a very short time before His Majesty pretended to dread these Tumultuary Citi­zens, the City Entertained, Feasted, and Conducted him to White-Hall, with as pompous Sollemnity, and costly Expres­sions of Love and Duty, as ever had been known. Nay, af­ter he had highly exasperated the People by his Irruption with the House of Commons, he went in his Coach un­guarded into the City: He received not the lest Affront, much less, Violence in any of the Streets, but rather hum­ble Demeanours and Supplications. He knew the Peo­ple so full of Awe and Reverence to his Person, as to commit himself single amongst the thickest of them, at a time when had most provoked them: This shews be­yond doubt, That all his fear of Tumults, was but a meer pretence, and occasions taken for his resolved Absence from [Page 33] the Parliament, that he might turn his slashing at the Court Gate, to slaughtering in the Field. In order thereunto, the King retires first to Hampton Court, com­manding his Servants, who were then Members of Parliament, to leave their service there, and to give their Attendance upon his Person. Soon after, his Popish Queen passes into Holland, carrying with her, all, or the the greatest part of the Crown Jewels, which she immedi­ately Pawn'd, and with the Money bought Arms and Ammunition for the War which was not yet begun.

Upon the 1 st. of March, 1641. Both Houses called upon His Majesty, by their Petition presented at Theobalds; That for the Dispatch of the great Affairs of the Kingdom, the safety of his Person, the Protection and Comfort of his Subjects, he would be pleased to continue his abode, near the Parliament, and not to with-draw himself to any of the re­moter Parts, which if he should do, must needs be a cause of great danger and distraction; and they pray'd him to accept this humble Counsel, as the Effect of that Duty and Allegi­ance which they ow'd unto him, and which would not suffer them to admit of any thoughts, intentions, or endeavours, but such as were necessary and advantagious for His Majesties Greatness and Honour, and the Safety and Prosperity of the Kingdom. These are Expressions surely, that did not in the least savour of that Sedition and Rebellion, with which our wicked Clergymen, charge the Memory of this Great and Noble Parliament.

The King willingly giving himself up to the Conduct of Evil Counsellors, was deaf to the importunate suppli­cation of the Lords and Commons for his Return; they therefore called again upon him more earnestly, and sent after him a Declaration to New-Market, by the Earls of Pembrook and Holland, and a Committee of the Commons, wherein they laid before him the Causes of their own Fears and Jealousies, in these particulars:

[Page 34]1. That the design of altering Religion, had been potent­ly carried on, by those in greatest Authority about him; the Queen's Agent at Rome, the Pope's Nuncio here, are not only Evidences of this Design, but have been great Actors in it.

2. That the War with Scotland, was procured to make way for this Intent, and chiefly fomented by the Papists, and others Popishly affected, whereof we have many Evidences.

3. That the Rebellion in Ireland, was framed and contri­ved here in England; and that the English Papists should have risen about the same time: We have several Testimo­nies, &c. The Irish Rebels affirm, That they do nothing but by Authority from the King; they call themselves the Queen's Army; the Booty which they take from the English, they mark with the Queen's mark, and it is proved, that their purpose was to come to England, after they had done in Ire­land.

4. The labouring to infuse into Your Majesties Subjects an evil Opinion of the Parliament, and other Symptons of a dis­position of raising Arms, and dividing your People by a Civil War, in which Combustion, Ireland must needs be lost, and this Kingdom miserably wasted and consumed, if not wholly ruined and destroyed.

5. That Your Majesty sent away the Lord Digby by your own Warrant beyond Sea, after a Vote had passed in the House of Commons, Declaring, That he had appear'd in a Warlike manner at Kingston upon Thames, to the terror of your Ma­jesties good Subjects; that he being so got beyond Sea, he vented his traiterous Conceptions, that Your Majesty should declare your Self, and retire to a place of Strength, and inti­mated some service which he might do in those parts, whereby, in probability, he intended the procuring of some Foreign Force to strengthen Your Majesty, in that Condition into which he would have brought you; which malicious Counsel, we have great cause to doubt, made too deep an Impression in Your Maje­sty, [Page 35] considering the course you are pleased to take, of ab­senting your Self from that Parliament, and carrying the Prince with you, which seems to express a purpose in Your Ma­jesty to keep your Self in a readiness for the Acting of it.

6. The manifold Advertisements which we have had from Rome, Venice, Paris, and other parts, That they still ex­pect that Your Majesty has some great design in hand, for the altering of Religion, the breaking the Neck of your Parliament, and that you will yet find means to compass that design; that the Pope's Nuncio hath sollicited the Kings of France and Spain to lend Your Majesty 4000 Men a piece, to help to maintain your Royalty against the Parliament.

These are some of the grounds of our Fears and Jealousies, which made us so earnestly to implore your Royal Authority and Protection for our Defence, and security, in all the ways of Hu­mility and Submission, which being denyed by Your Majesty, We do with sorrow apply our selves to the use of that Power [ viz. the Militia] which by the Fundamental Laws of this Kingdom, resides in us; yet still resolving to keep our selves within the Bounds of Faithfullness, and Alle­giance to your Sacred Person and your Crown.

And as to the Fears and Jealousies which His Majesty seem'd to have Entertained of them.

The Lords and Commons thus Answered.

We have according to Your Majesties desires, laid our hands upon our Hearts; we have asked our selves in the strictest Ex­amination of our Consciences; we have searched our Affections, our Thoughts; considered our Actions, and can find none that can give Your Majesty any just Occasion to absent your self from White-Hall, and the Parliament; but that you may with more Honour and Safety continue there, than in any other place.

Your Majesty lays a great Charge upon Us; if you will gra­ciously be pleased to let us know the Particulars, we shall give a clear and satisfactory Answer: But what hope can we have of ever giving Your Majesty satisfaction, when those particu­lars [Page 36] which you have been made believe were true, yet being produced and made known to us, appeared to be false; and Your Majesty notwithstanding, will neither Punish, nor Pro­duce the Authors: But go on to contract new Jealousies and Fears, upon general and uncertain Grounds, affording Us no means or possibility of particular Answer, to the clearing of our selves. We beseech Your Majesty to consider in what state you are, how easie and fair a way You have to Happi­ness, Honour, and Greatness, Plenty and Security, if you will joyn with the Parliament in the Defence of the Religion, and publick good of the Kingdom; this is all we expect from you. And for this we return to you, our Lives, Fortunes, and ut­most Endeavours to support Your Majesty, Your just Power and Soveraignty over us; but it is not Words that can secure us in these our humble Desires. We cannot, but too well and sorrowfully remember, what Gracious Messages we had from You this Summer, when with your Privity, the bring­ing up the Army was in Agitation: We cannot but with the like Affections recall to our Minds, how, not two days before your own coming to the Commons House, You sent a Gracious Message, that You would always have a care of their Privi­ledges, as of your own Prerogative; of the safety of their Per­sons, as of your own Children: That which we expect, which will give us Assurance, that you have no thought but of Peace and Justice to your People, must be some real effect of your Goodness to them, in granting those things which your present necessity of the Kingdom do inforce us to desire; and that you will be Graciously pleased to put from you those Mis­chievous Counsellors, which have caused all these Dangers and Distractions, and to continue your own Residence and the Princes, near London and the Parliament, which we hope will be an happy beginning of Contentment and Confidence be­twixt Your Majesty and People, and be followed with many succeeding Blessings of Honour and Greatness to Your Majesty, and of Security and Prosperity to them. These are brief [Page 37] Heads of the Declaration, to which the King Answered: Have I violated your Laws? To which both Houses made this pertinent Reply. We are heartily sorry We have such plentiful Matter of an Answer to that Question, Have I vio­lated your Laws?

I must also take Notice, that in the beginning of the Year, 1642. a time when the King was in appearance transacting matters amicably with the two Houses, and we seemed to be in a deep Peace; a time when he Decla­red, That he had received no other Carriage from his Par­liament, than what he professed himself satisfied with; and that if the Bills he had past, were again to be offered, he should cheerfully and readily Assent unto them. Even then, he dispatch'd away Letters, and an Agent to the King of Denmark, complaing of the Parliament, and asking Sup­plies from thence, AD PROPUL SANDOS HO­STES, you know the English of that is, to Subdue his E­nemies, and declared himself in these Words; Ad allia Consilia Animum Convertendum Duximus: We resolve to be­take our selves to new Counsels. The very Words he used to that Parliament in the Year, 1628.

Further, upon the discovery of his Plot to bring up the English Army against the Parliament, he turn'd to the Scottish Army then at New Castle, and baited his Tempta­tion with a rich Reward, not only to have 300000 l. in hand, and the spoil of London, but four Northern Counties to be made Scotists. Moreover, to encourage them to joyn with him, he Declared to them, That he was to have Money and Horse from Denmark, and that he would make York the place of his Residence, for the better accommodation of both Nations, or fuller Revenge upon London.

He also gathered Men in London, under pretence of raising Forces for Portugal, who were to possess themselves of the Tower. The Queen in Holland was buying Arms, and His Majesty had actually raised Forces in divers [Page 38] Counties. The Parliament was all this time Petitioning in Peace; and for the Reasons now assigned amongst ma­ny others, They humbly besought him, that he would be plea­sed to put the Tower of London, and the Militia, into the Hands of such Persons, as should be recommended unto him by both Houses of Parliament. The King seemed to comply herein, and by his Answer promised them, That the Mi­litia should be put into such Hands, as they should approve of, or recommend to him; hereupon both Houses nominated Persons of the greatest Honour, as fit for that Trust. I shall give you the Names of some of them; The Earls of Holland, Rutland, Bedford, Bullingbrook, Salisbury, War­wick, Pembrook, Leicester, Stamford, Essex, Clare, Nor­thumberland, Lincoln, Suffolk, &c. Lords, Paget, North, Strange, Roberts, Grey of Werk, Chandois, Dacres, Man­deville, Wharton, Spencer, Brook, Herbert, Fielding, Lit­tleton, Lord Keeper, &c. Men Eminent in all Qualifica­tions of Honour and Sufficiency were recommended for several Counties, and the King was desired to agree there­unto, as he had promised; upon his delaying to give a sa­tisfactory Answer, they again Petition, setting forth, That nothing could enable them to suppress the Rebellion in Ireland, and secure England, but the granting of their Humble Peti­tion, which they find so absolutely necessary for the pre­servation of the King and Common-wealth, that the Laws of God and Man injoin them to see it put in Execution. They followed him to Theobalds, and his several removes to York, but he having Abdicated the Parliament, and being deaf to all their Importunities, they declared, That there had been of late a most desperate Design upon the House of Com­mons, which they had just cause to believe was an effect of the Bloody Councels of Papists, and other evil affected Persons, who had already raised a Rebellion in Ireland, and by rea­son of many Discoveries, They could not but fear they would pro­ceed, not only to stir up the like Rebellion and Insurrection in [Page 39] this Kingdom, but also to back them with Forces from A­broad; and thereupon, both Houses made an Ordinance for the ordering of the Militia of England and Wales, there ap­pearing an urgent and inevitable necessity for putting His Majesties Subjects in a posture of Defence for the Safe­guard of both His Majesty and his People; and they re­solved, That in this Case of extream danger, and of His Ma­jesties Refusal, the Ordinance agreed to by both Houses for the Militia, doth oblige the People, and ought to be obeyed by the Fundamental Laws of this Kingdom. They further a­bout that time Resolved, That the King's Absence so far re­mote from his Parliament, was not only an Obstruction, but might be a Destruction to the Affairs of Ireland.

These (and many other) Reasons that may, with the greatest ease be given, 'tis notoriously manifest, That King Charles began, and carryed on, that Bloody Civil War against his poor Subjects without the least Colour of Reason and Justice, for which wicked Acts, God justly suf­fered him to be brought to that shameful and untimely End. This King studdying and endeavouring by all ways imagina­ble, as he lived without the Love, so he died without the Lamentation of most People, but those Villains, that had been large instruments, in bringing him, and his People, into that miserable War and Division.

25. That after he had taken God to Witness of his rea­diness to Treat at Uxbridge with the Parliament for avoid­ing of Blood-shed (as pretended) he took the advantage of a Mist, the fittest Weather for Deceit and Treachery, and followed at the Heels, those Messengers of Peace, with a Train of Covert War, and with a Bloody surprise falls on the Parliaments secure Forces, which lay Quartering at Brentford, in the thoughts and expectation of a Treaty.

He gives his Reason why he seemed for Peace, in a Let­ter to his Queen, which was, That She must know as a certain Truth, That all, even his Party, are strongly impati­ent [Page 40] for a Peace, which oblidged him so much the more to shew on all occasions his Intentions to Peace; but tells her, no dan­ger of Death shall make him do any thing unworthy of her Love. An excellent Resolution no doubt, for the pre­serving the Protestant Religion, made to his Popish Queen.

At the very instant of this Treaty, which was in 1644. the King used all imaginable meams to bring not only Foreign Forces, but the Irish Cut Throats, against the Parliament. To clear up this point, and also to shew how insincere he was in his pretended Intentions of Peace, I will briefly pre­sent his Underhand Transactions, as well with Foreign Princes, as those Rebels; and in the first place, I shall take notice of some passages between Him and the Queen, in relation to this, and other Treaties.

In a Letter to Her of January 9 th. 1644. he Writes thus: The Scots Commissioners have sent to me to send a Com­mission to their General Assembly, Which I am resolved not to do, but to the end of making some use of this occasion, by sending an honest Man to London, and that I may have the more time for a handsome Negative, I have demand­ed a Pasport for Phil. Warwick, by whom to return my Answer.

At another time the same Month He tells Her, That as for my calling those a He had agree to Treat with them as a Parliament, the Queen upbraided him for so doing, and he thus vindicates him­self. Parliament, if there had been but Two of my Opinion, I had not done it; the calling did no ways acknow­ledge them to be a Parliament, upon which condition and construction I did it, and ac­cordingly it is registred in the Council Books.

Nothing is more evident, than that the King was steered by the Queen's Council, in the manage­ment of this Uxbridge Treaty, and that which is call'd the Church of England [ The Bishops] was greatly her care. By Letter in January 1644. before the beginning of that Treaty, She instructs him not to abandon those who have served [Page 41] him, lest they forsake him in his need; that She hopes he will have a care of her, and her Religion; that in Her Majesties Opinion, Religion should be the last thing upon which he should Treat; for if he do agree upon strickness against the Catholicks, it would discourage them to serve him, and if after­wards there should be no Peace, he could never expect succours from Ireland, or any other Catholick Prince.

In another of her Letters, we find her writing thus: January 17. 1644. It comforts me much to see the Treaty shall be at Uxbridge.— I received Yesterday Letters from the Duke of Lorrain, who sends me word, if his service be agree­able to you, he will bring 10000 Men.— Above all, have a care not to abandon those who have served you, as well the Bi­shops, as the poor Catholicks.

By the King's Letters to the Queen in February, when the Treaty at Uxbridge was depending, He Stiles the Par­liament, Unreasonable, Stubborn, Perfidious Rebels, pres­ses her to hasten all possible Assistance to him, particular­ly that of the Duke of Lorrain. He tells her, That the limitted days for treating are now almost expired, without the least Agreement upon any one Article, wherefore I fend for enlargement of days, That the whole Treaty may be laid open to the whole World, and I assure thee, thou needst not doubt the Issue of this Treaty; for my Commissio­ners are so well chosen, (though I say it) that they will neither be Threatned nor Disputed from the Grounds I have given them, which (upon my Word) Is according to the little Note thou so well remembers.—Be confident, that in making Peace, I shall ever shew my Constancy in adhere­ing to Bishops, and all our Friends, (which could be meant of no other than the Catholicks; for the Queen in her Letter before mentioned, had given him Charge of both together) and not forget to put a short Period to this per­petual Parliament.

[Page 42]We find in another Letter, Dated the 5 th. of March, ex­pressing himself in these Words: I have thought of one means more to furnish Thee with my assistance, than hitherto thou hast had; it is, That I give Thee power to promise in my Name, that I will If this were so good a King, Why so much clamour against King James the II. for design­ing the same thing. take away all the Penal Laws against the Roman Catholicks in Eng­land, as soon as God shall enable me to do it.

In relation to Ireland, he wrote to the Marquess of Ormond to this Effect, Jan. 7.

The Rebells here have agreed to Treat, and most assured­ly one of the first and chiefest Articles they will insist on, will be, To continue the Irish War, which is a Point not popular for me to break on, of which you are to make a double use; First, To hasten with all possible diligence the Peace there, the timely conclusion of which will take off that Inconvenience, which otherwise I may be subject to, by the Refufal of that Article upon any other Reason; Secondly, By dexterous conveying to the Irish, the danger there may be of their Total Exclusion from those Favours I intend them, in case the Rebells here clap up a Peace.

Not doubting of a Peace, I must again remember you, to press the Irish for their speedy Assistance to Me here, and their Friends in Scotland.— I desire that the Irish would send as great a Body as they can, to Land about Cumber­land, which will put those Northern Counties in a brave Con­dition.

Upon the 14 th. January, he Writes thus to the Queen: As for the Peace of Ireland, to shew Thee the Care I have had of it, and Fruits I hope to receive from it, I have sent Thee the last Dispatches, I have sent concerning it.— For God's sake, let none know the particulars of my Dispatches. [ Some secret piece of Villany against his Pro­testant Subjects no Doubt, that he was so affraid of having it Discovered.]

[Page 43]Another Letter to Her of the 20 th. of March, hath this Expression: I find that thou much mistakes me concerning Ire­land, I desire nothing more than a Peace there, and ever for­bid thy Commerce there.

By another Lettter, he commanded Ormond to Dispatch the Irish Peace out of hand, and thereby promises, that the Penal Laws, against the Roman Catholicks, Shall not be put in Execution: The Peace being made, and that when the Irish give him that Assistance which they have promi­sed for the suppression of this Rebellion, then he would con­sent to the Repeal of them by a Law; and Concludes, Re­commending to him again, the speedy dispatch of the Peace of Ireland.

Another Letter to Ormond, upon the 27 th. of February 1644. was, That he thought himself bound in Conscience, not to lose that assistance which he might hope from his Irish Sub­jects, for such scruples as in a less pressing condition might rea­sonably be struck at by him, and therefore Commanded him to conclude a Peace with the Irish whatever it cost; so that his Protestant Subjects there might be secured, and his Regal Au­thority preserved.— If the present taking away the Penal Laws against Papists will do it (said he) I shall not think it a hard Bargin, so that freely and vigourously they en­gage themselves in my Assistance against my Rebells of England and Scotland, for which no Conditions can be too hard, not being against Conscience or Honour.

By another Letter to the Marquess of Ormond, in the same Month, he Writes thus: Now again, I cannot but men­tion the necessity of hastning the Irish Peace, for which, I hope, you are already furnished by Me, with Materials sufficient. But in case (against all Expectation and Reason) Peace cannot be had upon those Terms, you must not by any means fall to a New Rupture with them, but continue the Cessation.

[Page 44] There was at this time high Di­vision in London, be­tween the Presbyte­rians and Indepen­dants; therefore to ruin both, by fo­menting misunder­standings between them, the Indepen­dants are to be Ca­joled; a thing wor­thy remembrance in all times. He wrote to the Duke of Richmond, one of his Com­missioners for the Uxbridge Treaty, To re­member to Cajole well the Independants and the Scots; nay, he instructed Secre­tary Nicholas to bribe the Commissioners for the Parliament, with the promise of Security, Rewards and Places.

Now upon the whole matter, let any impartial and unbyassed Person tell me, whether he doth not in his Conscience believe, that the Parliament were far more sincere in making an Honourable Peace for poor England, than this apparently, False, Popish, and tricking King, whom the wicked part of Mankind so madly cry up for a Martyr.

26. That for many Reasons it was concluded, That King Charles had no small share in the abominable Act of Poysoning his own Father, King James I. and that Good Man, Prince Henry, his Son. It being very plain, divers Parliaments were but short lived; if they did but mutter, that an Enquiry should be made of their untimely Ends, and that the Duke of Buckingham was protected for that, and other Villanies.

And that I may Demonstrate to the World more fully than I have already done in the 6 th. Articles, That King Charles I. did most Dishonourably and Perfidiously Betray the poor Protestants of the Isle of Rhee and Rochel. I shall produce Copies of two of his Letters to them.

And on the 21 st. in the Morning, there came to Rochell from England, a Soldier bringing another Letter from the King, Dated 27 th. of May Old Stile, sealed with the Arms of England, which was as followeth:

Whosoever shall carefully Read, and Consider these two Letters, and the Sollemn Declarations there, and observe how contrary to his Royal Word, he Sacrificed these Poor Protestants, will have cause to harbour the worst of thoughts of this King, and to blush at the horrid Impudence and Im­piety of those Wicked Wretches, that would make a Saint and a Martyr of him. And to demonstrate this Treachery, I shall incert a Copy of the Remonstrance made by one of the Deputies of the City of Rochel, because it will very much illustrate the Subject, and be as an Eternal mark of Infamy to the Memory of that Prince, and deserves to be Engraven on Brass, and Wrote on Marble, that so the Re­membrance of it may never be lost; it is as followeth.