STRANGERS.

CYrus Cyrus. was wont to say, That those that do no good to themselves, are constrained to do good to o­thers. He meant in my opinion, to their Heirs, whom they en­ [...]ched by their covetousness; though Eras­ [...]us hath taken it in another Sence.

Being yet a Child, he told Astyages who would perswade him to drink Wine, That [...]e feared it was Poyson, having observed that [...]rinces reeling, and other strange disorders in [...]is drunkenness.

He said, One is not worthy to command, [...]nless he be better, or worthier than those he [...]s to command. At least in the Art of Go­vernment, [Page 2] for it is possible that an ill man ma [...] have Qualifications fit to Govern, Strangers. which ho [...]nest men are not always furnish'd with, thoug [...] he cannot have them all unless he be virtuou [...]

He would not suffer the Persians to qu [...] their barren and mountainous Country, [...] possess a more fruitful one; For fear, said he that should soften their courage: as if th [...] Spirits of men did change with the Nature o [...] the Soil, as well as Plants.

He would not be perswaded to let a beauti [...]ful Woman be brought into his presence th [...] he might see her, while she was his Prisoner [...] For fear, said he, lest I should become a slave [...] my slave.

His Steward asking what he would have [...] be made ready for his Dinner, while his Arm [...] was on a march? Some bread, replies he, for mean to encamp by a River; To intimat [...] that all Luxury should be laid aside in a tim [...] of War.

He said at his dying, he could not be pe [...]swaded that the Soul which had been able t [...] subsist so long in a mortal body, could possi [...]bly perish when it was freed from it.

Cresus Cresus. at the taking of Sardes, seeing th [...] Soldiers plunder and destroy every thing, ask [...]ed Cyrus what they were doing? They ar [...] plundering your Riches, said he. Nay, ra­ther yours, replied Cresus, for the Treasures of the vanquished are the Conquerors. This made him stop them from their pillaging.

Darius Darius. said, That dangers made him be­come wise, because they awaken our atten­tion, [Page 3] and encrease our Experience.

Some body upon the opening of a Granade [...]pple, asking him, of what would you de­ [...]e to have as many as here are Kernels? he [...]swered, as many Friends. 'Tis that indeed [...]hich Kings stand most in need of, because of [...]e multitude of Flatterers.

One of his Subjects having horribly torn [...]d mangled his face and body to gain credit [...]ith the Babylonians, who were revolted, and [...] that means insinuated himself, and recove­ [...]d the City for him by that artifice, he ex­ [...]essed much discontent, and said, he would [...]ther have lost ten Babylons, than one such [...]riend; or he would rather see Babylon again [...] the Rebels hands, than see his true Friend in [...]at condition.

His Treasurers having setled the Taxes as [...]irly and equally as they could; let them a­ [...]te one half yet, said he, that the burthen be [...]sie.

The last King of Persia, admiring the Vir­ [...]es of Alexander: If the Gods, said he, will [...]ke this Empire from me, may they give it to one other but him.

Xerxes Xerxes. having reduced the Babylonians to [...]eir duty, brought all manner of Luxury and [...]ebauchery in fashion, instead of the Exercise [...] Arms they used before; To prevent them, [...] he, from making a second revolt. There [...]ing nothing that so much effeminates the [...]urage as debauchery.

Having a Present made him of Figs from [...]hens, let us forbear rasting them, said he, [Page 4] till we have conquer'd the Country that pro [...]duces them; To teach us to despise Forreig [...] Curiosities.

He said to those that admired to see hi [...] weep when he considered the infinite number of men that were in his Army; It is becau [...] that of this swarm of thousands, there shal [...] not one of them be living one hundred year hence.

Intending to pass over into Greece, he calle [...] all his Generals and Governors of Provinc [...] together, and told them, that he had not su [...]moned them to that place to hear their Opin [...]ons, but to tell them his. It had been mo [...] modest to let them guess that, then to [...] them so; for the burthen of subjection shoul [...] be made as easie as possible.

Being unable to force a passage, he cried o [...] he had a great Army, and but a few Soldiers and Arthemisa having acted wonders at the b [...]tle of Salamina, he said, the Men were turn [...] Women, and the Women Men.

Artaxerxes Artaxerxes Longima­nus. said, that it was more worth for a Prince to give than to receive: Becau [...] Riches and Liberality is the portion of t [...] Great, and cannot be exercised by Inferiors.

When his great Lords committed a [...] faults, he caused their Garments to be whi [...] instead of them: To punish them, said [...] by their own shame. In the East, the Gr [...]dees are wont to be punished like Rascals, a [...] suffer the same as their Slaves.

One of his Officers having been promis [...] a sum of money, if he could obtain a thing [Page 5] [...]im that was unjust, upon his Petition gave [...]im the like sum of money, but would not grant his Petition; For I will shew my self [...]beral, said he, but not unjust. This is the [...]ore noble, because great men most commonly gratifie their own Officers out of other mens [...]urses.

Themistocles taking Sanctuary under his pro­ [...]ection after his banishment: May the Gods, [...]aid he, inspire all my Enemies with the like [...]houghts and resolutions, viz. of banishing [...]heir ablest Counsellors.

As some would have hindred Cyrus the younger, Cyrus the younger. who made war upon his Brother, to be present in the battle; a Prince, said he, who pretends to Empire must not shew himself unworthy to possess it: Especially [...]uch a Conqueror as he, who needed but have [...]emained at home if he feared ought.

Having amongst many other Curtesans brought him a Grecian Woman, who would not accept of his Caresses; 'tis for that, said he, that she deserves them most.

His Brother permitted every one to ap­proach him, Artaxerxes M [...]mnon. and one day a Peasant presenting him some water in the palm of his hand, be­cause they were not to come to their Persian Kings empty handed, and he had nothing else to offer him, he rewarded him [...] and said, he re­garded the Will and not the Gift.

Another having presented him some Fruit of an extraordinary bigness, he said, that he that could improve his Fruits so well, might as well improve his Government, and make a [Page 6] little State become a great one, and thereupo [...] gave him a Government; and yet there ar [...] good Gardiners that would make but very [...] Governours; though we may truly say, tha [...] the industry of man is like a general For [...] that is applicable to all things.

He caused the Queen to ride thorough th [...] Cities in an open Chariot unvailed, contrar [...] to the Custom of those Countries: That th [...] Faces of their Sovereigns, said he, be no Stran­gers to the People. In the Greek it is to b [...] the more accessible.

Being compelled upon a Retreat to eat dr [...] Figs, and Barley bread, his Provisions having been plundered, Great Gods, said he, what [...] happiness have I been hitherto deprived of thorough too much plenty? That shews tha [...] where there is the least Cookery, the appetit [...] is the sooner satisfied.

Thus having in an extremity of Thirst [...] drunk puddled water; he said, he had never drunk any that relished better to him.

He said, to a man that spoke ill of him, you have the liberty to say what you list, and I to do what I list. It is a becoming Act to de­spise Injuries, when one hath the power to pu­nish them.

A rash young Fellow that belonged to his Court, having had his Coat torn off from his back in hunting, had the insolence to ask him for his. I give it thee, said he, but with this injunction, never to wear it. To take away the scandal of a covetous refusal, and yet main­tain his Dignity, for Monarchs of old wore a [Page 7] peculiar Habit, which other People were for­ [...]idden to use. Notwithstanding this young [...]iddy-brain'd Nobleman having put it on, he was only pleased to say to him, that a Fool was [...]ermitted to wear any Coat.

His Mother said, Parysatis. That Kings were to be [...]reated with silken Words. For the Ears of great men being ever used to Flatteries, can­not endure to be grated with the plain naked Truth.

His Kinsman retiring himself from Court after some disgrace, Orontus. said, that Kings used their Subjects, as Men do their Counters; some­times they stand for a great deal, otherwhile but for a little. Sometimes a Counter stands but for one, anon it is 100, and then perhaps [...]it signifies 1000.

Memnon Memnon. the General to Darius, striking a Soldier who spoke ill of Alexander; I took thee to fight against him, said he, not to rail at him.

The Egyptian Kings Kings of Egypt. forbad the Magistrates to obey them in things that were unjust, be­cause Justice proceeded from a higher power than they claimed.

A King of Thracia broke to pieces several rare Presents of Crystal that were sent him, for fear, said he, lest I should be in passion, when any else should chance to break them. This was rather an Act of a Philosopher, than a King, unless his Passion were apt to exceed the bounds of Reason.

After the battle of Levetres, he said to the Thebans, who were proud of their Victory; That Floods rose oftentimes above the natu­ral [Page 8] Currents, but seldome lasted long.

Darius being entred into Scythia with [...] Puissant Army, Ida-Thyrse. the King of that Country in­formed several petty Princes, who were Sub­jects to that Monarch, that they would do wel [...] to destroy the Bridge that he had made ove [...] the Danube, thereby to hinder his Retreat [...] But finding they would not do it, he said, they were good Slaves, but very bad Princes.

Another sent word to Alexander's Father [...] who resolved to make War upon him; A [...]as. That as the Macedonians knew how to fight well; so [...] the Scythians knew how to fast long. To in­timate they would starve them.

Another desirous to demonstrate to his Son [...] the advantage of their Union, Scilures. caused a Sheaf of Arrows to be brought, commanded them to break the whole bundle; but when none could possibly do it, he drew them out one by one, and easily snapt them asunder. Thus, said he, so long as you remain linked together, you will be invincible; but seperated you are easily destroyed. The States of Holland have since taken a Sheaf of Arrows for the Symbol of their Union.

Hannibal Hannibal. inclining to Peace after his Defeat, pulled down a Citizen from the Tribune, who animated the rest to carry on the War, and said to the People who murmur'd at it, Is it not strange that while I who have been a Sol­dier all my life do counsel you to Peace, this Fellow that never knew what a War signifies, should dare to incite you to make War.

The People weeping when they were forced [Page 9] to pay the money agreed to give the Romans, [...]he fell a laughing, and seeing they were astoni­shed at him, This is not the time for your Tears, said he, you should have wept when your negligence made you lose all the advan­tages of my Victories. Or when they ruin­ed your Fleets and Armies, whose loss was the cause of the ruine of Carthage.

The Roman Army being drawn up in Batta­lia, a Fop came and told him, he found the order of it admirable. It is not their order that I do esteem so admirable, said he, but ra­ther that amongst so great a Number of Men, there is not one so great a Sot as thou art. This changed their wonder into laughter.

Antiochus, to whom he had withdrawn him­self after his Defeat, showing him his Army in Parade, who were all clad most Magnificently, asking him, whether that were not enough to satisfie the Romans: Yes, said he, though they were much more covetous than they are. Meaning their Riches and Plunder, whereas the other meant their Strength.

As some were talking of a peace between the Carthaginians and the Romans, at the be­ginning of the War, he stamping on the Ground, said, Before that comes to pass, one or other of these Nations must be dust and ashes. Which was a kind of Prophecy of the Event.

Discoursing with Scipio in Asia, concerning the great Generals of those Times; he named Alexander first; then Pyrrhus, and himself the third, at which the other seeming to wonder; [Page 10] I would have put my self in the first place, sai [...] he, could I have conquered you.

Apprehending he should be delivered up to the Romans, he took some Poyson which he carried in a Ring, and said, let us free the Ro­man People from the fears we have put them into for so many years. It hath been said of him, that he knew how to conquer, but did not know how to make advantage of his Victo­ries; because he let slip his advantage after the Battle of Cannae.

An Armenian King seeing the Romans ap­pear in small Parties, Tigranes. before his Army which was innumerable, said, There were too many of them to be Ambassadors, and too few to be Enemies. It must be observed that the Anci­ents alway sent several together on an Embassy.

GREEKS.

A King of Syracuse having defeated the Carthaginians, Gelon. would grant them no peace, but upon condition that they should not sacrifice their Children to Saturn. This wa [...] the more generous, because the Conqueror herein had no other end but the advantage o [...] the vanquished. However it is easie to make an Apophthegm of this, by changing the Acti­on into Speech; which Plutarch hath omitted.

When his Soldiers went not to War, he [Page 11] made them cultivate the untilled Lands, Greeks. to keep them, as he said, from idleness, the Mo­ [...]her of Seditions, and make some Recompence for the Spoyls of War.

Having occasion for money, he borrowed of his Subjects, and repaid it when the Wars were ended, boasting that by this means he had an unexhaustible Treasure in the Purses of his People.

While the Guests at a Feast took an Instru­ment turn by turn to make Musick and Mirth, [...]he called for his great Horse, and began to ma­ [...]age it before them, to intimate that a Prince even in times of Peace should make it his Exer­cise and Meditation to prepare against a War.

A Curtezan having reproached him for his stinking breath, Gelon's Wife. he chid his Wife for not giving him notice of it, that he might have sought a remedy; but she replied, That she thought all men had been so, having never con­versed with any one but himself. The Grecian Dames had no frequent conversation with men, being never admitted at Feasts and Publick Meetings with their Husbands: Whereas the Romans had the same Liberty as the Ladies here with us. Plutarch attributes this Apoph­thegme to the Princes Wife that follows.

Hieron Hieron. said, That he was always at leasure to hear those that would tell him the Truth, and thereby banished all Flatterers, and became of easie access to honest People.

He said likewise that those that discovered Secrets did not only offend those that had en­trusted them; but also those to whom they [Page 12] were revealed: For when we would not have a thing known, we do not only hate those that publish it, but those that are made acquainted with it likewise.

He condemned a Poet to make satisfaction for having spoken somewhat too freely before the Queen; Epicarmus. and indeed it was an insolent Fel­low, for having once invited him to dinner at a Sacrifice, he told him, you would not invite me to that you made the other day, hinting the execution of some great men. These indi­screet Sallies of the Tongue, produce more hurt to those that speak them, then they do good to them they are addressed to.

Denys the Tyrant Denys the Tyrant. besieged in his Palace by a seditious Multitude, cried out, seeing an Oxe knocked down at one blow; who would not venture so frail a thing as life is, for an Em­pire?

His Son having violated a Woman of Qua­lity, he asked him in passion, if ever he had seen him do the like? That's because you were not born Son of a King, answered he. You will never be the Father of one replied he, if you continue these insolencies. His Predicti­on was verified, for his Son was dispossessed. These are two excellent Apophthegmes in one.

Seeing in his Son's Chamber one day a great many Vessels of Gold and Silver, which he had bestowed upon him; Thou art not worthy to Reign, said he, since thou hast not been able to make Friends of these things all this while.

His Subjects complaining of a Tax, he in­creased it so much, that they laughed at the [Page 13] impossibility; 'Tis enough, said he, for this shews they have no more to lose. Otherwise they durst not have derided him.

He said to his Mother, who had a mind to marry again in her extream old age; That Princes were able to alter the Civil Laws, but not the Laws of Nature.

He severely punished those that robbed on the High-ways, but pardoned such as pilfered Cloaks in the Night time, to compel his Sub­jects to keep good hours and avoid debauche­ry. In the Greek it is, that stole Cloaths, ei­ther at the bathing places or elsewhere.

Some body beseeching him to bestow a Ta­lent upon him, and to pretend that he had learned the Secret of him to discover all man­ner of Conspiracies; He cried out aloud, 'Tis a most important Secret, and bestowed the Talent upon him.

Another desiring to converse with him, asked him whether he had nothing to do? God defend, said he, there being nothing so insupportable as Idleness. Others there are that think nothing so pleasing, but we must distinguish; one may desire to have Leasure, but Idleness is to be hated. It is a common thing to ask what shall we do to pass away the time?

Having been informed that two several Persons had spoken ill of him at time of a de­bauch; he invited them to Supper, and ob­serving that one of them was very indiscreet and wild, and the other very reserved, He said, that he forgave the first, as having com­mitted [Page 14] the fault by the frailty and lightness o [...] humour; and caused the other to be put to death, as guilty.

One of his Subjects having concealed a Sum of Money, he caused it to be taken from him, but being made acquainted that he had pur­chased a piece of Ground with the remainder; he restored it to him again, because he knows how to improve it, said he.

He said, a Prince ought not only to be aware of his Enemies, but of his Friends. It is be­cause those that have the easiest access, may the most easily destroy. But this is trulier spoken of a Tyrant, than a lawful Sovereign.

As a Herauld, at a Sacrifice, wished him, ac­cording to their Custom, a long Reign; do not, said he, increase the rigour of Tyranny, by endeavouring to make it Eternal.

A man condemned to death found a Friend so resolute as to be bound for him, that he might have time to go abroad, and settle his Affairs in order, and having surrendred him­self again, Denys the Tyrant, admiring the confidence and resolution of the one, and the faithfulness of the other, pardoned the cri­minal, And for recompence, I only desire of you, said he, to be received as the third in your Bond of Amity.

Accusing his Sister for having contrived her Husbands escape. Polyxene. Do you believe me to be, said she, of so mean a Spirit, as that I would not have stollen away my self from thy Ty­ranny, had it been in my power.

His Son said, Denys the Tyrant the younger. he entertained men of Learn­ing, [Page 15] not for any esteem that he had for them, [...]ut for the esteem he gained thereby from o­ [...]hers.

A Grammarian finding fault with his Dia­ [...]ect; There is more to be objected against your Actions, who dare controul a Tyrant even in his own house.

Being driven from his Kingdom, it was asked him, what advantage Plato and his Phi­ [...]osophy was to him? They have enabled me [...]o undergo with more patience, replied he, so great a Revolution. Of a King he became a School-master at Corinth.

Some body having reproached him, that from being a King he was become a private man; whereas his Father from a private Per­son had attained to be King. My Father, said he, made himself a King when they were wea­ried with Popular Government, and I lost my Crown when they began to hate Monarchy. Which is one great reason of the divers chan­ges that happens in Governments. Another time, he replied; My Father left me his King­dom, but not his Fortune.

Agathocles, Agathocles. from a Potter's Son, becoming King of Sicily, caused every day some earthen Ware to be served at his Table; That he might not forget, as he said, his former condi­tion, and incite others to vertue by his Exam­ple.

Dion Dion. having heard that some of his Friends conspired against him: It is better to dye once, said he, than to be troubled always to guard ones self both against ones Friends, and ones Enemies.

[Page 16]After his Exile, seeing his People murm [...] because they made him wait too long at a grea [...] man's Gate; he said it was not the fault [...] great Men, but of Greatness. Because of th [...] multitude of business which does so much o­verwhelm them.

A King of Macedon refused to give a Gold­en Cup to one of his Courtiers, Archelaus. and bestowe [...] it upon Euripides; and as the other wondred at it, It is because he is as worthy to have i [...] without asking for it, as you to beg it, and go [...] without it. Because of the Modesty of th [...] one, and the Insolence of the other.

His Courtiers murmuring, because some had thrown water upon him as he passed along the Streets: How can those offend me, said he, when they never thought on me? The Greek expression is, That it was not him they had offended; but the man they mistook him for. But it is like it was done without any design, and that they neither intended it for him, or any other.

Philip Philip. of Macedon, as illustrious for his Wit, as for his Virtue and Fortune, rallying one day with the Athenians for that they every year e­lected ten Generals, told them they were very happy in finding so many men sit to be Com­manders over Armies, whereas in all his life he could find but one, which was Parmenion. E­very Tribune chose his General, to prevent them from usurping over the other. In other respects there is nothing so pernicious as so many Generals; but they know not who to confide in, in a Common-wealth.

[Page 17]Having received Accounts of three several [...]ood tydings in one day: O Fortune, said he, [...]end me some little misfortune to allay so great [...]appiness. The good tydings were, the gain­ [...]g of a Battle, the birth of a Son, and the [...]inning of a Prize at the Olimpique Games.

Being counselled to place Garrisons in the [...]recian Cities he had taken, I had rather said [...]e, keep them in their duty by love then [...]hrough fear, and be beloved all my life, then [...]e feared for a while. Fear lasts no longer [...]hen while the dread is upon them, where­ [...]s Love continues both in good and ill for­ [...]une.

His Courtiers advising him to banish one that [...]ad spoken ill of him: That were well indeed [...]aid he, to make him go and report the same [...]hings all the World over. There is nothing [...]an be more prudent then for a man of judg­ment to find methods to prevent others from [...]oing him mischief.

Another time endeavouring to oblige him to [...]hastize a man of quality for the same Fact, we must first, said he, consider whether we have [...]ot given him just cause; and being informed [...]hat he was in [...]me want, and had received [...]o kindness or supply from Court; he be [...]towed some Favours: which made him turn [...]is railing into praises, and begot another most excellent saying from that Prince. That it was [...]n a Kings Power to make himself be either be­ [...]oved or hated.

He also said, That he was obliged to the Athenian Orators, for giving him occasion to [Page 18] correct his faults, by their often reproaching him of them. Which is another excellen [...] Lesson for Princes to reform their Conduct [...] instead of being in wrath with those tha [...] proclaim their Failings.

After the Battle of Charonea, as some wer [...] counselling him to put all the Athenian Priso­ners to the Sword, and destroy their City, he said, he would not lose the Theatre of his Glory. Either because they would celebrate his Clemency, or exercise his Valour.

He would have encamped in a place of great advantage for strength; when they brought him word the Country was destitute of all Forage: What a trouble it is, cried he, that the General of an Army must not only take care for his Men, but for Beasts? The Prince of Orange said to this same purpose, That Wa [...] was a Monster, which began to be formed by the Belly, because of the regard that must be had above and before all other things for the subsistance of their Troops.

Having been told that a Castle which he de­signed to attaque was impregnable, And in­deed it was said that it was not he, but his mony that con­quered Greece. he asked [...] whether an Ass laden with Gold might not get in. This is particularly true in a Civil War, where many change Party for Interest, and so are the more easily corrupted.

He bid Alexander gain the affections of the Macedonians, whilst he was not their Master, for when he was so, they would love him no longer, because of the Taxes and other seve­rities of Monarchies, which makes Princes be­come hateful, besides that it is natural not to love ones Master.

[Page 19]He likewise counselled him to gain the love of the bad, as well as the good Subjects, [...]hat he might make use of either of them as his occasions required. He meant it of bad men that had an interest and credit; for with­out that it should be said, to make the one fear you, and the other love you.

Being present at the sale of some Captives; [...]n an indecent posture, one of them stepping [...]igh whispered him in his ear, to pull down the skirt of his Garment: Let that man be set at liberty, said he, for I did not know that he was my Friend.

One of his Friends being dead, and some body telling him, to comfort him, that he had lived long enough; long enough for himself, said he, but not for me; who have not yet discharged the Obligations I owed him.

Having understood that Alexander was dis­pleased because he took several Women, and feared he would beget too many Children. Let him, said he, shew himself worthy to be preferred. Note that Kings formerly chose their Successors without any regard to Birth­right, as appears by David's advancing of So­lomon.

He bid him, when he appointed Aristotle to be his Tutor, learn under so good a Master to avoid those failings which his Father had fal­len into.

One of his Courtiers intreating him not to let Judgment pass in a Cause where the Inte­rest of his Friend was concerned; I had rather, said he, that your Friend should lose his Cause, than I my Reputation.

[Page 20]His whole Court advising him to chastise the Ingratitude of the Peloponesians, who had pub­lickly hissed at him in the Olympique Games [...] What will they not do, said he, if I should hurt them, when they scoff at me though I have done them so much good. This resembles [...] that before spoken, of a vile tongue that had spoken ill of him, whom he would not banish, least he should rail at him all the World over.

One day having lain long in Bed in his Camp, he said he had slept his fill, because An­tipater waked for him, excusing his sloth ingeni­ously with the vigilance of his Minister.

Alexander having tamed a very wild Horse, whom none else durst mount. Seek another Empire for thy self my Son, said he, embra­cing him, for mine is too little.

Another time, he said to him, as he was va­luing his own Singing; art not thou ashamed to sing so well. There are some things we ought to be ignorant of, wherein it is shame­ful to be too skilful.

One day having fallen down on the ground, and considering the extent of his Body in the dust, Great Gods, said he, what a little place we take up, and yet the World cannot contain us.

He told his Son, who was endeavouring to win the Macedonians hearts by largesses; dost thou believe that a man whom thou hast bri­bed, will ever be faithful to thee. Those who are tied by Interest, are by Interest likewise lost.

Asking some Athenian Ambassadors, after he had given them Audience, whether he could [Page 21] do them any Service. The greatest Service [...]ou can render us, says a Brute, is to go hang [...]our self; at which Words, without being [...]oved, though he perceived a muttering [...]hrough all the Court; Those that endure [...]hese Insolencies, said he, are much more honest men, than those that commit them; which was the more to purpose because they came to complain of him.

Alexander, Alexander. while a Youth, said his Father would leave nothing for him to conquer, and when they told him, that what his Father gained, would be for him: But I shall not have the glory of it, replied he, as esteeming more the honour than the profit of Conquests.

His Father advising him to run at the Olim­pick Games, to shew his Swiftness. I would do it, said he, if there were any Kings to run with me for the Prize, or contend with me.

The Governour of a Place having written to him, that there were brought to him some lovely Boys that were to be sold; he cried out in great anger, hath he perceived any thing in my behaviour that could prompt him to send me such a Message. So he was likewise displeased in his Youth, against some of his People that had brought a young married Woman to lie with him; and turned away one of his Courtiers for having introduced, at dinner time, a Lass that he entertained under the pretence of Singing. The same Principle made him refuse to see the Wife of Darius, who was one of the most beauteous Princesses in the World.

[Page 22]His Governour having reproved him fo [...] casting whole handfuls of Incense into the fire at a Sacrifice, and telling him that he should avoid being so profuse till he had con­quered the Country that produced them. He had no sooner made himself Master of Arabia but he sent him a great quantity, with this re­proach; That he should not for the future be so sparing, when it concerned the Service of the Gods. I doubt whether ever he was Ma­ster of Arabia.

He bid his Soldiers, at the Passage of Granique, which was the Limits of the Persian Empire, That they should make merry with what they had then, for the next day they were to be entertained at the Enemies expences.

A Philosopher whom he loved, having asked him to bestow a Portion to marry his Daugh­ters, he sent him fifty Talents, who having told him it was too much, and that ten would have been enough for them to have; But not enough for Alexander to give, replied he. However our Gifts should be proportioned ac­cording to the Party that receives. But this Prince was excessive in all his Actions, whether good or bad.

Another time when his Treasurer came and acquainted him, that the Philosopher Anaxar­ches demanded an hundred Talents; for he had commanded that they should give him whatever he should ask; He knows he hath to do with Alexander, said he. Another Huff of this Prince coupled with the Impudence of a Philosopher.

[Page 23]Beholding several Statues in Milet, of those Atheletes that had won the Prizes in the Olim­pick Games. Where were all these Bravo's, said he, when your City was taken?

He answered the Queen of Caria, who took a pride in the excellency of her Cooks, and did often send him of her Dainties; That he had much better of his own, that his Gover­nour had taught him to eat but little at Din­ner, that he might eat well again at Supper, and to march all the Night to get a good Ap­petite in the Morning.

Darius having offered him ten thousand Ta­lents, and the one half of his Empire. Par­menion was of Opinion he should accept of it, and said, if I were Alexander I would do it, and so should I likewise if I were Permenion, replied he. He added, that Heaven cannot contain two Suns, nor Earth two Masters.

At the Battle of Arbella, the Chief Offi­cers complaining of the Soldiers insolence, who threatned they would have all the Plun­der to themselves. Courage, says he, 'tis a sign of the Victory, for those that talk thus, have no design to fly.

The Armies being drawn up in Battalia, he stroke a Soldier that was mending his Javelin: For this is the time for Fighting, said he, not to be mending or furbushing your Arms.

As he was reading a Letter from his Mo­ther, perceiving that Hephestion overlooked him, and read it likewise; he took his Seal from his Finger, and put it to his Lips, to in­struct him thereby to keep secret what he [Page 24] saw. This is a dumb Apophthegme.

The Priests of Ammon having stiled hi [...] the Son of Iupiter; he said, That all hones [...] men were so, thereby to allay the pride of tha [...] Title. In the Greek it is, that all men were so by Nature, and the good men by Adoption [...] which has some resemblance with the Christi­an Religion.

He spake to the same sence when wounded, That it was not such Liquor which flows from the wounds of the Gods.

He replied to those that praised Antipater for being very modest in his Habit; That within he was all lined with Purple, and the Son of Antipater going to caress before him, one that was beloved by a Musician, he interposed, and cried out, What, shall not Friendship it self be exempted from your Tyranny?

As he was sending back to Macedonia the maimed and the sick; a Soldier that was in health having thrust in his name to follow a Woman whom he loved. We must try, said he, to perswade her to stay here; for we cannot compel him.

He sent home all the Thebans, who were taken in Persia, and said, they were to be ex­cused for coming thither to seek their For­tunes, after their own Country was destroyed. Note, that he pardoned no Grecians that were found in the King of Persia's Service.

Having taken an excellent Archer, who could shoot an Arrow through a Finger Ring, he commanded him to shew his skill before him, and upon his refusal, sent him away to be [Page 25] executed; But being certainly informed that [...] proceeded not from disobedience, but a fear [...]f losing his Reputation, because he had not [...]ractised it of a long time, he said, he esteemed [...]im the more for it, and gave him his pardon.

An Indian King refusing to give him Battle, [...]nd saying, they ought to contend with gene­ [...]osity, and not by power, and that the weakest [...]ught to receive kindnesses from the strongest, That is the reason we must fight, said he; that [...]e may know which is the strongest, which the [...]eakest.

Being told that such a place was impregna­ [...]le, but he that defended it was a heartless [...]oldier: Then is it not impregnable, said he.

He told a Governour who had surrendred up [...] City, which he could not take; That he had [...]ore reason to relie upon the Generosity of Alexander, than on the strength of the Works, [...]nd restored him to the command again.

His Courtiers preferring him above Hercu­ [...]s; Not so, said he, for what I have done, hath [...]een at the head of thirty thousand men, and [...]hat he did, he did all alone. Not but that [...]here have been Herculesses that have com­ [...]anded great Armys; But the Greeks Hercules [...]as single in the most of his Exploits.

He fined some of his Friends for being too [...]tent upon their play, and said, One should [...] ever make a serious study of a pastime.

He honoured Craterus most, and loved He­ [...]hestion best; because, said he, this loves Alex­ [...]nder, and the other loves the King.

He said of Xenocrates, who would not ac­cept [Page 26] of his Presents, upon pretence that b [...] had no need of them. Ha, what hath he [...] Friends! and added, That all the Treasures [...] Persia, had not been enough to satisfie his.

He asked of Porus how he would be treated who having told him, as a King. Then to trea [...] you as a King, said he, I restore thee all thy Te [...] ­ritories with an addition of some Provinces.

Knowing that some had spoken ill of him 'Tis the property of Kings, Because of the ingra­titude of Common People. said he, to d [...] good, and receive no thanks for it. Or, it is Royal Virtue to do good, without any hop [...] of a recompence.

He told his Friends when dying, That h [...] foresaw great Dissentions, and slaughte [...] would arise amongst them after his Death, an [...] the disorders of those Divisions would e [...] ­crease their sorrow for the loss of him.

He called the Persian Ladies, The disease [...] the Eyes, because of their Beauty.

He thought it concerned his Dignity to l [...] none but the most excellent Painters and St [...] ­tuaries make his Effigies.

Being asked, when dying, where he ha [...] lodged his Treasure, he replied, they shoul [...] find it in the purses of his Friends.

Some People willing to compound wi [...] him; I come not, said he, to take what yo [...] are willing to give me: but to leave you wh [...] I have no mind to take.

He said he was by so much the more i [...] debted to Aristotle, than to his Father, by ho [...] much it is better to live well, than to live.

Dragging along the Priestess of Delphos [...] [Page 27] [...]e Temple, to hear an Oracle on a day in [...]hich it was forbidden, she cried out, Thou [...]t invincible. I will have no other, said he, [...]nd left her.

Before he went forth to begin his Con­ [...]uests, having given all that he had amongst [...]is Friends; some asking him, what he had [...]eserved for himself, he replied, Hope.

Leaning upon one Ear, as he was hearing the [...]leading of a Cause, he said, he reserved the [...]ther intirely for the adverse party.

Callisthenes the Philosopher controuling his Actions, he said, He did not love that Wise­ [...]an, who was not wise for himself; Because [...]hereby he lost his Fortune.

His Soldiers refusing to swim over a River, [...]t the attacking of a place: why should not I [...]wim, said he, & so passed over upon his Shield.

He cried out, over the Monument of Achil­ [...]es; Happy was this Prince to have had Homer [...]or the Trumpeter of his praises! Others say, [...]atrocles for his Friend, and Homer for his Hi­storian; and having found a little Trunk rich­ [...]y set with Jewels amongst Darius his Goods, he allotted it to preserve Homer's Works in. Another time, when they would have shewed him Paris's Syra, he said, he would rather see Achilles's meaning in Homer. One time an ex­press being in much hast to tell him some good News; he asked him, Whether Homer was [...]isen again as judging nothing required such pressing haste, but such like tydings.

He said, He knew he was mortal, by two things, viz. Sleep, and the pleasures or act of [Page 28] Love, because the Senses are suspended.

He said, If he were not Alexander, he wou [...] have been Diogenes. 'Tis from the same ro [...] of Ambition to despise all, or to covet all.

Entring into Darius his Tent, glitterin [...] with Gold and precious Jewels, he said, This [...] to Reign indeed. Though there are dive [...] Examples in his Life and Actions, that shew [...] how much he despised such Luxury and V [...] ­nity.

He would not take advantage of the Nig [...] at the Battle of Arbella, because I will not ste [...] a Victory, said he.

Antipater making some complaints in wr [...] ­ting to him against Olimpias; he does not know, said he, that one tear from a Mothe [...] eye, is enough to blot out all.

Being made acquainted that his Sister live [...] a little too freely, let us, said he, leave her, he [...] part of the Regency, Impunity and Licence.

He shed some tears, when it was said ther [...] were divers Worlds; Because, said he, I hav [...] not yet been able to Conquer one.

He said, Homer had prophesied of him in th [...] Person of Agamemnon, when he said, That he was equally a good King, and a good Soldier.

The Mother of Darius having mistake [...] Hephestion for Alexander, because he was a more proper man; he said, she was not deceived, for that he was also Alexander; Because of the Friendship that united them.

Admiring that he should fall asleep, just be­fore the beginning of a Battle: 'Tis because I am come to the end of my labour, said he [Page 29] It was the last against Darius.

The Corinthians, having made him free of [...]eir City, after the Example of Hercules, I [...]e nothing of this Honour, said he, but the [...]mparison.

After Alexander had distributed all he had a­ [...]ongst his Friends, Perdicas. without reserving any [...]ing but Hope: Perdicas said, he was content­ [...] with that alone also, and returned him his [...]resent again.

King Ptolomee Ptolomee Son of La­gus. eat often at his Friends, and [...]ade use of their equipage, as not being well [...]rnished himself. His Excuse was, That [...] was more glory to make others rich, than to [...]rich ones self.

Having asked a little Grammarian scoffing­ [...], who was the Father of Peleus: The other [...]turned briskly, who was yours, as a reproach [...]f the meanness of his Extraction; and when [...]s Courtiers wondred that he shewed no re­ [...]ntment, when a man will rally, said he, he [...]ust expect to be rallied with again. The [...]me Apophthegm is attributed to Cicero: for [...]etellus, asking him by way of scorn, who was his Father? It would be a harder thing to tell [...]ho was yours, said he, because his Mother had [...]n ill reputation.

Another Prince of the same name, Ptolomee-Philadel­ph [...]. said, That the greatest unhappiness of Tyrants [...]as, that they must ever suspect the greatest (or bravest) men, and be compelled to make [...]hem away. This is true only in Elective Em­ [...]ires, where every one has a right to pre­ [...]end.

[Page 30]His Son Xenophanes Xenophanes. being rallied at, beca [...] he would not play at a forbidden Game; 'T [...] not, said he, for fear of losing my Money, b [...] my Honour.

Antigonus, Antigonus. set every Engine at work to e [...] rich himself, and when they reproached hi [...] that Alexander did not use to do so; Th [...] was because he reaped, said he, and I can b [...]glean.

Finding his Soldiers playing at Tennis [...] armed, he sent their Officers to make me [...] with them, and being informed that they we [...] drinking too freely, he cashiered them, and p [...] those Soldiers into their places: Because, sa [...] he, those deserve best to Command, who [...] their duty best.

Admiring that he grew very mild in his o [...] Age, having been very rough in his young [...] days; That's because I would endeavour [...] preserve that with gentleness, which I gaine [...] by force, said he.

His Son inquiring one day of him, when [...] would decamp: Art thou afraid, said he, tho [...] shalt not hear the sound of the Trumpet [...] This shews it imports a General to keep hi [...] Marches secret.

Sending him to Greece to set them at liber­ty, he said, That Province was like the Theatr [...] of the whole World, from whence his Glor [...] would be seen over all.

After his recovery from a fit of sickness, h [...] said, That it had been an Advertisement of the Gods to let him learn that he was mortal.

A Poet having called him the Son of a God [Page 31] My Valet de Chambre, said he, knows the con­ [...]ry full well.

A Flatterer telling him, that the Will of a [...]ng was the Rule of Justice; Say rather that [...]stice is the Rule to the Will of Kings, re­ [...]ied he.

His Brother desiring he would in private [...]termine a cause he was concerned in: It were [...]tter it should be before the whole World, [...]plied he, to demonstrate I will do nothing [...]justly.

Incamping in the Winter time, in a place [...]at was inconvenient, he said, to some Soldi­ers whom he over-heard murmuring near his [...]ent. Go farther off and complain, least I [...]e obliged to punish you.

He said, to one that made a harrangue to [...]m in a bombast flattering stile; Art thou not [...]hamed to speak to me as if I were a Fool?

A Cynique begging a Dragm of him; A piece of about se­ven pence. That's [...]o little for a King to bestow, said he; and [...]hen the other had desired him then to give [...]im a Talent; That's too much, said he, Two hun­dred Gui­neys. for a [...]ynique to receive. The Medium had been to [...]ive more than the first, less than the last.

His followers counselling him to put a Gar­ [...]ison into Athens, to be a Bridle to Greece, he answered, There could be no stronger Garri­son than the affection of the People.

Pyrrhus challenging him to come down from the Mountains, and he would give him battle, he said, he made War as his own Judgment guided him, and not as his Enemy would have him; and that if Pyrrhus were weary of his [Page 32] life, there were a thousand ways to death. [...] other, on the like occasion said; If he be [...] great a Captain, let him force me to co [...] down. Notwithstanding he affirmed that P [...]rhus would be the greatest Soldier of his ti [...] if he lived to mature Age.

In the height of his Conquests, some bo [...] having dedicated a Treatise of Justice to hi [...] This is very proper to him, said he, while I a [...] usurping the Rights of other men.

His Son at his return from hunting, comi [...] and embracing him while he was giving Audi­ence to some Ambassadors: Tell this, said [...] to those that sent you hither. There bei [...] nothing that can better establish a Thro [...] than the mutual love of the Royal Family:

His Son Aleione being very harebrain'd, w [...] killed in a Fight; This happ'ned somewh [...] later, said he, than I expected, or, than he d [...] ­sired.

He said, to another that shewed himself ve­ry proud, do you not know that Royalty is b [...] a brave slavery; and another time, That if o [...] knew the weight of a Crown, they would b [...] afraid to set it on their heads. In the Greek [...] is, they would not vouchsafe to take it o [...] from the ground.

Antigonus having dream't, Demetrius. that Mithrida [...] had reaped a golden Harvest, resolved to make him away, and communicated it to his Son De­metrius, after he had made him promise not to divulge a word of it. But Demetrius who loved Mithridates, led him out immediately to walk upon the Sea Sands, and wrote thereon [Page 33] with the point of a Javelin, Begone, Mithri­ [...]tes; so that he made his escape to Pontus, [...]here he was chosen King. If equivocations [...]e at any time lawful, 'tis in such cases where man's life is concerned.

The Rhodians, having intreated him to pre­ [...]rve a Picture of Protogenes, which he had [...]ken in their Suburbs, he said, he would keep as inviolably as his Fathers.

Having taken the Athenians by Famine, he [...]used them to be assembled in their Publick [...]ace for Spectacles, where while they dread­ [...] some exemplary punishment for their re­ [...]olt, he told them, That he bestowed five thousand measures of Corn upon them to re­ [...]eve their misery; and happ'ning to pronounce [...]me word amiss at the same instant, and the people reproving him for it openly, he added, and I will give you as much more, for your [...]ood Instruction. Many would have been [...]ngry at such a publick reproof, and have re­called his Guift, instead of increasing it; so that this is an Example of Clemency, of Libe­ [...]ality, and a greatness of courage.

It was said of his warlike Engines, in which [...]e was very intelligent, That they begot ad­miration amongst his Friends and astonishment [...]n his Enemies.

Demetrius being taken by Seleucus sent word to his Son, Antigonus. that he should give no credit to his Letters; But that young Prince was so sensibly concerned for the imprisonment of his Father; that he wrote to Seleucus with more Generosity than Prudence, that if he would set him free, [Page 34] he would surrender both his Person and Domi­nions into his power.

His Pilot telling him, just at the beginning of a fight, that the Enemy was stronger tha [...] he; For how many do you reckon me, said he.

A Soldier desiring the same allowances which one had, who had done eminent Service: [...] was not the recompence of his Family, b [...] his Valour, said he, and refused him.

Zeno, whom he esteemed above all the Philo­sophers, being dead, he said, He had lost the Witness of his Actions, and the Theatre o [...] his Glory.

Lysimachus Lysimachus. being constrained to give u [...] himself, and his whole Army, for want of wa­ter; cried out, having drank, great Gods, fo [...] what a small matter I have lost my Liberty and Country!

Antipater Antipater. having heard of the Murther o [...] Parmenion; If he were guilty, said he, i [...] whom shall Princes confide? and if he were innocent, where is the Prince we can confide in?

He said of Demades and Phocion, That he had two Friends of a direct contrary humour, for he could never satisfie the one, nor ever get the other to accept of any thing.

Antiochus Antiochus. sent his Letters into all Parts, at his first accession to the Empire; That if there came any Orders from him contrary to the Laws, they should not obey them. He like­wise withdrew himself from Ephesus, fearing the great Beauty of Diana's Priestess should tempt him to violate her.

[Page 35] Antiochus Antiochus Hierax. surnamed the Hawk, put himself [...]to Mourning upon the report of the death [...] his Brother though they made War against [...]ch other, and being after assured that he [...] as living, he caused publick Thanksgiving [...]d Rejoycings to be kept; To shew, said he, [...]at the Law of Nature yet subsists, amidst [...]r disorders. What was rare in those days, [...] now grown common.

A report being brought to Pergamos of the [...]eath of Eumenes, Eumenes; his Brother Attalus seized immediately on the Empire, and married his [...] [...]iddow; But the News proving to be false, [...] laid down the Crown, and went to meet [...]m in the habit of a private Person, of which Eumenes took no other notice, but only whis­ [...]ered in his Ear; another time, be not so ha­ [...]y to marry my Wife, till you have seen me [...]id in my Grave. He never after shewed a­ [...]y more resentment, and at his Death left him [...]is Wife, and his Empire. Attalus on the o­ [...]er hand did never raise any Children, but re­ [...]ored the Diadem to the Son of Eumenes, as [...]on as he was of Age to Govern. It would [...]e difficult to find two such rare Examples, the [...]ne of Acknowledgment, the other of Mode­ [...]tion.

He was wont to tell his Brothers: If you treat me as your King, I will treat you as Bro­thers; and if you treat me as a Brother, I will treat you as I am King. To teach them to o­bey him.

Pyrrhus Pyrrhus. said, He never had taken so many Cities by force, as Cineas had taken by cunning.

[Page 36]The Inhabitants of a Town besieged, havi [...] railed at him bitterly a thousand times duri [...] the Siege, he told him, as he was setling the [...] after the place was taken; That they had gre [...] need of Masters to teach them to rule th [...] Tongues.

Being asked which of two excellent. Musi [...] ­ans he liked best, he answered, The Gene [...] Polyperque; to shew that Kings ought to est [...] brave men, and not Fidlers.

One who had never been in the Wars, pro­mising to instruct him in the Military Art, [...] told him, That he never valued a General, w [...] had never heard the sound of a Trumpet.

He said, after the gaining of two battles a­gainst the Romans, I am lost if I gain a thi [...] because they had cost him so many men; a [...] therefore, admiring their Valour, he said, th [...] he could easily conquer the whole World wi [...] the Romans, or the Romans with him. Othe [...] improperly attribute this to Antiochus, w [...] was no great Soldier.

He said, when he quitted Sicily, I leave [...] brave Field of Battle to the Romans, and th [...] Carthaginians [...] which proved true in the [...]vent.

He bid those Commissaries whom he sent [...] raise Forces be sure to chuse proper and lu [...] Fellows, and he would take care of the rest, [...] if courage and skill proceeded only from exer­cise which is not always so.

Being entred into Athens to Sacrifice, [...] praised the Athenians for the confidence the [...] had in him; but withal told them, that [...] [Page 37] time they should have a care of letting in [...]ny one that exceeded them in strength.

Having pillaged Laconia by surprize before [...]ny War declared, he answered the Lacedemo­ [...]ians who made Complaints to him, that he did not use to divulge his secrets to any body.

His Children desiring to know of him at the time of his death, to whom he left his Empire; To him, said he, that hath the [...]harpest Sword. Though this were true in some sort, it was ill in the mouth of a Father, who thereby kindled the Flames of a Civil War in his own Family.

The great Antiochus The Great Antiochus. having strayed from his Company at a hunting, betook himself to [...] little Caban, where some People, who knew him not, discoursed of him, some extolling his good Nature, others saying that his Servants wrought upon it to ill purposes, and that he spent too much of his time in hunting; he at his return to his Company, told them, he had never heard so much truth spoken as that day.

At the Seige of Ierusalem the Iews having desired seven days Truce to celebrate their great Festival, he not only granted their re­quest, but would needs honour that Ceremony in Person, and himself conducted in great Pomp to their very Gates huge quantities of [...]ncense and Victimes; which touched them so sensibly, that they surrendred to him, as soon as the Festival was over. To make an Apoph­thegme, we should make him tell what he did, but that would lessen it.

[Page 38]The Romans having lopp'd off a part of h [...] Empire, he said, He was obliged to them so having discharged him of a great portion [...] his care. Though this is truth, yet Prince do not lay aside those burthens till they nee [...] must.

Pisistratus Pisistratus. Tyrant of Athens, finding h [...] Friends revolted, who had seized on a Fo [...] ­tress, went and found them with his little R [...] ­tinue, and when they inquired of him what [...] intended to do; Remain with you here, sa [...] he, or get you to return with me.

Knowing that his Mother loved a youn [...] man, who durst hardly visit her out of the ap­prehension he had of him, he invited him t [...] Supper, and having treated him well: Her [...] a [...]ter, said he, shew your self more complaisa [...] towards my Mother.

Another that was one of the finest shaped me [...] in the City, having been so insolent as to ki [...] his Daughter in the open Street, and the Mo­ther desiring he would resent it; If we pu­nish those that caress us, said he, what shall we do to them that hate us. This was but a co­lour to excuse the capriciousness or passion of the young man, whom he presently sent fo [...] to bestow his Daughter in Marriage on him.

Some debauched Fellows having done an in­jury to his Wife, and coming the next day to beg his pardon; You are mistaken, said he, my Wife was not out of doors yesterday; but be more modest another time. There is no pleasure in owning to have received an affront, and especially in such cases; and therefore C [...] ­ [...]s [...] [Page 39] deni'd that his Wife was guilty, though [...]e well knew the contrary, and was divorced [...]om her for that reason.

Going to marry a second time, his Children [...]ame and asked him, whether they had given him any just cause to complain; It is so far [...]om that, said he, that I find you so good, I am [...]esolved to get more such as you are.

Themistocles Themisto­cles. his Tutor, was wont to say of [...]im, that he would prove either the Safeguard [...]r the Ruine of his Country, and compared him [...]o a [...]iery Horse, that proves extraordinary good when reclaimed.

Having forsaken his debauchees, and be­come more vigilant after the battle of Mara­ [...]hon, he said, that the Trophies of Mil [...]iades would not suffer him to rest.

Being asked one day, whether he had rather [...]e Homer than Achilles; That's as if one should ask, whether I had rather be the He­ [...]auld than the Conqueror. He alluded to the Publick Pastimes, where the Conqueror was proclaimed by a Herauld.

It his Wars with Xerxes, he gave money to him that commanded in Athens, upon conditi­on he should renounce the Office of General, lest, said he, he should spoil all by his Avarice and Cowardize.

When Adimant would have deferred giving battle, alledging, that he that started too soon in his race, was to be punished; But he that sets out too late, replied he, never gains the Crown.

He said, That the way which leads to Hell, [Page 40] was more to be wished, than that which lea [...] to Honour: Because of the bryars one mee [...] with in the management of publick Affai [...] Nevertheless he called idleness the Grave [...] the Living.

The People having raised him to Digniti [...] after they had taxed him of Infamy, he sai [...] He could not love those that made use of t [...] same Vessel to such contrary purposes.

Before he began his march against the Per [...]ans, he said to the People who were looki [...] on a Cock- [...]ighting; That those Creature though so valiant did not fight for their Coun­try, but only for their Honour. Thereby t [...] encourage them, to shew the greater courag [...] against their Enemies.

The General of the Lacedemonians lifting up his Staff against him; Strike, said he, so yo [...] will hear me.

An Inhabitant of a small Village, reproach­ing him that he owed all his Glory to Athen [...] 'Tis true, said he, that I should never have at­tained to Greatness in your City, nor you i [...] mine.

Simonides the Poet requesting somewhat o [...] him that was unjust; as you would be no good Poet, said he, should you deviate from the rules of Poetry; So should I be no good Judge if I prevaricated from those of Justice.

One telling him, He might be the first in the Republick, provided he would espouse no Par­ty; he replied, he desired not a Dignity, wherein he could not oblige a Friend, and dis­oblige an Enemy, which is a little contrary to [Page 41] the Definition he gives before of a good Judge; [...]r to take it strictly, a publick Person ought [...]ot to have either Friends or Foes. There­ [...]ore one of the Ancients renounced all Friend­ship at his entrance to the Government: And Aristides declared he was of no Cabal that he [...]ight authorize no injustice.

His Daughter being courted by a Fool, and [...]y an understanding man, the first being rich, [...]e other having no wealth; he took the man [...]f Parts for his Son-in-Law: For I had rather, said he, have a man that wants an Estate, than [...]n Estate that wants a man.

Exposing a Country House to Sale, he said, [...]t had a very good Neighbour, so much he [...]hought that particular to be considerable. History tells us to the same purpose, that a [...]rince after a Battle, beholding a Gentleman [...]o grievously wounded, that his very Bowells [...]ung out of his Belly, and some bemoaning his [...]ad condition, he said, It was yet a worse thing [...]o have an ill Neighbour.

To one that would instruct him in the Art of Memory, he said, he rather desired that of forgetfulness. Because of those Misfortunes which happen dayly, the remembrance where­of is troublesome.

He said, there was no Musick so pleasing, as [...]o hear ones self praised in publick; and hav­ [...]ng been received with great Acclamations at the Olimpique Games; He told them, he was fully recompenced for all the Services he could ever render to Greece; Or that he had ever done them.

[Page 42]He would not suffer Hieron to assist at tho [...] Sports, because he would not help the Gre [...] with his Forces against the Persians, and sa [...] It was not reasonable that he who would nev [...] share in their Dangers, should partake of th [...] Pleasures.

After a Victory marching over the Sp [...] of the Enemy, he bid one that followed hi [...] take up something for himself, because you [...] not Themistocles. It does not become a Gene­rel to load himself with Plunder.

Finding they had little respect for him a [...] the War was ended, he said, he was like th [...] great Trees which stand on the Plains, who [...] none regards, but to find shelter when a sto [...] surprizes them.

Being arrived in Persia, he desired a yea [...] time of the King to learn the Language, th [...] he might converse personally with him, b [...] ­cause a man expresses himself but by hal [...] with an Interpreter; and having been ev [...] overwhelmed with all sorts of favour a [...] kindness, he cried out, I had been lost, if I ha [...] not been lost! as much as to say, he owed [...] good Fortune to his Banishment.

The General Myronides Myronides. having caused it [...] be proclaimed, that every one should be [...] readiness for an enterprize, found at his se [...] ­ting forth that he was followed but by a very few, and being advised to stay for the remai [...] ­der; all those that are to be of the Party, a [...] here already, said he,; Either not to delay th [...] Execution; Or, that he had little reason t [...] value the help of those that came so slowly t [...] the Randezvouz.

[Page 43] Aristides, Aristides. surnamed the just, was a mortal [...]emy to Cabals, to avoid, said he, the autho­ [...]zing of an Injustice.

Going an Embassy with Themistocles, who [...]as his Enemy. Let us, said he, lay down all [...]ur quarrels here, lest they should prejudice [...]e publique Affairs; and at the breaking up [...]f an Assembly, where they had thwarted [...]ach other out of jealousie, he declared, they would do very well to throw them both into [...]he River, because their enmity did hurt to the good of the Commonwealth.

Having been condemned to pay a Fine by [...]he contrary Faction, the People of reputation [...]id not only cause his Fine to be taken off, but made him be continued in the management of the publique Treasury, where shewing him­self more favourable and easie to those that brought in their accounts, he was the third time elected Chief Treasurer; But he told them, that he was more ashamed of his Election, than his Condemnation, because he had been condemned only for having done his Duty, [...]nd was elected because he was grown remiss. And upon the Commission he had to allot the Sums which were to be imposed on all the Gre­ [...]ians, for the Wars against Persia, he shewed himself so little inclined to enrich himself, that he expended of his own.

He said to a rich man, who reproached him of Poverty; Thy Riches does thee more hurt, than my Poverty does me.

He hindred the People from condemning a Criminal upon his bare word, and would needs [Page 44] have them try him by due Form of Law; Fo [...] fear, said he, they should make this a Pre [...]dent in favour of some hereafter that m [...] have less honesty.

Being Judge in a Cause, where one of t [...] Parties alledged that his Adversary had spoke several injurious things against Aristid [...] Hold, said he, there is nothing in this Cau [...] that concerns me, but your self.

Going into Exile, he besought the Deitie that the Affairs of his Country might be [...] prosperous, that they might have no occasion to recal him, which they did soon after Whereupon, he said, That he was not trov­bled he had been banished, for his own sake but for the Honour of his Country.

Themistocles having somewhat to propound which much imported to be kept secret, the People obliged him to communicate it to A [...] ­stides, who having heard what it was, said, There was nothing could be more advantagi­ous, nor more unjust. It was to have burned the Grecian's Fleet that lay in Port, which was not put in execution.

Themistocles scoffing at his being so sparing, and saying that to be able to keep money close, was the vertue of a strong Chest, and not of the General of an Army, he replied, That without this, all the other Vertues would prove useless, because there was still need of money to make them effectual.

Pericles said, that when ever he took the Command upon him, he made this Reflection, That he was going to Command a Free People, [Page 45] and which was more, Greeks and Athenians. That is to say, as free as men could be.

He prayed the Gods, before he mounted [...]e Tribune, that no Word might slip from [...]im, that could scandalize the Athenians, or [...]urt either the publick or his private Affairs.

One of his Friends intreating him to make [...] salse Oath in his Favour; We are Friends, said he, but no further than to the Altar.

The Poet Sophocles, who was his Collegue, [...]aying, at the beholding a Beauteous Woman: Ah, how handsome she is! A Magistrate, said [...]e, ought not only to keep his hands pure, but even his Eyes and Tongue.

Being accused for consuming the publick Revenue in Offerings, and consecrating the best things to the Gods. Will you, said he, [...]et me put in my name instead of yours, and I will pay the charge with my own money, which [...]he People refused.

The Soldiers being astonished at an Eclipse of the Sun just before the beginning of a Na­val Fight, he held his Cloak before the Pilot's Eyes, and asked him if that were not a mighty Prodigy. It is caused by the Interposition of the Body of the Moon; yet, the Ignorance of those things formerly begot much Consterna­tion.

Alcibiades not returning from an amorous Adventure, As was their Cu­stoms. he would not suffer him to be trum­petted; Because if he be dead, said he, that would but make it known a day or two the ear­lier, and if he living, it would con [...]ound him with shame [...]

[Page 46]The People would have obliged him [...] speak in Publique of a business wherein he w [...] hot prepared, but he excused himself, eithe [...] out of respect, as he would have it believe [...] or to keep up his credit. The same thing [...] related of Demosthenes.

Alcibiades Alcibiades. said, That he led the Life of C [...] ­stor and Pollux, being in the Heavens, when b [...] was well in the Peoples thoughts, and in H [...] when he knew the contrary. Those Hero [...] were turn by turn in Heaven and in Hell.

He used to say, he wondred not, that the Lacedemomians despised Death, since their wa [...] of living was so miserable; Because of their wretched food, and rigorous usage.

Wrestling with one, he bit him by the hand [...] and the other upbraiding him, that he bit lik [...] a Woman; No, says he, but like a Lyon.

It is said, that he cut off the tail of a Dog of his own of great value; That so the Peo­ple having that to talk of, said he, may not mind the other things I do; but there is no­thing makes men discourse more of us than such extravagancies.

Coming one day into a School where they instructed Youths, he asked the Master for a Homer, who telling him, he had none, he gave him a box on the Ear. This is a mute A­pophthegm, where the box on the Ear must pass instead of Words spoken, to shew the va­lue should be held of Homer.

The Athenians having recalled him from his employment for some Capital Crime, he slipt away in his return, and being asked, if he [Page 47] doubted of Justice, he said, I would not trust [...] own Mother, where my life is concerned, [...]r fear lest by a mistake she should take the [...]ack Bean for the white; the first being the to­ [...]n of condemnation, the other of absolution.

Being informed that they had condemned [...]m to death; I will make them know, said he, [...]at I will live yet, and going over to the Ene­ [...]y, was the occasion of many troubles to the [...]ate.

Applying himself to Eloquence, instead of [...]usick, which was in Vogue in those Days: [...]et those sing, said he, that cannot speak.

The General Lamachus Lamachus. chiding an Officer [...]ho had failed in his Duty, when the other as­ [...]red him, he would do so no more; War, [...]id he, allows no time for repentance.

Iphicrates Iphicrates: fortifying his Camp in a place [...]here there was no appearance of danger, [...]id, to those that wondred at it; 'Tis an ill [...]xcuse for a General to say, I did not imagine [...].

He was wont to say, that an Army was to [...]e formed like a Human Creature, and ought [...]o have the main Body composed of Foot well [...]rmed, and the Wings lightly armed, the Ca­ [...]alry for Legs that they might run every where [...]pon occasion, and a good General for its Head.

Taking great care to range his men well in his Service against the Barbarians; It is be­cause I fear nothing so much, said he, as that they will not know that I am here, to astonish them by his Presence, and Reputation.

[Page 48]Being haled to Justice in a time of W [...] Unhappy man, said he, to his Accuser, thus [...] oblige my Citizens to sit in Judgment upon [...] instead of marching under my Conduct agai [...] the Enemy.

He said, it was necessary to excite the Sold [...]ers to the love of Money and Pleasures, b [...]cause that made them have the more courag [...] to gain wherewith to satisfie their desires.

A Sot of a good extraction reproaching hi [...] of the meanness of his Birth; I shall be t [...] first of my Race, said he, and you the last [...] yours.

An Orator bawling out to him in an Assem­bly; What art thou, to shew this Vanity? an [...] proceeding to a tedious enumeration of all th [...] Offices in an Army: I am none of all these said he, but him that commands them all.

Some that envied the Glory of Timotheus Timotheus. having painted him sleeping with a— in his hand, where the Cities came and were taken: If I take Cities sleeping, said he, wha [...] cannot I do when awake? 'Tis the mark of [...] good Apophthegm to retort their own Argu­ment upon them.

He called money the Soul and Blood of ci­vil Life, and said, that those that were depri­ved of it, were like the dead, without action.

That those that were not contented with a­ny thing, Or, were not sub­ject to be repented of. thought nothing dishonest.

He said, to Plato who had entertained him, That such Feasts as his, were not only pleasing on the same day they were made, but the next day also: Because of the loathing that follows others.

[Page 49]A General glorying in his Wounds, he said; should be ashamed, to have been wounded in our place: To shew that a General ought [...]t to hazard himself too confidently, his [...]hole Army depending on his safety. In the [...]reek it is, when I commanded the Army, I [...]as ashamed that a Dart fell too near me.

Some body saying that Cares was a good General; Not so, replied he, but a good Soldi­ [...]ier. To hint that he wanted the qualificati­ [...]ns for a Commander.

Chabrias Chabrias. affirmed, the fittest to command, [...]ere those that best knew the Enemy.

He likewise acknowledged, That he esteem­ [...] more an Army of Deer, Or, a Hare. commanded by a [...]ion, than an Army of Lions, commanded by [...] Deer, to shew of what importance a good General is, not so much for Valour as for Con­ [...]uct and Discipline.

Hegesipus, Hegesipus. animating the Athenians against Philip of Macedon; We shall draw great [...]lagues upon our selves, said one, if thou art [...]elieved; and much greater yet, replied he, [...]f I am not believed, meaning their slavery.

Pytheas Pytheas. offered to harangue in publick, to [...]revent their allowing divine honours to A­lexander, when some, crying out, you are too young: Him whom you would make a God, replied he, is younger yet than my self.

Phocion Phocion. seeming to study in an Assembly, they asked him the reason: I am thinking, said he, whether I cannot leave out something of what [...] have to say to the Athenians. the shortest Speeches being the best.

[Page 50]The Oracle having answered, That the [...] was a man in the City that found fault wi [...] every thing: Do you trouble your heads [...]bout that Sirs, said he, 'tis I that cannot a [...] prove of any thing that is done here.

The People, one day, seeming to appla [...] what he had spoken to them, he asked, wh [...] ­ther he had not let slip some foolish word or [...]ther, so much did he suspect their approb [...]tion.

The Athenians going about to get a volu [...]tary Contribution towards their Sacrifices [...] It were a shame, if I should give you any thi [...] and not pay this man, said he, shewing his Cr [...] ­ditor.

The People will murther thee, if ever the [...] grow into fury, said Demosthenes to him; a [...] thee when they recover their reason again, sa [...] Phocion.

That Orator exclaiming against Alexander who was falling like a torrent upon Thebes Miserable man, said he to him, to exasperate [...] young discontented Prince against thy Coun­try, who has his Sword in hand.

Beholding an Army of Soldiers that were too gawdily cloathed, he said they were fit for [...] Show, but not for a Fight.

His Friends advising him to forbear giving a Visit to a vicious Rascal in Prison, who in­treated him to come; Where can I better go to see such an ill man, said he, than in a Prison; being glad he was there.

The Athenians railing against those of By­zantium, who would not admit their Soldiers: [Page 51] 'Tis not those Allies are to be blamed for their [...]spicion: but your Generals that gave them [...]use for it; and being elected in the stead of [...]m that commanded before, they were re­ [...]eived without any difficulty.

Observing a Soldier who was advanced out [...]f his rank, return ni [...]bly into his place upon [...]ght of the Enemy, he told him, chidingly, [...]hat he could neither keep the place his Cap­ [...]in had given him, nor that he had taken him­ [...]lf.

The Ambassadours of Alexander, bringing [...]m a Present from their Master, he asked them, therefore he sent that present to him only? [...] is because he finds you an honester man than [...]e rest, said they; let him give me leave to [...]e so still, replied he, because Presents cor­ [...]pt us.

The People making some scruple of send­ [...]g some Gallies to that Prince which he requi­ [...]ed of them; I must advise you, Sirs, said he, [...]ther to be the strongest, or be Friends with [...]ose that are so.

Upon the news of his death, the Orators [...]lling aloud to take up Arms; If he be dead, [...]id he, to day, he will be dead likewise to [...]orrow, without all this great haste of taking [...] your Arms.

An Orator having perswaded the City to a War by very specious pretences and fair hopes, [...]e told them; Those sine Speeches were like [...]press-Trees which are lofty and beautiful, [...]ut yield no Fruit.

Their first success proving favourable, the [Page 52] People asked him, if he were not joyful; Yes said he, but I do not repent of what I said.

The Macedonians being come into the Cou [...]try with their Forces, he went forth again [...] them with all the strength of their Youth and finding every one would needs give hi [...] counsel: Great Gods, said he, what a ma [...] Captains, and how few Soldiers? It appears b [...] this, and by Thucydides, that there is no Peo­ple resembles the French, so much as the Ath [...]nians.

A while after the Athenians having been de­feated and compelled to receive a Garriso [...] when he who commanded would needs ma [...] him a Present; I refused Alexander's Gifts, sai [...] he, and added upon a juster occasion.

Antipater endeavouring to oblige him [...] something against his Will, he told him, O [...] cannot be both a Friend, and a Flatterer.

The People having made choice of him fo [...] their General, he made Proclamation, that [...] should take up Arms, not excepting those o [...] Sixty years of Age; and these alledging the [...] were exempted by the Laws; and yet they d [...] not exempt me, said he, who am above Fou [...] score.

A corpulent man perswading them to Wa [...] against his Opinion, and being constrained t [...] drink several times, because of the heat; Wh [...] will this man do in a Battle, said he, who swea [...] so much with talking only.

Being condemned to death with his Party as he went to Execution in the midst of thei [...] Lamentations, without a word speaking, [Page 53] Rascal came and spit in his Face: Take hence [...]hat insolent fellow, said he, without being o­therwise moved; and it had been observed, [...]hat he was never seen to laugh or cry. Some [...]ill affirm that he said, How ill favour'dly that [...]ellow gapes, or sneezes, and attributes it to Aristides.

A wicked wretch despairing to dye at the [...]me time; Are you not happy, said he, to dye [...]n Company with an honest man.

Being ready to take the poyson, some body [...]sking him, if he would say nothing to his [...]on? Let him never desire to revenge my [...]eath, replied he.

He said, It was better sleeping in peace on [...]he Earth, than lying unquiet on a soft bed.

That we must do our Duty, and all the rest was nothing.

That it was difficult to act several Parts.

That we must promise little, and perform it; but we do the quite contrary.

That when one eats more than one should, One hath more Diseases than can be cured.

That he left his Son Estate enough, if he were wise, and if he were not so, all that could be left him would signifie nothing.

Nicostrates, Nicostrates General of the Argiens, said to King Archidamus, who sollicited him to do somewhat that was unjust; You are not of the Race of Hercules, who travelled over the whole World to punish the wicked, since you endea­vour to corrupt the good.

Epaminondas Epaminon­das. acquitted himself very well in an employment put upon him, though it was [Page 54] an Office beneath him; and said in his ow [...] defence; It was the man that made the Offic [...] considerable, and not the Office the man.

He would not allow for so much Oyl, in a [...] account brought him for a Feast; Because, said he, it is impossible that we should have eaten so much and not be sick with it.

He withdrew from a sacrificing Feast, be­cause of the great Pomp and Splendor, saying they called me to a Sacrifice, and I meet with a debauch.

Walking very pensively one time, when all the City was rejoycing he told those that asked him the reason of it; I am sad, that you may take your fill of Mirth.

He would not render up a Criminal to Pelo­pidas, but did it to a Curtizan, giving this rea­son, that it was a fit Present for a Curtizan, but not for the General of an Army.

The Lacedemonians having declared War a­gainst Thebes, having gotten divers Oracles, some favourable, others not, he put them some on one side of the Chair, others on the other hand, and said; If you behave your selves well, these are for you, shewing them the good ones, if not you must expect the others: Like a good Politician, he makes our good or evil Fortune depend on our Actions, not our Acti­ons on them.

It hapning to thunder extraordinarily, whilst he was marching an Army, some having inquired of him what that signified; That our Enemies are astonished, replied he, and shewed where they had entrenched themselves [Page 55] upon the Hills, like men that were afraid; or, [...] disadvantageous ground, like People that [...]new not what they did.

He owned that the Battle of Levetres did [...]t please him so much for its importance, as [...]r the having gained it in his Father and Mo­ [...]ers life time.

Appearing melancholy and thoughtful the [...]ext day, against his wonted Custom, asking [...]im the reason; It is to allay, replied he, the [...]xcess of Joy I felt yesterday.

The General of Thessaly having sent two [...]ousand Crowns to him, to defray the expence [...]f an Enterprize which they had contrived [...]ogether, as knowing that he was very poor; [...]e quarrelled at him for it, as if he would have [...]orrupted him, Thirty or forty Shil­lings. and satisfied himself with bor­ [...]awing some small matter of a Friend of his [...]or that purpose.

He refused Darius his Presents with the [...]ame Moderation, saying, he ought not to do [...]t, if he desired nothing but what was just from [...]im; if not, all the Riches he had could not [...]corrupt him: Or, it is to no purpose if he be [...]our Friend, if not, I can never be his; but this [...]is to be found elsewhere.

Being informed that a Soldier had enriched himself by the ransom of a Prisoner: You are now too wealthy, said he, to be a Soldier, go and set up a Tavern in some good City. As a Soldier too much at ease is not fit for the War.

Talking how the Athenians were entred in­to Peloponese, excellently well armed: A good [Page 56] Musician, says he, never dreads to meet anothe [...] provided with a good Instrument.

So soon as he was Director of Beotia, b [...] bid the Thebans furbish their Weapons, becaus [...] he intended to make use of them, and not l [...] them rust in idleness; and some advising the [...] to live in peace, he said, that under that fa [...] pretence they designed to impose the great [...] slavery upon them.

He called his Country the Theatre of War [...] and said, it could not be defended unless the [...] always had the Sword in hand.

Some comparing him to Agamemnon, sai [...] he, That Prince was ten years taking of o [...] Town, and I for my part have set free a [...] Greece in one days time, by the Battle of L [...] ­ctres.

He patiently endured the ill humour of th [...] Thebans, and said, that one must no more tak [...] revenge of ones Country, than of ones Father [...] Likewise he affirmed the noblest death was [...] dye for ones Country, and obtained what h [...] commended.

A Rich man refusing to lend a Friend of his money, who was in necessity: Art not tho [...] ashamed, said he, to deny assistance to a good man? It is not just so in the Original, but [...] have put it thus to make it better, for in an [...] Apophthegm it is not so material for the truth, as the force of the expression.

It being controverted who was the greatest Captain, he, or some other: Stay till our deaths, said he, to judge aright; because, one over­sight does sometimes sorfeit all their reputati­on.

[Page 57]Being brought to judgment with his Col­ [...]egues for having kept the command of the Ar­ [...]y four Months after his time was expired; he [...]rdered them to lay all the fault upon him, [...]nd presenting himself at the day appointed: [...] am the sole Author, said he, of the Crime [...]harged upon us, and do not resuse to dye, provided they add to the sentence, That I am [...]ondemned to death for having set Greece at li­ [...]erty, and made my ingrateful Country tri­ [...]mphant over the Lacedemonians, ever till now [...]nvincible. This assurance did so astonish his Judges, that they withdrew, without daring to put it to the Vote. He added, that no Argu­ments were capable of justifying them, if what they had done would not suffice, because Deeds are better then Words, how pompous soever they could be. This serves to shew us, that we must not juggle with the Actions of great men, nor examine them by the strictness of Law.

Being wounded to death at the Battle of Mantiniea, hearing that such as had been able to take the Command of the Army were all slain in the Fight, he advised them to make a Peace, since there were none left fit to carry on the War, and the Event proved that he was in the right.

He would not suffer them to draw the Wea­pon out of his Wound, till he was assured, he had gained the Victory, and finding they had saved his Buckler, he told them, He dyed con­tentedly, to live eternally in the memories of men.

[Page 58]Some attribute to him, the killing a Senti [...]nal whom he surprized asleep, saying, by wa [...] of excuse, I left him as I found him.

Pelopidas Pelopidas. took no great care to enrich him­self, and when his Friends put him in min [...] that money was necessary; Yes indeed, said he, to that man there, shewing them a poo [...] Cripple.

Going to the Wars, his Wife recommended to him the care of his own Person; Give tha [...] caution, to others, said he, for it belongs to m [...] who am their Chief to have a care of theirs.

Reproaching the persidiousness of a Tyrant who had betrayed him: Thou hast a great de­sire to dye, said the Tyrant to him; Yes, re­plied he, to bestow vengeance, because it would enrage the Thebane.

The Tyrant's Wife being come to see him in Person, and bemoaning his misfortune: Thou art more to be pitied, said he, for suffe­ring a Tyrant to be thy Husband.

When he was set at Liberty, he said, He owed this obligation to the Tyrant, that he had made him know by experience, the fear of death could not terrifie him.

His Soldiers crying out in a Battle, that the Enemies were numerous: The better, said he, we shall kill the more. Another said, we mow hay best, when it is thickest.

Parmenion Parmenion. observing one day, the Ambassa­dors from Greece, murmured because Philip of Macedon made them wait too long for an Au­dience. Do not wonder Sirs, said he, that he sleeps while you are waking, for he was wake [Page 59] Whilst you slept. This was because they had [...]t him take his advantage, during their Divisi­ [...]ns. This is one of the Noblest Apoph­ [...]egms, because it bears two compleat Sences, [...]nd both very true, the one Literal, the other [...]llegorical.

Demosthenes Demosthe­nes. observed of Phocion: that he de­ [...]royed by his reasoning, all that ever he set up [...]y his Eloquence. He called him the hatchet [...]f his Speeches.

He told the Athenians who would oblige him [...]o accuse one unjustly; That he should ever [...]dvise them to what was just, though they dis­ [...]pproved it; but he would never do any un­ [...]st thing, though they should command it.

He had written on his Buckler, To good [...]ortune, and having cast it away to save himself, [...]e said; That his death would have been of no [...]ervice to his Country, but his life might some [...]ther time be of great Service to him. I would [...]ot insert, That he that flies may fight again, which is but a Proverb.

Alexander would grant no pardon to the A­ [...]henians, till they delivered up ten of their Ci­tizens to be named by him, amongst which he was one; Whereupon he said, That the Wolves were once for making a Peace with [...]he Sheep, provided they would surrender up [...]he Shepherd's Dog.

Endeavouring to save himself after his Con­demnation, being encouraged by one that held with the opposite Party; Where shall I find, [...]aid he, a Friend, that is worth such an Enemy.

A Courtizan demanping ten Drachmes for [Page 60] one Night's Pleasure; I will not, said he, bu [...] my Repentance so dear.

Being obliged in a contest with another, wh [...] could rail most, he said, this was a Comb [...] wherein the Victor must needs be the Wor [...] man. The greatest Slanderer.

He told a young man that talked too much [...] That a wise man spake but sparingly, and tha [...] Nature had furnished us with but one Tongu [...] and two Ears, to teach us that we ough [...] to hear twice as much as we speak. Another time, he said, how comes it that he that taught thee to speak, did not teach thee likewise to hold thy peace.

Of a Covetous Wretch, he said, that fo [...] want of knowing how to live in his life time, he would leave a livelihood to others after hi [...] Death.

That there was nothing more easie than to deceive ones self, being soon perswaded to what we like.

That Slander was easily sixed; but time would discover the Fraud of it.

That he had spent more Oyl than Wine i [...] attaining to be an Orator, by Study and Sobri­ety.

That nothing was more harsh to honest Peo­ple than not to be allowed the liberty of speak­ing their minds.

That it was difficult to please a Multitude, when one commanded a Multitude.

That what we had in us of the Image of God, was the love of Truth and Justice.

That if we did but know what we must suf­fer [Page 61] from the People, we should never desire to [...]eddle with the Government.

That his return was so much more glorious [...]an that of Alcibiades, by how much it was [...]etter to obtain it by way of perswasion, than [...]y force of Arms.

That he neglected his Estate to cultivate [...]is Knowledge, because it was his Knowledge [...]cquired him his Estate.

That he conversed with ill People, as Physici­ [...]ns do with the diseased, and that the best Phy­ [...]cian was he that cured the incurable; That is to say, such as no others could cure.

That the Law is the Soul of a State, because [...]t subsists thereby.

Demetrius Phalereus Demetrius Phalereus. counselled King Ptolomy to read History, to learn, as he said, several things that no body dares tell you.

Becoming acquainted with the Philosopher Crates, during his retirement at Thebes, he cur­ [...]sed his Affairs that had robbed him so long a time of the Knowledge of that great man.

The Athenians having pulled down his Sta­tues; they have not, said he, plucked down those Virtues that caused them to be erected.

He said, we must not wonder if Riches were blind; since Fortune who bestowed them, was so too.

That Eloquence had as much power in Peace, as force hath in War.

That real Friends while Fortune smiles do expect to be intreated; but they are forward to proffer themselves when she frowns.

His Counsel to young People, that they [Page 62] might not mistake themselves, was, to respe [...] their Parents at home, Strangers abroad, a [...] themselves when alone.

ROMANS.

MAnius Curius Manius Cu­rius. his Soldiers complained t [...] him, that he had not given them Land [...] enough in the conquered Countries: God de­fend, said he, but that a Roman should believe he hath enough, when it is enough to maintai [...] him. And himself was satisfied with a Soldi­ers share. They allotted Portions to the V [...] ­terans for their Habitation.

He returned those Presents offered him by the Samnites, with these Words; That those who were contented with a little, had no need of Riches, and that he was more pleased to command over them that possessed Riches, than to possess them himself. Others say, he repli­ed, That whilst he could command himself, he should never want, and attribute it to him that follows: However he was found making his own pot boil.

Fabricius Fabricius. hearing they had lost the Battle a­gainst Pyrrhus; 'Tis not the Greeks, said he, that have vanquished the Romans, but Pyrrhus that hath beaten our Generals, Because he was a great Captain.

Being deputed to him to ransom the Priso­ners, [Page 63] he refused his Presents, Romans: and having with [...]esign to fright him caused a huge Elephant [...]ppear just behind him: Thy Gold, said he, [...]uld not tempt me yesterday, nor thy Elephant [...]errisie me to day.

That Prince promising, if he would stay [...]ith him, to make him the greatest he had; [...]fear, said he, if your Subjects had once tasted [...]f my Government, they would obey you no [...]nger.

Pyrrhus's Physician, having proffered to Poy­ [...]on his Master, he sent the Letter to himself [...]ith this Caution, at another time he should [...]ake a better choice of a Friend and an Ene­ [...]y.

For this favour Pyrrhus having sent him back [...]l his Prisoners, he would accept of them, but [...]n condition to send him a like number for [...]hem; and said, that it was neither for love, [...]or fear, that he had discovered that Treason, [...]ut because the Romans never revenged them­ [...]elves of their Enemies but by open force.

Martius Coriolanus, Martius Coriolanus. being Victorious, was ad­ [...]ised to repose himself, who replied, that Vi­ [...]tory took away all weariness; and refused [...]hose Presents they offered as a recompence of [...]is Valour, Vertue being above all Reward. He would therefore only accept of some marks of Honour, and the Liberty of a Prisoner that was his Friend. The same is related of a Ro­man Knight.

His Mother coming to him, Veturia. whilst he held Rome besieged, would not salute him, till he de­clared whether he did it as Friend, or an Ene­my, [...] [Page 62] [...] [Page 63] [Page 64] my, and obliged him to raise the Seige.

Manlius Manlius Torquatus. told the Romans, who would ma [...] him Consul, that he could not bear with the Faults, nor they with his Severity.

The Senate having sent him the Complain [...] that were brought in against his Son, he spen [...] two days in the Examination, and pronounce this Sentence on the third: Seeing my Son [...] guilty of Concussion (or Extortion) I forbid him my House, and the Republick, and com [...]mand him to depart immediately. The So [...] strangled himself in the Night, and the Father would not be at his Funeral.

Fabius Maximus Fabius Maximus. encamped always in place very advantageous, that he might not be com­pelled to sight, and being in derision nick named Hannibal's Pedant, he would say, [...] shewed more Cowardize to be afraid of the Peoples idle discourses, then to be afraid o [...] the Enemies; and therefore Hannibal, said, he dreaded Fabius unarmed far more, than Min [...] ­tius armed. For this reason they called him the Buckler of the Romans, as Marcellus their Sword.

Minutius making a great noise for a small ad­vantage obtained against Hannibal, he said, he feared more the good Fortune of Minutius, then an ill one, because it puffed him with pride; and the other envying him, If he were wise, said he, he would consider that he hath nothing to do with me, but with Hannibal.

Being informed that a stout Soldier went every day out of the Camp to see a Woman whom he loved; he sent and had the Woman [Page 65] taken then said to him, now we have some­thing will keep you with us. And then giving [...]e woman to him pardoned his fault.

He being asked at the sacking of Tarentum Whether they should carry away their Images [...]t of their Temples: Let us leave the Taren­ [...]es their angry Gods, said he,

Being deputed to go to his Son, who was Consul, by the Senate, he rode towards him without alighting from his horse, till his Son [...]nt and commanded him; then running to em­ [...]ace him: I meant to try, said he, whether [...]ou knew what it was to be a Consul.

He was wont to say, they were much in the [...]rong that went roughly to work with such as [...]ey intended to gain unto them, since it is by nothing and caresses that the very Animals [...]e tamed, much sooner then by Whips and [...]urs.

Going to Carthage to complain of the taking [...] Sagunte, and he who commanded speaking [...]me what proudly to him, he made a fold in [...]e Skirt of his Garment, and said: In this I [...]ring Peace and War, and being answered, what he might give which he pleased, shaking [...]s Coat, he cried War; the Carthaginians told [...]m they accepted it with the same resolution [...]at he profered it.

It being intended to give again the com­mand of the armies to Terentius Varro, Terentius Varro. after [...]e Battle of Cannes, he told them, the Republick had need of a more Fortunate Gene­ [...]al than himself, and refused it, Nevertheless [...]e continued the Command.

[Page 66] Livius Livius Salinator. in wrath against the People, we [...] and made War in Spain, and being advise not to give Battle, till he was well informed o [...] the Enemies strength, he replyed, He would give it as soon as ever he came thither, to b [...] revenged upon the Citizens, or be crowne [...] with Honor. Words unworthy of an ancient R [...]man.

He would not totally defeat the whole A [...]my of Asdrubal, but said, let some remaina­live, to carry the news of our Victory, an [...] their loss.

Scipio said, he was never less alone, the [...] when he was alone, Scipio the African. Nor more employ'd the [...] when he was idle, because the mind is alway [...] most active, when we have nothing else [...] do.

After the taking of Carthagena, his Soldier having brought him a lovely Woman prisoner he told them, he would have accepted of he [...] if he had not been their General: As having too much other business, to think of Love.

At the siege of a City, being very full of bu­siness, he appointed some that sought to him to meet him in the principal Temple of the Town, and having mastered the place within the time limited, though the service was very hard, he kept his word with them.

It being wondred at that he would venture over into Affrick with such small numbers, he said, pointing to three hundred of his Guards, there is not one man amongst those, that would not leap down from a Steeple if I com­manded him.

[Page 67] The Carthaginians having offered him great [...]ings to procure a Peace, would have gone [...]om their word upon the arrival of Hannibal; [...]t he, without remission, told them, he [...]ould have five hundred Talents more as a pu­ [...]shment for their recalling him.

The Senate having ordained that he should [...]ke some money out of the publick Treasury, [...]d those that had the keeping of it, refusing open it upon some religious account: Have [...]u the insolence, said he, to refuse me en­ [...]ance? me, who am the cause of it's shut­ [...]g up, By the great sums he had brought in [...]ere?

A couple of Tribunes having accused him [...]f divers Crimes, he presents himself before [...]e People upon the day assigned, and without adeavouring to justifie himself; Sirs, said he, [...]was on this day I vanquished Hannibal, and [...]bdued Carthage, let us go and return thanks [...] [...]the Gods: and thereupon marched direct­ [...] to the Capitol followed by all the People.

Some body taxing him that he was no [...]ouldier: I own it, said he, but I am a Cap­ [...].

He said, that reason subdued men, as bits [...]nd curbs tamed horses.

This Saying is attributed to him, That we must make a golden Bridge for an enemy, and [...]ever give Battle, without a manifest advan­ [...]ge.

Flaminius T. Quintus Flaminius. who was chosen Consul before he [...]ad undergone the other Offices, said to the [...]cheans who would needs undertake an enter­prize [Page 68] without the Peloponese, Remember you quit your Court, if once you put your head out of the shell like a Tortoise. Understood they were surrounded with the Sea, and [...] nothing to defend, but the Straight into Orinth.

All Greece being in a consternation upon t [...] marching in of Antiochus, he to encourage the [...] said once at a great feast as he was admiring the quantity of Dishes; his entertainer to [...] him, that all he saw was Pork disguised in [...] hundred several fashions; and so this vast A [...]my is, only a crowd of cowardly Scythi [...] dressed in several garbs.

He told a turbulent fellow who was danci [...] in company, and made a great deal of spo [...] that he wondered he could be so merry, sin [...] he had made all Greece mourn.

Domitius, Domitius. whom Scipio made Lieutenant [...] his brother taking notice of the multituded the enemies; we will stay, said he, till [...] morrow, to give them Battle, for we ha [...] not day enough left us to kill all those Peo [...]ple, and having done so, he cut off fifty thou [...]sand.

Licinius Publius Licinius. the Consul having lost near three thousand Horse in a Battle against Perseus, to [...] that Prince who besought him to come to a [...] agreement; that he would not admit him b [...] upon discretion. There hath been Bragadoch [...] in all Ages, but the Roman Braggs were ben [...] grounded then others.

Paulus Emilius Paulus Emilius. was wont to say, that [...] General of an Army ought to be old, [...] [Page 69] ther in years or Judgment. That he might do nothing rashly.

Being elected Consul for the second time, because that Prince made war upon them, he [...]old the People he was not obliged to them, [...]nce they chose him only for the need they had [...]f him.

At his return from the Election, his little Daughter coming to him crying, and telling [...]m that her little dog Perseus was dead, he said, he was glad of the augury; because of the resemblance of the name; which proved true [...]n the event.

Being come to the Camp, every one was [...]ery forward to give him their advice, to whom, he said, have you a care but of sight­ing well, and I will take care of the rest.

Having entred Macedonia by the Mountains, & seeing the Enemies ranged in Battalia on the Plains, a young Roman counselling him to attaque [...]hem, so I should, replied he, if I were as young as you are; but experience hath taught me not to expose a wearied Army and out of breath, against fresh Men, that expect them [...]n a good order, and posture.

After his Victory, treating his Friends most splendidly at a thanks-giving Sacrifice, and they much admiring the great preparation, and decent Order, he said, it required as much Judgment to order a Feast well as a Battle.

Perseus imploring him not to lead him in tri­umph, he told him it was in his own power By killing himself. to prevent it, and finding him cowardly and heart­less, [Page 70] he added, You dishonour my Victory and justifie fortune.

Having lost his two Sons, one before the o [...]ther after his Triumph, he said, he was gla [...] Fortune had turned all her spite against him, an [...] spared the Republick.

It being admired he should repudiate his Wife, a Woman of great merit, and of hig [...] Birth, he told them, shewing his Shooe [...] you see this is well made and handsome, but you do not feel where it pinches me.

Cato Cato. espying a man whose great Belly swel­led up to his very Throat, said, What service can that man do for the Commonwealth, or for himself?

As they were erecting several Statues of Men that little deserved it in Rome: I had ra­ther, said he, one should ask, wherefore is there no Statue erected for Cato, then where­fore there is one erected.

His competitors to be Censors; cajolling the People to get the preference; he cryed out a­loud, That the Grievances of the Common­wealth had no need of Mountebanks to flatter them, but of able Physicians to cure them and was first elected.

The Army in Spain being in danger, several offered to go and relieve them, provided they would give them two hundred Talents; he maintained they ought to accept their profer: For if we are Victors, said he, we may pay them with the Enemies mony, if otherwise there will be none left either to demand the Sum, or pay it. Because they would be defeated.

[Page 71] He never reserved any thing for himself [...]ut of the Spoil of the conquered Cities, but distributing all amongst his Souldiers, said, That Honour was the Riches of a General, Or, that it was better many should be made rich, than one.

Some wondering that he did not visit Eume­nes, who was come to Rome, he said that Ty­ranny was an ill-natured Beast. He did not distinguish Royalty or Monarchy, from Tyranny as he ought; for there is no better Government then Monarchy if rightly administred, and Eume­nes was an excellent good Prince, and very wor­thy therefore of due Praise.

He said of those that love to reprehend, That we can bear with the Sting of the Bees, for the sake of the Honey they produce; Be­cause reprehensions instruct.

Making a Speech upon a time at Athens, and his Interpreter being puzled and not able to deliver it so quick, because compelled to use many words where he spake but a few, he said, a Roman Discourse proceeds from the Heart, a Grecians from the Lips.

He admired how two Sooth-Sayers could look one upon each other without laughing. Be­cause of the uncertainty and weakness of that Art, I mean that sort of Divination called Auruspicy, who judged of things to come by inspecting the Intrails of Beasts.

He said of a Son who had revenged the death of his Father, that he had offered him a nobler Sacrifice, than if he had cut the throats of ma­ny Victims on his Tomb.

[Page 72]He told some that praised a rash Head-strong Fellow, there is a great deal of difference be­twixt valuing ones life too little, and ones courage too much.

His Collegue intreating him to release [...] criminal, he said, a Judge makes himself [...] scorn to Porters, when he does not do his duty.

He said, he never gained any thing in all the Cities he had taken, but the non-payment of the expences he made there.

One that was very superstitious being a­mazed that a Mouse had gnawed his Stocking: It would have been a wonder indeed, said he, if the Stocking should have eat the Mouse. There is one very like this of a Lacede­monian.

He said observing the Ladies became Mistres­ses at Rome, that those that commanded the whole World were Slaves to Women.

He compared the People to a Flock of sheep; they being easier led in Flocks, then singly.

These are a part of his Sentences.

That those Judges who do not punish the wicked, are more wicked than the wicked themselves.

That it is better to lose a Present then a correction, because Presents corrupt us, and corrections instruct us. Or that it were better not to be rewarded for good deeds, than not to be chastised for bad.

That he forgave all the World excepting himself.

[Page 73] That it was more becoming for a Young man to blush than to look pale.

That to command others, one must com­mand himself.

That no Witness is so terrible as Consci­ence.

That Power must be used soberly to make it [...]asting. Or, that things must be managed to keep [...]nes credit.

That by dividing Honor from Virtue, we should leave being Virtuous. Because Interest [...]yes often in Vice. This is particularly true in Youth, who seldom endeavours to do well but for Honors sake.

That a Judge should never condescend to pardon, nor wait to be sollicited to do Justice.

That old age had effects enough without adding Peevishness and ill humour. In the Original it is Malice; some say, Turpitude.

That the Publick hath more interest in the punishment of an injury, than he that re­ceives it.

That Anger differs from Madness, but in the matter of time; As being indeed a shorter Madness.

That Hope makes little things great, and great things little. We may say the same of all the Passions.

That he valued more a good Father of a Family, than a good Senator, Because they are harder to find, or, there is more need of them.

That by doing nothing one learns to do evil.

[Page 74] That Friendship was rather to be untied than broken, Because that makes less noise.

That we do not envy those that make good use of their Fortune; because envy respect [...] more the Fortune than the Person.

That it is equally Vicious to be sad in a time of rejoycing, and over merry in sad times. Or, That those who are serious in trifles, are ridiculous in serious affairs.

That worthy things have need of being well written, as good Diamonds of being wel [...] set.

That to let the same Person be too long i [...] the highest employments: is to have too lit­tle regard of the deserts of others, or the dig­nity of the Commonwealth.

That in a Battle, the Voice did as much as the hand, and that he could not love such Sol­diers as snoared louder then they whoop­ed and hallowed.

That the Mode does not only set a value up­on Wares, but upon Vertues, Because People take a pride in being Modish.

That such as have raised themsevles by their Vices, ought to endeavour to regain their re­putation by Virtue.

That Wise men learn more by Fools, than Fools do by wise men; because the Wise are more capable of observing the defects of the Foolish, than the Foolish are of observing the perfections of Wise men. Or of lear­ning from them.

That he had repented him particularly of three things; Of having discovered a secret to [Page 75] a woman, of having gone by water where he might have travell'd by Land, and let one whole day slip without learning any thing.

That a Country House ought not to want Lands, nor the Lands a House. The rest belongs [...]ot to this.

After the taking of Carthage the Inhabitants being fled into a Fortress, Scipio the younger. and some advising the younger Scipio to draw some works about the Place to hinder them from making any Sallies: It is ridiculous to fear those that are afraid, said he. In the Greek it is, To fear the Enemy when the Town is taken.

Endeavouring to be Censor, his rival scoff­ingly telling him, he knew no body, That is, said he, because I have always laboured more to make others know me, then I to know them.

Having obtained it, he saw a man pass by that had made a false Oath: I know, said he, that Fellow is guilty; but no body accusing him, I cannot be Judge and Party both.

Finding some Mules belonging to an Officer loaden with things only to serve his luxury; Thou makest thy self useless for a time, said he, to the Republique, and for ever to thy self.

One bragging of the goodness of his Buckler, he told him a Roman Souldier ought to trust more to his right hand than to his left.

He said a good General, no more then a good Chirurgeon, ought not to use his weapons [Page 76] but in extremity, and they ought to expect a while to do things the more secure­ly.

The People endeavouring to terrifie him with their out-cries, while he was making a Speech in publick: the cry of the Enemies ne­ver daunted me, said he, in the Field of Battle, nor shall the Peoples in a sedition: and when the Mutineers, cryed out that they must slay the Tyrant: It is true, said he, you must pass through me to attaque the Republick.

When Rome believed her self to be in most safety, after the ruine of Carthage, Scipio Na­sica Scipio Na­sica. said, She was then in most danger, having no Enemies to keep them upon their Guard. Which made Metellus say after a signal Victory, That he knew not whether that Advantage would procure more good or harm to the Re­publick, Because we are apt to run into pleasures and idleness.

Metellus Cecilius Metellus. deliberating whether he should make an assault, a Captain assured him, that with the loss of ten men they might carry the Fort: Will you be one of those ten? said he. This was a good answer for a wary man but not of a Souldier, who must not fear the loss of a few, to be the sooner Master of a place.

Some body asking him what he would do the next day: I should burn my own shirt replied he, if it knew my secrets. Designs in War must be kept private.

He lamented the death of Scipio, though his Enemy, and would have his Children carry [Page 77] him to his Funeral Pile; adding that he [...]anked the Gods that so great a Captain [...]as born a Citizen of Rome, and not of Car­ [...]age.

Popilius Popilius. being deputed to carry some orders from the Senate to the great Antiochus, deli­vered his dispatches to him, without any sa­ [...]utation, and that Prince having told him, [...]e would consider of it, he drew a circle [...]ound about him with his Wand, and said, he must do it before he stirred out of that [...]ring. This confidence touched that Prince so sensibly, that he promised to obey, and thereupon Popilius saluting him, embraced him.

Drusus M. Drusus. being Tribune of the People, had the insolence to say, to the Senate who sent for him, Why do not they come themselves to me? which the Senate did.

Scevola Q. Scevola [...] having purchased an Inheritance which he never surveyed, and having after­wards found it much better than he thought it, gave a greater price for it proportionably, alledging, that he should have given as much at first had he known the true value.

Sylla committing great Murthers in Rome, he said, with whom shall we live henceforwards since we slay our Citizens in times of Peace, as well as in times of War?

Catullus Luctatius Catullus. put himself in the Head of his Fly­ing Army to make them believe, said he, they do not run away, but only follow their Com­mander.

Scaurus accused of Treasons: M. Scaurus. Sirs, said he, [Page 78] a Rascal accuses me of betraying the Repub­lick; I assert the contrary: which do you believe? He was absolved by the People without any further examination in the Cause.

Lucius Crassus Lucius Crassus. refusing obedience to a Consul that treated him unhandsomely, said, he would not treat him as a Consul, who did not treat him as a Senator.

An Architect having told Livius Drusus, Livius Drusus. that for a small charge he could prevent any body from looking into his House: I would give thee twice as much, replied he, if thou couldest make all the world look into it. To show he lived exemplarily.

Marius C. Marius. having been denied a Command, desired another much inferiour the same day, not to be quite neglected, said he, and to compell fortune, if we may so say.

Having Ulcers in his Legs, he caused an incision to be made in one without being tied, or making the least noise; but when they would have done as much to the other; Hold, said he, the remedy is worse then the disease, and sent the Chyrurgeon packing.

Being solicited for revenge against a beau­tiful Youth who had killed one of his Ne­phews that would have violated him: He is worthy of a Recompence, said he, and shewed him honour. He put a Crown upon his Head.

His Souldiers wanting water in his Wars a­gainst the Teutonicks and Cimbri, he told them, that they must go and fetch some of that which ran close by the Enemies Camp.

[Page 79] Being reproached for having bestowed the [...]riviledge of Burghership on his Soldiery with­out observing the due forms and customs, could not, said he, hear the Voice of the [...]aw, amidst the clattering of Arms.

In the Wars of the Allys, one of their Ge­ [...]erals holding him besieged in his Camp, sent [...]im word that if he were so brave a man as was [...]eputed, he should come out and fight, 'Tis [...]ou, replied he, if you are a Great Captain [...]hat ought to force me out. I have put this be­fore to Antigonus.

Sylla who was called the Happy, reckoned amongst his good fortunes the taking of the City of Athens, and the gaining the Friend­ship of Metellus, Whereof the one was taken by Storm after a long Siege without reducing it to ashes, and the other was one of the most worthy men of his time.

Being necessitated to seize upon the Trea­sures of the Temples for payment of his Sol­diers, some body gave him notice, that as they were going to plunder that of Delphos, they heard the sound of Instruments: Courage says he, it is a good Sign, for those do not use to play on Fiddles that are angry. Because Apollo held a Violin in his hand.

His Soldiers having beaten a Magistrate of Rome to death with cudgels, in the civil Wars, he said, they would do the better Service here­after to repair the shame for such an Action. Indeed, he was not in a Capacity to punish them, the Soldiers being their own masters in a time of Ci­vil War.

[Page 80] At the Siege of Athens, he said to the Amba [...]sadours, that came to tell him old stories That he was not come thither to be taught, b [...] to be obeyed.

To stop his Soldiers from flying in a Fight he snatched an Ensign, and turning toward the Enemy, If you are asked, said he to hi [...] men, where you left your General, tell the [...] you left him fighting the Enemy in the Fields of Orcomenes. The place of Battle.

At an enterview with Mithridates, he asked him, without any other ceremony, Whether he would make good his Agreement? and find­ing him silent, it behoves those, said he, that stand in need of Peace to ask it: then seeing he wavered, he reproached his perfidiousness, and told him, when he was about to excuse himself, That he must needs be very Eloquent, if he could find out any words would bear an ex­cuse.

As he was causing the Throats of seven thou­sand men to be cut at one time, the Senate who were near hearing their cryes: It is nothing, Sirs, said he, but some seditious Fellows I have caused to be punished.

Having resigned the Dictatorship, a Youth following with Menaces and injurious language; This young Boy, said he, will another time hinder any but my self from doing as I have done.

He said that Caesar was worse then Marius, and would have put him to death, had not his Friends prevented it. Or, that there were many Marius 's in Caesar.

[Page 81] Crassus Marcus Crassus. said, that a private man was not rich, he had not enough to maintain an Army. [...]his were better a [...]irmed of a Prince, [...]r what has a private Person to do with an [...]rmy?

He said, that a good servant was the chief­ [...]st Furniture of a House, and kept a great number of Slaves; but that was a part of the Revenue of the Ancients, and not an [...]pence.

He first shook hands with Pompey upon a re­ [...]nciliation, as who should say, he that first [...]eturns is the worthiest.

The Parthians having sent him a very haugh­ [...] Embassy, he told them, He would return [...]s Answer in Seleucia, which was their Capital [...]ity.

Being importuned to know what he would [...]o in a business of consequence: I will do, said [...]e, what shall be for the Benefit of the Com­monwealth.

The intrails of the Victims falling out of his [...]ands in the Wars against the Parthians, he [...]erceiving they made an Ominous interpreta­ [...]ion of it: The Sword, said he, shall not fall out of my Hand in battle.

The Enemy causing the Head of his Son to [...]e carried on the point of a Launce; let not [...]hat trouble you, said he, to his Soldiers, this [...]ffront concerns none but my self.

Lucullus being ready to give Battle to Tigra­ [...]es, they came and told him, Lucullus. it was an un­lucky day: The better, said he, we will make [...] fortunate by our Victory.

[Page 82] He told his Soldiers; who apprehende [...] the Enemies foot, because they had [...] good Armour on: they would put the [...] to more trouble in killing them then in routin [...] them.

Pompey finding some fault with an House [...] had in the Country, because it was only fit for [...] Summer Seat: Sure I have as much W [...] as the Cranes, (or Swallows,) that change their Habitation with the season, said he.

Thanks being returned by some for that [...] had treated them with great Magnificence: [...] did not do that, replied he, so much for yo [...] as for my self. So, to his Steward once ex [...] ­sing himself that he entertained him [...] better, because he was alone: Did not yo [...] know, said he, that I was to dine with my self Vnderstand he was very Voluptuous. [...] the Original it is, that Lucullus was to dine with Lucullus.

When some would have perswaded him to attaque a Camp, where there was much danger, he said, I would rather save one Roman Souldier, then gain all the Enemies Plunder.

Fulvius Fulvius. slaying his Son with his own hands, who was going to joyn with Cataline, said, I brought thee up to defend thy native Country, not to oppress it.

Pompey who was as much beloved of the Ro­mans as his Father had been hated, got an Ar­my together as soon as ever he was but out of his Child-hood, and Sylla having sent for him [Page 83] he said, he would never present himself before [...]im till he was victorious.

His Army being upon a March, he caused [...]e Swords of all his men to be tyed in their [...]abbards, to hinder them, said he, from robbing [...]nd murthering by the way.

Having quieted the troubles in Sicily, as [...]e Mamertins were alledging something in [...]heir Excuse; will you never, said he, leave [...]rging the law to them, that have the Sword [...] hand?

Being resolved to put them all to the Sword, [...]e that commanded them offering his own Throat as the sole Author of that disturbance [...]ying withal, The innocent ought not to be [...]unished for the guilty: Pompey was so moved with it, that he replied, That, for that time [...]e guilty should obtain pardon for the inno­cent, and forgave them all for his sake.

His Soldiers willing to proclaim him Impe­ [...]ator after he had vanquished Domitius in Africk, [...]e said, he would never take that name while [...]he Enemy's Camp was in being, and went [...]mmediately and took it in despite of all op­position.

Sylla refusing him the honour of a Triumph because of his age, he told him, It is the rising [...]un is adored, the setting Sun neglected, which made him relent. But a Senator oppo­ [...]ing it with diverse Soldiers, who claimed what he had promised them, he said, That Triumphs were not to be bought; this made him appear worthy of it to the Senator himself [...]hat had opposed it.

[Page 84] It was the custome of the Roman Hors [...] men, after the appointed time for their Ser­vice was expired, to lead their Horse before the Censor, and give him an account un­der what Generals they had served. He performed this Ceremony whilst he wa [...] Consul, and told him he had never ser­ved but under himself. He commanded very young.

Finding amongst Sertorius's papers several Letters from the great men in Rome, he said [...] We must allow the means of repentance to those that have failed. And burnt them all with­out reading one.

The King of Parthia having sent to intrea [...] the Romans to make the River Euphrates the li­mits of their Empire, he said, there ought to be no other but Justice.

Lucullus having quitted all Employments to follow his pleasures, finding fault with him for keeping his Command, he asked him, whe­ther lust were more commendable in an old man, then ambition in a young?

His Physician having in a Fit of Sickness, prescribed him some Wild-Fowl, that was not to be had but of Lucullus; What, said he, could not Pompey live, if Lucullus were not dain­ty? and refused it.

After the death of Sylla the Roman People having put all their Power into his hands: When can I live at ease, said he? 'Tis the wishes of all Ambitious Men, but they will not quit their employments for it.

Having gotten together great quantities of [Page 85] Corn from all parts to be carried to Rome, who were dying for want, and his Pilot disswading him from failing because of the stormy wea­ther: It is necessary, said he, that I should go, not that I should live. It was necessary he should set forward, because the City could subsist no longer. It was not necessary he should live, because some other might have performed that Commission. Bold expressions are [...]ot to be minced.

Cato reproaching him that he had often fore­told him, that the Power of Caesar which he abetted, would prove one day fatal to the Commonwealth, he replied, That Cato was most clear-sighted, and he most charitable or human.

He was wont to say, that he had both taken up, and resigned his Commands, contrary to mens expectations; for he did the first whilst very young, and the last whilst very powerful.

When Caesar assaulted his Camp after his defeat; What, said he, in our very Camp? He thought he would not have utterly ruined him.

Going into the Vessel wherein he was mur­thered, he said, Whoever puts himself under another's power, becomes a Slave, how free soever he was. This is a Verse in Euripi­des.

Caesar Caesar. courting the Pontificat, said to his Mother, taking leave of her the day of Election, That she should find he would be that day either Soveraign Pontif, or banish­ed.

[Page 86] Having repudiated his Wife for suspicio [...] of adultery; some endeavouring to perswade him to shew his resentment, he replied, Than he did not believe her guilty; but yet the wife of Caesar ought not only to be free from the Crime but the suspicion too. This was [...] avoid owning the Affront, as I before noted in Pi­sistratus.

It is said, he wept upon sight of the Sta­tue of Alexander, for not having performed any thing at that time of his Age, wherein the other had subdued above half the World. It was the same Ambition made him declare, he would rather chuse to be the first in a Vil­lage, than the second man in Rome.

He said that bold undertakings were to be put in execution without deliberation, and ha­ving passed the Rubicon, said, the dice is cast, as leaving the rest to Fortune.

Going into Spain, Pompey who was in Asia. he told them, that he was marching against an Army without a General, and that afterwards he would seek out a Ge­neral without an Army.

One that had the keeping of the publick Treasury endeavouring to hinder him from ha­ving any of it, he told him, threatning to kill him, That it were easier for him to do it, then say it; and that he ought to make a difference between the times when laws were in force, and when Arms were so.

His Forces delaying to pass over into Illy­ria, he got himself alone into a Challop to fetch them, and perceiving the Pilot apprehend a Tempest: Fear not, said he, thou carriest [Page 87] Caesar and his Fortune.

Being in one day twice beaten by Pompey, he said, I had been lost, if my Enemy had known how to gain. Or to improve his ad­vantage.

Pharnaces being defeated, he sent word to Rome, I came, I saw, I overcame, to shew with what speed he obtained a Victory.

He said, he bore some envy for the death of Cato, because Cato had enviously robbed him of some glory. The Glory he should have had to Par­don him.

Some would have insinuated he ought to have a jealousie of Anthony and Dollabella, but he replied, There could be no just fear or ap­prehension of any treachery in such chear­ful and merry Countenances; but of such pale and wan Complexions as Cassius and Bru­ [...]us.

Having upon a rout, stopped an Ensign that was [...]lying, he turned his Face towards the Enemy, and said; 'Tis there you must charge.

Crowning a Wrestler whose competitor he had favoured, he told him, Thou triumphest in despite of Caesar.

Perceiving his Soldiers startled at the ap­proach of Iuba in Affrick, he told them, That Prince came with ten Legions, a hundred thou­sand foot lightly armed, thirty thousand horse, and three hundred Elephants [...] and that they should not doubt, the truth of it, for, that he knew it very well, Thereby to turn their astonish­ment into railery.

[Page 88]A Tribune not rising up to him upon the day of his Triumph: Call me to account for my Actions, said he to him: and afterwards whe [...] he granted any favours he would add, If is pleaseth Pontius Aquilla, which was that Tri­bunes name.

The People having saluted and called him King, He told them, I am called Caesar, yet omitted not to punish those Officers who had imprisoned the Man that crowned his Statue. Because, said he, they have robbed me of the honour of punishing him my self. Or of refusing that honour.

Upon the information that they were laying Ambushes for him, he said, it were better to die once, then to live ever in fear.

He was wont to say, That if Laws were ever to be broken, it should be to gain a Crown.

Falling down upon his first descent in Africa, he said he held Africk under him. To make a good Omen of an ill one.

Some few days before his death, his Friends disputing in his presence, which was the best: he said, the least foreseen death.

When they would have pardoned one of his Questors whom they had taken: Caesar's Soldi­ors, said he, are wont to give others their lives, but not to accept of it from any one, and so killed himself.

Scipio Scipio Fa­ther in law Pompey. perceiving one of his Friends to favour another man for the obtaining the Consulship, said, That Dignity would be too dearly pur­chased [Page 89] should he obtain it in opposition to his [...]riend, and desisted.

Having thrust his Sword through his Body after his defeat, some asking him, where is the General, he is very well, replied he.

Cato Cato Utica. being blamed for his taciturnity: no [...]atter, said he, for my speaking, provided I can act well.

When they would have given him the pre­ [...]erence in a thing wherein his lot had not pro­ [...]ed favourable; I will not, said he, triumph [...] despite of Fortune.

Beholding a world of Soldiers in a spacious Place in Arms against him: O the great Cow­ard Caesar, said he, to muster up so many men against me alone. Never did any man call Cae­sar coward, but this same.

Pompey desiring two of his kindred in mar­ [...]iage, the one for himself, the other for his [...]on, thereby to engage him on his side: I ne­ver give any Hostages, replyed he, against the Commonwealth.

Having refused the entrance into his House to a friend, he excused it upon the ac­count, that too much Familiarity breeds con­tempt.

The Senate applauding him for having ap­peased the People by his Presence in a sedition: But I cannot applaud you Sirs, said he, for expo­sing me, or forsaking me.

Having rivall'd a friend in the pursuit of some dignity: he pleaded, that it was no strange thing to see two friends contend where their honour was concerned.

[Page 90]Observing that Pompey was unsuccessful whe [...] he took part with the good, and fortunate when he opposed them, he said, The secret [...] of Providence were past our understand­ings.

After his Country was ruined, he said, That Cato was not overcome, but his Fortune; and chose rather to die then submit to the Con­queror.

Some disputing the Honour of the Com­mand with him, after Pompey's defeat: we must not wonder, said he, that we have bee [...] vanquished, having more regard to a vain Ho­nour then for a Victory.

When Caesar demanded a Thanksgiving should be kept for a Victory he had gained by surprize, he was of opinion they should rather resign him to the Enemy that they might re­venge his treachery.

He said, that of all those that had attaqued the Commonwealth Caesar only was wise, the rest were all either Fools or Mad­Men.

He advised to bestow the Soveraign Autho­rity upon Pompey, because those that commit great Faults, are the only Persons able to reme­dy them.

Cicero rallying upon his own Name, Cicero. which in Latine signifies a Pease, said, he would ren­der it more illustrious then those of Scaurus, Cato's, or Catullus, and to consecrate the Etymology, after he had put the name of Marcus T [...]llius upon an Offering which he dedicated to a Temple, he graved a Pease thereon.

[Page 91]He said, that Orators made most noise, when [...]hey had least reason, as men get on horseback, when they cannot go on foot.

That that was true honour which we de­ [...]ived not from any others, but owed only to our selves.

That considering the spirit and ambition of Caesar, he apprehended that he would make himself Master of the Common-wealth; but on the other side his luxury and softness made his apprehensions vanish.

When he had declared himself, he said [...] find that I ought to flye, but I doe not find that I ought to follow; because one party was the more strong, and the other the more [...]ust.

At his coming to the Camp, Pompey asked him, where is your Son-in-law? He re­plied, with your father-in-Law; which pinched him much more then he was pinched, because from that marriage proceeded the [...]uine of the Republik.

Caesar having caused the Statues of Pompey to be repaired, after his defeat: Cicero said, he had thereby secured his own. The remain­der is amongst those Apophthegmes that are purely pleasant.

Antony said, that the Roman Grandeur ap­peared more in what they gave, Anthony. then in what they took, whereby he understood their con­quests, and their revenues. Because sometimes they bestowed Crowns.

Upon the death of Cleopatra, he said, he did not so much bewail her death, as he envied [Page 92] her glory, in having prevented his dying first [...] b [...] that report proved false, for she died not till a [...] him.

His Son making a great present to one tha [...] was afraid to accept of it: The youn­ger Antony. What doest tho [...] fear, said he, knowest thou not that I am the Son of Antony?

Brutus M. Brutus. lifting his Eyes towards Heaven, at the Battle at Philippi: Do not forget, O [...] Iupiter, said [...] he, who is the cause of all these troubles.

Being disswaded from engaging in that fight: there can no ill betide me, replied he, for I shall be killed, or be Conqueror: and when he was wished to save himself after his de­feat, he said, we must save our selves by our hands, not with our feet, by slaying them­selves.

He would not have Antony murthered with Caesar, that we may not stain, said he, so noble an enterprize with the Blood of the Innocent. That caused the ruine of the Common­wealth.

His wife having wounded her self with a Knife a little before the battle or the conspira­cy, Portia. To practise, said she, to kill her self if the success were contrary.

Cassius being yet a Child, gave a box on the ear to Sylla's Son, Cassius. who vaunted of the Tyran­ny of his Father; and heing brought for the same before Pompey: Assume again, said he, the confidence to brag of it here, that you may have a second blow.

After the murthering of Caesar, meeting with [Page 93] Antony, and talking somewhat boldly to him, Antony asked him whether he had his dagger still? Yes, replyed he, for those that affect Tyranny, Or, that durst attempt against the Commonwealth.

Being treated as a King or Soveraign, after the taking of Rhodes: I am not so, said he, but the murtherer of a Tyrant.

A King of Thracia, who had forsaken An­tony's party, to espouse that of Augustus, bragged of it as a good action. I love the Treason, said Augustus, but I do not love the Traitor.

Being counselled not to declare himself the Heir to Caesar, because of the great power of his Enemies, he told them, he would not shew himself unworthy of the rank to which fortune had called him.

He said, that to expose ones self to great dangers for small matters, was to fish with a golden hook, where one may lose more then can be gotten.

The Inhabitants of Alexandria fearing to be roughly treated after the defeat of Antony, he told them, he did pardon them, as well for the honour of their founder, and of their City, as for the consideration of Arius the Philosopher, who was his friend, and made him sit down by him on his Tribunal.

Some having presented him a little note, in Cicily, wherein was written: The Treasurer Theodorus is a thief; he underwrit, It seems a truth, and put another into his place. The History tells us, he had displaced him before he re­ceived this note.

[Page 94] Athenodorus the Philosopher who was lea [...] ­ing the Court by reason of his great age, hav­ing advised him, at his taking his leave, no [...] to do any thing in his anger till he had repeated the four and twenty letters of the Alphabet, b [...] took this for a hint that he was too passionate, and telling him he wanted him, kept him ano­ther year at Court.

Hearing that Alexander after his return from his Conquests, was troubled to know what he should do all the rest of his life: and yet it is not, said he a lesser Vertue to govern a Kingdom well, then to conque [...] one.

Having caused that Princes Sepulchre to be opened to contemplate him; being asked whe­ther he would not likewise see Ptolomy? I was minded, replyed he, to see Alexander, and not a dead Carkase.

He said to a Nephew of his, whom he was sending into Armenia: I wish thee the courage of Alexander, and my own Fortune, and that thou mayst be beloved of the People as much as Pompey was.

Speaking of Tiberius, he said, he left a Suc­cessor that never had deliberated twice upon the same thing; Either from the soundness of his Iudgment or his Constancy.

Two young Officers quarrelling before him in the full Senate: Give ear, young men, said he, to an old one, to whom old men hearkned unto when he was young.

An Illustrious Grecian having committed some insolence, he told him, he forgave him, in [Page 95] consideration of his Family, there being none [...]ft but himself.

He wrote to the Athenians, who had done [...]mething that displeased him, that he was very [...]ngry with them, but without any design of [...]oing them displeasure.

He said to Piso, who had built a magnificent [...]alace, That that made him believe Rome would [...]e Eternal, since their structures promised an e­ternal duration: and likewise said, he would [...]eave it all of Marble, though he found it but of Bricks.

One designing to make extraordinary court­ship accused Cato in his presence: To defend the Laws of ones Country is the part of an ho­nest man, said he.

His Daughter causing her grey hairs to be pulled out; he without seeming to take any no­tice, asked her, whether she would rather have no hair, then such as she then had? she answered no: Why does your dresser strive; replied he, to make you bald then?

Observing some certain strangers that made much of little Dogs and Monkeys, he asked, if there were no children in their Country. Be­cause it is ordinarily such people as have no Children that do so.

He had alwaies this saying in his Mouth, That we should do nothing pecipitately; which he expressed in Greek in these words, Haste you slowly. and affirmed that a thing was done soon enough, when it was well done.

To shew that Honour ought to be dear­er then Interest, he said he would rather be­stow [Page 96] the right of exemption, than the right of Burghership.

The People making complaint to him of th [...] dearness of Wine, he sent them to those Fou [...] ­tains which his Son-in-Law had brought int [...] the City.

To oblige a Parricide to deny his Crime, b [...] said to him, most certainly thou hast not mu [...] ­thered thy Father.

A friend of his maintaining a slanderer wh [...] had often bit him: You feed, said he, a [...] ill-natured Beast: and the other replying [...] he would turn him away if he pleased: No said he, It was I that made you so good Friends.

As he was eating at anothers, a servant ha­ving by chance broken a Crystal Jarr, cast him­self at his feet to implore that he might not be given to the Lampries, not refusing any other manner of Death; for that monster of cruelty fed perhaps those Fish with humane bodies to make them more delicious; At which Augu­stus in wrath caused all the Crystal Vessels to be broken that were left; as being the instrumen­tal cause, said he, of the cruelty of his Friend, after he had reproached him severely for his crime.

An Advocate having said in a cause, that such a one had spoken ill of him, he reply'd you shall be revenged by speaking ill of him, when your turn comes. Another time he said, it was enough that he could do him no ill.

He never recommended his Children to the People, without adding, If they deserve it.

[Page 97] When he was dying, he asked his Friends whether he had acted his part well, and spoke [...]o them as they are wont to do at the end of [...] Comedy: Clap your hands if the Play have [...]leased you?

Augustus having gently chid his Daughter, Iulia. because she had dressed her self too gawdily, [...]he next day she attired her self more mo­ [...]estly, and he praising her for it: I dressed [...]ny self to day, said she, for my Father, and [...]esterday to please my Husband. She [...]ad spoken true, if she had said, for her Gal­ [...]ant.

She being exhorted to imitate the modesty of her Father; said, he has forgot he is a Prince, but I have not forgot I am an Empe­ [...]ors Daughter.

Agrippa said, Agrippa [...] a Soveraign cannot endure Sub­ [...]ects that are greater then himself.

That Princes left the most difficult under­takings to others, and reserved the more ea­sie to themselves: Or rather, That one must [...] [...]ake the danger to ones self, and leave the Ho­nour of the thing to the Prince. It is said likewise, That Princes leave the Acts of Justice to the Subjects, and reserve those of mercy to themselves.

Tiberius would not suffer any one should call him Lord, it being then a divine Title; nor that they should say, his Sacred Employ­ments: and one telling him, he was come to attend the Senate by his order: No, said he, but by my advice.

He scoffed at those, who after three score [Page 98] years of age, made use of any Physician, Beca [...] they ought in that length of time to have observe [...] sufficiently what would do them good, and what w [...] hurtful.

He did not often change those that were i [...] Offices, or Governments, and gave this fo [...] his reason, That Flies do not bite so muc [...] when they are glutted. Or fresh Leeches suc [...] most Blood. The one is more for the advantage [...] the Subject, the other of the Prince.

Being pressed to punish the Authors of some Libels, he told them, That in a free Tow [...] their Tongues ought to be free likewise. And the Senate continuing their Complaints, he added, That they had other business enough to do, and if once they should set ope [...] that Door, they should be able to do nothing else.

The Treasurers of the Provinces being of opinion that the Taxes should be encreased, he said, The Sheep ought to be sheared, but not flayed.

Being informed that a criminal had made a­way himself, he said, He had escaped from his vengeance.

And another beseeching him to hasten his Death, he added, That he was not yet re­conciled to him. And indeed, his Tutor said of him when he was young, That he was compounded of Dirt and Blood mingled, because of his sullen and cruel Humor.

His Mother declared that a chast woman was no more moved at the sight of a naked man then of a Statue. Lucia.

[Page 99] Caligula Caligula. speaking of his Subjects, said, Let them hate me, provided they fear me. Another time he said, There is no man besides the So­veraign but ought to be frugal. Whereas in truth it may be said on the contrary, That none ought [...]o be so frugal as the Soveraign, because none is at [...]o great expence: Or has so many occasions of ex­ [...]ending.

The Emperor Claudius Claudius. being Censor, sent home a young debauched Fellow without any punishment, he hath, said he, a Father to cha­ [...]tize him.

Having restored a man to his Fame, he said, The scar of that infamy would remain, though the wound was healed.

The Astrolog [...]rs having foretold Agrippina, Agrippina. that her Son would put her to death, if ever he came to be Emperor: Let him kill me, said she, provided he Reign. And when she was [...]lain by his Command, she said, point­ing to her Belly, 'Tis there you should strike. For having brought forth a Mon­ster.

Nero being to sign a Sentence of Death [...] would to God, Nero. said he, I did not know how to write.

Dying, he said, he had neither Friends nor Enemies, Because none would either save him, nor kill him.

He said of Thrasia, It were to be wished he loved his Prince as much as Justice.

Galba Galba. having made a great Present to a Mu­sician that had pleased him; This is not out of the publick Treasury, said he, 'tis of my [...] [Page 100] To shew that Princes ought not to squander that Gratuities.

Vespasian Vespasian. said to a young perfumed Galla [...] That he had rather he should have smelt of Ga [...]lick then perfume, and for that reason took [...] Government from him.

He said to one that had conspired again [...] him, That it was the Gods that bestowed E [...] ­pires, Or, that it was an effect of Fortune not of Merit.

Having done good to an enemy, he said, He will remember it.

His Son being offended that he had set a Tri­bute upon Urine, he told him, making him smell to a piece of money that was part of that Tribute, it smells of nothing. Retice [...] hath rendered it, That profit smells well from when [...] soever it is gathered. My Lord Bacon gives [...] thus. Vespasian set a Tribute upon Vrine: Ti [...] his Son, emboldened himself to speak to his Fathe [...] of it, and represented it as a thing indigne and for­did. Vespasian said nothing for the time; but [...] while after when it was forgotten, sent for a piece of Silver out of the Tribute Money; and called to his Son bidding him smell to it; and asked hi [...] whether he found any Offence? Who said, no: Why so, saith Vespasian agen; Yet this comes o [...] of Vrine.

A private man having quarrelled with a Se­nator, he declared that we ought not first to speak injuriously of a Senator, but that we might reply. Or that so much respect was to be allowed them, as not to begin with them, but o [...] was not bound to suffer any affronts from them, but [Page 101] if they spoke injuriously, it might be retorted.

Raising himself up a little before he died, he said, A Prince ought to die standing.

The Emperor Titus Titus. being reproached for promising more then he could perform, he said, That no man ought to go away discon­ [...]ented from the Presence of his Prince. It seems his very denials ought to be pleasingly contri­ [...]ed.

One day being spen [...] which he had bestow­ed nothing; Friends said he, I have lost this day.

Domitian Domitian. said, that Princes passed for Tyrants [...]inridding themselves of such as they suspected, or otherwise they suffered themselves to be de­stroyed to keep their reputation: Some attri­bute it to Adrian.

He added that such as gave Ear to slanderers are worse then slanderers. Because they are the cause that there are any.

Nerva Nerva. said, He sought an Heir, not to in­herit his riches, but for the Empire. As being more important to chuse a King then a Succes­sor.

Trajan Trajan. said, he would shew himself such to­wards his Subjects, as he wished they might be towards him. Or, such as he wished when a pri­vate Man, that his Prince might be to him.

He said to the Governour of Rome, putting the sword into his hand, which was the token of his power: Take this sword, and make use of it for me, if I do well, and against me if I do ill.

The Emperour Adrian Adrian. used to say, that a [Page 102] good Prince did not believe the goods of his subjects to be his. And meeting one of his Enemies after he was become Emperour; he said aloud to him, you have nothing to fea [...] now; As being lifted too high to think of reveng [...] against a private person.

He said, that [...]ings ought not to be Kings in all things; that is to say, not to use their power in every thing [...].

The People desiring him to set one of his Slaves at liberty, he said, they must not thus dispose of other mens goods.

He sent one to bestow a box on the Ear upon one of his Servants who was walking betwixt two Senators, and said, he ought to remem­ber they might be his Masters one day.

His intended Successor being infirm, he said, he leaned upon a falling Wall.

He said the Treasure of Princes was like the Spleen, which never swells, but as the other parts consume. To instruct them to spare their Sub­jects Purses.

Dying he said that the multitude of Physici­ans had killed him.

He said to some Lawyers that desired that they might be allowed to plead, That they had no want of leave but of ability.

His wife ascending the Capitol after his e­lection: Plotina. May I live, said she, in this dignity, as I lived before this was obtained.

Antonine Antonine. the Emperor, said, That Marriage was not a title of voluptuousness, but of digni­ty, thereby excusing the pleasure he took with other Women.

[Page 103]When some would have hindered his Son from weeping for the death of his Tutor, Mar­cus Aurelius Marcus Aurelius. said, suffer him to be a Man, before he come to be a Prince.

Being advised to repudiate his Wife who [...]led an ill life: Let us then restore the Empire to her, said he, which she brought in Marri­age.

He ever consulted with his Friends, be­fore he would undertake any thing, because said he, It is more rational for one to fol­low the advice of many, then many that of one.

At his Dying, he told them they should ra­ther think of death than of him, and more of the Common Fate of all men, than of his alone, adding that he recommended his Son to them, and to the Gods likewise if he were deser­ving.

The Emperor Pertinax being counselled to save himself from the fury of the Praetorian Pertinax. Co­horts: What have I done, said he, for this?

It hath been said of the Emperor Severus, Severus. as well as of Augustus: That he should never have been born, or that he never should have dy­ed.

His Soldiers having declared his Son Empe­ror; whilst he had the Gout, he caused him­self to be carried to the Camp; and having punished their insolence: I will make you know, said he, that it is the Head commands, and not the feet.

At his death, He had passed all the Offices of the Em­pire. he said, that he had been all things, and yet all that served for nothing, That is to say against Death.

[Page 104]He would not suffer the proud Inscriptio [...] that had been fixed under the Statue of Pescenn [...] ­us, to be defaced: Whether he were such or no, said he, it is still the more honor to have thus defeated him.

Pescennius would have all the Judges to be al­lowed sufficient Salaries, Pescennius. to do their duties, said he, without Bribes.

The Egyptian Soldiers asking him for Wine, he shewed them the River Nilus, and when they refused to fight unless they had some, he told them, they were to engage with an Ene­my that drank nothing but water.

He said, he would please whilst he was liv­ing, and be praised after his death: and as one would have rehearsed a Panegyrick in his praise, make one upon some famous Captain of a for­mer age, to serve me for an example, said he.

Caracalla causing his Brother to be consecra­ted, Caracalla. whom he had killed; no matter, said he, whether he be a God, so he be dead.

Alexander Severus retrenched a great many of his Domestick Servants, Alexander Severus. saying, The Em­perors had been ill Husbands in feeding so ma­ny useless mouths.

He said, it was not Gold that made our offe­rings become acceptable, but Piety.

That we must wish for good and suffer evil.

That pleasing things were delightful, and hardships glorious. One of the Antients said, to the same purpose, That trouble marched before Vertue, and after Vice: but that Pleasure followed [Page 105] Vertue, and Vice was followed by Repentance.

That the Publick Safety depended on good [...]rmies, and that a Prince ought to take more [...]are of his Forces, then of himself.

That he that sold a Princes favours, sold [...]moak. He caused one of his favorites to be burnt [...]ith green wood for having done so.

That Friends must be preserved with good [...]eeds, and Enemies gained with fair [...]ords.

That Soldiers defended their baggage with [...]ore heat then their lives.

That a Thief maintained himself by giving lit­ [...]le, and taking much.

That by making the Majesty of Empire mild­ [...]r, it became the more supportable.

He solicited a man that had obliged him, to [...]sk some recompence, that I may not, said he, [...]ie his debtor.

He would not suffer any Office in places of Judicature to be sold; saying it were not [...]trange to sell, what one bought. He meant Iustice.

Some Vintners contending with the Christi­ans about a House, he said, it were better they should adore a God there, let him be what he would, then make it a Tavern.

The Souldiers interrupting a speech he made with their loud shouts; those should be used against the Enemy, said he, and not against your Prince.

He would not employ persons of The Greek says Free­men. conditi­on, in any service of his, and said, That per­sonal service was the Office of a Slave.

[Page 106] He said upon the punishment of a Friend that his Friends were very dear; but the Com­monwealth was yet dearer.

The Emperor Aurelian having threatned [...] rebellious City that he would not spare a dog let all the Dogs be destroyed, Aurelina. said he, and spare the Inhabitants.

Saturninus said to his Soldiers, Saturninus. who woul [...] make him Emperor, That they would lose [...] good Commander, to find a bad Prince. Thi [...] is to say, he was a better Soldier, then a Politicia [...] or Ruler.

Tacitus the Emperor being denied some fa­vour which he requested of the Senate: Tacitus. They know, said he, they have to do with a Prince that can bear it.

Probus made his Soldiers work when they had no Wars: Probus. That they may not eat the Publick Stock undeservedly.

Seeing a very fleet Horse, he said, it was a fit Beast for a Coward.

Diocletian said, Diocletian. there was nothing harder then to govern well, because of the continual Ambushes in and whispering underminings of Princes Ears to betray them.

He told those who would have recalled him to the Government after he had quitted it: That if they had but seen his Gardens at Salona, they would never have pro­pounded it to him. Because of the Sweet­ness of Repose, and the Pleasantness of Gar­dening.

The Emperor Iulian expell'd from his Court the Multitude of Eunuchs, Iulian. Barbers, and Cooks,

[Page 107]The first because having then no Wife, Customs. he had no need of them; the last, because, said [...]e, I eat no curious meats nor high Sauces: and the other, because one was enough for a [...]reat many.

The Soldiers of Valentinian endeavouring to oblige him to do somewhat contrary to his Will, Valenti­nian. he told them, They had chosen him vo­ [...]untarily, but he would make them obey whe­ther they would or no.

The young Theodosius was so far from put­ting any to death, Theodosius the young­er. that he said, he wished [...]e could call the dead to life again.

CUSTOMS OF LACEDEMONIA, According to Plutarque.

BEfore the producing the Apophthegmes of the Lacedemonians, Plutarque hath made a little digression concerning their Customes, to shew the near relation and [Page 108] agreement there is between their sayings & their manner of life. Customs of the Lacede­monians. By his example I have drawn an Extract out of a Treatise composed by * Xenophon to satisfie the Readers curiosity, It follows after this same. be­cause the thing is well done, and consisting of matters so remote from our times, and Me­thods, I thought it well worthy our know­ledge, were it only to discover the ground and principles upon which those great Men founded their Actions.

The Lacedemonians, did eat all together in great Inns and the oldest told the last comers, nothing is to be exposed abroad that we say here, Like the Knights of Malta, with whom in other things they had much resem­blance. To preserve the Freedom of their Tables, and the Liberty of Feasting, according to the Pro­verb, Odi memorem convivam.

They were very temperate in their eating and drinking; and the greatest dainty that was brought to their Table was a certain pot­tage Tannè, which was the ordinary food of their aged people. Denys the Tyrant having expressly sent for a Cook from Lacedemonia to make some for him, & not finding it agreeable to to his palate; 'Tis, said the Cook, to be eaten on the brink of the River Eurotas, after a Laconick Exercise: because Labour whets the Appetite, and a sharp stomack makes any thing relish well. Witness him that drank Puddle Wa­ter in a great Thirst, saying, he never drank any so good before.

They retired every night to their homes without any lights, to accustom themselves to be fearless, Or rather to leave every one the liberty of going whither be pleased without being observed, [Page 109] as they do at Venice; for it is certain that Licur­gus gave great allowance to the pleasures of love, which is the common Entertainment of the Idle: Now, all his Subjects did nothing, like our Nobility, [...]ut passed their time like them, in Wars, Love and Hunting.

After their Children could write and read, they taught them nothing else, but to obey the Magistrates, to inure themselves to hard­ships, and resolve to be Victors in fight, or die on the spot. The Masters of other Sciences were not so much as admitted in Lacedemonia.

The Lacedemonians wore no Doublets, had but one Garment in a year, without any change according to the season: used little Bathing or Stows, Oyled themselves but rare­ly, and were not very curious in their habits, or manners, To banish Luxury and soft Delicacy, as being contrary to war like People.

Their Youth lay in Troops upon Mats made of Reeds of the Flaggy tops which grew about the sides of their Rivers, and in Winter they mixt somewhat that was warmer. The heads of those Reeds ends like a feather, and is foft e­nough, besides it bears a wooly Substance, with which good mats are made. It might be perhaps of this warmer stuff that they used in winter to keep out the cold.

The courtship of Boyes was not allowed as in Greece, but they loved Youth for their Vertues.

When the aged ones met a young man they asked him whither he went, and what he was doing? and if he answered not, or re­plied [Page 110] impertinently, he was chastized. The Punishment was to go round about an Altar singing reproaches of himself.

It was a shame not to endure reprehen­sion, and those that did not admonish young men of their faults, were punished [...] Accomplices.

An old man was respected as ones ow [...] Father; which kept them in Union in the City, because they took no less care for what was anothers, then for their own: and if any one had complained that another had corrected him, the Father would have cor­rected him afresh.

As they gave but little to their Children to eat, they were suffered to pilfer now and then: but if they were taken in the fast they were scourged and obliged to fast, Not so much for having stollen, as for not doing it dex­terously.

They feed ill in their Inns, to accustom themselves to fare hard in time of War, which was their chief Exercise; besides they believ­ed that a spare diet left the Spirits in more freedom, and made the Body more nimble and active in their Military imploy­ments: But less strong and vigorus, for the A­thletes eat much.

Though they lived thus soberly yet they lo­ved musick to entertain their mirth; but their Musick was but mean, and their Songs contain­ed nothing but the praises due to noble actions, and the blame belonging to ill ones, As a spur to Vertue and a curb to Vice.

[Page 111] It is held that Licurgus mingled Musick ex­ [...]ressly with Arms to moderate the fury. The Kings themselves sacrificed to the Muses before [...] battle that their Actions might be celebrated, [...]r to act so as to become worthy of it.

They would not suffer any change of their Ancient Musick, and condemned the most cele­brated Musician of his age, to pay a fine though [...]e were otherwise a great adorer of antiquity for having invented a new string which multi­plied their notes and accords, and cut off two which another had added to the Lyre.

Their Songs were composed of divers cou­plets, in which they answered one another by turns. In some the old ones told'em how brave they had been, the middle-ag'd in another would tell how brave they were; and the youths would promise they hoped to exceed them hereaf­ter. The steps were military, as well as the time, and their harmony being mingled with somewhat of Enthusiasme transported them to such a degree as to despise death it self.

They buried their dead within the City near their Temples, without any ceremony or su­perstition, or other Funeral state, but only a red cloth which wrapped them all over and some Olive leaves; this Burying was common to all, mourning and effeminate lamentation as well as Epitaphs were banished, which was never allowed to any but such as died in the Wars.

They would not permit their youth to travel, that they might not be corrupted with forreign customs, nor were strangers suffered to come [Page 112] and dwell in Lacedemonia.

Those young men that had not been bred ac­cording to the Spartan way, could not enjoy any of their priviledges, whereas a stranger that had been so, enjoyed them all. 'Tis said they had their portions likewise when they first shared their Lands, with this Proviso only, that they might not sell them.

At their huntings they were allowed to make use of their Neighbours Dogs, Horses, and all other Equipage, when they did not use it them­selves, restoring every thing to them again and not spoiling them.

In a time of War they were cloathed in red, as being a Martial colour, and on which the blood is not so conspicuous when woun­ded.

When they had overcome by a slight, they sa­crificed an Ox, and when it was by force, a Cock; to prefer Prudence before Valour as a higher Vertue.

They asked nothing of their Gods but pati­ence in their labour, In the Greek it is to suffer Injuries. and to be happy when they did well. This explication is proved by that Article; where it is said, they contended in suffer­ings; which does not at all relate to injuries; since it follows that a Lacedemonian was chastized for enduring an affront without resentment.

All their Gods, Venus not excepted, were painted in armour to honor Valour, and make it known they were not in a condition to receive injuries.

They ordinarily said, one must pray to the Gods with an Arm out-stretched, as much as [Page 123] to say not with folded Arms but in putting the helping hand, The Greek says, at the beginning of an Enterprize, otherwise not.

They were wont to shew their Slaves drunk to their Children, to make them abhor Drunkenness.

When they were to go into any House, they did not knock at the door; but called aloud in the street, that they should come & open it.

In their Baths they used Rubbers made of [...]eeds, instead of Wyre ones.

They neither acted Tragedies nor Comedies, that no offence might be committed against the Laws, not even in Plays. Or that they might not be accustomed to hear their Passions and crimes de­fended.

They expelled a Poet, for having said, that when a man had lost his Weapons, he might recover others; but life once lost, was never to be regained. As if he had thereby instructed them to cast away their Arms to fly with more [...]ase.

The Boys and Girles had one common Sacri­fice.

The Ephores condemned a Lacedemonian to pay a Fine, for having endured many affronts without ressentment.

They caused a Soldier to be put to death for having painted his Shield; According to Erasmus or a Porter for making his Sack of divers co­lours. and publick­ly reproved a young man for learning the way to a place where they lived Luxurious­ly.

They packed away an Orator, who vaunted [Page 124] that he could discourse a whole day upon any Subject. For discourse ought to be proportioned [...] the Subject, and not inlarged ad infinitum.

Their Children were whipped once a year upon the Altar of Diana, to teach them to en­dure pain, and they contended who should suffer most, as if it were a Vertue. However it is dangerous to make sufferings become despisable: for we have nothing to bridle the wicked withal but tha [...] and Children hardned by too much whipping gro [...] incorrigible.

It was a shame to exercise any Trade, eve [...] Husbandry it self, to which purpose they made use of their Slaves, as their Farmers, with­out taxing them too much or too little, for fear of making them lazy or desperate.

The Lacedemonians were thus always at lea­sure which is a pleasant thing, and they were forbidden to meddle with Navigation, and even to fight at Sea, but they afterwards broke that Custom and renew'd it again, finding their manners were thereby corrupted.

As the use of Riches was utterly banished, there was no fear they should labour in vain to acquire any, and the first that attempted it were condemned to death: For an Oracle had been pronounced to two Kings: That Riches would prove the ruine of Sparta. This Cu­stom was abolished by little and little, and Ly­sander after the taking of Athens, filled the Ci­ty with riches, not only without danger, but with much Honor.

Whilst Sparta observed these Laws, they were the chiefest of Greece the space of five [Page 125] hundred years; but coming to relax; and co­vetousness insinuating it self, their Allies for­sook them, finding their strength decay. Ne­vertheless after the Battle of Cheronea, when all Greece had elected Philip of Macedon for Ge­neral, and afterwards Alexander, after the de­struction of Thebes, these would not acknow­ledge their Power, nor fight with them, nor for them, nor meet in their Assemblies, and [...]held out firmly even against their Successors, though feeble, and without any Walls. But at last having forsaken all their Customs, Nabis, &c. they were subjected to their own Tyrants, and put their necks under the Roman yoke with the rest of the World.

A part of these Customes being included in the Apophthegms of Licurgus, we will marshal them together, because they will serve to give light to many things; and it will not be amiss, to bring him in the Front, as the Foun­der.

Licurgus willing to wean his Citizens from their debauchery, to make them Vertuous, and to let them see how Education and Exercise changed and out-stripped Nature, brought two dogs forth in Publick, one bred to hunting the other in the Kitchen; and having caused a Hare to be let loose, and meat to be laid down, the first coursed the Hare, the other ran to the meat, though they were both fit for the chase, but the last was utterly spoiled for want of exercise. By this means, he shewed them, it was not enough they were descended from Hercules, as the Lacedemonians were, unless, [Page 126] like him, they exercised themselves in vertu­ous ways.

After he had divided the whole coun­try in nine thousand equal portions, finding at Harvest time that all their heaps were equal in the Fields, he said, that all Laconia seemed the partnership of so many Brothers.

He would have done the same with their Goods, after he had abolished all manner of Debts; but the rich opposing him, he made their Riches become useless by prohibiting en­tirely the use of Gold and Silver in any thing, and suffering only Iron money to pass Cur­rant. He likewise retrenched other superflu [...] ­ties, so that in Sparta was to be found, neither Merchant, nor Cook, nor Lawyer, nor Mountebank, nor Astrologer, and injustice was banished by his having cut up the root of it which is covetousness. And to take away all excess indyet, as he had done in Houshold Goods, he ordained they should eat in common, in publick places, where every one was served alike [...], without having either more, or any greater [...] dainties then his fellows.

Those were blamed that did not come thi­ther, as voluptuous People; insomuch that King Agis desiring to sup at home with his wise after his return from the gaining of a Victory they would not send him his proportion, and the next day condemned him to pay a Fine. Notwithstanding the wealthier sort, angry at this Method, which hindred them of the en­joyment [Page 127] of their Riches, would have stoned him to death, had he not fled into a Temple, with the loss of one eye. He that had struck out his eye, being afterwards delivered into his hands to suffer Justice, instead of punishing he pardoned him, made him eat at his Table and of his Enemy made him his greatest Friend, and his adorer.

Whilst they were at meals, some were ap­pointed to be always in Arms as a Guard, to psevent any disorders, or unlook'd for Acci­dents; but their number was never so great as to be able to master the rest.

To obviate all manner of cheats and little quirks, and leave the Judges the liberty of judging every thing according to it's circum­stances without being tied to the rigor of the Law, he would have no written Laws.

He forbad they should make use of any tools about their buildings, besides the Axe, and Saw, that they might be ashamed of providing rich furniture for such ill Houses, and by see­ing a Door without any Art of Joyners work, they should expect to find nothing within that were magnificent.

He enjoyned them likewise, not to make War upon the same People too often, for fear of making them too Warlike. The remainder is elsewhere.

He caused Maidens to addict themselves to Exercises of the body, and to wre­stle naked, to become the more robust, and bring forth the more vigorous Children, besides that it would make them the less sensi­ble [Page 128] of the pains of Child-bearing. By this means he endeavoured to cure them of their Feminine tenderness, and be only subject to the like passions with Men, and fight in a time of danger and necessity, in defence of their Country. And indeed, the Wife of Leonidas reproached those that told her, There were none but the Macedonians that commanded over Men; That there were none but them that be­got Men. But they were not suffered to be seen by every one at those Exercises, no more then the young Boys. That Priviledge being allowed only to such as were married; and to incite People the more to marriage, those that were not so, were deprived of the Honor that was given to old age. From thence it was that Dercillidas taking it ill, that a young man did not rise up from his Seat when he approached, the young man replied, That Dercillidas had begot no Children that might shew him the like respect another time. But by this means the homely ones did not easily get Hus­bands.

They gave no Portion with their Daughters in Marriage, to prevent making love to them for any thing but their merits, and that the meaner sort might be sought after as well as the rich. All use of Face-painting and other Orna­ments were strictly prohibited, that they might have no other advantage but their Ver­tue.

He prescribed a time for marriage, as well for Maidens, as Batchelors, that so coming to­gether in the flower of their Age, they might have the healthier and lustier Chil­dren.

[Page 129] He would not suffer those who were newly married to meet together, but as it were, by stealth, lest they should be glutted and en­feebled by a continual enjoyment.

He forbad to put Oyl into perfumes, that so precious a thing might not be idly wasted; and banished all Arts generally, which serve only for shew, and even the Dyers Trade was not admitted, which he called a Flattery of the Sences, or Deception of Sight.

Chastity was so great in those days, and Women so little acquainted with the liberty that came in since, that a stranger admiring there was no Law established against Adulte­ry, was told there was no such thing commit­ted in that place, whence they had expelled all luxury, and debauchery. Whatever Plutarque sayes, Licurgus his Customs were too licentious in that matter: For they lost all modesty by their wrestling naked before Men, being themselves Virgins, and the liberty he allowed in some cases that a man might kiss his Neighbours Wife, did in some manner authorize their debauches. And therefore Aristotle condemns all the Chapter con­cerning Women: besides that he forbad them the carrying any Lights in the Night time, or to lye every one with his own: which gave the Gallants great opportunity for amorous adven­tures.

Of all the Exercises of the body, he permit­ted those only wherein the hand is extended: that is to say, he condemned fighting with the closed Fist, or any such like, which might hurt or enfeeble those, whom he designed on­ly [Page 130] to strengthen by continual Exercise.

He ordained they should make Offerings to the Gods of things of small Value, that they might never want wherewith to Sacri­fice.

In time of War he would make them often remove their Camp, whether for healths sake or to put the Enemy to the greater trouble, and forbid them to make any Siege, because the bravest man might be slain by a Coward, by a Woman, or a Child.

The Thebans consulting with him concer­ning their Funeral mourning once a year for Leucothee: If she be a Goddess 'tis ridiculous to mourn for her; and if a Woman, to adore her, said he.

To one that praised Democracy, settle it in your own Family, said he,

He said, the means to prevent any ones ma­king of War upon them, was to be poor; there being nothing to be gained of such, and to share every one alike, there being then no cause of division, but every one would have the same interest for the presevation of the Com­monwealth.

He told some that admired the City of Spar­ta was not walled, and fortified, that it was so by the Valous of it's Inhabitants.

He gave order to spare the Enemy in fight, as soon as they left off defending themselves, that they might not force them to make head again through dispair; besides that it is not generous to kill those that make no defence: Neither would he suffer them [Page 131] strip the dead, lest they should be over­loaden with plunder, and give the Enemy op­portunity to rally.

He said, that reward and punishments, were the two poles upon which all Government tur­ned.

He ordained them to wear long Hair, because it made the handsome more comely, and the unhadsome more dreadful.

CUSTOMS OF The LACEDEMO­NIANS, According to Xenophon. To serve as a Commentary to that of Plutarque.

VVHen we consider that the Republick of Sparta which was the poorest and the least peopled of any in Greece, is become the most illustrious, and the most potent, it fills us with astonishment; But when we come to cast our Eye upon their Laws and Customs, there is nothing to be admired but the Prudence of the [Page 133] Legislator, who hath made them great and flourishing by methods opposite to all others. First, as to what concerns the Children, which are like the Foundations of an Empire; where­as in Greece, they will not suffer maidens to eat their fill, or to drink Wine, or if they allow any, it is but very little, the contrary is practised in Lacedemonia; and whereas in other places they sit all day long at their work, like Artisans; Lycurgus thought there were Servants enough to spin, and make cloathing for them all, and would have the Daughters employ themselves like us, in running and wrestling, and other the like Exercises, that they might bring forth lusty and vigorous Children, which the other kind of Education does much impair. And then considering that people newly married are subject to run into an excess of Nuptial pleasure which enervates their strength, he would never let them come together but by stealth, it being e­steemed as it were something shameful to be found together; thereby to allay their over­heat, and prevent an over-glut, which com­monly attends a full enjoyment of our desires. Neither did he allow the freedom to marry at any age, but would have them coupled when they were in their prime strength and ripeness to get Children, fearing lest otherwise the fruit might partake of the debility of the bo­dy, and the decay of it's producer. And if sometimes they grant an Elderly man the liberty of Matrimony, Whereas in other places they are the most jealous, here they [Page 134] make choice of the most beautiful young ones to supply their own defects, and bring them a Race worthy of Sparta. Even young people that have no mind to wed, have a right of desiring a married man, that hath a hand­some Wife, to give them leave to beget Children, who without any right of suc­cession, serve only as a prop to the Fami­ly.

These Customs, though a little strange, are the cause that there is no where to be found such strong and large men as in Lacedemonia. Having now spoken of what concerns their production, let us treat of their Education. As soon as ever Children can but understand what is said to them, the Greeks who are most careful chuse out some Slaves for Tutors, and send them to the Colledge, to be taught to read and write, as well as Musick, and other Exercises. They shooe them neat­ly, and change their habits according to the different seasons which makes them tender and less capable of Labour. But Licurgus in­stead of Slaves, allots one of the principallest of the City of be their Master, who brings them together every day, and chastizes those that fail; so that the youth of Lacedemonia learn much modesty and obedience in their greenest years. Instead of being neatly shod he makes them go bare-footed, which does harden their Legs; and makes them the bet­ter able to climb up, or get down any steep or craggy places, and more active in their Exercise. They are allowed but one [Page 135] Garment a year, that they may be early used to endure heats and cold: and whereas others eat as much as they list, these are not so well treated but they learn from their infancy to be able to endure both hunger and thirst in case of necessity. Besides, not having their Stomachs over-loaden with Victuals, their minds are freer, their spirits clearer, & their bo­dies more healthy & fit for action, & apt to en­crease in growth to a just proportion. But they are suffered to pilfer little things, that may hin­der them from being incommoded through hunger. And indeed, it is well enough known the Law-maker did not thus contrive it out of frugality, nor because of any scarcity, but to rowze their Ingenuity by this artifice. For to filtch any thing from those who had the command of the Kitchen, they were forced to watch whole nights, to lay in ambuscade, and set out Sentinels to avoid being taken in the fact; which altogether does some­what resemble an apprentiship in war. But how will some object, if it were lawful to steal does it come to pass they should be pu­nished for theft? I answer, it is the same as is currant with the learners of any other Trade, when they do not their business well. 'Tis not for the theft that they are punished; but because they could not steal cleverly: whereby they learn to know that in actions which require Skill and Experience, They were whipped once a year on Diana's Al­tar. they ne­ver thrive that are slow and stupid. As for the pain or smart they endured, it was to inure them betimes, that they might lead the re­mainder [Page 136] of their lives in quiet and without fear. Notwithstanding as their Governor could not be ever present to instruct them, so the first that came, had a charge to supply his Office, and if none came, then the ablest of themselves took the care; so that they never wanted some to be their Guide, which makes them become wise and respectful: for there is in no place so much respect shown to those that command as in Lacedemonia. As for the regu­lation of Boys or young men in their Amours; since that is part of the Education of youth, A man and wife. Whereas in Beotia, it is permitted to cohabit with them; and in Elide to enjoy the Flower of their beauty, though in other places it is forbidden so much as to converse with them: Licurgus, neither imitating the Severity of the one, nor the Licentiousness of the other, would have them converse together, to incite each other to Vertue; but not to touch them any more then a Father would his Child. For that is infamous, though some can hardly be­lieve it, because the practise in Greece is con­trary in most parts. Now I leave it to be judged which of these Customs are most likely to beget respect and modesty, either these of Lacedemonia, or the others. Truly, you could neither hear them talk, nor cast their eyes about, when they walked in the streets any more then if they had been Marble Sta­tues. They hold their hands folded up in their Robe, appear more bashful then a maiden, and when they come to their Inns, do not say a word, unless a question be propounded, [Page 99] which demonstrates that our Sex is as capable of modesty as the womens. All these Me­thods were ordained by Lycurgus to beget modesty, the chiefest foundation for Vertue. When they have attained to the age of fif­teen, or thereabouts, whereas in other places they let them rule themselves, accor­ding to their own discretion, without minding their conduct any further; it is then we take most care in Lacedemonia, and keep them most imployed to prevent them from run­ning into the debauches incident to that age. And those who will not be restrained by these rules are not reckoned amongst people of credit: So that, not only such as aspire to Offices and employments, but others likewise are com­pelled to subject themselves to preserve their reputation. When they begin to have most ambition, and desire to appear, the Legislator endeavours to augment it, and spur them on with the love and sence of honor, to make them the more eager after Fame. To this end, the Ephores chuse three of the best shaped Youths, who each of them picks out an hun­dred more with a great deal of caution; they being obliged to give a good reason for their choice. These become the objects of the jealousie and resentment of those that were rejected, who are spyes upon all their actions that they may discover their failings. From thence arises a noble emulation very benefi­cial to the Republick, since it instructs young people to discern betwixt good and evil, and pushes them still onwards to perfection. For [Page 138] these three hundred aim at nothing else and do their Country great service, whether singly or together when opportunity presents. They are careful to preserve their Vigour, for the others ingage them to try their strength in any place wherever they meet. But for fear these contests should go too far, it is in the power of the first that comes near to part them, and those that will not obey are severely punished to teach them not to be so overmuch transpor­ted with anger, as not to be in a condition to obey Law and reason. When they grow more advanced in Years and Stature, and are capable of the best commands, for it is from amongst these they are selected; whereas the Greeks take them from their Exercises, to go and bear Arms; Lycurgus sends them to hunting, as being a kind of Image of War, when they are not employed otherwise.

This is the greatest part of their Exercises: I will now speak of their manner of living. The Legislator, having observed that divers kinds of excess was committed at the feasts and de­bauches so frequent amongst the Greeks, he found it better to make their meetings in publick, where as decorum is easier kept. He would therefore have them eat at Inns, where they are served with every thing necessary for life without Superfluity or want: Besides the Hunters do often present them with Venison, and the like Fare, and those who are very rich, with all they have more then is needful; by which means nothing is wanting, altho they can neither get enough [Page 139] to be Surfeited nor drunk, none being ob­liged to drink. For being constrained to re­turn home at night without any Lights, they take a care to do it honourably: Every one drinking what best pleases himself, which is both more healthful and more delightful at once. And whereas in other places, those of near the same years do usually eat together; the aged are here mixed with the Youthful; which begets more respect, and ties up their Tongues from running into any undecencies; besides that their Colder Temper, is an allay to the boiling heat of Youth. Thus is their Instruction mingled with Delight; for they discourse of nothing but the Brave Actions of great Men. On the other hand, the Legislator having by experience found that exercise con­tributed mightily towards Health, and that such as Labour have fresh and ruddy Com­plexions, whereas the Idle Drones, are pale and wan, or stuff'd with ill humours; he ordered the eldest of every Inn to take care that none overcharged himself with Meat, or Drink to that Degree as not to be able to work; in which he Succeeded so well, that there are no healthier, nor more Laborious People for all manner of Work, then the Lacedemoni­ans, for they did always exercise their Arms, their Legs, and their Backs. And there is this in Particular that tho in other Cities each Family hath it's Master who commands both House and Goods, yet here one may make use of any other mens goods without Prejudice to any one. Any mans Children [Page 140] are commanded as if their own; So that if a Child which one hath beaten runs to his Fa­ther to complain, he is obliged to correct him anew, so well are they Satisfyed that none would impose an unjust thing upon him, and that they have dealt by him, as they would have others do by theirs in a like occasion. They likewise make use of any others Ser­vants, or their equipage. For after notice gi­ven to any one that they are going a Hunting, if he be not desirous or at Leasure to go with them, he lends them his Horse, or Dogs: And if any one wants a Chariot, ei­ther because he is not well, or upon any o­ther account, he takes the first he meets withal, and restores it again, when he hath done with it, as if it were his own. Those whom the night hath overtaken in Hunting, if they have no Provision, eat what ever they find ready at any other place, and when they have had what is Sufficient they put up the rest for the owner of it. By this means the Poorest are provided for, out of the a­bundance of the Rich. There is another particu­lar very remarkable, which is this, that in other places every one Labours to Enrich himself, one by this Trade, another by that: But the Lacedemonians have no other profession but the Art of War, the rest being done by Slaves. To what end, therefore, would it be to heap up Riches, the use of it being prohibited, and not to be imployed either in gaudy Cloaths, nor delicacy of Diet, they esteem­ing health and Strength the greatest orna­ments [Page 141] of the body. Nor is it necessary to help a Friend, for there every one may have what he Stands in need of. It is enough that one can make use of his Person when requisite, which is more honourable. But besides that it is not allowed amongst the Lace­demonians to Enrich one's self by unjust ways, it is also a very difficult thing; For it would require a Cart to carry one hundred Crowns of their Money, and it is forbidden under great penalties to have either Gold or Silver, after which they make very Strict Search. The acquisition therefore and the possession of wealth would bring more hurt and danger, then it can pleasure. Furthermore, there is no place, as I have said, where more respect is given to the Laws and Magistrates; for, whereas in other Cities of Greece, it is a kind of infamy to obey, and the Rich men dis­pence with it; in Lacedemonia the greatest men Strive most to express their obedience, and run with hast and zeal wherever they are commanded to give example unto others. This makes me believe they gave consent to those Laws establisht by Lycurgus, and that with them he created the power of the Epho­res, which is the more dreaded, by how much it is the more absolute. For they have pow­er to cendemn whom they will to pay a fine, and to make him pay it; to imprison, or casbiere an Officer, and make him give account of his actions, without waiting till the time of his Service be expired. But the pru­dence of Lycurgus appears principally in his [Page 142] having consulted the Oracle before he made his Laws, thereby to give them a more then humane Authority. It was likewise a great craft in him to make them prefer an honour­able Death, before a shameful life; because more men are saved by their courage, then their cowardize, and every one strugles to help a Gallant Person, which shews that Hon­our is the inseparable Companion of Virtue. But it is necessary to know what he project­ed to render good men happy, and the other sort Miserable. In other places, there is no greater punishment for Cowards, or evil do­ers then to pass for what they are. Mean time, they Game, converse and trade with a­ny other fort of men. But, in Lacedemonia, it is a Scandal to admit them into company, or to have any dealings with them; and in their Assemblies they are always put in the least honorable place. They are bound to give way to any one in the Streets; To rise up when they pass near them, as the Boyes do; to justify any Suit of Law by the Sword; To give account of their actions; To feed their poor kindred, and marry, or pay a lusty Fine. They dare not adorn themselves, nor take the same freedom as Creditable Per­sons upon pain of being abused. We must not wonder therefore, if an honourable Death be preferred before such an infamous life. Lycurgus, did hitt this well too in my opinion, for to preserve the fame of mens brave Acti­ons, when they grew old, he established a kind of Judicature where those Ancient Persons did [Page 143] preside till the time of their Death, to make them the more honourable. In other places they punish those that wrong their Neigh­bours: Here they punish such as do not do all within their power to become most vertu­ous. And indeed, by other sorts of Vices we only do hurt to particular men, whereas the Coward does an injury to all his Coun­try, by basely betraying it; and it is for that reason the Punishments he hath ordained a­gainst that sort of People is the most Severe. In sine he hath imposed upon his Citizens a pleasing and easy constraint of well doing, by bestowing upon all worthy honest men a Share in the advantages of the State, whe­ther they be strong or weak, or Rich or in­digent men, and depriving the rest utterly of them. For the Antiquity of these Laws it appears by the time he lived in, which was in Heraclides days, tho they may be called new in respect of other people. But that which is most wonderful, is that they have been well known and admired by all the World, and yet were never imitated by any. The rest of this Treatise concerns their Manner of making War, and other things of the Regality, which belongs not to this Subject.

APOPHTHEGMES OF THE LACEDEMONIANS According to the Alphabetical order.

SOme admiring that a Lacedemonian King, Agasicles. who was curious in his Learning, and entertaining of knowing men, did not make any use of a Stranger who was very illustri­ous; I desire, said he, to be a Disciple to those amongst whom I was born.

He said, the way to rule without Guards was to govern the people as a Father does his Children.

The Steward of a Feast, where Agesilaus presided, Agesilaus. having enquired of him, how he would have them drink. If there be Wine enough, said he, let them drink as much as they will, if not, let not one have more then an­other. It was the Greeks Custom to chuse one of the Guests to preside at the Feast.

Seeing a malefactor endure the torments of death with much constancy and resolution: [Page 145] Ha, the wicked Wretch, said he, to abuse Ver­tue so highly!

An Orator being applauded for making lit­tle things great: I do not like a Shoomaker, said he, that makes Shooes bigger then fits the Feet. And so Cleomenes reproved an Orator, who made a very large dicourse upon a very little Subject; the Discourse being Irregular if not proportioned to the Subject.

One pressing him, to make good or per­form an unjust promise, If it be not just, reply­ed he, I have not promised it. He meant that he never intended it. But Kings, urged the o­ther, ought never to promise, but what they will perform: nor others, said he, require any thing of them which they ought not to pro­mise. It is held that none is obliged to perform an unjust promise, and that if it be a fault to promise it, it is a double crime to perform it.

He said, we must have a regard from whence did proceed either reproof or praise, before we could well judge of it; and that there was a great deal of pleasure to be com­mended by those that might as well blame us without fear. Because it is no credit to be praised by a Rascal, or by one that has no understanding, or to be blamed by any the like persons signifies no thing.

Having been seated at the lower end of the Table at a Feast: This was to let you know, said he, that it is not the place that makes the Person honorable, but the Person makes the place so. The upper end is wherever the most emi­nent [Page 146] person is seated, and it is him they first serve.

A Physician prescribing him a very strickt Diet. Should I take all the Drugs in the World, said he, it could never make me im­mortal.

A Mouse having in his sight bitten a little Boy that caught it: If it be dangerous, said he, to attack the least Animal, much more to assault a Man of Courage. Brasidas upon the like occasion, said, there was no Animal so small or weak, but was willing to defend its Liberty.

Tisaphernes having broken his Word with him he said, I am obliged to him, for having enga­ged the Gods on the Grecians side, by his Per­jury.

Selling in his presence many Slaves, and much Plunder gained from the Persians, and finding all the People run to the Plunder, not minding the Slaves because of their effeminate breeding: Behold what are the Combatants, said he, and what is the reward of comba­ting?

He once refused some Presents from the King of Persia, saying, he gloried more in taking than in receiving from his Enemy, and in ma­king his Soldiers rich rather than him­self.

He said he would rather be Master over himself than the best City in the Enemy's pow­er, and rather preserve his own Liberty, then usurp anothers.

Though he was a great observer of the Laws, yet he once wrote to a Judge, a Friend [Page 147] of his, who had imprisoned one, to release him again, whether he were Innocent, or Guilty, and that he would do this either for his Requests, or for Justices sake.

Upon a precipitate Decamping, wavering whether he should forsake a sick person whom he loved: How difficult is it, said he, to love, and to be wise!

He said a Prince ought to be distinguished from his Subjects by his Vertues, and not by his Pleasures; and therefore he went always simp­ly clad, ate accordingly, and would lye no softer then the meanest Soldier, and being told, that he would one day perhaps be forced to al­ter his method of living: I have used my self, said he, not to change in a time for change. And indeed, so he lived to his end, to take away all excuse from young people when they saw a Prince and an old man, do the same that he ad­vised them to practise.

He said, The Lacedemonian Laws for their chief foundation had the contempt of Pleasures, and liberty for their reward.

Passing through a Country where the Inhabi­tants lived in all Licentiousness, and they having brought him a great many Presents, he took only their Corn for his Soldiers, and when they earnestly pressed him to accept of the rest, he caused it to be distributed amongst the Slaves, and said, Men of courage ought not to esteem of those things, which were the delight of mean Spirits.

The same People having ordained divine Honors to be paid him, he asked them [Page 148] whether they had the power to make Dei­ties, and if so, wherefore they did not begin with themselves.

With the same austerity he rejected those Statues the Cities of Asta would have erected, nor would suffer his picture to be made, there being no Portraiture so good of any eminent man as his own Actions.

He used to say, The Strength of a City did not consist in the Walls, but in the cou­rage of the Inhabitants. The Remain­der is in the Apophthegmes of Licurgus, or Antalidas.

When he would have any thing done with expedition, he put his own hand first to the Work, and took a pride in labouring as much as any private Soldier. The rest is else­where.

He said, we ought not to heap up a provi­sion of riches, but of vertues.

A Cripple seeking to get a Horse that he might fight in a Battle, Friend, said he, thou seekest for legs to run away withal, for thine are good enough to stand in Fight with. It is not so verbatim in the original, but that is not so requisite in an Apophthegm, as the good sence.

Another Cripple being rallied withal for going to the Wars, said, the question was not running away, but standing stoutly to it.

He was asked, how one should render himself illustrious: By despising of Death, re­plyed he another time, to the same questi­on, he answered, By saying well, and doing the same.

[Page 149] To one that asked him, wherefore the Lacedemonians went to battle with the sound of a flute, he replyed, To discern the cow­ards from the valiant by the Gate of their Marching. Lycurgus gives another reason.

As some were admiring the felicity of a young Prince: At the same Age, saies he, Priam was a happy man too.

In the height of his Conquests, being re­called by the Ephores, he said, It was not [...]ess the devoir of a Prince to obey the Laws, [...]hen to command over men.

Upon his return, he asked whether they would have him pass as a Friend, or an Ene­my; and some Barbarians requiring an hun­dred Talents, and a hundred beautiful Wo­men; to let him pass quietly, he told them, they should come and fetch them, and so Marching immediately against them, defeat­ed them.

Having asked the same thing of the Lacedemo­nian King, and that Prince desiring time to consider. Let him consider still, said he, in the mean time we will not stop our March.

Two of his Friends having been detained in a City of Thessaly, whither they went to treat, he replyed, to those that would have counselled him to force the place, That to gain all Thessaly, he would no hazard the life of one of those Friends. That Sounds more of an honest man, then a Politician.

Hearing of a Bloody battle that had been fought near Corinth: How miserable is Grecia, [Page 150] said he, to turn their Weapons against them­selves, since with much lesser numbers then have been lost, we might have conquered all Persia. As much might be said of Christen­dom.

He Solicited his Sister to run with her Chariot in the Olympian Games for the prize, To make them know, said he, that there was no thing either great or generous in that exercise.

He advised Xenophon to bring up his Chil­dren at Lacedemonia: To learn the Noblest of all the Sciences, which is, to command, and to obey.

He bestowed several Employments on his Enemies; to turn, said he, their hatred into Friendship.

An Advocate desiring Letters of recommen­dations for a Judge that was his Friend: My Friends, said he, Stand in need of no recom­mendations, to make them do Justice.

Some body shewing him the Fortifications of a Place, and asking him whether they were not very fine: yes, for Women, said he. Another ask'd, what Women dwell there? and a third said, there is a very fine apartment for the Ladies.

A celebrated Comedian admiring that he would not speak to him, and inquiring whe­ther he knew him: yes, said he, are not you Callippides the Buffoon? Because the La­cedemonians prized nothing but vertue, otherwise that profession was not infamous amongst the Gre­cians tho it were prohibited in Lacedemonia.

When some would perswade him to hear [Page 151] a fellow that counterfeited the Nightingale: [...] have several times, said he, heard the Nightingale it's self.

A Physician who would be called Iupiter, as who should say, the Saviour, because he had wrought some famous Cures, having sent a letter to him with this Inscription, Mene­crates, Iupiter, To King Agesilaus, Health. He replyed, King Agesilaus to Menecrates, Wisdome, treating him as a Fool.

Some telling him that the Lacedemonians took party with the Persians: No, said he, it is the Persian hold Parties with the Lace­demonians; So to those that called the King of Persia, the Great King, as we say at pre­sent the Grand Siginor, he said, he was not greater then himself, unless he were more just; not measuring his greatness by the Ex­tent of his Empire, but of his Vertues.

Being asked whether Valour were better then Justice: It would be useless, said he, if all men were just. He added, that it would likewise be of no use, unless accompanied by the other.

He said, that the Inhabitants of Asia, con­sidered as free, were nothing worth; but they were passable for Slaves.

He said, that we ought to teach Children, that which would be of use to them when they are men.

One making an ill defence for himself be­fore the Judges, yet still imploring the be­nefit of the Laws, In vain doest thou miplore the benefit of the Law, said he, unless thou make a better Plea. This is the sence, [Page 152] the Strictness of words are not so.

When the King of Persia sought his ally­ance, he told him, that were needless, for if he were a true Friend to his Country, he should be so to him.

A Friend of his Surprising him unawares as he was Sporting with his Children: Stay, said he, and do no mock, till you have Children of your own. Or till you are a Fa­ther.

Such as were allied to the Lacedemonians, complaining that they furnished them with more Souldiers, then themselves raised, he made it appear that they indeed furnished them with more men, but not so many Soul­diers, because there was not one of them but had another Trade, whereas the Lacedemo­nians practised nothing but the Art of War.

Necessity obliging them to do something that was contrary to their Laws, he said, that they must let them lye and sleep that day, and on the morrow they would wake and rise with more Vigour. To teach us, that the Laws are made for men, and not men for the Laws.

The Egyptians despising him, because he had no great attendance, nor extraordinary Equipage: I will make them know, said he, that Royalty does not consist in vain pomp, but in great vertues.

Philip having razed the City of Olynthia, he cannot, Agesipolis. Son of cle­ [...]mbrotus. said Agesipolis, in a long time rebuild such another. To teach us, that we [Page 153] ought not to resolve upon such great cruelties but in extremity.

Being twitted that he had been given in hostage in his youth: It belongs to Kings, said he, to bear the faults of their Coun­try.

A Stranger telling him, the Dogs of Spar­ [...]a were good for nothing: The men were no better at first, replyed he; but they are improved by study and exercise.

When the Athenians would have chosen those of Megara to be the Umpires, Agesipolis, Son of Pa [...] ­sanias: or Judges in a controversy they had with the Lacedemo­nians: It were a shame, said Agesipolis, that a small Village should know how to do Justice better then the two Capital Cities of Greece.

Agis, said one, should not inquire how many the enemies were, Agis. but where they were. This sounds more brave, then wise, as the most part of Apophthegmes have more of Gallantry then Solidity.

When they would have hindred him from giving battle at Mantinea, because the Ene­my was much Stronger: When a few peo­ple, said he, would command over a great many, they must not be afraid to Fight them.

He said to one who inquired how many Lacedemonians there were: There are enough to beat the Enemy. Anothersaid, they were but few, but would do much, or to much effect. Or they seemed to be many in a battle.

To one, who was commendable for no­thing [Page 154] thing but discourse, he said, when you are silent, you are worth nothing.

The Argians having rallied after their de­feat, and coming furiously upon him, he said to his men, who were astonished: Cou­rage Companions, if the vanquished have so much resolution, what should the Victors have? In the Greek it is, if the Victors are astonished, what shall the vanquished do.

A tedious Orator, asking at the end of his Speech, what answer he would give to those that sent him; Tell them, said he, that I have given thee leave to say all thou hadst a mind to. Or, that I have let thee talk thy fill without interrupting thee. To another, he said, tell them that you were much puzled to make an end, and I to understand you.

In his presence, as some were praising those of Elida for their well behaving them­selves at the Olympick Games: What a Miracle, said he, that once in four years they should do their duty well?

He said, that envious people were very Miserable, in being tormented as much at others happiness, as their own Misfortune. Or, for their not being only troubled with their own Miseries, but the good fortune of others.

As some were advising him in a battle to let those go by quietly that were flying. How shall we assault those that stand to it: said he, if we fear those that run.

One talking very Magnificently of Liber­ty: Thy discourses, said he, have need of [Page 155] power and wealth to maintain them.

His Father said, it ought not be wondred at, [...]f things grew worse and worse; but it would be more wonderful if things went better; since all the World grew worse.

Being asked the means, or way, how to become free; by despising death, replyed [...]e.

Demades saying in rallery, Agis the younger. that the Lace­demonians Swords were so short, the Juglers of Athens swallowed them: Yet we can reach our Enemies with them, said Agis.

When they would have had him March to the assault of a place under the Conduct of a Traytor: What reason is there, said he, to trust the lives of so many brave Soldiers, under a man that hath betray'd his own Coun­try?

A wicked fellow, asking him, who was the best of men in Sparta; he that least re­sembles you, replyed he.

Agis, Agis 3. who was the last King of Lacede­monia, and had been thrust into Prison be­cause he would restore the discipline, being asked, if he did not then repent of his de­sign? Good actions, replyed he, are not sub­ject to repentance.

His Father and Mother desiring him to do somewhat that was unjust: I obeyed you whilst I was young, said he, give me leave now to obey the Laws and Reason. It might have been said, let me now put in practice the good instructions you gave me: But that is not the Authors sense.

[Page 156]Being led to execution, and beholding one of his followers weeping: Do not weep, said he, for those that put me to death un­justly, are more to be pittied than I.

Some body inquiring of Alcamena Alcamena. the way to preserve ones honour, By despising, said he, of Riches.

Another wondering he had rejected the Messenians Present, I did it, said he, in obe­dience to the Laws which forbids it.

He told one, who taxed him of being a [...] little too straight-laced, in his way of living, that it was better to obey his reason, then his concupiscence or desires.

Alexandridas, Alexandri­das son of Leon. told one, who being banish­ed complained of his Exile: You ought not to be troubled at your Exile, but the subject that causes it. According to the Stoicks, tha [...] there is no evil, but Vice.

Some body saying good things, in a tim [...] very unfit: What, good things out of season said he.

Being asked wherefore the Lacedemonian [...] caused their Lands to be cultivated by thei [...] Slaves? They have work enough to improve or cultivate their Vertues, replyed he.

One saying, honour does a great deal o [...] mischief, happy is he that wants it: Rascal [...] replyed he, are very happy then, for the [...] are little troubled with it.

To such as admired that the Lacedemonian [...] exposed themselves so frankly to dangers, h [...] said, It was because honour was more dear t [...] them, then life.

[Page 157]To others who asked why they were so long a time about giving judgment against a Criminal in Lacedemonia: It is because, said he, there is no room for repentance, when once a man is Dead.

Some inquiring of Anaxander Anaxander Son of Eu­rycrate. wherefore the Lacedemonians had no publick treasury: Because those that must keep the Keys, might plunder it, said he. As much as to say, the private people were the best guardians, from whom they might have it upon occasion.

Anaxilas Anaxilas. said, that the greatest advantage of Kings was, that they could not be out­done in good Deeds.

Being asked, why the Ephores did not rise from their Seats before the King: 'Tis because they are Ephores, replyed he. As much as to say, those Magistrates were to inspect the Kings actions.

A Samothracian Priest, asking Antalcidas, Antalcidas. according to their custom, upon the point of being imitated in those Mysteries, Or whe­ther he had never done an illthing. what was the greatest crime he had ever committed? God knows, said he: Which was to say, he would not tell him.

An Athenian reproaching the Lacedemoni­ans of their Ignorance; It is true, said one, that you could never yet teach us to do any evil.

Another bragging, how the Athenians had often drove them back from their City: That is a reproach, said he, that we cannot cast upon you: Because they never durst ap­proach them.

[Page 158]Being interrogated of the way to gain love: To speak nothing but what is pleasing, and do nothing but what is useful, replyed he.

A Declamator willing to read the praises of Hercules to him; who is it, said he, that blames him.

Agesilaus having been wounded in a battle against the Thebans, he told him it was no more then he deserved, for having taught them in spite of their teeth to make War. For this reason Lycurgus forbad them to make War too often upon the same Enemy.

He called the Youth, the Walls of Sparta, and said their Empire extended as far as they could lance their Javelins.

Some asking him wherefore the Lacede­monians wore such short Swords: To joy [...] with the Enemy the nearer, said he.

Antiochus Antiochus. having heard that Philip had given to the Messenians a Country yet contended for: Hath he given them Forces likewise to defend it, said he. Because without that they could not preserve it.

Arigea, Arigea. said to one who was commending another mans Wife: It belongs only to he own Husband to know her, Or, an hones [...] Woman is known only to her own Husband.

As they were commending the saying o [...] Cleomenes, that we must do good to our Friends and harm to our Enemies; Not so, said A­riston, Ariston. we must do good to all to preserv [...] the one, and convert, or gain the other. This is likewise a saying of Socrates.

[Page 159]One having made a Funeral Oration in praise of some Athenians, who were slain in a defeat: What praises, said he, do not the Victors deserve, if the vanquished are so praise-worthy?

Whilst they were praising one that he was gentle and mild to all the World: Archidami­das. What, said he, even to the Wicked! To teach us, that one cannot be merciful to those, without being cruel to the good.

An Orator being blamed for having said nothing at a Feast: Those that know how to speak, replyed he, know also how to be silent, Or know when they ought to speak.

Archidamus Archidamus sonof Xeux­idamus. being asked who was the Ma­ster of Sparta; The Laws, said he, and next them the Magistrates.

A Musician being highly commended: What commendations, said he, will you give a virtuous man? To teach that nothing is very commendable but Virtue.

Another saying, here is an excellent Musiti­an; that is as if one should say, here is an excel­lent Cook, setting the same value upon all that belongs to the pleasing our senses. But that is a little Barbarous.

Some body promising to give him excellent Wine: That will only serve to spoil the tast of my ordinary drink, said he, Or, to make me Drink more then I should, and weaken my vertue.

Two men being come to him to be their Arbitrator; he made them swear they should [Page 160] stand to what he said; then ordained them not to stir thence till they were agreed. From out of a Temple, to which he had led them.

He would not suffer his Daughters to accept of some fine Garments, which Denys the Ty­rant had sent them: Because they would ap­pear more homely, said he. As it is said of Country Brides, the more they are trick'd, the [...]glier they look, or that they might esteem of [...] Ornament but vertue.

Seeing his Son being but young, Fight with too much eagerness: A bate your courage, my Son, said he, or increase your Strength. To shew we must match the one with the o­ther.

Archidamus Archida­mus, Son of A­gesilaus. replyed to Philip, who wrote too Insolently to him after the battle of Che­ronea: If thou measurest thy shadow, thou wilt not [...]ind it longer then it was be­fore.

A celebrated Physician neglected his Art, to addict himself to Poetry, wherein he Suc­ceeded not well: Wherefore wilt thou change thy quality of a good Physician, for an ill Poet, said he?

Some advising him to carry the War a long way from his own Country: That is not the most important business, said he, but to gain the Victory.

Being applauded for having won a battle; or more advantage­ous. He said, it might have been easier to deter­mine those differences by condescention, then by force. Or, by prudence, then, &c.

[Page 161]He wrote to those of Elida, who would needs assist the Arcades: Quietness is a very pleasant thing, Or, not to be entangled in others af­fairs.

He said to the Allies, who would know what every one was to pay towards the Pelo­ponesian War, that no certain measures could be taken in a War.

Looking on a new Engine to force Towns withal: Farewel courage, said he. Or, va­lour is at an end.

The Greeks would not make a breach with two Rings that were very Potent: And said the Lacedemonians would be more insupporta­ble then those, if they became Masters: The Sheep, said he, ever bleat in the same man­ner; but men change their Tone, according to the change of events. Or, according to their several Interests.

After Agis had lost the Battle against An­tigonus, Astyratidas some body asking a Lacedemonian, whe­ther they would now obey the Macedonians: They cannot yet hinder us, said he, from dy­ing with our liberty.

Another being fallen into an Ambuscade, Bi [...]s: his Soldiers asked him, what he would do: Dye, said he, and save you, Or, whilst you save your selves.

Brasidas Brasidas. going forth to War, said he would dy, or drive the danger far enough from his Country.

Callicratidas Calliratidas. having great want of Money to pay his Soldiers, refused Fifty Talents that were proffered him, if he would deliver [Page 162] up one they desired; and said, he never sold any mans life, nor his Honor. I have shap­ed this into an Apothegme.

Going to Young Cyrus to demand some money to pay the Fleet, they told him, that Prince was at Table: I will stay, said he, till he hath dined. But not having been able to come to the Speech of him that day, nor the next, because he was in a debauch: Let them be cursed, said he, that first made Courtship to Barbarians: and added, that at his re­turn, he would labour with all his might to reconcile the Greecians together, and would come there no more, that he might do no­thing unworthy of Sparta.

Cyrus, having sent him pay for his Army, with Presents to himself, he sent back the Presents, and said, that the general alliance was enough, without making any particular one. The same almost is in another Apophthe­gme.

Being [...]eady to begin the Fight with the Arginuses, his Pilot having told him, that the Enemy was the Strongest: Since a retreat is shameful, and Death or Victory Honor­able, it is best to conquer, or Dy, said he.

When the Soothsayers had declared to him at a Sacrifice, that he was threatned with death, but that he should obtain the Victory: The Fortune of Sparta, said he, does not de­pend upon the life of one Man: Or, she can lose but one Citizen by my death, but shall agran­dize her Empire by my Victory, come on. And [Page 163] having named his Successor he gave them battle, and Dyed.

Chariles Chariles. being Interrogated, wherefore Ly­curgus had made so few Laws? Because, there needs not many for those that talk but little, replyed he.

It being asked, wherefore the Virgins in Lacedemonia went bare- [...]aced, and the Women vailed; it is, said he, because the one seeks to get a Husband, and the other is afraid to lose a Husband, for jealousie.

He told his Slave, one time, who had done some idle thing: I would beat thee, if I were not in wrath. Others cannot Strike un­less they be in passion: This relishes more of the Philosopher, then a Warriour.

He said, that the Hair of the Head was the greatest Ornament of Man, and which cost him the least: And therefore the Lacedemo­nians let theirs grow.

That the best form of Government, was that where there was much Emulation, and little Envy. As in Lacedemonia.

That the Gods were pourtray'd in Armour, that so we might not have the boldness to of­fend them.

He told the Thebans, they ought to speak more modestly, or be more strong: Which a­grees with what Lysander said to those of Mega­ [...]a.

Clearques Clearques. said, that nothing could be done with an Army without Discipline, and that a Soldier ought to fear his Captain more then his Enemy.

[Page 164] Cleombrotus Cleombrotus. said to a Stranger, who contend­ed in point of Honor with his Father, He has not made, or got a Son like me yet.

Cleomenes Cleomenes. said, that Homer was the Poet of the Bravo's, because he speaks of nothing but Battles, and Hesiod of Slaves, treating of Agriculture.

Having agreed a Suspension of Arms for seven day with those of Argos, he went and surprized them one Night, and said, to excuse it, that the Nights were not compre­hended in the Suspension, and that it was law­ful to do all the mischief one could to an E­nemy: But, he could not make himself Ma­ster of the City, for the very Women drove him thence, and becoming frantick after­wards, he mutilated his Members and Dy­ed.

The Deputies of Samos, having made him a long harangue, he told them, he had quite forgotten the beginning, which made him unable well to understand the middle of it, and for the Conclusion he could not do what they desired.

Of a Rascally Fellow, who was back-biting every Body, he said, it was to keep every one upon the defensive posture, that so none might attack him.

Some body affirming that Kings ought to be ever courteous: Provided it does not make them be despised, said he.

After a long and dangerous Sickness, giving [Page 165] ear to the Priests and Soothsayers, he said to excuse it, that being no more the same he was, they ought not to admire that he had other Sentiments, Or, that having lost his Strength, they need not wonder he had changed his Max­ims.

A learned man having made a long dis­course of valour, he said smiling, it was a very becoming thing for every one to talk of what he understood.

He drove a Prince out of Sparta, who would have corrupted him, for fear, said he, lest he should make the same profers to some that could not so well resist him, as my self.

He said, that the Lacedemonians would not ruine Argos, that they might leave some­thing to exercise their Youth withal.

Being asked why the Lacedemonians did not consecrate the Spoil of those they had conquered to their Gods: It is, because, said he, the Deities despise any thing belonging to those that suffer themselves to be beaten.

He reproved a Lacedemonian who had treated his Host after the Laconick way: Because, said he, he should have dispenced with that rule towards a Friend.

Alexander having sent word to Sparta, that they should render him divine Honors, Let him be a God, said Damis, Damis. since he will have it so.

Some body saying, Damidas. that the Lacedemonians would suffer much by Philips Army which was [Page 166] entred into Thessaly, what can he do, said D [...] ­midas, to People that does not fear Death.

Damonide Damonide. having been seated at the lower end in a great Assembly, said, they had a mind to make that place the most Honorable. This resembles that of Agesilaus, that it was not the place that gave the quality.

Demarat Demarat. being a little rudely treated by O­rontus told those, who began to murmur at it; It is those who flatter us that do us hurt, and not those that treat us ill.

Being asked, why such as lost their Bucklers were punished at Sparta, and not those that threw away the rest of their Arms: It is, said he, because they are permitted to forsake their own Defence, but not that of others. The joyning of several Bucklers [...] served as a kind of a Rampard to the bastaillon.

He said of a man that play'd well on the Lyre, that man fools pleasantly enough.

In an Assembly where he was silent, being asked, whether it were out of stupidity, or prudence: A fool, said he, cannot hold his Tongue.

One having asked him, wherefore he fled from Lacedemonia, where he was King: It is, said he, because the Laws have more power then the Sovereign.

A Persian Lord that had revolted from his Prince, returned to Court at the instance of Demarat; and when the Prince would have put him to Death: It would be shameful, said he, to take away his life now he is your Friend, since you could not do it while he was your Enemy.

[Page 167] Pyrrbus endeavouring to oblige the Lace­demonians to restore their King Cleonyme: If thou art a God, said Dercillidas, Dercillidas. we do not fear thee, because we have done no ill, and if thou art a man, we are as brave as you can be.

An Ephory cutting the two Strings which a famous Musician had added to the Lyre: Art not thou ashamed, Emerepe. said he, to corrupt Musick thus, by rendering it low and effeminate, whereas it was loud and Masculine?

Eudamidas E [...]damidas. told a Philosopher who talked of the art of War, that none could discourse knowingly of it, that had not been wakened by sound of Trumpet, Or have practised what one would teach.

When they would have obliged him to make War upon the Macedonians, after the Persians defeat; It is not, said, he, the same thing, to have to deal with a thousand Sheep as with fifty Wovles.

Some speaking in praise of the City of A­thens: No man, said he, is become the better for having been there [...]

Another observing, that the Lacedemoni­ans were corrupted in Strange Countries; but none, said he, are corrupted in Lacede­monia.

Alexander at the Olympick Games having caused Proclamation to be made that all such as were banished should be restored, except the Thebans: That is severe to them, said he, but it is Glorious. Because Alexander feared them.

[Page 168]Observing an old Philosopher busy himsel [...] still in the Search after Vertue: When is it that the will put it in practice, said he?

Another sa [...]ing, Eudemonide that none but a wise man could be a great Captain: That's very fine, said he, but it should be some great Captain that affirms it.

It being asked of a Lacedemonian where­fore the Ephori did Justice to private Per­sons: Eurycrati­das. To accustom themselves, said he, to do it to the Enemy. They were the Soveraign Magistrates.

Having heard that at Athens they had con­demned one because he did nothing: Shew me said Herondas, Herondas. any one they have condemned for living nobly. Because the Lacedemonians did nothing.

Upon the point of giving battle Agis would have sent home to Sparta an old man of Four­score years, Hippodame. to save him from danger: Where can I find, said he, a braver place to dy in; and would not go. He dyed at his feet.

The Satrape of Caria having asked of Hip­pocratidas Hippocrati­das. what treatment he would shew to a Lacedemonian who had not revealed a conspi­racy: If he were your Friend, said he, he hath deserved Death; if not, to be banished, for not having courage enough to adhere to Ver­tue. This is a little obscure.

Finding a young man much ashamed because he was met in ill company: We ought to keep such company as will not make us blush, said he.

One asking Leon Leon. where he should dwell to [Page 169] be in safety: Where equallity reigns, said he, and whence injustice is banished, at Lacede­monia.

At the Olympick Games seeing the Athle­tes making ready to take the advantage of starting upon the first Signal, great Gods, said he, how much more passion have men for Hon­our, then for Justice.

When Leonidas went forth to defend the pass of Thermopyles, Or, for the Victory. Leonidas. from whence he expect­ed not to return, his Wife asking, whether he had nothing to say to her: Nothing, said he, but only that you should marry again af­ter my Death to some brave man, that may get you Children like me.

The Ephori wondering he carried so few men for this enterprize: Here are but too many, said he, to be [...]lain: And being asked, what he would do with those few Companies: Dye, replyed he, under the pretence of ob­structing the Enemies passage. To another that put the same question, he said, that all Greece did not equal those Enemies in number, but these alone equall'd them in valour; and being arrived, let us lose no time, said he, the Enemy advances, we must either dye, or conquer.

Some body telling him aloud, the Enemy approaches us; and we them, said he.

One telling him to amaze him that the ve­ry Sun would be darkned with the Persians Arrows, The better, said he, we shall fight in the shade then.

[Page 170] Xerxes having sent him word, that agree­ing with him, he would bestow the whole Empire of Greece upon him: I had rather dye for my Country, replyed he, then command it unjustly. He added, that Xerxes deceived himself in believing it a Vertue to usurp ano­thers right.

That Prince having sent to him to Sur­render his Arms, he answered, He should come and fetch them.

Being asked wherefore brave men prefer­red Death to life: Because they hold one by Fate, Glorious death. and the other from their Vertues, said he.

Leotychides Leotychides accused for being changeable [...] It is not I that change, replyed he, but the times. Or, affairs.

One asking him the way to preserve wh [...] he had; not to expose it to Fortune, said he.

As some were telling another of that name that a Slanderer had spoken ill of him: Leotichides Son of A­riston. That is, said he, because a Slanderer can speak well of none.

The Prognosticators making it a great Pro­digy, that a Serpent had wound it self round the Key of his Chamber-Door: No said he, but it would be one, if the Key should wind it self about the Serpent. This alludes to that of Cato, of the Mouse that had nibbled the Stockin.

A distressed wretch, who was initiated in the Mysteries of Orpheus, asserting that all such who were so, should be thrice happy after their [Page 171] Death: Why doest thou not die immediately then, said he?

Lysander Lysander. being reproached for doing things unworthy of Hercules from whom the Lace­demonians drew their Original: We must piece the Foxes furr, said he, to the Lyons skin where it wants. Alluding to Hercule's his Lyon.

Those of Argos, alledging better reasons then the Lacedemonians upon some difference betwixt them: He that hath the best Sword, said he, will have the most right. This smells of the corruption of that Age, for the Lacedemo­nians were more reserv'd; and indeed, he would have altered the Laws of Lacedemonia, with the Government; and did introduce Riches.

His men fearing to give an assault on Corinth, a Hare starting up in the Rampart: Are you not ashamed, said he, to dread those Enemies, that a poor Hare is not afraid of.

To a Deputy of Megara who spake a little too confidently, he said, your words require another-guess City, To show ones courage must be measured to ones Fortune or Strength.

He said that truth was to be valued above leasing; but that both might be made use of upon occasion, and so confounded interest with honesty. He added, that Children were amused with Rattles, and men with words, which is a pernicious Maxim, because it dis­bands all Faith, which is the foundation of hu­mane Society.

As he was consulting the Oracle of Samo­thrace, Or, going to be initi­ated. the Priest examining him, according to [Page 172] the Custom, what was the worst Act he had committed in all his life, he inquired of him, whether he put this question in behalf of the Gods, or himself; and being answered, that it was in behalf of the Gods: Then I will stay to give account, said he, till they ask it me themselves.

A Persian asking him, Which was the best sort of Government: That where every one is treated as he deserves, replied he. Or, where Dignities are the reward of vertues; for this reason he would have made the Kingdom E­lective.

A Flatterer and an honest man courting his friendship at the same time, and the Parasite vaunting that he spoke in his praise every where: I have, said he, a Yoke of Oxen in my Cart, and I know which is the best of them tho it speaks never a word.

One speaking a great deal of ill of him: Say all what thou wilt, replyed he, if it be to un­load thy heart.

Having beaten a Souldier for going out o [...] his rank; and the fellow crying out it was no [...] to steal: you ought not to have given the leas [...] Suspicion, said he.

Being worsted at a wrastling, he said it was not for want of Strength, but of Skill [...] Because the Children had no wrastling masters i [...] Lacedemonia, that they might not make a Science o [...] an Exercise.

As they were extolling Namertus Namertus [...] for hi [...] having so many Friends, he asked, if the [...] could tell how one might know them; whe [...] [Page 173] [...]hey inquiring of him how that was, he reply­ed, by Adversity.

It was told Nicander, Nicander. that the Argi [...]ns spoke [...]ll of him: It is punishment enough to them, to speak evil of a good man, said he. By the [...]samy that accrues.

An Athenian saying to him, you love to do [...]othing, you Lacedemonians: But we do not [...]ommit a hundred crimes, like you, to attain [...], said he. To become Rich that they might live [...]dly afterwards.

The Philosophers having bandied several [...]are questions before Panthoida, Panthoida. and asking [...]im what he thought of them: That those [...]ne Discourses are to no purpose, replyed he, [...]ecause you do not put them in practice.

Pausanias Pausanias, Son of Cle­ombrotus. being asked, wherefore they had [...]iven the right of Burghership in Sparta to the [...]oet Tirteus: That they might not seem, said [...]e, to have a Stranger for their Chief.

A little Fellow ill shaped advising him to [...]ake War: Wilt thou have us strip thee stark [...]aked, said he, to make us see the weakness of [...]im, that prompts us to try our Strengths.

Several admiring amidst the plunder of the [...]ersians, the Riches of their Ornaments: It [...]ad been to better purpose, said he, that these [...]ad been worth less, and the Owners of them [...]orth more.

After the Victory of Platea, causing a Din­ [...]er to be made ready according to the Persi­ [...] mode; observing the Magnificence of the [...]reparation, What did these people dream of [...] their abundance, said he, to come and attack [...]r beggery?

[Page 174]Another of that name being asked, why it was not permitted in Lacedemonia to change th [...] Laws: Because those are to command, sai [...] he, and not to obey.

After his Exile, Pausanias. [...] Son of Pli­stanax. being retired to Tegeum where he ceased not to praise the City of Spar­ta, he being asked, wherefore then he had le [...] it: Because Physicians have nothing to do, [...] places where all are in health. This was b [...] an evasion: For he was condemned to death, an [...] durst no return.

One asking him, the way to conquer th [...] Thracians? By chusing, said he, a good G [...]neral.

Pedaret Pedaret. hearing some people commend man for his Modesty: That's the Vertue a Woman, said he.

To one that would have terrify'd him with the numbers of the Enemies, he sai [...] there will be the more Honor in overcom­ing them.

Not having been able to obtain an electi [...] amongst the three hundred of the most H [...]norable in Lacedemon, he said, he rejoyced th [...] they had found three hundred Citizens b [...]ter then himself.

Plistarcus Plistarcus, Son of Leo­nidas. hearing that an envio [...]s man h [...] praised him: He believes that perha [...] I am dead, said he. Because the Dead are [...] of the jurisdiction of envy.

Of a Counseller that plaid the jeaster, [...] said, he will become ridiculous at last, by [...] ­vermuch acting so.

Polydore Polydore; Son of Alca­menes. said to one who was eterna [...] [Page 175] threatning his Enemies, that he spent all his Re­venge in words; for it is certain that Passions evaporate that way, as well as grief does by tears.

Leading his Army against the Messenians, one reproaching him that he would make War upon his Brethren: No, said he, but take my portion of an Inheritance, which is not yet shared. That Country was in the Neighbourhood of Lacedemonia.

After the battle of the three hundred, and the defeat of those of Argos that followed; being counselled to assault the place, which could not defend it self: I will not, said he, undertake a new process, Or, take a Town, when there is no dispute but to settle the Limits, or Frontiers.

He was asked why the Lacedemonians were so brave; because they love dangers, reply­ed he, or because they do not Fight so much out of fear, as love. In the Original it is, because they have learned to respect their Comman­ders, and not to fear them.

Polycratidas Polycrati­das. being sent with some other to the Persians, he was asked, whether they came on the behalf of the publick: Yes, said he, if we obtain our demands; if not, no body sends us. That their Republick might receive no [...]ffront.

Telecres Telecres. said to his brother, who complain­ed that he could not be made an Ephori, as he was: That he could not so well dissemble his injuries, or undergo them.

Some body inquiring of him, wherefore the [Page 176] Lacedemonians gave so much Honor to old men, To teach them, thereby, said he, to re­spect their Fathers.

Being asked how much Wealth he had; as much as I want to keep me alive, said he. As if the rest did not belong to him, since he enjoy'd it not.

Thearidas Thearidas. being questioned whether his Sword were very sharp: sharper then Calum­ny, replyed he.

Theopompus Theopompus. said, the means to preserve an Em­pire was to give ear to the advertisements, or admonitions of our Friends, and not to suffer the little ones to be trampled upon by the great ones.

Some discoursing, that the City of Sparta did triumph, because they knew how to Com­mand; No, said he, but because they know how to obey.

He said, that time abolish'd those Honors that were too great; and augmented the mean­er. Or time pulls down the great and axalts the little.

APOPHTHEGMES OF LACEDEMONIANS Whose Names are not illustrious, or are not to be found.

BEfore the Battle of Thermopylae. Leoni­das having sent away some young men who were unmarried, to keep them out of harms way; and intending to do the same by three more, under the pretence of giving them some Commission; one of them said, he was come thither as a Soldier [...], and not to be a Messenger; another, that he could do more Service there, then in Lace­demon: And the third replyed, I shall as wil­lingly dye here, as elsewhere, Or Fight [Page 178] at first, as with the last:

A Lacedemonian having a Gray-beard, and being asked, wherefore he wore it so long: That by beholding it, I may do nothing un­worthy of it, replyed he.

A Poet having said, that the City of A­thens was the support of all Greece: A Lace­demonian replyed, it would soon fall, had it no stronger Pillars.

Another observing a man that willingly gave ear to slandering: Do not, said he, lend thy Ears against me.

Some belonging to the Isle of Kio, having done somebeastly things in their passage tho­row Lacedemon, the Ephori not willing to punish them, caused it to be proclaimed, that those of Kio should be allowed to be nasty Villains.

A Lacedemonian spying a man lying at his whole length in a Chariot: I should be asham­ed, said he, to be seen in a posture that I could not defend my self in case I were assaulted. Or, as the Greek is, that I could not rise up, if I met an old man.

Diogenes being naked, embraced a Statue in cold weather, and saying to excuse himself, he felt no hurt or inconvenience: Wherefore doest thou do so then, said a Lacedemoni­an.

Some one of a Nation that was not very Valiant, saying, Nevertheless we have Con­quered our Neighbour Countries: That is because you are not only cowardly, but unjust too, said a Lacedemonian.

[Page 179]Another who was about having a [...]shooe put on, saying to a Lacedemonian, that he could not stand so long upon one Foot, as he did: No, said he, but Cranes can stand longer yet. To shew we must not take vanity in such idle things.

A Rhetorician bragging of his Art: doest thou call that an Art, said a Lacedemonian, which hath not truth for it's Object and End. Because they often perswade to believe un­truths.

An Inhabitant of Argos, saying they had many Lacedemonians buried in their Country: Yes, said a Lacedemonian; but there are no A [...] ­giens Graves in Lacedemonia. To shew, they had not the courage to approach them. This has some resemblance with another of an Athenian, who said, they had often repulsed the Lacedemonians from the Walls of Athens.

A Sergeant who was selling of Slaves, say­ing: I have a Lacedemonian to sell: say, a Captive, replyed he.

Lysimachus, asking a Lacedemonian who had listed himself in his Army, if he were not a Hilote, which was a kind of Slave: Doest thou believe, that any other would come to serve thee for five pence wages? said he.

The Thebans after the Battle of Leuctres, coming down even to the very Gates of La­cedemon, one of them cryed out aloud, where are the Lacedemonians now? They are not here, said a Captive, for if they were thou durst not approach so near them.

[Page 180]The Athenians having been compelled to Surrrender to the Lacedemonians, demanded of them to have the Isle of Samos left in their hands: That were not just or fair, said they, to let you keep possession of anothers Lands, when you have not been able to defend your own.

Philip sending to know of them, whether they would have him enter the Country, as a Friend or a Foe: they answered him neither as one, nor other.

Another time they condemned an Ambassa­dor to pay a Fine, for having given the Title of King to Antigonus, altho that Prince had made a Present of great quantities of Wheat to the Spartans in a time of Famine. But they reckoned all those Successors of Alexander to be Vsurpers.

A wicked person having propounded very good advice upon occasion, they caused him to be registed as an honest man, that they might not seem to give countenance to Vici­ous persons.

Two Brothers pleading against each other they raised a Fine upon the Father of them, for his not deciding that Controversy. A Musician was likewise condemned, for having played on the Lyre with his Fingers, contrary to their Custom, because they would not suf­fer Sparta to be corrupted with Novelties.

A little Boy being mortally wounded by his Camerade; he said to those that cheered him with the hopes of a revenge; that needs not, for I had done the same to him, [Page 181] had I been strong enough.

Another having stollen a Fox, suffered it to tear his Bowels, rather then discover his theft, and said to excuse it, that it were bet­ter to Dye, then be taken in an ill act. It was permitted to steal, provided they were not taken in the Fact.

Some saying to a Lacedemonian, it was happy for him, that he had not been met with by Thieves: But, they are so, said he, for not meeting with me.

A Lacedemonian, being Interrogated, what he could do: Be Free, replyed he. Or, dye for my Liberty.

A Young Lacedemonian Captive, who served his Master well enough, having order to bring him his Chamber-pot, answered not; and being pressed to do it, he made his Escape to the top of the house, and told him, you shall quickly find whom you have to deal with­al, and cast himself down, that he might not do a thing unworthy, or beneath himself.

Another being asked whether he would be a good Boy, if they bought him: Yes, said he, or whether you buy me, or not.

One being Scoffed at, for having painted a Fly upon his Buckler, as if he would avoid being known by so small a token: You de­ceive your selves, said he, for I will charge the Enemy so near, that they shall have Rea­to know this Mark well enough.

Some having proffered to put a Lyre into the Hands of a Lacedemonian, after they had dined, he said, he had no skill in Fooling.

[Page 182]One inquiring of another, whether it were safe going to Lacedemon: There is no danger for any but Lyons, said he, for the Hares sleep at our very Gates, To shew they minded not cowards.

A Lacedemonian mortally wounded at the first on-set: It does not trouble me to dye, said he, but to be killed thus basely, before I had Signalized my courage.

Another having given some Fish to be dres­sed at an Inn: hearing the Host call, to bring him some Oyl, Vinegar, and some Cheese to make the Sauce: If I must have all that, said he, I shall not need the Fish. This shews their Fru­gality.

At Lysander's Death, Agesilaus having found among his Papers a Speech concerning the changing of the form of Government. And being about to publish it, his Friends told him, He ought not to Rake Lysander out of his Grave; but rather bury his harangue with him. Because it is dangerous to reveal what may hurt us.

Those that were Betroathed to his Daugh­ters, refusing to Marry them after his decease, because he Dyed Poor, the Ephori condemn­ed them to pay Fines: Because they had shewed more regard for Wealth, then for their Faith.

At their return from a Battle, a Lacedemo­nian being asked, whether those that were slain were not the bravest Fellows: Death, said he, must be very cunning to distinguish between Cowardize and Valour.

Some admiring the happyness of a Merchant who had many Vessels: I do not value, said [Page 183] a Lacedemonian, a happyness exposed to the mercy of the waves.

A Lacedemonian beholding his Son brought home from a Battle, with seven mortal wounds, and all in Honorable places: I do not weep for thee, my Son, said he, it is the cowards should be wept for.

Philip being entred into Laconia, some bo­dy said to a Lacedemonian, what will you do now, poor People? We will dye, replyed he, for we have not learned to serve. They answered to the demands that Prince made them with one word, no.

Antipater requiring of the Lacedemonians Fifty Young men in hostage, they rather chose it should be Women, or Ancient men, lest their Youth should be corrupted with For­raign manners, and when he threatned unless they would obey him: If thou commandest us, said they, things worse then Death, we will rather chuse to dye.

An Aged man at the Olympick Games run­ning about every where to find a Seat, no sooner came near the Lacedemonians quar­ters, but all the Young men rose up; which being observed with great Acclamations: Great Gods, said he, all the Grecians know what Vertue is; but there are none but the Lacedemonians that put it in practice. Aged men were much Honored and respected amongst them; whereupon one said pleasantly enough; that it was an advantage no where but in Lacedemon to grow old.

A poor Fellow craving an Almes of a Lacede­monian: [Page 184] He that gave thee the first, said he' ruined thee. Because that incouraged his Idleness.

One having desired an offering of a Lace­demonian; I do not value those Gods, replyed he, that are more Beggarly then my self. Or, that wants the Assistance of men.

Hearing an Orator very glib in a Discourse: Great Gods, said he, how fast that Fellow's Tongue waggs! Not setting any value on his Eloquence.

Another being asked, what he thought of a Poet of those times, said, He is a fit Instru­ment to corrupt Youth. Because of the Licen­tiousness of the Poetry of those times.

A couple of Lacedemomans having freely offered themselves to Death, to expiate the crime committed against the Persian Ambassa­dors; the King being astonished at their bravery, and intreating them to stay with him: We cannot, said they, live without those, for whom we are willing to dye.

A Lacedemonian not being able to obtain Audience of a Prince, who excused it, by Reason of his indisposition: Tell him, re­plyed he, that I did not come hither to Fight with him; but to speak to him.

Another spying a Ghost whilst he was cros­sing over a place of Burial in the night time: What doest thou come hither for, Miserable Wretch, said he, to dye once agen, and pre­sented the point of his javelin to him.

some Re­publick to It was not allowed in without a generalcon make away ones self sent, [...]as at Marselles. A Lacedemonian having obtained leave to precipitate himself, withdrew after he had observed the height of the fall; and being [Page 185] Scoffed at for it: I did not Think the favor they had done me, would require a Second to put it in Execution. He meant, Resolution.

Another in a Battle, hearing a Retreat founded, just at the instant he was giving his Blow: It is better, said he, to obey the Law, then to kill an Enemy, and so withdrew himself.

It being told a Lacedemonian, who was worsted at the Olympick Games, that his Adversary was too Strong for him: Not so, replyed he, but too Skilful. In Lacedemon they made Wrestling only an Exercise, but had no teachers of that Art.

Fifty thousand Slaves being taken and carri­ed away at one time out of Laconia: How are we eased of a world of Rascals, said a Lace­demonian!

Another, who gloried in his Victory at the Olympick Sports, and who refused a great Sum of Money if he would yield the Con­quest, being asked, what his Reward would be, to March, said he, crowned before the King. For so Valour was Honored, by them.

A Lacedemonian being overthrown, and ready to be thrust through behind: Strike me, cryed he, in the Forepart; that my Friends may not blush for me when I am Dead.

A Lacedemonian Tutor, being Interrogat­ed, what he would teach his Disciple: Ho­nor, replyed he. For that all the Precepts are contained in that. Another said, that a good tutor served to make that which was Vseful to become Pleasant.

[Page 186]A Lacedemonian being Sentenced to Death, said, he was glad they had condemned him to a Fine, which he could easily pay down.

Another said, the Lacedemonians spake but little because there was nothing so much like silence. Or so near to silence.

That Calumny was so much worse then In­justice, as a Traitor is worse then an open Enemy.

At Sparta it was usually said, that those who were free were absolutely so, and those who were Slaves the same. By Reason of the full Li­berty of the one, and the extreme Servitude of the other.

APOPHTHEGMES OF SOME LACEDEMONIAN Women.

BRasidas Brasidas. being slain in Thracia, his Mo­ther enquired of some Ambassadors of that Country, whether he dyed like a brave man; and they having replyed, that he was unparalell'd: You deceive your selves, said she, there are many still in Macedonia, that excel him.

The Daughter of King Cleomenes observ­ing an Ambassador, Gor [...]. that made great promi­ [...]es to her Father: Send away that stranger, [...]aid she, lest he corrupt you.

Seeing his Servant one day dressing him, she [...]yed out; that he had no hands,

And meeting another that let his Train [Page 188] drag after him out of State: Lacedemoni­an women. He does not so much as understand the Womans Trade yet, said she. Or, could not act that effeminate part well.

Gyrtias Gyrtias. when they brought home her little Son, half dead with his wounds, she turned out all her Friends and Servants that wept and bewailed him; and said, Brave people are not to be lamented, but all their care must be to help to cure them.

Another time having received news that he was slain: It was fit he should conquer, or dye said she; I am better satisfyed that he is dead honorably, then to have lived long to no pur­pose.

Damatrias Damatrias. flew her Son, being returned from Battle, where he had behaved himsel [...] coward-like. Another did the same, adding [...] he was none of hers. A third, sent hers wor [...] there went an ill report of him, which he mus [...] wipe off, or dye. Another ran before he [...] Children who were Flying from the Enemy [...] and pointing to her Belly, asked them, whether they would hide themselves there. Another seeing her Son come Back alone, inquired [...] him for his Companions, and Learning from him, that they were all Slain; broke his head saying, Go and follow them.

One telling his Mother, that his Brothe [...] was Dead: Art thou not ashamed, said sh [...] to Survive him? This was not brave but [...]nn [...] ­tural.

A Woman having five Sons, who we [...] Marched out against the Enemy, placed h [...] [Page 189] self at the Gate of the Suburbs, to hear some tydings of the Fight, and being told they were all Dead; that is not the thing I would know; but whether they gained the Victory; which being assured of: Courage, said she, all goes well.

Another Burying her Son who was killed in Battle, said to those who would have comforted her: I begot him only for this.

A Lady taking pride in some curious Needle­work, a Lacedemonian said to her, pointing to her four Sons; Behold, there is my work.

The Mother of Pedaret, wrote him word: Do better, or never return, for thy fortune is desperate.

Another finding her Son go Lame after his re­turn from War, said, thou canst never make a step, but it will mind the ofthy valour. Another added, the Honor will not let thee feel the inconvenience. But, a third told her Son, who could hardly crawle along, that he had more reason to glory in his Valour, then be ashamed of his Misfortune.

Another giving her Son his Fathers Buck­ler, charged him, that he should keep it as well as his Father had done: Another said, bring it back again, or let them bring thee back again upon it.

Another complaining that his Sword was too short: You must make your thrusts the more home, said she, Or, take one stride the nearer.

Another hearing her Son had done bravely; ('Tis because he was my Son, said she. And of [Page 190] another who was faint hearted, she affirmed, he had been changed at Nurse.

Another being informed of the Honorable Death of hers: By that, he hath made it ap­pear he was my Son, said she. Another said, let them place his Brother in his rank. Ano­ther said to him that brought the news: I am ashamed for thee, that thou didst not fol­low him. Another said, it was more Ho­norable to dye for his Country, then to Return Victor from the Olympick Games, and would not take off the Garland of Flowers she had upon her Head.

One attempting to corrupt a Lacedemo­nian Lady; she bid him, make his Addresses to her Husband. That was a thing allowed of by Lycurgus's Laws.

Some body enquiring of another, what she brought in Marriage, she replyed, Cha­stity.

A Female Captive of Lacedemon, being asked, what she could do; replyed, she could keep House: Another said, she could Govern it well: another, be free: and being commanded to do some unworthy thing, sh [...] told them, they would be sorry for her one day, and slew herself.

Another being asked, if she had lain near her Husband: Not I near him, replyed she but he near me.

The Mother of Agis contemplating him after his Death: Ha my Son, said she, thy Vertue made thee dye! He would have restore the Ancient Discipline.

[Page 191]She said, killing her self; I can do no o [...] other Service now, but this to my Country. Or, I have been Serviceable only in this.

A Lacedemonian Lady, having by chance discovered her naked Arm in the Street; and some body crying out, ah! how white and Handsome it is: She replyed, it is not com­mon.

APOPHTHEGMES OF PHILOSOPHERS.

THales Thales. said, it was indifferent either to live, or to dye; and being asked, wherefore he did not dye then; Be­cause it is indifferent, replyed he.

To one that inquired of him, what was the Strangest thing he had seen in his whole life: he answered, an old Tyrant.

One that had committed Adultery, asking him, if he should swear he did it not, he told him, that Perjury was not worse then Adulte­ry; But they are two Crimes instead of one.

Being asked his opinion, which was the best form of Government in a State: That, reply­ed he, where there are neither Poor, nor Rich. That is because nothing can be drawn from the Wealthy by reason of their interests, nor from the poor by Reason of their want, besides, that a­bundance, and want makes people more undertaking.

[Page 193]These are a part of his Sentiments. Philosophers.

That Night had preceeded Day. It must not be added of one day, for there was none.

That the Gods do not only know our evil Actions but our evil Thoughts.

That it is the most difficult thing in the world to know ones self; [...] most casie to Counsel another; and the most delightful to obtain ones desires.

That Truth is as far distant from untruth, as the Eyes are from the Ears. Which is to say, that there is nothing of certainty but what one sees, not what one [...]ears.

That the best means to make one undergo Misfortune; is to see one more unfortunate then ones self, Especially ones Enemy.

That to live well we must abstain from those things, which we reprove in others.

That the happyness of the body consists in health, and that of the mind in knowledge.

That one must expect from ones Children the same that one hath done to ones Fa­ther.

That a great talker, is seldom a wise man.

That one must chuse well, and hold fast.

That the most Ancient thing that is, is God; the most beautiful, the World; the greatest, Place; the Swiftest Thought, the strongest, Necessity; the wisest, Time.

That we must not tell any thing to an [...] that can hurt us, to which this Resse [...] [Page 194] that one should live with his Friends, as if they might become Enemies. That is to say, love as if it might turn to hate, and hate as if it might convert to love; which is attributed to Chilon.

That the hardest things become easie by Custom; that it were as easie for a wise man to become Rich, as it were hard to make him covet it.

Pythagoras Pythagoras. interrogated when one should take the enjoyment of the pleasures of love, replyed, when one hath a mind to grow worse. Because it decreases strength.

He said, the whole World was a Comedy, of which the Philosophers were the Specta­tours.

That those who reproved us, did more good, then such as Flattered us, Because the one correct us, the other corrupt us.

That Wealth tended to Debauchery, De­bauchery to Violence, Violence to Repen­tnce.

That it is better to make our selves be be­loved, then feared. The reason is given for­merly.

That nothing is so fearful as a guilty con­science.

That Sickness should be banished from the Body; Ignorance, from the Mind; Vice, from the Will; Disorder, from the Passions; and Civil Wars, from ones Country; Or, rather from ones self.

That the Mind which takes too much care for it's body, makes it's prison more insuppor­table.

[Page 195] Solon did all he could to hinder Pissistratus from usurping that Tyranny, and having dis­covered his design, divulged it openly in the Assembly; but when he saw him become Master of the City, he withdrew, after he had told them, He was wiser then those that had not foreseen it, and more couragious then those that durst not disclose it.

When Pisistratus sent to him to know up­on what Grounds he undertook to oppose him, he replyed, upon my old Age; As hav­ing nothing more to fear.

Cressus showing himself to him in all his Glo­ry; and asking, Whether he had ever seen a­ny thing Finer; yes, said he, Peacocks and Phesants: By how much their Beauty and Bravery is natural, and his was borrowed. Nor would he style him happy, till he had finish­ed his Race, all being uncertain till the time of our Death.

Being asked whether he had given the A­thenians good Laws: Yes, said he, the best that they were capable of.

He said, the Laws resembled the Spiders Webs, that catched only poor Flies, Because the little ones only are punished, the great ones es­cape by their interests.

That to make an Empire lasting, the Magi­strates must obey the Laws, and the people the Magistrates.

That the Athletes were good for nothing when they were become old, after it had cost them a great deal to attain it.

That silence was the Seal of speech, and [Page 196] time of silence; Because it marks the season when to speak and when to refrain.

That he still learned by growing older.

That he had provided no Laws against Parricides, because he did not believe there were any.

That to prevent injuries, the way was that those who were not touched by them, should the first Present them.

That Luxury attended by Riches, degene­rated into Tyranny.

He termed Cities, the common-shoar of humane Misery, Or, the receptacle.

Chilon Chilon. asked one, who was vapouring that he had no Enemies, have you no Friends nei­ther? Both the one and the other arising from the same Principle.

He said, the perfection of man consisted in foreseeing the future, as much as it was possible to do by Reason.

That good men differed in this from the bad, that they had none but honest hopes.

That Gold was the Touch-stone of man.

That he repented himself but of one thing in all his life, having advised a Party to agree, that it might prevent his Friend from being condemned. That is to say, to prefer Friend­ship to Justice. Or, for having refused to Iudge between two, for fear of giving it against one, tho he had been choson Arbitrator for that purpose.

That when one saies, what one ought not to say, one is subject to hear, what one would not hear.

That a dishonest gain is more to beappre­ed [Page 197] then a loss, because we are sorry for that but once, for the other all our life time. Or, should bemoan that but once, &c.

That one should not undertake, what one cannot perform.

That the Tongue ought not to outrun the Wit, but must be bridled at all times; espe­cially at Feasts. Because the heat of Wine and good Chear, is apt to make one say things, which one would not have done fasting.

That the three most difficult things, were to keep a Secret, to forget an injury, and make good use of ones leasure.

That Iupiter's past time, was to list some up, and cast others down. These are called the Sports of Fortune.

That one should not threaten, because that [...]orewarnes them to stand upon their Guard.

That one ought not to take a Wife too well qualifyed with Beauty, Birth, Gran­deur, or Riches, for fear of taking a Mistriss instead of a Wife, or Mate.

That we must not speak evil of those that cannot defend themselves. He meant it of the Dead.

That we should honor old Age, not only upon the Score of Reason, but of Interest, That care may be bad of us, when old Age is come.

That the great ones ought not to be flatter­ed, lest they become proud.

That to make themselves be loved, as much as respected, they ought to temper their [Page 198] Majesty, with sweetness, Or, they should de­scend a little from their height.

That to Govern a State well, one should Go­vern his Family well.

That one must ever stand upon the Guard, against ones self.

That one should guide ones self in such a manner, as not to fall into contempt, nor into hatred. By too much pride, or too little Spirit.

That one should despise Death; but without neglecting life.

That what it had of most affrightful, was the Preparation towards it.

That one should neither desire it, nor fear it: Which he expressed in these Terms: I will not dye; but I care not if I were Dead.

That one should be old when one is young, and young in old Age; that is to say, wise in one, and not peevish in the other.

That one ought to remember kindnesses re­ceived, and forget those one has done.

Pittacus Pittacus. being told, that to put in executi­on what he had propounded, they must find out an honest man: The thing is then im­possible, said he.

He said, that a Pardon was of more value then Repentance. That is to say, then revenge which is subject to repentance.

That of all things the Ieast ingrateful, was time; the most obscure, things to come; the most faithful, the Earth; and the most unfaithful, the Sea.

That the half was worth more then the [Page 199] whole: It is a riddle which may be expounded of divers things, and particularly of Riches and of Qua­lity, the Mediums of which are by Aristotle held the best.

That there is nothing more certain then to dispose of the Present, without waiting the Future, Because of it's uncertainty. He added, that it belonged to Prudence to foresee it, and Resolution to undergo it; When it comes, and is unhappy.

That one ought not to divulge their designs, lest missing one be laughed at.

He ordained a double punishment, to those that did any Mischief being Drunk: One for the fault committed, and the other for the Drunkenness.

When some wicked Villains were invoking the Gods in a Tempest: Hold your peace, said Bias, Bias. and if possible, let them not know that you are here.

An Impious Fellow asking him, what Piety was; He gave no answer; and when the o­ther muttered at it, what hast thou to do with it, said he, it concerns thee not?

Being Judge, he wept at the Condemnati­on of guilty Persons, and said, He gave one to Nature, the other to the Law.

He said, the worst of wild Beasts, was the Tyrant, of tame ones the Flatterer.

That the most difficult to undergo of all things, was the change of Fortune, and add­ed, that those that had ever been unfortunate, were not so.

That hope was the most pleasing thing of [Page 200] life; but the most esteemed was profit.

That it was better to be a judge betwixt Enemies, then betwixt Friends; because a­mongst the first one was sure to gain a Friend, among the other an Enemy.

Periander Periander. said, to those that asked him, wherefore he retained the Dominion: That it was as dangerous to quit it, as to take it, Or, to lose it, as 'tis in the Greek.

That Kings ought to be Environed with good Will, in stead of Guards; that is to say, that to raign Securely, it is necessary to have the Affections of the People.

Cleobulus Cleobulus: said, there were two things to be feared, the Envy of Friends, and the Hatred of Enemies.

Anacarsis Anacarsis. bid them tell Solon coming to see him, that it was a Stranger who sought his Friendship: Go, and let him know, re­plyed Solon, that it is in his own Country he should make Friends, and not amongst Strang­ers; then coming in briskly to him, I am in my own Country, said he. He was come to dwell in Greece.

He said, the best Ship, was that which was Arrived in Port, and replyed to those that asked him, Whether there were more Living, or Dead: Amongst which do you reckon those that are Sailing? Another said, those that are asleep.

Being asked, whether there were any Mu­sick in his Country? He replyed, that there was not so much as any Vines. To show, that was the Prompter to debauch. He likewise [Page 201] said, there were two sorts of Grapes, the one Sweet, the other Sowre. To note, the diffe­rent effect of Wine, in the divers use of it.

An Athenian reproaching him that he was a Scythian: My Country, said he, is a shame to me, and thou art a shame to thy Country.

To a Debauched man that did some Extra­vagancies, he said, if he could not bear Wine better in his youth, he should be forced to drink Water in his old Age.

He said, that the publick Market Place was the Theatre of Injustice. Because of the frauds committed in trade.

That Drunkenness was a lesson for Sobrie­ty. Because of the inconveniencies one endures, and the infamy that follows; the Greek saies, the sight of Drunkards: But my expression extends yet further.

That the Tongue was the worst, and the best part of man. Or, member, for the ill, and the good it can do.

That the prosperity of the wicked, was the affliction of the good.

That in Greece it was the Ignorant that gave judgement and the wise that were judged. As Trage­ry, Musick &c. Because the common people presided in those sports of which they understood little; regulated the Politicks in which they understood yet less; and called the Generals to account, without any Skill, or Know­ledge of the Military Art at all.

He wondered that at Feasts they began with little Glasses, and concluded with great, and thus Drank small Draughts when they were thirsty, and greater when thirst was [Page 202] gone. But otherwise their thirst would have been abated too soon, and by consequence the pleasures of a Debauch could not have lasted.

He was Slain in Scythia, attempting to bring in the Grecian Customes, and said dying, that the Envy which had spared him amongst strangers, had murthered him at home.

To a Grecian who reproached him, that he was a Barbarian: He replyed, thou wouldst be so in my Country, as I am in thine.

Myson Myson. said, that we must not judge of Things by the Words, but of Words by the Things. They are the Rul [...] and by consequence the only Measure.

Some admiring that he laughed to himself being alone: 'Tis for that Reason, I laugh, said he. He loved no company.

When Anaxagoras Anaxagoras his Kindred reproved him, for that he took no care of his Wealth: Do you take Care of it then, replyed he, and gave it them. Note the saying of Cicero, that there is nothing so Foolish, but hath been said by some Philosopher. One might add, done.

Some body finding fault with him, that he cared not for his Country: You deceive your self, said he, pointing to the Heavens. And therefore he said, he was Born to contemplate the Sun and Stars.

Being twitted that he was deprived of his Country by his Exile; as that is of me, re­plyed he. Diogenes said as much.

Of Mausoleus Tomb, he said, it was Gold turned into Stone. The same may be said of all stately Buildings.

[Page 203]As some were bemoaning that he must dye in a Forraign Land: The way to the other World, said he, is as near from one place as the other.

Pericles endeavouring to dissuade him from the resolution he had taken to dye. When one would have the light of a Lamp to con­tinue, said he, they put some Oyl to it. He was in want.

He said, that knowledge did as much hurt to such as knew not how to use it, as it did good to others.

That Age and Sleep, did by little and lit­tle teach us the way to Death.

That of all those whom we held to be hap­py, there was not one that was so.

Socrates Socrates. having received a kick, will you not [...]esent it, said some: No more, replyed he, [...]hen if an Ass had struck me.

Of Heraclitus's Works, he said, that what he understood was very exquisite, and he be­lieved, that what he did not understand was so too, but that it required a good Diver to go to the bottom. Because of their profoundness.

Alcibiades having bestowed a great deal of Ground upon him to build: This is, said he, [...]ike one that should bestow a whole Oxe Hide, [...]o make one pair of shoes. As having no [...]eed of a great House; being but poor.

In a Fair, beholding a multitude of Wares [...]nd diversity of Merchandize: How many [...]hings I have no need of, cryed he!

He was wont to say, there is no Sauce like a good Appetite, and that Water seemed good to the thirsty.

[Page 204]He said, that knowledge and ignorance, were the Principles of good and evil, and that not only Nobility and Riches were no goods: But that they caused many evils.

As some were reproaching Antisthenes that he was Born of a Thracian Mother: That is, said he, because from two Athenians so great a man could not have proceeded. Because of the Luxury, and the softness of Athens.

He learned Musick in his old Age, saying it was never too late to learn. Or, it was al­ways time enough to learn.

Observing some were paying very dear for Fruits before the due season, he asked, whe­ther they despaired that Season would eve [...] come.

While they were Acting a Tragedy of Eu­ripides, where he Scoffs at Vertue, he wen [...] away, saying, it was a shame they took care to keep a Slave secure, and yet suffered so pre­cious a thing to be cast away.

Some body asking his advice, whether h [...] should Marry, or not; which soever you do you will repent, said he. Because we ar [...] ever wearied with our present condition, finding th [...] inconveniences.

His Wife being offended that he but Sle [...] ­derly treated some people of Fashion: If the [...] are worthy men, said he, they will be con­tented, if not, I do not care to plea [...] them.

He said, of those that were afraid to spea [...] before the People, that they dreaded tho [...] in Companies, whom they despised Single.

[Page 205]One of his Scholars having nothing to give him, gave himself to him: Thou doest not think, said he, what a great Present thou hast made me, for since every thing was made for man, man is more worth then any thing else that can be given.

When it was told him, that he was Con­demned to Death by the Athenians; and they, said he, by Nature. But it is unjustly, added his Wife: Wouldst thou have it to be justly, replyed he?

The day he was to Drink the Poyson, one of his Friends having sent him a Fine Gown: How, said he, will not that which hath served me all my life, serve at my Death?

Observing a Philosopher who affected to wear a [...]ttered Garment: I Spy thy Vanity, said he, through the Holes of thy Coat.

To those that asked him, whether Slander­ing did not offend him: There is nothing but truths that can offend. Another time he said, if what they say of me be true, it will serve to correct me; if not, it does not con­cern me, for it is not of me they speak.

One of his Friends not being able to suffer his Wives Bawling, he said, he was accustom­ed to it, as one is with the Gagling of Geese, or the Cackling of a Hen: But the Geese lay Eggs, and Breed young ones, said that Friend; and she brings me Children, replyed Socrates.

Some wishing him one day to strike her, because she came and took his Cloak away from him in the midst of the Street: 'Tis to [Page 206] much purpose, said he, and by that means we shall call all the people together about us, who will cry, to him Xantippe, to her Socrates!

He applauded the Apology which an Ora­tor had made for him; but he said it was not proper for him: As Shoes, said he, may be well made, and yet not Fit my Feet.

His Judges asking him, what he believed he had deserved, To be maintained, said he, at the Publick charge in the Prytanea. As one should say, in the Palace or the Town-hall.

He would have people refrain from Eating, and Drinking, such things as tempted one to Eat and Drink, when they have neither hun­ger, nor thirst, and said there was no worse Food. Because it begets Superfluous humors, which produces Maladies. It is added, that some times he would not Drink when he was very thirsty: But there is nothing that debilitates the natural facul­ties more, then to deny them their Lawful desires and it is not so much a subduing ones self, as a de­stroying ones self.

Aristophanes, having exposed him in his Co­medies, he said, he could endure Railery without Murmuring. While he was re­proving a Friend publickly, Plato telling him it had been better to have done it in private And thou likewise to have advifed me so too said he.

Hearing a Dialogue of that Author recit­ed, where he speaks much of him: How ma­ny Falsities, said he, does that Young man tell of me.

A Debauched Fellow complaining to him [Page 207] that he had no Money, he told him that he should borrow some of himself, by Retrench­ing his Expences.

Of a Prince, whose happyness was much extolled, he said, he did not know whether he were happy because he had never talked with him. Felicity depending more upon our selves, then upon external things.

To one that asked him questions concern­ing the State of the Dead after this life, he said, that he had never been in that Region, nor had seen any that were returned from thence.

He measured Riches by the use one had of them, and said, that the rest was not only Superfluous, but incommodious, another add­ed, that they were worse then Poverty.

He said, to a Debauched man that bragged he had more Scholars then himself, that it was not so easie to ascend, as to descend.

Being in company, and receiving the news of the Death of his Son: Come, said he, let us go and Bury him. Without being otherwise moved.

He said of a Prince who had expended much in the building of a Palace, but had been at no cost to improve himself; that People came Flocking from all parts to see his House: But no body was desirous to come to see him.

He recommended three things to his Di­sciples, Wisdom, Modesty, and Silence.

Being witness of the Massacre made by the thirty Tyrants, he said to a Philosopher: [Page 208] Let us comfort our selves that we are not like the great ones, the Subject of Tragedies.

His Wife finding fault with him that he had refused Alcibiades's Presents: I have, said he, my Ambition, as well as he hath his.

He said, there was no better Inheritance, then a good Friend.

Some body treating ill his Servant before him: Hast thou never taken notice, said he, that thou art more Guilty then he? Some at­tribute is to Diogenes.

A man followed by a little Servant, who carryed his Cloaths, complaining of his weari­ness: Art thou not ashamed, said he, to be wea­ker then a Child?

Against those that amused themselves in Fruitless and curious Studies, he quoted a Verse of Homer, where it is enquired what they do at home, and said, that those things that are above us, concerns us not. He meant the Heavens, and the Constellations.

When his Friends were concerned, that he having saluted another, the other did not return his Salutation: Wherefore should I be angry, because another is not so Civil as my self, said he?

He said, that Sumptuous Cloaths were only fit to Act Tragedies in.

Of a man that loved to contend, he said, He could not live amongst honest good natured men, but ought to wast his days in Solitude.

Some body complaining that every thing was very dear at Athens, he made it apparent, [Page 209] Leading him round the City, that there was nothing dear but Superfluities.

He would not accept the Presents of a Prince because he could not return him the like, nor would he go to wait upon him, that he might not trouble his quiet, nor lose his Liberty.

Saying one day to his Friends, being re­turned from a Fair, that if he had had Money, he would have bought him a Cloak, they all proffered him some: But too late, said Sene­ca; for they should have prevented the shame of asking for it.

One saying, his Travels had done him no good; that is, said he, because you Travelled always with your self.

He commanded Xenophon to follow him: To learn, said he, a Science which he Ignores, which is to make a good man. Or, to make man good.

Walking in the Morning, he said, he was preparing a relishing Sauce for his Dinner. Because it begets an appetite.

He called good Fame, the perfume of Vir­tues, because it ever follows and makes a last­ing Sweetness.

To a Young man who was silent, he said, speak that I may see thee.

He believed Woman to be as capable of Di­scipline as man, contrary to Aristotles opini­on, who holds her for a less perfect Animal.

Having adorned himself more then ordina­rily to dine with the Fair Agathon, said he, we must make our selves Handsome, to go to the Handsome. However he was very ill-favour­ed, [Page 210] and resembled the Pictures of the Silenes, who are Painted flat-Nosed and great-Belly'd.

Feeling a pleasing itch, when they took off his Chains, he said, that Pleasure was the Daughter of Pain, Or, rather that the one begot the other, by turns.

Before he Drank off the Poyson, he asked the Executioner, as they ask a Doctor before they take Physick, what he must do afterwards, and said, he was going to be delivered from all his troubles.

When he was told, he ought to preserve himself for his Children, and for his Friends, he said, God would provide for his Children: And for his Friends, he should find others in the Regions whither he was going, or at least, it would not be very long 'ere he should see them there.

A man well Skilled in Physiognomy, hav­ing said of him, that he was Brutish, Lux [...]ri­ous, and addicted to Drunkenness, he replyed, that it was true, he had an Inclination to those Vices; but that he had corrected himself by his Reason.

Aristippus having sent him some Money which he had earned by teaching, he return­ed it back again, saying that all things were not decent for all men. He never took any thing of his Scholars.

As he was treating a Friend, his Wife hav­ing thrown down the Table, and that Friend rising to be gone; your Hen did as much at your House the other day, said he, and I did not go away for that.

[Page 211]These are some of his Sentences.

He said, he knew but one thing; which was, Or, a bonus Genius. that he knew nothing: And added, that he had a God for his Conductor; who ad­vertised him of what he was to do. Plutar que saies, of what was to come.

That it was no small matter to begin well, tho that were little valved.

That it was very imprudent to separate the useful from the honest, as if any thing could be really useful that is not honest. Or, that dishonours us.

That Young People ought to do nothing to excess. This is a mark of Wisdom: But not of a great Genius, which runs on with great ardour to all it does undertake.

That great care was taken to make a Picture that resembled, but we had none to resemble the Deity, in whose Image we were made: That we trickt up our self in a Looking-glass, and did not a dorn our selves in Vertues habit. This is a little varied from Plutarch.

That he did Eat to live: But that the most part did live to Eat.

That it was with an ill Woman, as with a Vicious or ill-conditioned Horse, when one is once used to it, all others seem the better. Or, seem good.

That we were the more happy, or more good men, by how much we approached nearer to the Fountains of goodness and feli­ [...]ity, which is God.

[Page 212]That we must ask nothing of the Gods, but what they would have us, nor offer any thing but what cost nothing. Prayers, Praises and Thanksgiving.

That there was more Pleasure in Sobriety then in Debauchery; Because we taft it better and it is mixed with no bitterness; which mad him say, that the temperate were more Voluptuous then others.

That the means to make ones self to be ad­mired, was to be such, as one would have o­thers believe one to be.

That as one does not take ones Shoe-mak­ers Son, or ones Taylors, to make our Shoes or Cloaths, unless they know the Trade; i [...] was Ridiculous to suffer ones self to be Govern­ed by such as did not understand Affairs, upon the pretence that their Fathers were able men.

That if a man would manage his steps one might make a very long Journey with a [...] those that are idly lost.

That to strong natures, as well as Head strong Horses, there is more instruction re­quisite then to others.

That no kind of Labour is shameful, but that it is Idleness that is Shameful.

That it approaches Divinity to subsist with but a little, for they subsist without any thing [...] But there is a great deal of difference betwixt th [...] Divine Nature and ours, and by Regulating our [...] like theirs, we should destroy it.

That there was nothing so precious as lea­sure, not because we should do nothing, bu [...] because one may Chuse to do what one wi [...]

[Page 213]That the Beauty of the Soul is more amia­ble then that of the Body, tho she have not so many Adorers.

That true Friends are in this particular contrary to Lovers, that these always crave, and the others are ever giving.

That Books have destroyed, or ruined the Memory, because formerly the Memory was the only Book. Or, was instead of Books.

That if all the Evils were heaped together, to be dealt to every one his share, there are none but would rather keep his own then chuse any other mans.

Aesop Aesop. told those that Scoffed at his ill Coun­tenance, That makes not the man, but his Reason.

Some body relating some injuries that had been said of him, and excusing himself that it was not he, but others: Neither is it those that makes the Swords, said he, that Murthers men; but those that use them. His other Apophthegmes may be found in his Fables.

Empedocles Empedocles. said to one who complained he could not find a wise man: That is because one must be wise to find one.

Interrogated wherefore he was in so much choler against those that had spoken ill of him, that being unworthy of a Philosopher: I should not be sensible of Praise, said he, were I insensible of injuries.

He said, the Agrigentines builded as if they were to live for ever, and lived as if they were to dye quickly, like Prodigals.

Democritus Democritus. said, He had attained to an ex­tream [Page 214] old Age, by not yeilding to Voluptu [...]ousness. By this he understands the pleasures o [...] the body, or, rather the excess of pleasures, fo [...] there is nothing, to speak properly, but pleasure tha [...] maintains life. Therefore it hath been said, tha [...] the Gods are immortal by their continual plea­sures.

That a little Wealth was much to those that were not covetous, Or, rather, to those that were not Prodigal.

That we search for good and cannot find it and we find the evil without seeking after it.

That Luxury furnishes the great Tables with Meats, and Temperance the little ones.

That the hopes of Wisemen do sometimes succeed; but never those of Fools, because their Wishes are ever above their reach.

That old Age had every thing, and had no­thing; which may be likewise said of the co­vetous; of the one because they will not make use of what they have; and the others cannot.

That Riches did not consist in the possessi­on of Wealth; but in the use of it.

That if the body should arraign the Soul in Judicature, it could easily prove it had not done it's duty.

Of a Prattler he said, that he was not so capable of speaking, as he was incapable of holding his peace.

He called discourse the shadow of Action.

Having met with a Cucumber of a tast that was more then ordinary, he was informed that it had been put in a Pot wherein there [Page 215] had been Honey: How much they have dis­obliged me, said he, in discovering the reason: For they have deprived me of the pleasure I should have taken, in searching it out.

Heraclitus Heraclitus. said, one should run to prevent an injury, as one does to exstinguish a Fire. Because it breaks out immediately if not timely prevented.

That one should Fight for the Laws, as for the Outworks of a City. As being the Bull­warks of a state.

He told the Ephesians who admired to see him play with the Children, that he would rather chuse to do that, then to medle with their Affairs. Because of the trouble and danger there is to intermedle with the publick Affairs.

When some Murmured because he was si­lent in an Assembly; It is, said he, to give o­thers lieve to speak.

Timon, Timon. Surnamed the Misanthropus, because he hated men, gave this for his reason, that one half of them were worth nothing at all, and the other worth very little. Be­cause they hated not the ill ones enough.

He caressed Alcibiades, because one day, as he said, he would cause the Death of a World of People.

Some body that treated him, having said, what a pleasant Meal was this! Yes, replyed he if thou hadst not been here!

Intending to Fell a Tree in his Garden, whereon one had hanged himself, he gave notice to the People, that if any more had the same design, they might make use of it before it were cut down.

[Page 216]He said, that Coveteousness and Ambition were the two Elements that entred into the composition of all crimes.

Xenophon Xenophon. Sacrificing, heard of the Death of his Son, and laying down the Garland of Flow­ers he had upon his head, put it on again, as soon as he was assured that he dyed like a brave man, and said, as some have written, that he knew he was born Mortal.

He said, that good Deeds were Trophies erected in the hearts of men.

He added, that we must draw advantage from our very Enemles; and that to make the Gods be Favourable to us in Adversity; we ought to invoke them in Prosperity.

Aristippus, Aristippus. of whom it was said, that he was the same in his Purple, as in his Rags, to express how well he acted any part; having bought some Wild-Fowl very dear, said to those that muttered at it, that he was as dainty as they were covetous, and reproach­ed another, who told him, he would have bought it if it had not been of so great a Price: That he did not hate the Luxury, but the Expence.

The Tyrant Denys having spit in his Face, he without being moved, said to excuse it the Fishermen are wet all over to catch a lit­tle Fish. Courtiers endure any affronts to attain greatness.

Diogenes washing his Cabbage, cryed out to him, if thou could'st wash Cabbages, thou wouldst not make thy court to great ones And if thou couldest court the great ones [...] [Page 217] replyed he, thou wouldst not amuse thy self with washing of Cabbages.

Being asked what Philosophy had taught him: To live well with all the World, said he. Or, to speak freely.

He said, to those that reproved him for treating himself too Magnificently. That if it were a fault, it would not be practised at the Feasts of their Gods. Plato reproving him for the same thing, he asked him, why he did not do it to Denys the Tyrant? But there is great diffe­rence betwen a Prince and a Philosopher, and a day of Feasting, and an ordinary Meal.

He said, that the Wise would live well, tho there were no Laws.

Denys the Tyrant, having told him, in a way of reproach, that Philosophers were of­ten seen at the Gates of great men; But that great men were not seen at the Doors of Phi­losophers: That is, said he, because Philoso­phers know what they want, but great men do not know it. Another time he said, that it was as we see Physicians at their Patients Doors.

He said there was as great a difference be­twixt a Fool and a Wise man, as between a Horse that was managed, and another that was not.

One of his Scholars being scandaliz'd to see him go into a naughty House: The mis­chief, replyed he, is not in going in, but in not being able to come out again. As much as to say, that nothing is blameable in pleasures, but excess.

[Page 218]He said, that it were better to be poor then Ignorant; because knowledge is a Treasure far more precious then Riches.

Retiring from one that spoke injuriously of him, and the other crying, wherefore doest thou fly: Because thou art used, said he, to speak ill, and I am not used to hear it. There is somewhat like this of Cato.

One asking him wherefore he seemed to be more affrighted then others were in a storm: It is, replyed he, because I have more to lose. That is to say, a man of Worth runs a greater risque then a Fool, because the loss is greater.

He said, to one who vapoured of know­ing much, or, of having read much: It is not those that eat most are the Fattest nor most healthful, but those that have the best digestion, Or, that eat the best meats.

An Advocate that pleaded for him, having gained his Cause, and saying to him, by way of reproach: Wherein hath Socrates done you Service? In making, replyed he, that all what you have said of me, was truth.

Thus one asking him to what end he would have his Son Study: To the end, said he, that being set in the Theater, it may not be a Stone upon a Stone. Or, one block upon ano­ther. Some body also telling him, that he could buy a Slave for the Sum [...] he asked to teach his Son: Buy one, said he, and then thou wilt have a couple.

He said, he took money of his Friends, not for the need he had of it; but to teach them thereby what use they were to make of it.

[Page 219]He was reproached for having given money [...]o a Lawyer to plead his cause: As I would do, [...]id he, to a Cook to dress me a dinner. Ob­serve that in former times the Parties pleade [...]t themselves.

Denis the Tyrant urging him to speak of somewhat at Table that did not please him [...] It belongs to those that know how to speak, to know when they ought to speak, said he. The rest is in the Lacedemonians.

Some who were Bragging of their rare Swim­ming; that is the Excellency of a Fish, said he. To teach them not to brag, but of things that de­ [...]ave it.

He being reproached, that Socrates took [...]o money of his Scholars, as himself did, [...]eplyed, The greatest of Athens are his Pur­teyors, and I have none but my serving­man.

Being told a Lady possess'd him: No, said [...] it is I possess her.

A Gynick asking him by way of reproach, who are those Miscreants that love perfumes? My self, said he, and the King of Persia; but he cursed their excess and wantonness that a­ [...]sed so precious a thing.

Being asked, how Socrates Dyed: As I [...]ould dye, said he.

His Servant being troubled with some mo­ney that he carryed: Throw away, said he, that which troubles thee. To teach us to ridd [...] selves of what we have too much of.

One time casting his money into the Sea, for fear of some Thieves who were on board [Page 220] with him: It is better my money should perish said he, then my self.

Denis the Tyrant wondering that he was come to see him: When I wanted wisdom said he, I applyed my self to Socrates; an [...] now that I want money, I address my self to those that have it. Or, I come to receive wh [...] I lack, and to give you what you need.

Having so we what to request of that Prince he cast himself down at his Feet, which som [...] admiring: It is, said he, because his Ears an [...] in those parts. To check his pride, who wou [...] have people prostrate themselves before him, to ob [...]tain what they desired.

A mean Fellow bemoaning him for that he had lost an Inheritance: I have yet three mo [...] left me, said he, and thou bemoanest me; an [...] thou, who hast not one thy self, doest n [...] bewail thy self at all.

A Braggado [...]io having had the better in dispute betwixt them, he said, the conquere [...] would repose himself more quietly that nigh [...] then the conquerer.

He wondered at those that examine an [...] consider every thing with great cane before they buy it; and yet make Friends witho [...] ever examining them be fore-hand.

To excuse himself for being disguised with Drink at a Debauch, On a day of rejoy­cing. he said, that nothin [...] could corrupt Vertue.

Having been siezed and carryed before man of quality, some asking him, whether [...] had confidence: When should I be confiden [...] said he, if not now, since I am to speak to [Page 221] Person who is able to understand me, and to now my worth? I have given it the fairest [...].

He said, that those that Studied particular [...]iences, and neglected Philosophy; were [...] Penelopes Woers, that made love to the [...]iting Woman, because they could not ob­ [...]in the Mistress.

So [...]rates asking from whence so much Rich­ [...], or Good came to him, He replyed: From [...]hence comes so much Evil to you? To let him [...]ow he might be wealthy if he would.

Somebody reproaching him that he neglect­ [...] his Son, who came from his body: So do I, [...]id he, those Excrements that fall from me: [...] his Son were a Rascal, he had reason; of not, [...] was one himself.

It being marvelled at, that he had taken [...]oney of a Prince, of whom Plato had on­ [...] taken a Book: It is because I have want [...] money; said he, and Plato of Learning.

He told the same Prince he was liberal without any danger, because he always proffer­ [...]d money to Plato, who would take none; whereas he proffered him none, that would [...]ye accepted it.

Having upon a time desired somewhat of [...] the Tyrant; that Prince answered him, that a wise man had need of nothing. Bestow [...]pon me, said he, what I crave, and then we [...] see how that is; and having obtained it: [...] is true, said he, that the wise man wants no­ [...]ing, when he hath all he can want. Wisdom is not hinder but one may want what is necessary [...]bse.

[Page 222]The same telling him that a man who com [...] to a Princes Court, becomes a Slave, wh [...] he was free before, which is a Verse in Euri [...]des. He is not a Slave, said he, if he betru [...] free.

Being at Variance with Aeschins: Ho [...] long, said he, shall we be such Sots, as to gru [...]ble at each other? The rest appertaines to A [...]chines, rather then him.

Having been cast ashore by a Tempest on desart Coast, and spying some Mathemati [...] Schemes upon the Land: Courage, said [...] I see some manks of men here. Note, [...] Barbarians, whom he treats as beasts, were [...] capable of those Sciences.

Antisthenes Antisthenes. said to such as reproached [...] being begot betwixt a free Person and a Slav [...] That a man might prove an excellent Wre [...]ler, tho he were not bogot by two Wrestle [...].

Being told, that the Wars did ridd them a great many Mi [...]erable poor people. But makes many more, then it ridds us of, sa [...] he.

He replyed to those that complained he [...] too severe to his Scholars: That a Physi [...]an was not commendable if too gentle toward his Patients.

To a Fellow, that had been like to be s [...]prized in the act of Adultery, he said, th [...] for a small matter he might have avoided th [...] great danger. By giving money for a Woman [...] those days a small matter was the hyre of Wench.

He said, that Flatterers were worse th [...] [Page 223] the Ravens, because those devour none but the Dead, but the others Fed upon nothing but the living.

He said, that it was a good Fortune, to dye [...] no want; But it is a greater to dye when one [...] unhappy.

To one that complained he had lost his Writings he said, He should have had them in [...]is Head.

He said, the way to Immortality, was to live well. One may add, and to dye well.

That envy consumed the envious, as rusts [...]ats the Iron.

That States were at the Brink of ruine, [...]hen the wicked could not be distinguished [...]rom the good. Or, when they were treated [...].

That Concord betwixt Brethren, was like [...] Wall of Brass.

That we should prize those Riches, which [...] themselves with us in a Shipwrack. Honesty, Wisdom, &c.

That one was Fair, or handsome, by Nature, [...] dextrons by Instruction.

That great pains was taken to cleanse Corn, but none to clean the heart.

Being asked what he had gained by Philo­ [...]ophizing? To be able to entertain my self, [...]aid he. Another replyed, to be able to do that [...]oluntarily, which others do by compulsion.

Some body calling out to him at a Feast, [...]ing, meaning to speak; Blow, replyed he, [...]aning he should give him the Subject to dis­ [...]ourse. This is a comparison borrowed from such [Page 224] Instruments, as require some Wind ere they can be play'd on. Erasmus interprets it otherwise.

He said, the most necessary of all the Sci­ences, was to unlearn Evil.

That one ought to manifest as much reso­lution in the suffering of injuries, as was shown in the enduring of Blows in a Battle. Thes [...] are warded off notwithstanding, as much as may be.

He compared Plato to a War-horse, and one day, after he had been well Purged, he said that now he had no ill humours remaining in him, but Vauity.

Observing such Persons made choice of to be Generals as understood nothing in War [...] He, asked, whether, if they should ordain that Asses should become Horses, they would prove so in Effect.

He said to those that loved Pleasures, So may my Enemies live. And wished rather to become a Fool, then Voluptuous. Because [...] Enervates the body and mind, whereas he place [...] felicity in Knowledge and Vertue.

One of his Scholars delaying to pay him [...] putting him off till the arrival of a Ship, h [...] led him to a Bakers, and taking a Loaf [...] This Fellow, said he, will pay thee, when hi [...] ship is arrived. To let him know, that hunger can give no credit, or deal upon trust, but must hav [...] ready money.

To Scoff at the Athenians for bragging because they were born in that Country; h [...] told them, that the Tortoises, and Snails migh [...] say as much.

[Page 225] Out of modesty he called his Scholars, the Disciples of Socrates. To shew that he had drawn his Doctrine from him, or at least to give the more Authority to his Doctrine.

Being reproached that he was a Phrygian: and so is the mother of the Gods too, said he.

He said, one must wish their Enemies all sorts of good, excepting courage. That they might not defend themselves.

That Nobility consisted in Virtue, and Vir­tue in Action.

That to be wise was sufficient to be happy: That all belonged to him: That nothing hap­ned to him new: That he obeyed not the Laws, but Reason. That being the Soul of Law.

That the wicked sought after power with­out probity; but that the one could not be without the other but to the ruin of humane kind.

That Virtue is an Inheritance that could not be lost.

That Enemies are more necessary then Friends, because they correct our errours, whereas the other flatter us. This agrees with another reprehension.

That there is nothing wonderful in the World but Vice.

Plato maintaining that a Prince ought to have no other aim, but the good of his Subjects: Denys the Tyrant told him, that his discourse smelt of the old Dotard: And thine, replyed he, of the Tyrant.

That Prince having Written to him, that [Page 226] he should speak no more ill of him, he said, he had not leasure to talk of him.

Reproving a Young man for some folly: Thou reprovest me, said he, for a small mat­ter; But Custom is no small matter, replyed Plato.

He advised those that were given to Drink, to View themselves in a Lookinglass, when they were Drunk. This hath some Analogy with the Lacedemonian Custom, to shew their Drunken Slaves to their Children, to make them abhor it.

He said, that Greatness was the companion of Solitude: Because the pride of great ones ren­ders them insupportable. Or, unsociable.

He loved not Idleness, and would have all leasure time employed in some useful thing.

He refused to give Laws to the Cyreneans, because they were too Voluptuous. Or, too much at their ease, which sort of people are hard to be Governed.

He said, one should measure his discourse according to the Capacity of the Auditors, and not to his own.

He blamed sorrowing for the Dead as use­less, and said, we know not whether good or evil hath betided them.

I trample upon Plato's pride, said Diogenes, treading upon one of his Rich Carpets: Yes, said Plato, but with greater Pride, Diogenes.

Diogenes one terrible Frosty Morning came into the Market-Place, and exposed himself naked, to shew his Tolerance. Many of the People came about him, pitying him: Plato observing it, and knowing he did it to be seen, [Page 227] said to the People as he went by; if you pitty him indeed let him alone to himself. To shew be did it to be admired.

Seeing one do an evil act: Am I like to that man, said he?

He would have one exercise the Body with the mind, as inseparable companions.

He said, his Reputation would serve him for a Monument, and that there could be none more magnificent.

A small Bird pursued by a Hawk, having flown into the Arms, or Bosome, of Xenocra­tes, Xenocrates. he sheltred it with his Cloak: Not to be­tray, said he, those that fly or have recourse to our protection.

He rejected a Scholar who would have come to hear him, before he had learned the Mathematicks, as not being [...]urnished, as he said, with the Key of Philosophy. The Mathe­maticks opens the Eyes of the understanding, and [...]rges it from all matter.

He refused Alexanders's Presents, and having treated his Ambassadors with his ordinary meal: You may see, said he, that I have no need of them; Because he was at no great ex­ [...]ence.

He said, one had often reason to repent for having spoken; but never for holding ones peace. And yet it might happen that for want of speaking a man might neglect, or forfeit his Duty, his Reputation, or his Fortune; but we must not examine an Apophthegme too soverely.

To avoid making any reply to the Scoffs of a Comedian, he said, That Tragedy never [Page 228] Vouchsafes to answer Comedy, when she ral­lies. He compares Philosophy to Tragedy, because of it's gravity.

Denys the Tyrant telling Plato, some body will take off thy Head: Not before this, said Xenocrates, pointing to his own. To shew he would defend him to the Death.

He said, one should not carry ones Eyes, nor hands into anothers House. The Greek saies, Feet.

That one should guard the Ears of Children with no less care, then the Athletes did their own. To speak nothing but what is good in their hearing. The Athletes Armed their Ears with somewhat, because a blow on the Temples is mor­tal.

He said, that Pride was the great Obstacle to Learning. Because having an Opinion of their own knowledge, they will learn no more.

Polemon Polemon. neglecting his words, to keep clos­er to his matter, faid, that those were derided who spake well, and did ill.

When Archelaus Archelaus. held with any opinion that was propounded to him: He would say, this is my own Sentiment, and if he were against it, he would say, that is not the Opinion of such a one, naming some-body, Out of Mo­desty, as unwilling directly to contradict another in his own Person.

Treating some Strangers, and finding there was no Bread, when they were sitting down to Table: How little, said he, does a Philoso­pher understand Feasting.

He said, that Poverty, like Vlysses his [Page 229] Country was Barren; yet the Nursery of brave Youth. Because we are corrupted through plenty.

That there were many diseased, where there were many Physicians, and many Vices, where there are multiplicity of Laws. Many the like Observations might be made, in other instances.

It being said, that from other Sects, they passed to that of Epicurus; but from the Epicureans to no others: That is, because of Cocks one may make Capons, said he, but of a Capon one can never make a Cock.

Having the Gout, Carneades would needs leave him alone to bemoan himself in quiet: Stay, said he, for what pain soever my Feet endure, it hath not invaded my heart. As much as to say, he was not concerned at it.

Bion Bion. said, that none had more care upon them, then those that would take no care. Be­cause their want of care made them become over­whelmed with business at last.

To dissuade from Marriage, he was wont to say, that an ill favoured one made the Heart ake, and a beautiful one, the Head. By reason of Iealousie.

Speaking of Riches, he said, that we ought not to value things bestowed by Chance, kept by Vice, and confounded or squandred away by Virtue. By the first is meant Fortune, the second Covetousness, the third Liberality.

He compared those in high Offices, to men walking on the Ice, who are ever in danger of falling.

He said, old Age was the Harbour of all [Page 230] Miseries. Either because all mischiefs flow into it: Or, because it brings Death that puts an end to all. Or, the safest harbour is the Grave.

That it was a great Misfortune, not to be able to undergo Misfortune.

That Fame was the Mother of Time. Be­cause it makes a man live, after he is dead.

That the way to Hell was very easie, since it is found out Blindfold. He meant the Grave.

He called Beauty, other Folks goods, Because one is not properly Beautiful to ones self, but to others.

He said, Money was the Sinews of business. It is said to be the Sinews of War, because it can­not be made without money.

That Impiety was the Enemy of Assurance. In Pythagoras, 'tis said, nothing is so fearful, as an ill Conscience: This relates to the same.

Being siezed on together with some Thieves, we are lost, cryed they, if they know us: And I, said he, if they do not know us. A good man hath as much interest to be known, as a Knave to be conceal'd.

Of a Covetous Wretch he said [...], he did not possess his Riches: But his Riches possess­ed him; and he made use of it, as if it were anothers, and yet took care, as if it were his own.

He said, that Prudence was the Eye of Vir­tue; and served for Valour in Old men, as Valour for Prudence in the Young. Because the first exempts old men from danger, and the se­cond brings the others out of it.

[Page 231]That one should Honor old Age, because every one would fain live to it. This is better expressed then one foregoing, therefore I have set down both.

That one should preserve Friends, however they proved, l [...]st our judgement be called in question, or for fear they be changed for worse. In the Greek it is, that it may not be thought we had ill ones, or that we have cut off good ones.

Of a Melancholly Envious Wretch he said, one cannot well guess whether any ill be hap­ned to him, or any good to others.

He would have one be assured they have profited in Vertues School, when they did any good thing, without regarding Praises or Re­proof.

Aristotle, Aristotle. said, that one gained nothing by lying, but the reputation of not being believ­ed, when one spake truth.

Giving an Alms to a wicked man, he said, that he did not give to the Person, but to Nature, whose infirmities requires relief. In the Greek it is, not to the manners, but to the man; however I find it in others as I have put it.

He said, the mind was Enlightned by learn­ing, as the Eye, by the Air that surrounds it.

That the Athenians had invented the Law, and Agriculture or Husbandry; but that they had quitted the one to exercise the other.

That the Roots of Sciences were bitter, but the Fruits were sweet.

That nothing grew old so soon as a good turn.

[Page 232]That he was Socrates's Friend, and a Friend to Plato; but much more to the truth.

That to be Learned, there were three things requisite; the Genius or Nature, Study, or Ex­ercise.

That Beauty was a great letter of recom­mendation: Others have called it, the gift of Heaven: A Royalty without Guards: A short Tyranny: A precious evil: A pleasing Deceit, &c.

That Knowledge differed from Ignorance; as life from death, and that study was an Or­nament in good Fortunes, aud a help in bad, and a great Treasure for old Age. I have removed it hither from another place below!

That Friendship was like the Soul of two Bodies.

That some lived, as if they had but a short while to live; and others, as if they were never to dye: The Prodigal, and the Cove­tous.

That the question, wherefore one delights to look on a Beautiful Person, was the questi­on of the Blind.

That Philosophy had taught him to do those things Voluntarily, which others did by Com­pulsion.

That the way to make a Progress in the Sciences, And in vir­tue. is to cast our Eyes on tho [...]e that out-run us, not on those that Lagg after us.

That we should Govern our selves towards our Friends, as we would have them behave themselves towards us.

That one should, neither blame, nor praise, [Page 233] for the one seemed folly, the other presump­tion.

That one not ought so much to look on the head of lustful pleasure, as the tayl, Because of the mischiefs that follow.

That to go about to prove things which are evident in themselves, is to light the Sun with a Candle.

That Envy is the Attendant on Fortune.

That we ought not to regard from what place we came, but what place we were worthy of; and that dignity did not consist in Posses­sing of honors, but deserving them.

He called hope, the dream of a waking man.

Hearing some body abused him in words when he was absent; let him beat me too, said he, if he please, when I am not near him.

One day, he cryed ont: Ha my Friends, there are no Friends! As much as to say, Friend­ship is but a meer name in respect of what Philosophers would have it to be.

Diogenes Diogenes. importuning Antisthenes that he might be his Scholar; Antisthenes lifted up his staff to strike him: Strike, said he, provid­ed you will teach me.

He lived in a Tun, under the Portico of a Temple, and said, that no Palace was more mag­nificent, and that what was every mans, was no mans.

Seeing Plato eating Olives at a Feast: To eat of those, said he, one need not have gone into Sicilia. Because they were common in A­thens, and a man that could be satisfyed with lit­tle, [Page 234] and had no need of making Courtship to great men.

He was asked where he had ever seen any brave men: No where, replyed he; but [...] have seen brave Children in Lacedemonia. Be­cause that was a School of Vertue.

He ever praised those who said they would Marry, yet never Married; that they would go to Sea, yet never sailed; that they would manage Affairs, yet never undertook them. And derided those Grammarians, who found out Ulysses his Errours, and neglected their own: Those Musicians that put their Instruments in Tune; and left their passion in discord: Those Astrologers, that lift their Eyes always up to Heaven, and do not see, or know, what is at their Feet: Those Orators that Study to speak well, and not to do well: Those cove­tous Wretches that take care to get Wealth and not to make use on't: Those Philosophers, that Praise the contempt of Greatness, and yet court the Great ones; and those that often Sacri­fice for their health, and sur [...]eit themselves with Eating at those Sacrificings [...]

No body giving Ear to him while he di­scoursed of Virtue, he fell a Singing, and e­very one Crowding to hear him; Great Gods, said he, how much more is Folly loved, then Wisdom.

He admired that Servants could stand waiting so long behind their Master at a Feast, and not Snatch away the Meat. Because peo­ple talk a long while after they have filled their Bellies, while the Servant is almost Starved.

[Page 235]When they were selling him; being a Cap­ [...]ive: He cryed out, who will Purchase a Ma­ [...]ter? And told those, who inquired what he could do, That he could command, and him that bought him, that he resolved to obey him, [...] great Persons did their Physician while they were Sick; adding that he that led a Lyon, [...]as properly his Slave, and not his Master,

He wondred that one would sill a Kettle with Water before they would buy it; and [...]et would buy a man before they had tryed [...]im. Or, a Tub with Water, &c.

He said, he always set things a note higher, [...]imitation of Mustek Masters, that the Scho­ [...]s might indeavour to raise themselves to as [...]igh a Pitch as they could proportionably. As [...]opkeepers ask more then they will sell for.

He said, that all things absolutely necessa­ [...]y for life were cheap, and Super [...]luous things [...]o [...]t very dear. As for Example a Loaf of [...]ead a Penny, and a Statue, or a Jewel a vast [...]rice. This is much like what Socrates s [...]id, [...] nothing was dear but unnecessary things.

He said every thing belongs to the Wise­ [...]an, because every thing [...] belongs to the [...]ods, and amongst Friends all was common. [...]he Wise ma [...]tbeing, Gods Friend.

Observing one Drink out of his hand, he [...]rely away his Cup as a needless thing.

He said, that to live well, one must oppose [...]ature to Law; Reason to passion; and Vir­ [...]e, or resolution, to Fortune.

Alexander asking him upon a Visit he made, [...]ether he would have any thing, he told [Page 236] him, he was Richer then himself: Because he wanted nothing, whereas Alexander not satis­fyed with his Fathers Kingdom, was going to invade Asia. He therefore desired only, tha [...] he would stand a little, aside that the Su [...] might come to him. Or, that he would no [...] keep his Sun from him, and leave him in the Shade [...]

One pretending to prove by a Sophistica [...] argument that he had Horns upon his Head [...] he made him seel his Forehead: And anothe [...] denying Local motion, he only rose up and walked, to oppose the experience of sence to the uncertainty of Reasoning: Out of th [...] same Principle, an Astrologer discoursing t [...] him, about the Heavens, and their Constella [...]tions, he asked him; how long is it, since yo [...] came from thence?

The Athenians trying to persuade him, to b [...] initiated into their Mysteries, that he mig [...] be one of the first in the next World: It woul [...] be Scandalous, said he, that Agesilaus and [...]paminondas, who were never initiated, shoul [...] stand amongst the Crowd, whilst a compan [...] of Rascals should preside over them [...]

Plato having defined man, to be a two-Leg [...] Animal without Feathers, he Plumed a Co [...] quite bare, and turning it into Plato's Schoo [...] said, behold Plato's mau [...]

Being asked, when one should eat; If the [...] be provision, when one pleases; if not, whe [...] one can. He might have said, when hunger oa [...] as we drink when we are Thirsty, for our natur [...] necessities are determined in themselves.

He called Orators Slaves to the people, a [...] [Page 237] [...]he Crowns of the Athletes the Swellings of Honor. Or Excrescences.

To those that asked him, wherefore he car­ [...]yed about with him a Lanthorn at Noon day, [...] replyed, I seek a man.

Observing one who was Superstitiously [...]hing himself, to cleanse him from Sin: O [...]ool, said he, doest thou believe that Water [...]o [...]e, which cannot so much as get the Spots [...]ct of thy Cloaths, can purify thy Soul? In the [...]k it is somewhat otherwise.

In derision of mens wishes, he said, that [...]ey make wishes for idle things; not under­ [...]ding what is best for them. Or, for falsè [...]sures, not minding true ones.

To those that were terrify'd with Dreams, [...] said, they should not be troubled at what [...]y did Sleeping, but what they did waking. [...] not being sinful, when we have not the use of [...]son.

At the Battle of Cheroned Philip who had [...]en him, crying out, he is a spy! Yes, said [...] of thy Ambition and Vanity.

Alexander having sent a letter to Antipater [...] the Athenians, by one named the Miserable: [...] one Miserable, said he, that carry's a [...]er from a Miserable to a Miserable, for [...] Miserable. He esteenied all men unhappy, [...] the wise; and therefore he named man three [...], when he would name unhappyness three [...].

[...]ndiccas having threatned him with Death, [...]a [...]e he would not come to him, he said, the [...]est venemous Creature could do as much, [...] would not go.

[Page 238]He said, that Felicity was exposed to th [...] sight of all the World, and yet was rare [...] found, because other things were mistaken f [...] it. Pleasures, greatness, Riches.

To a man that made his Servant put on [...] Shoes, he said, you want nothing to be ha [...] py, but to lose both your hands, that yo [...] man may blow your Nose for you.

Observing those that kept the Publick Tre [...] sury, were sending away a Thief to Execu [...] on, he said, the great Theives are goi [...] to hang a little one.

A Young Rogue throwing Stones at [...] Gallows; courage, said he, it will be t [...] own. Or thou wilt hit it, at last.

Of a silly Fellow, that wore a Lyons sk [...] like Hercules, he said, he dishonoured the [...] very of Virtue.

Calisthenes being thought happy, beca [...] he eat at Alexander's Table: 'Tis in th [...] esteem him unhappy, said he, because he [...] wait anothers mans appetite.

When he took money of any Friend, would say, he took but what was his o [...] because amongst Friends every thing is in c [...] mon.

One valuing himself because he could play [...] at an unlawful Game: Thy Praises, said he, t [...] to thy shame, because the better thou pla [...] the more guilty art thou. Or, the bette [...] worse at villainous sports.

He called an ignorant Rich man, a Go [...] Ass: And told a little spruce Fellow, complained he was quite tyred with busi [...] [Page 239] that he acted the Woman in every thing.

Observing that some People had fixed their Eyes upon a beauteous person, he began to do some Exrravagances; and every one then looking towards him; I thought you had not been at leasure to observe me, said he.

A Credulous Person threatning him, he said, he would make him tremble by only placing himself at his left hand. Because that was held ominous, against those Superstitious credu­lous Fopps.

To one that sought for Books: When you want Fruit, said he, do you buy painted ones? As much as to say, he spent his time about the superficies, and did not come to action, or he was for notional, not for practical knowledge.

He said, he had that obligation to his Ban­ishment, it had made him an honest man.

Some body saying, his Citizens had Ban­ished him, from their City: And, I, said he, condemn them to remain there.

He was wont to hold forth his hand to a Statue, to accustom himself, said he, to be denyed.

To a Tyrant, who was inquiring of what Brass he should make use for his own Statue; he said, take that of Harmodius, and Aristogi­ [...]n, both Tyrannicides.

He said, that Tyrants used their Friends, as men do bags, which are hanged up when full, and left in a corner when empty.

Looking on a new Marry'd mans house, where over the door was written, let no evil enter here, he said, this is to send for the [Page 240] Doctor when the Patient is dead. Because he believed Woman to be the greatest evil in Na­ture.

He called a craving Covetousness, the Me­tropolitan of all Vices.

Observing a Prodigal, that had nothing but [...] Olives to Supper: If thou hadst always dined thus, said he, then mighst have Supped bet­ter.

He called Love the Idle-mans past-time, Or business.

He said, that good people were the Images of the Gods.

Being asked, what was the most miserable thing in the World, Want in old Age, said he [...] Or, old Age without assistance.

He called Flattery a Sweet Poyson; and a [...] Drunkards belly, an Abyss.

Some body asking him, who should bury him, when he was dead, because he had no [...] Servant to do that Office: He that wants the Place, where my body shall then Iye on, said he.

To a Young man that asked when he should Marry, he said, It was too soon; and to an old [...] It was too late.

He told a Lady that loved Fine Cloaths too well, that it was to no purpose to Trick herself up so for her husband, and a sin to do it for her Gallant.

He called Modesty, or a blush, Vertues Dye, or Live [...]y.

Being asked what Bread was best, anothe [...] man's, said he. Whether we fancy other people' [Page 241] things above our own, or because variety delights.

One telling him, that other Folks Scoffed at him, he replyed, and I at them. The Greek is, I cannot be Scoffed.

He said, to one that blamed life: That is not to be blamed, but Vice.

He said of the Sciences, they were left off, as people do hunting, because it is too much Toyl and Labour. Or, too hard to attain them.

That the wise man would eat of all things, even the most delicious Food. And therefore, a Philosopher of his Sect, reproved because he eat boney, said, doest thou believe this was made for Fools?

He said, that such as were Rich, would soon­er give to a Begger, then to a Philosopher; because they might sooner come to be Beggers, then Philosophers.

Being reproached, The Greek saies, coyned false Money. that he had formerly done ill things: That is because I have been like you, said he, but you will never be like me.

A Lord intreating him to come and see him, he said, he would rather eat Bread at home, then be Feasted at anothers mans Table.

Being reproached for eating in the Street: It is because I am hungry in the Street, ans­wered he.

Observing a comely Person that had for­saken his Debaucheries, to follow his Studies: Courage, said he, thou wilt lead men from the love of the Body, to that of the Soul.

Contemplating the Offerings of such as had [Page 242] escaped Ship-wrack: There would be many more, said he, if the Offerings of all those were here, that made Vows and Prayers in stormy weather, and yet perish'd in the Sea.

He said, to a handsome Youth that was go­ing to a Feast, Thou wilt come back the worse.

Returning from Lacedemonia to Athens, he said, he went from the mens apartment, to the Womens. In Greece they were di­stinct.

Being come back from the Olympick Games, he said, he came from beholding a great ma­ny people and few men.

He compared the things that belonged to Prodigals, to fruits that grow on a Precipice, which none ever tasts of, but the Ravens. Flatterers.

Upon the Offering that Phryne bestowed on the Temple of Diana, he wrote. Of the in­continency of the Greeks. She was a Famous Curtezan, who had gotten great Wealth.

Alexander saying to him, I am Alexander the Great: And I, said he, Diogenes the Cynick, and gave a pleasant Reason of his name: Because like Dogs, he Fawned upon those that fed him, and Barked at such as would bestow nothing.

Eating some Fruit from a Tree whereon one had hanged himself, he said, this way I will purify it.

Some body Praising a man for a Present he had made to Diogenes: It is me, you ought to praise, said he, for being worthy of it.

[Page 243]Being asked what Country-man he was, he re­plyed, of all Countries, or, a Citizen of the World; and said, he had gained this advan­tage by Philosophising, to be able to Act any part; and be prepared against all the Accidents of Fortune.

To one that Sacrificed that he might have a Son: add, said he, that it may be a good one.

He called Beautiful Women, Queens, or the Mistrisses of Kings, because they make them­selves to be obey'd.

The Athenians having ordained that Alex­ander should be called Bacchus; and I, said he, Serapis; to Scoff at them, because the name Signifies the Nature, which cannot be al­tered.

Being reproached that he frequented Lewd Places; as the Sun shines on the Dunghil, said he, without soiling it's Beams.

He was twitted that he pretended to be a Philosopher, and knew nothing: I am the greater Philosopher, said he, for Philosophy consists in making doubts of all things.

One recommending his Son to him, telling him he was well Born, aud well Bred: If so, replyed he, what need hath he of me? That being the end of all Study.

He compared those that said well, and did ill, to those Musical Instruments, who un­derstand not the harmony that is plaid upon them. Or, themselves make.

Going one day into the Theater, when eve­ry body else was coming out, he told those [Page 244] that wondered at it, that it was to use him­self to do quite contrary to the rest of the World.

To an Effeminate Fellow, he said, Nature had made him a man, and he made himself a Woman.

He said, to a Fool that tuned a Lyra well, why doest not thou endeavour to put thy Soul in Tune, as well as thy Instrument?

One saying, I am not fit for Philosophy: Why doest thou not dye then, replyed he, if thou canst not live?

A Proud man despising his own Father: Wherefore, if thou art any thing, doest thou despise the Author of thy being?

Being reproached that he eat at a Tavern: As I go to a Barbers to be Shaved, said he.

To one that accused him for taking some­thing of a Prince, he said, One must not refuse the Presents of the Gods. Which is a Verse in Homer.

He said to an old man that was Courting a Young Girl: Art not thou afraid to be taken at thy word? Or, why doest thou court her for a thing, which would be better for thee not to ob­tain? The Greek speaks in general, but it is bet­ter of an old man.

To a Young perfumed Gallant, he said, take heed the Perfume does not corrupt thy Brain. Or, the perfuming thy Body, corrupt thy Soul.

He said, the wicked obey their Passions, as Slaves do their Masters.

[Page 245]Observing an unskilful Archer, he set him­self just at the Butt, or mark, at which some wondering: It is because he is never like to hit it, said he. Or, that he will sooner hit me any where else, then here.

A good Prince telling him, thou doest not fear me: A good Prince, said he, is not to be feared.

He said, that Liberty was the greatest of all goods, and the Foundation of all o­thers.

That when he considered Philosophy, the Politicks, and Physick, he took man to be the wisest of all Creatures; but on the other side observing the Diviners, Astrologers, and Interpreters of Dreams he thought him the most Foolish, Or, ridiculous.

He admired People fortifyed the Body by Exercises, and did not fortify the Soul with Vertues; and said, the true Paralyticks were not those that had that distemper in their Bo­dies, but their Minds.

Some body having spit in his Face, he made a full stop, and one saying to him. Thou art in wroth Diogenes; no, replyed he, but I am considering whether I ought to be so, or not.

One very diseased, having wished him a good day: There is no such thing for thee, said he, whilst thou sufferest so much pain and trouble thy whole life long. Or, in the miserable condition of thy life.

He said, that what was not evil in it self, could not be made evil by any Circumstance [Page 246] whatever: And therefore he eat, drank, and did all the necessities of Nature, in the Face of all the World. His Principle was false, for Circumstances change the Nature of moral actions, and turn a Virtue into Vice.

That there was no Government without Laws, nor Laws without a Government.

That Nobility, Riches, and other the like things, ought to be Banished from amongst hu­man kind, which serve only for a Cloak to Kna­very and Crimes. As Encouragements to commit them more boldly, and frequently.

That the way to hate a Courtesan, is to see her in private.

That Poverty is the Mother of Sobriety, Temperance, and many other Virtues; and that none were punished for being poor, but for being wicked.

That to happy People, life was Sweet and Death dreadful; but to a Tyrant, both the one and the other was insupportable.

That hope was the last thing that dyed in man.

That Poverty is a silent teacher. Which teaches virtue without a word speaking.

That the way to be Revenged of ones Enemies, and to make Envy burst, is to live in such manner, that none can blame our Actions. He added, that to live well one must have either very faithful Friends. or very severe Enemies. Because the first counsel us, and the other keep us ever upon our Guard.

Of a wicked Rascal that spoke ill of him, he said, that it signifyed nothing: For as I [Page 247] should not be believed, if I spoke well of thee, so wilt thou not be believed in speaking ill of me.

Observing a Scholar very Debauched, he said, his Master ought to be whipped.

He compared Grandees to a Fire, which we must not approach too near, nor stand too far off from.

He forbad any to bury him, and being told, the Dogs would devour him: Let them, said lie, set my Staff by me; But you will have no feeling, replyed they: no, matter if they de­vour me then, said he.

Being quite stupifyed at his Death, he said, that the two Brothers were going to Embrace each other, meaning Sleep and Death.

Some body telling Stilpon, Stilpon. that his Daugh­ter was his dishonor: As I am her Glory, re­plyed he. To teach us that failings are per­sonal.

Demetrius having taken his City: And ask­ing for an Inventory of all that he had lost: I have lost nothing at all, said he, of what was truly my own. He meant his knowledge and virtue, the rest being Fortunes.

He said, to Crates, who asked him whether the Gods delighted in the Prayers and Vows of men: Why doest not thou ask me that in Private? It being not safe to give our opinions of Religion openly. Himself having been called to an account for saying, that the Minerva made by Phydias was not God. And had not saved him­self, but by affirming, That a Goddess was not a God, upon which occasion a Libertine inquir­ed [Page 248] pleasantly enough, whether he had searched under her Petticoats to discover if she were Male or Female, as if what is related of the Gods were great uncertainties.

Every body running after him at Athens, one told him, they run after thee, as after an Elephant: No, said he, but as after a man. To hint that nothing was more rare, and that most have but the shape only.

Antigonus sending to know of Menedemes, Menedemes. whether he would meet at a Debauch: Re­member, said he, that thou art Born Son of a King. That he might do nothing unworthy his quality.

Some body asking him, whether a Wise man ought to Marry: It is not so mannerly, replyed he, to put that question to a man that is Married as I am. Because it makes a doubt whether he be wise.

Another saying, it is a great happiness to have what one desires: 'Tis a much greater, said he, to desire nothing but what one hath. The Greek is, what one should have.

To one that spake not well of Prognosti­cators he said, he spoke ill of the Dead, the credit of that Foolish People having lyen dead a long time.

One that was unfit for study, coming to him to be instructed: Return home again, said he, for fear of learning nothing, but losing rather what thou knowest already. The Greek is a little otherwise.

Theophrastes Theophrastes. said, of an Orator without judgement; that he was a Horse without a Bridle.

[Page 249]Observing one that was silent: If thou art an able man, said he, thou art to blame; if not, thou art an able man.

He said, that there was nothing so precious, or dear, as Time, and those that lost it, were the greatest of all Prodigals.

Crates Crates the Theban. made a simily of the Pomegranat, which ever hath some Kernels that are Perished: to demonstrate that in the bravest and best Actions, there are some Failings.

Demetrius Phalerius sending him some Wine he grew very angry, as if Water were no [...] sufficient, and said, he could wish that Bread were as common as Water.

Some Scoffing at his shape, because he was of an ill Figure: Courage, said he, Crates, thou shalt soon find those that Laugh at thee, Envy thy condition, and begin to loath their own.

He said, one ought to Philosophise till they did not wonder at any thing. The Greek saies, till one took a General of an Army, for an Ass­driver.

He added, that such as have none but Flat­terers for their Friends, are exposed more [...]gly in dangers, then a Lamb amongst Wolves, Because they keep them company only to devour them.

A Prince proffering to rebuild his Patri­mony, Some other will perhaps come and de­molish it again, said he.

And added, that his, indeed, was only Po­verty, and the contempt of Honor, over which fortune hath no Power; and that the Disci­ples [Page 250] of Diogenes, like himself, were not ex­posed to envy.

He said, that Fasting, or Time, were Re­medies against Love, or, if these did not cure, then Death.

That Philosophy had taught him, to live with little, not fruitlesly troubling himself, and Laughed at those Grandees, who wast a great deal in Superfluities, and bestow but lit­tle in necessaries: And therefore he left or­der at his Death, that his Goods should be distributed amongst the Poor, in case his Chil­dren were addicted to Philosophy, as having no need of it if so enclined.

Metrocles ashamed to appear, because, he had let an escape in good company, he went to visit him, after he had filled his own Belly with Lupins, Pease flat and bitter. which work the same effect as Tur­nips, and proved to him, both by his own Example and Precepts, that it was no shame or fault.

The Sister of Metrocles being very desirous to Marry him, he threw off his Cloak, to let her see lie was Bunch-back'd, and shewing his Staff, and his Knap-Sack: Behold, said he, all the Matrimonial Furniture, or, Joynture; and finding her persist still in her resolutions notwithstanding all his Objections, he Mar­ry'd her.

Zenon Zenon. having consulted the Oracle to know what manner of life he should lead, it was answered him, that he should take upon him the complexion of the dead; which he inter­preted to be Study, because of the Paleness of most great Scholars.

[Page 251]His Vessel laden with Purple, being bro­ [...]en to pieces by Storms at the Port of Athens, [...]eturned Philosopher, and said, that he had [...]ot so much suffered by his Shipwrack in that [...]rt, as he had found a safe Port by his Sipwrack.

A Young man asking him some unhandsome [...]ings, he showed him a Looking-glass, to [...]ew whether that were becoming his Age. [...]cause Bashfulness is the best complexion for [...]th.

Some body telling him that he did not like [...]i [...]thenes, he asked, Whether he could re­ [...]t any remarkable good Sentence out of his [...]ritings? No replyed the other. Then, said he, [...] are an unjust judge not to remember the [...]od, as well as the bad in him. But tis or­ [...]uryin men, to take more notice of the defects, [...] of the perfections of an Author.

Another saying, that the discourse of a [...]losopher ought to be short; and his Sylla­ [...]es too, if possible, said he.

To a man that talked too much, he said, [...]at his Ears were turned into Tongue; and [...]ded, that Nature had bestowed two [...] for one Tongue, to teach us that we [...]old hear twice more then we spake.

He said, that if a Wise man ought not to [...]re, as some would maintain, then nothing [...]old be more miserable then beautiful Wo­ [...]; that should be Loved only by Fools.

That the Wisest were not Wise in all things [...]other said, at all times; and that the Wise, [...]re ignorant in the most vulgar things.

[Page 252]That one part of knowledge consisted i [...] the being ignorant of such things, as ought no [...] to be known.

He had always in his mouth, that sayin [...] of one of the Ancients, Or, talked Bigg. who striking one [...] his Scholars that played the Huffe, told him [...] that virtue did not consist in greatness, bu [...] greatness in virtue. In like mauner, said h [...] there is nothing more unbecoming then Prid [...] especially in Youth, and censured a You [...] man that talked too haughtily, there bei [...] nothing that Sutes so well with green Year [...] as modesty, As well in Speech, as Habit, Ga [...] and Countenance.

He said, a true Friend, was another se [...]

He compared those that speak well, an [...] yet Acted no better then others, to the Co [...] of Alexandria, which was fair to look on, b [...] of no more value then other money.

Against Publick Acclamations, he sai [...] that an Auditor ought to be so far transport [...] with a curious discourse, as to leave him [...] time, Or, to make one forget to clap his hands.

A Scholar finding fault that he did not c [...]rect him; it is, replyed he, because I disp [...] of your Learning.

He said, that a small matter gave the p [...]fection to a piece of Work, tho that perfecti [...] were no small matter.

His Servant, crying out, while he was be [...] nig him for Pilfering: I was predestinat [...] to Steal, and to be beaten too, said [...]

Observing a Fellow who belonged to Friend of his, all bruised with beating: If [...] [Page 253] said he to that Friend, the marks of thy Fury.

A Young perfumed Gallant being in com­ [...]any where he was; who is it that smells of the Woman here, said he? For that perfums [...] not so becoming to men.

Interrogated how he Governed himself in [...]ase of injuries: Like those, replyed he, that [...]end back an Ambassador without an answer. As [...]she said, without any Resentment.

Crates pulling him away from Stilpon by the Cloak, he told him, It was by the Ears one should [...]raw a Philosopher away. Or, by Reason and Persuasion.

Some Ambassadors from a Prince, having [...]reated him, and admiring he spake never a [...]ord; they asked him afterwards, what they [...]ould tell their Prince of him: Tell him, [...]eplyed he, that you have seen an old man, [...]at could hold his Tongue at a Feast. As a [...]ing difficult enough

A Disciple of Cleanthes Cleanthes. asking his Master, [...]herefore he drew Water; he told him, draw, I Drink, I Water my Garden, &c. [...] do every thing to gain virtue, Or, to be­ [...]e Wise.

He endured the Raillery, or Scoffs of his [...]onarades, and when they called him Ass, he [...]old them, he wore only the Trappings of [...]. Such he called his Doctrine.

To those that reproached him for his Time­ [...]osness, he replyed, it was that which kept [...] from running into wickedness. Or, [...] failing.

[Page 254]He preferred Poverty to Riches, and the [...] Labours of Husbandry to other Exercises.

Some body overhearing him chiding him­self, said, whom do you talk to? To a man [...] replyed he, that is not Wise in his Gray-hairs Or, that wants Wit, in old Age.

It being said, that Arcesilas Banished all vir­tue by his discourse: He Establishes it, said he by his Works. Whereupon Arcesilas hinting that he did not love Flattery: It is true, sai [...] he, that it were a lye to say, that Arcesila [...] said one thing, and did the other.

Being asked what precept he would giv [...] his Son, he repeated that saying of Electra Peace, Peace, March slowly, Intimating Silenc [...] and Moderation.

A Lacedemonian saying, that Labour wa [...] a good thing; he told him, he came of good Race. From Hercules whose Labours wer [...] extoll'd.

Imagining a Young man to whom he talke [...] did not hear him, he asked him, doest tho [...] hear me? And he replying, Yes: Wherefor [...] do not I preceive it my self, said he. To sho [...] that we must give some token of our attention,

A Poet saying one day in the Public [...] Theater, Those that are hurried with the fury Cleanthes. He replyed nothing, for whi [...] the People applauding him, obliged the P [...]et to crave his Pardon; but he said, th [...] Hercules and Bacchus could endure well enoug [...] to be affronted every day in the open [...] The [...]ter.

He said to a man that was talking to him­self; [Page 255] that he should have a care he did not converse with a wicked Person. Or, thou dost not talk, &c.

Some Scoffing at his old Age: It is true, said he, I ought to have departed long since; but finding my self healthy and vigorous, I stay yet.

He took Sneezing for a Mark of too much tenderness.

Having Fasted some days to cure a distem­per; he said, since he must dye once, and was now so forward on his way, he would go thorough. And so refusing to eat, tho his di­stemper were quite gone, he dyed.

Chrysipes Chrysipes. being reproached, that he did not do like other men, replyed, if I had done like others, I should not have been where I am. A great Philosopher.

Some body enquiring of him, for a Master for his Son, he named himself, at which the other admiring: If I had known, said he, any one more able then my self, I would have named him. And indeed, it was said, that if there were no Chrysipes, there would be no Stoick.

Zenon being discovered of a Conspiracy against a Tyrant; and being put on the Wrack and examined, Zenon, Elea [...]s. accused, or named, all the Tyrants Friends, and after they were all put to Death, the Tyrant asking him, if there were any other: No, said he, there are none but thy self, that hast deserved to dye.

He called Instrumental musick, a consort of Nerves, or rational Guts.

He said, one might know by their Dreams, [Page 256] whether one had made a Progress in vir­tue.

Crantor Crantor. inꝰ his afflictions, often repeated this Verse of Euripides: Alas! Wherefore alas, nothing is befallen us, but what is humane? As much, as to say; that man is born to suf­fer.

Carneades Carneades. said, that great men Learned no­thing perfectly but to mount on Horse-back, because Horses do not Flatter them.

Metrocles Metrocles. caused all his Writings to be Burnt before he dyed, as Whimsies that deserved not to be brought to light.

He said, that Knowledge, or Sciences, were acquired by time, other things by money.

Xenophanes, Xenophanes. said, one must either not keep com­pany with great men, or else comply with their humours.

Anaxarques Anaxarques said, that Justice was Painted standing by Iupiter's side, to shew that all the Actions of Kings were just. Or, rather those of the Deity.

While they were Braying him to Death in a Mortar; he told them, that it was not Anax­arque they were Braying, but only his out­ward case, and spit out his Tongue in the Tyrants Face, when he threatned to cut it out.

Pyrrho Pyrrho. envied the Felicity of a Hog, which eat during the Tempest, and said, that a Wise man ought to attain to that Intrepidity. Or fearlesness.

Defending himself one day against a Dog, [Page 257] he said, it was very difficult to forget the man. Tho he believed every thing indifferent. Or, thought nothing certain.

Demetrius Demetrius. having received a great disgrace, if I had known, said he, this had been the will of the Gods, I would have prevented them.

The Emperour having offered him two hundred Talents: You should not have made two biddings to tempt me, said he, you should have profer'd your Empire.

Demonax Demonax. said, of such as neglected their minds, to take care of their Bodies, that they furnished their House, but never minded the Master.

He added, that men puzled their Brains to know how the World was made, and never troubled their Heads to understaud how they were made themselves, which is a much more useful point of knowledge.

He told the Athenians, who were about to set up the Combats of Gladiators, that they ought first to pull down the Altar of Mercy.

He said to a Sophister, who asked him, wherefore doest thou speak ill of me? Be­cause thou art concerned at it. The only means to put Calumny to silence, is to be unconcerned at it. Or, despise it.

One asking him upon what consideration he had taken up Philosophy: upon my being a man, replyed he.

He said, if Divinators could change the or­der of the Fates, one could not give them too much; if not, one could not give them too little. Either credit, respect, or reward.

[Page 258]That Laws were useless, because there was no need of them for good men, and the bad were not [...]made the better by them. They are not really the better; but are forced to appear so, or counterfeit.

That Friends did more Mischief then Ene­mies, because one suspected them not.

Epictetes Epictetes. said, that before we put any thing into a Pot, it ought to be washed, for fear of spoiling, or losing all, To shew we must correct our faults before we undertake the Sciences. He comprised all Morality in these two words, Sustain and Abstain; that is to say Strength and Temperance. There is a particular Trea­tise of his other Sentiments.

APOPHTHEGMES OF Diverse Persons.

DEmades the Orator, Divers Persons. after the Death of Alexander, compared his Army to Polyphemus, who was Blind.

Dining one Day with Phocion, who fed ve­ry coursly: how can a man, said he, that is satisfyed with so little, medle with Publick affairs? Or, trouble himself with the Govern­ment.

To a Prince, who did some Actions unwor­thy of his Dignity, he said, that Fortune had made him a Prince, and he had made himself a Sordid Fellow.

Antigonus observing a brave Soldier, whom he had caused to be cured of a long Sickness, to be less daring afterwards, aud demanding the Reason of it. It is your self, replyed he, that are the cause of it, by having cured me of that distemper which made me hate my life.

[Page 260] Alexander reproaching a Pirate for his thefts I am a Pirate, said he, because I have but on [...] single Ship: For if I had a good Fleet, should be a Conquerour.

Sulpitius Gallus, having repudiated hi [...] Wife, who had walked abroad unveiled said in his own excuse, that a Woman of repu­tation ought to be known by none but he [...] Husband.

Some body having heard that Musick ani­mated Alexander to Fight; A particular sort of Musi [...]k. It would have been much better for mankind, said he, if it ha [...] dispirited him, Or, cooled his courage.

Themistocles having demanded money o [...] those of Andros in the name of two great Gods, Power and Justice, they excused them­selves in the name of two greater, Poverty and Impossibility.

The Athenians being assembled to Banis [...] one of their Citizens according to their Ostracisme; a poor man, not knowing Ari­stides, desires of him to write the name o [...] Aristides down for him, and Aristides inquir­ing of him the Reason: Because I am vext said he, to hear him called the Just. The pride of that surname displeased him, tho he ha [...] deserved it.

A Carthaginian not daring to go to the Ro­mans, because some treacherous thing had been done to one of their Magistrates; Fear not, said the Consuls, the Roman Generosity se­cures thee from all dangers. Or Treache­ry.

Those of Numantia chiding their Youngmen [Page 261] for Flying upon the approach, of Scipio, when they had so often beaten the Romans: This is the same Flock, indeed, said they; but it is not the same Shipherd.

The Poet Simonides, called Poetry a speak­ing Picture, and Painting, silent Poetry.

Being asked, whether was better to be Rich, or to be wise: There would be no difficulty in determining this question, replyed he, if we did not so often find the Wise-men, at the Rich mens Doors.

Pausanias intreating him to give him some good Counsel; Remember, said he, that thou art man. His Ambition ruining him.

He told such as reproved him for Cove­tousness, that he would rather leave some­thing to his kindred, then Beg any thing of his Friends.

He said, the Thessalians were too dull to be cheated by a cunning man.

Hieron asking him, what opinion he had of the Gods: The more I think on't, said he, the more difficulties I find about it.

An Ambassador from the Athenians speak­ing a little boldly to Philip of Macedon; and that Prince threatning to take away his life: My Country, said he, will give me ano­ther that shall be immortal.

One of the Ancients said, that he who had got a good Husband for his Daughter, had gained a Son; and he that met with a bad one, had lost a Daughter.

Isocrates used to say of two of his Scholars, that the one wanted a Bridle, the other a [Page 262] Spur: And that himself was like a Whet­stone to [...] sharpen Knives, which does not cut it self, tho it gives other things an Edge. Because he had made the greatest Orators, yet durst not speak in publick.

To a Young man that loved to Work, he said, that he heaped up a Treasure for old Age.

A Talkative Fellow willing to Learn of him he asked him double his usual Price: Because, said he, I must both teach him to speak, and to hold his Tongue.

A man of much Discourse Braging at Table [...] if thou understoodest much, said he, thou [...] wouldest talk but little.

Being told he took too much for teaching, he replyed, that he would give twice as much to have that confidence he wanted.

Anacreon the Poet refusing a Princes mo­ney, said, that he would accept no Presents that should make his head ake; But it troubles the head as much, at least, to be in want of money, as to have more then one wants.

The Poet Philoxenes said, to such as won­dred why he represented Women bad, where­as Sophocles made them all to be good; that he represented them as they really were, and Sophocles as they ought to be.

He quitted his Estate in Sicily, because of the Debaucheries of that Island, and said, he would rather lose his Estate, then his Estate should lose him.

To those that reproached him for his Birth, he said, that was part of his Glory, to be [Page 263] beholding to none but himself for his For­tune.

Lysimachus asking a Poet what he desired of him; what ever you please, said he, provided it be not your secret.

Pyrrhus having sent for some Young People, that had spoken ill of him in their Cups; instead of denying it, they told him; We had said a great deal more, if we could have had more Wine. They cunningly cast the Liberty they had taken on the effects of Drunkenness, which obtained their pardon.

A man wrongfully accused before Augustus, said, after he had justifyed himself, that ano­ther time, he should inquire into nothing that was spoken of an honest man, but amongst such as were honest.

That Prince having composed some Verses against Pollion, it being admired at, that he wrote no answer; It is, said Pollion, because it's not safe to write against ones Master. In the Latin it is, not to soribble against them that can proscribe.

A Night Bird breaking Augustus's rest, was taken by a Soldier, who having received no reward for it, as he hoped, I had rather it should live, said he, and let it go again.

A Veteran who had served him very well in his Wars, coming to recommend a business of Importance to him, he gave order to one about him to recommend it for him; my Lord, said the Veteran, when it concerned your Ser­vice, I did it always my self, and never serv­ed you by Proxy.

[Page 264] Augustus Seeing a Poet come towards him, who was wont to present him with Epigrams, made one Extempore and gave it to him. The Poet then, drawing out his Purse: The re­ward, said he, is not worthy your Merits, but if I had more, I would have bestowed it on you. This Action touched Augustus so to the quick, that he made him a very great [...] Present, not taking notice of his confidence, which was a secret reproach for his covetousness, be­cause he had never gratifyed him.

An Artisan to whom a Pythagorician owed some money, being dead, the Pythagorician threw the Summ into his Shop, that he might not accustome himself to withhold what was another mans due.

The Romans asking an Ambassador, whe­ther, if they should consent to a peace, it would be lasting: Yes, replyed he, if it be just.

Asking another, what he thought his Coun­try-men deserved for their Revolting: What ever brave men can deserve, said he, that think themselves worthy of Liberty.

A man whose Field produced a much bet­ter Crop then his Neighbours, being accused of Witch-craft, brought all his working Utensils into Court, kept in good repair and order; and pointing to them, said, behold here is all my Sorcery, and Charms of Witch­craft.

Caesar willing to oblige a man to Disinherit one of his Sons: It is easier for you, said he, to make me lose them all, then to make me lose one voluntarily.

[Page 265]A wicked man Swearing before the Roman People, the Roman People Swore a [...]oud, they would not believe him,

Caesar, the day he was Murthered, said to an Astrologer, who had predicted it that day; Ha, well, said he, it is come. But it is not yet gone, said he, Or, ended.

The Emperor Adrian having taken an ill Secretary, it was told him, that with all his Power, he could not make an able man of a Fool.

Some Body being put to Death unjustly, said, amongst other imprecations against the Author of his Death; may he not dye, when he de­sires it.

A Seditious man having caused a good man to be assassinated, when he found that he was not dead of his Wounds, he Summoned him to Justice, and being asked what he would ac­cuse him for; for being still alive, replyed he.

A Roman Consul threatning a man; I have that will make thee obey, said he: And I, re­plyed tother, have that will prevent it. Or, exempt me. Meaning he could kill himself.

A man who was condemned to Death, swearing he dyed innocent: No matter, said his Adversary, so he do but dye. This made him be absolv'd.

A General killing his Horse on a day of Battle: If I am overcome, said he, I shall want none, and if Conqueror; I shall get e­now others.

While in a civil War, they were consult­ing [Page 266] to Banish all the contrary party: This will only be a means, said one, to bring divisions amongst our selves, when we shall have no o­ther Enemies left to keep us upon our Guard.

A Prince that had not wept for the Capti­vity of his Son, nor his Daughter shedding Tears for his Servant, said in excuse of it, that we seldom bemoan any but small afflictions, for the great ones are above all complaints, and expressions.

Euripides reproved by the People in the Pub­lick Theatre; it is to instruct you that I write, said he, and not to receive Instructions from you.

Complaining to a Poet that he had been three days about making a few Verses, and the other telling him, that he made a hundred in a day: And thine, said he, will last, or, live, but three days, and mine to Eterni­ty.

Menander said to an ill Poet, whom they Crowned in his stead: Doest thou not Blush at thy Victory?

A Poet being asked, wherefore he did not rather chuse to be a Barrister, since the gains was much greater: It is not at the Bar, reply­ed he, as on the Stage, where we can make the Actors say what we please.

A Musician whose Songs were not accepta­ble, said to comfort himself, that he Sung for himself and the Muses: another said, he valued not a Publick approbation, he desired none but his own.

[Page 267]Some body at a combate of Gladiators, see­ [...]ng the People cry out, upon a great Blow a Gladiator had received, tho he t [...]at was [...]ounded said nothing: Just thus it goes with [...]he World, said he, those that undergo most [...]y little, whilst others make the noise.

A man excessively Fat and corpulent pre­ [...]nting himself to make a Speech to a ppease [...] Sedition, they all burst out into Laughter: [...]s, said he, you Laugh because I am so over­ [...]own; my Wife is yet much bigger then my [...]lf; notwithstanding when we agree toge­ [...]er, one Bed contains us both very well; [...]t if we fall out, the whole City is not wide [...]ough to hold us, This appeased the Sedition.

A man saved as it were by Miracle from [...]eat Peril and Danger, cryed out, To what [...]est thou reserve me, Fortune? As distrust­ [...]g her very Favours.

It was the saying of a Prince, that we must [...]spence with Justice in small matters, to keep [...] in greater. Or do Iustice in great Occasions [...]er then in small.

It hath been said of Tyrants, that he that [...]s much feared, had much to fear.

An Actor walking on his Tip-toes, to re­ [...]esent the great Agamemnon, Or, a man great and not a great man. they called out [...] him and said, he made him tall, but not [...]eat, and that he ought to seem pensive, and [...]otriving.

Another reproved by the People for not [...]eping enough Gravity when he acted the [...]t of Hercules; he pulling off his Vizard, [...]ld them aloud: You Fools, I am acting a [Page 268] Furious person. He was to act Hercule [...] Furens.

Another acting Oedipus, his companion [...] said, you see plainly. As not counterfeiting [...] blind man well.

One of the Ancients said of the Romans that they did undergo Evil better then goo [...] Fortune, and Labour better then Idleness It may be said of all Nations, and almost of a mankind.

A Philosopher said, we choose evil, whe [...] weary, or cloyed with good. This is ver [...] true in the change of Modes, and many other suc [...] like things.

Some body said to a Prince, who made the [...] drive away the Flies, That those were not th [...] worst. He meant Court Flies, or Flatter­ers.

One said, the best Fish were those that di [...] not smell too much of Fish. As much may [...] said of wild Fowl; the best, or most conven [...]ent Navigation, is along the Shoar and the pleasantest walking, near a River [...] side.

A Prince pretending to find fault with som [...] Pictures in a Painters House, the Painte [...] told him, he made the very Prentices Laug [...] at him, whereas they had a respect for him while he said nothing.

Another having Painted a Bunch of Grape [...] so well, that the Birds came to peck at the [...] His Antagonists to out-vie him, Painted Curtain so dexterously, that the first comin [...] to see it, went to draw aside the Curtain tha [...] [Page 269] [...]e might see the Picture, and finding his mi­stake, acknowledged he was out don [...]: For, [...]id he, I only cheated the Birds, and you [...]ave cheated, or deceived a man.

Another time having Painted a little Boy [...]arrying a Bunch of Grapes in his hand, and [...]he Birds coming to eat them likewise, he said, [...]e Grapes were livelier Painted then the Boy; [...]therwise the Birds [...]durst not have come so [...]ear.

Some admiring to see vast quantities of use­ [...]ss Houshold-Stuff at a Rich mans; he said, [...]man is Rich only in these, viz. in super­ [...]us things.

An excellent Sculptor having made two [...]gures, one according to the Rules of Art, [...]e other by the directions of the people; [...]e first being most admired, he said, that it [...]s the people had made the other. As done by [...]or directions.

Some body going about to deface a Tyrants [...]ure; he was told, that he ought to make [...]ar against the Tyrant, and not against the [...]inter.

Some certain Soldiers being terrify'd at [...]ne Prodigies: Leave the consideration of [...]ose things to the Astrologers and Sooth­ [...]ers, and their Captain, and do your du­ [...].

A General that had done eminent service [...] his Prince, being Poysoned upon Suspici­ [...], or the like occasions; said, this we get [...] great men, in serving them. Thus many [...]e Perished through jealousie, or fear.

[Page 270]One [...]aking some Security or Writing fro [...] a Frien [...] to whom he lent money; said, th [...] is not because I would demand it as a Credito [...] but as a Friend.

A man that looked very ill, showing h [...] Doctor a Sore-finger: 'Tis not there thy [...] stemper resides, go and make thy Will.

One seeing a man fallen into a Well, a [...] asking him how he came in there: That not the question, replyed he, but how to g [...] out.

A Physician having cured a Patient, and t [...] Patient another time using the same Medici [...] without effect; 'Tis, because it was not I, sa [...] he, that prescribed it. It was to let him kno [...] that it is not enough to know the Receipt, but [...] Season and other Circumstances to apply it.

It is said, that the worst of all Winds, a [...] those which uncover us. Because they take way that which was intended our Shelter.

A Lady meeting her Gallant who had s [...] ­saken her, after he had given many Rich p [...] ­sents: Why, said she, will you lose all you h [...] bestow'd on me?

A Woman wooed by her Husbands Murth­ [...]er, agreed to Marry him, at which some miring: It is to revenge my self the more curely, said she, and Poyson'd him.

One about to Marry a handsome Woma [...] but ill spoken of, he was told, That in M [...]riage, he was not only to consult with Eyes, but with his Ears also.

One having preferred her Brothers saf [...] before either that of her Son, or her Husba [...] [Page 271] said, that she might have other Sons, or Hus­bands; but no Brothers.

An old Woman wishing long life to a Ty­rant, said to such as wondered at it; It is for fear lest a worst succeed him. Old Women are great observers of Proverbs, and this is one, seldom comes a better.

A Sick man fretting at every thing, was told, the things you find fault with are not ill. It is your self. One of the Ancients speaking of Voluptuous pleasures said, we tast Honey on­ly with the tip of the Finger.

A Gouty Fellow said, he had Hands and feet only to endure pain. Because he would not use them.

Some endeavouring to make a man in trou­ble Laugh: The afflicted, said he, are not to be comforted but with Tears.

An Orator that had not considence to speak in publick, said to excuse himself, that he was not afraid of others, but of himself.

A Grammarian told an Emperour, who spoke a word that was not Current, or in use, that he might make a meer Stranger a free Denizon, but not a Syllable with all the power he had.

A Widow excusing her self because she did not Marry again, said her first Husband was still living in her Heart.

One of the Ancients said, that he that ha­ted Vice, hated men, because they are vicious. It is also said for another Reason, that we must hate the Vice, but not the Person, Because man ought not to be the object of our hatred; but the [Page 272] defects he is [...] subject to, from which being purged, he becomes m [...]st justly an object of our Love.

A Lady being asked, which was the best complexion: she replyed, Bashfulness. Or a Blushing Modesty.

One of the Ancients speaking of the times he lived in, said, that formerly they reck­oned but Seven wise men; but now every one thought himself one.

Another speaking of Riches said, that it cost but little to heap up much, and much to heap uplittle. Because when one has nothing it is hard to bear up any thing; but when one hath some, it is casie to make it more.

Papinian told an Emperour, who would needs oblige him to defend a Parricide, that it was easie [...] to make one, then to defend one.

One of the Ancients compared the Dia­lectick Art, to the Spiders Webs, wherein there is much curiosity, and little solidity. Another compared it to the Cray-sish where there is more picking then meat. Another to a Thorn bush, which pricks where ever one touches. Ano­ther to sish full of little Bones.

One told a Treacherous Fellow, he was glad to be his Enemy, because his Malice was only against his Friends.

Another said, that one must no more ex­pect a kindness from a usurer, then an answer from a dead man.

Of one who was Prodigal of his favours, it was said, that of Virgins, he had made them Courtezans.

[Page 273]A Prince told his people, who desired Bloody Spectacles that he did not delight in Cruelty.

Xantippe said of Socrates, that he always re­turned home, with the same Countenance as when he went forth.

A Blind man said, that the night had it's Pleasures, as well as the day.

One of the Ancients said, that good sence was the part, or perfection, of an Orator, and that the voice and gesture were to be reserved for the Comedian.

A Father being reproached that he expend­ed too much in the Education of his Children, said, he would give all he was worth to make them more virtuous then they were.

When some would have engaged a Philo­sopher to talk at a Merry, or rather a Drunk­en Meeting, he said, it was not time then to tell what he knew, nor did he know, what it was then time to tell.

Pompey telling a Young man that had under­taken a Friend of his, that nothing remained now but to attack him: Give me security, said he, that you will not trouble the Common­wealth, and I will do it.

A Consul haranguing with great Acclama­tions against the Power of Pompey: You do well, said he, to applaud what I say at present, for very shortly you will not have so much Liberty.

A man whose Friend had refused him some unjust favour, telling him he would have nothing to do with his Friendship, since it [Page 274] was useless to him: Nor I with thine, reply­ed he, since it cannot be maintained without injustice.

Polybius advised Scipio the African never to go out of the Court, The younger. till he had obliged some Body; which he called making a Friend.

A Captain coming to demand the Consul­ship for Augustus, said to the Senate who re­fused it: Here is that which will give it him, laying his Hand on his Sword. Others name Caesar, instead of Augustus.

A Tarentine observing the Citizens make merry while they were threatned with a Fierce War: said, courage, good people, you do well to rejoyce now, for in a short time you will have no cause for it. As the Proverb has it, a short life and a merry.

Cineas asked Pyrrhus, who was every day undertaking some new enterprize, what he would do in the end: Then I will rest my self, or live at ease, said he: What hinders thee, replyed Cineas from doing that now?

A General boasted otherwhile, that he had never made his Citizens put on Mourning. It cannot be said so of Pericles, but must be some other.

The Son of Papyrius earnestly importuned by his Mother, to tell her what had been done in the Senate: They debated, said he, whe­ther a Husband should be allowed several Wives, or the Woman several Husbands. He was applauded by the Senate for finding out this seigned Story, to avoid discovering the secrets of that Council, tho it begot a great deal of trouble in Rome.

[Page 275]One of the Ancients said, that, Wine was the Looking-glass of a man, Becaus [...] it shews us the very bottom of his Soul.

A Musician used to make such people Sing before his Scholars as had no skill in Musick: To teach them, said he, how they must not Sing.

Some body pursued by his Son to the very Door: Or beaten. Stop, said he, for I pursued my Father no further.

An Orator being asked, what Master he had had to teach him his Art, replyed, the Bar. A great Painter said, the people.

A Prince told his Mother, who would en­gage him to do some unjust thing: She made him pay dearly the nine Months she had car­ryed him in her Womb.

Another to whom all things succeeded well: It is your best time now to dye, said some, while the Splendor of your life is not clouded with any Misfortune. And therefore the An­cients held, that such as were beloved by the Gods dyed Young.

As some were advising to break down a Bridge that the Enemy might not escape: You ought rather to make two, said others, that they may retreat the sooner. The decision of this question deponds upon the consideration of their forces.

To a Father who bemoaned his Son too much; it was said, if you did not weep for him before he was Born, why do you weep so now he is dead.

One of the Ancients said of Thieves, that [Page 276] the little ones lay in Chains, whilst the great ones triumph'd in all abundance.

The People absolving a Criminal whom Ca­to had condemned, said in excuse, that he was punished enough by having displeased Cato. Or, having his ill will.

That Roman being asked what usury was: A long Death, replyed he.

Of cruel and jealous Princes it hath been said, they might rid themselves indeed, of all whom they suspected, yet could they never destroy their Successor.

It being marvelled at that a man should be­stow his Daughter on his greatest Enemy: It is to be revenged on him, said he.

Of a man who Counterfeited the Fool to save himself: It was said, he had been one, if he had not done so. Or, a Fool, if he had not plaid the Fool.

A Prince refusing to give Battle, because the Omens were not favourable: Do you give more Faith, said an old Captain, to the Intrails of a Victime, then to my Experience?

To another, who upon the same account, made a doubt whether he should keep an im­portant Place, or not, it was said: If he be a Soothsayer he should surrender it, and keep, or, defend it, if a Statesman.

A wicked Fellow affirming something with an Oath, they cryed out, That they were not to give credit to Oaths, but to Honesty, Or, Probity.

A Prince being commended for several vir­tues, which he wanted: I will do all I can pos­sible, [Page 277] said he, that you may not prove Lyers.

The Ancients said, that to blame any one before his Face, was Impudence; and to Praise him was Flattery.

A Philosopher weeping at the loss of a Son: It is Nature, said he, that sheds these Tears, not I.

The City of Athens was wont to be com­pared to a Curtezan, whom some are content to entertain a while but none loves to Marry withal.

One repeating to another some injurious things that had been spoken of him: They had not been told to thee, said he, but that they knew thou wouldest tell them again.

A Lady of quality, said, she had gained her Husbands favour by doing what pleased him, and concealing what did not please her self.

Some admiring a man did not cause himself to be sent to the other World, in his extream old Age, (as the Custom then was) it is be­cause, said he, I have no cause to complain of it.

Another said, it was fit to continue life, till one found by Experience, that Death was more to be desired then life. The Ancients made away themselves in their afflictions.

Another said, that there was nothing more Charming then Beauty: Nor nothing that decayed so soon.

Caesar leading Cato Prisoner, a Senator cry­ed out, that he would rather be a Prisoner with Cato, then at Liberty with Caesar, and followed him to Prison.

[Page 278]A Philosopher said, he did not abstain from Lusts, out of Temperance, but of Pleasure. Because of the smarts that attends it.

It is said of old, of the Mul [...]iplicity of Laws, they are Marks of the Corruption of a Nation; as the great numbers of Physicians are a sign of many diseases.

A Judge refusing a Present from a Party: Said, it was, for fear he should shew himself either ungrateful or unjust.

A Philosopher being asked, wherefore he had not Learned Musick: We do not find, said he, Iupiter either Singing, or playing on a Fidle, like the other Petty Deities in the Poets.

Another said of the Grandees, that they do all they can to lose the use of their Feet and Hands, which is the greatest Curse that can befal a man. Because they make their Servants put on their Shoes and Cloaths, Ride in Coaches: and in a word do all they can by the Ministry of o­thers, while their own Laziness destroys, or weakens them to inability of their natural Functions.

Some Body complaining one day of his mean Fortune, he was told, that whoever was not content with a little, would never be satisfyed with a great deal.

A Philosopher accused for corrupting such as frequented him. It is, said he, because they take that with their left hand, which I present them with my right.

A Learned man submitting in a point dis­puted with an Emperour; said, it is not safe con­tending with one, that hath twenty Legions at his command.

[Page 279]A Young Prince being admonished to for­bear Fighting, or, making War, till he were of riper Age: I am afraid, said he, I should lose my courage with my Youth.

A Conqueror sending to demand money of some to Purchase their Peace: They answered, that they had no money to buy a peace withal; but they had Swords to defend it.

The wife of Phocion dressing her self very modestly, said, her Husband was her Orna­ment and Bravery.

One of the Ancients said, that it were ea­sie for one to become Rich, if one would be­come wicked. This alludes to the Proverb, poor and honest.

Another said, upon the consideration of Plato, and Denis the Tyrant, whereof the one went into Sicily, and the other was a School­master in Corinth: That it was not so strange to see a Prince dethroned as a Philosopher am­bitious, viz. A true Philosopher.

A Courtier said, he profer'd his Service to all the World, but performed it only to that that deserved it.

An ill man, holding his peace in company; it was told him, that a wicked, or Treache­rous man's silence, was more to be appre­hended then his discourse.

It being inquired of an old man, how long he had lived; But a little time, replyed he, and many years. It being no living, while we live not in ease.

Another being asked whether he desired to dye, said, it is good to be always ready to quit a falling House.

[Page 280]One restored from a long Sickness, said, it was but troublesome to begin the Journey again, which must be gone early or late. Or, a trouble to return back when he was almost at his Iournies end.

A Statesman was wont to say, that in Coun­sel it was not so proper to debate what should be done as what could be done. Or, not what was in their wills but in their power.

Philip of Macedon being at Variance both with his Wife, and his Son, and asking of De­marat, whether the Greeks were in unity? It becomes you well, said he my Lord, to iniquire after the disorders of the Grecians, whilst you are at discord in your own Family.

When some would have persuaded a Prince to resent an Offence committed by a Drunkard: Would you be angry, said he, with a man for running against you, if his Eyes were Blind­folded?

A Prince driven from his Throne, cryed out, that he never knew his Friends from his Ene­mies, till it was out of his Power to do them either good, or harm!

A Declamator having made a very tedious discourse of the Art of War before an Emi­nent Captain, the Captain told him, he had never seen any thing so insolent. It being ve­ry impertinent to speak of those things before a man that understands them better then our selves.

An Orator said of an arrogant Fellow that shewed but little respect towards his Prince: He thinks it reflects on his Honor to stand in fear of his Sovereign.

[Page 281]One of the Ancients said, that those that love too much, were more troublesome to those they loved, then those that hated them.

Some wondering at the great Poverty of an Orator; it is because I know the Art of speak­ing, better then the Art of getting said he. Or, I have Study'd to speak well, not to grow Rich.

A great Captain fallen from his Seat just before the beginning of a Battle: Courage, said he, 'tis a Sign we ought to be sitting no longer, but stand up to our business.

A great talker that disturbed every mans Brain in the Company, was told, that he would certainly speak less if it were but as much trouble to him to prate so, as to them to hear it.

A Courtier who had heaped up a great deal of Wealth, said, it was by returning Thanks, when they did him injury.

A Prince inquiring of a Philosopher how he should do to reign a long time: You must, said he, do good to all and trust but few.

As Nero was putting to Death the Consede­rates in a conspiracy against him, asking an Officer of his Guards, wherefore he joyned with them: Because, said he, I could find no other remedy against your Crimes. Another told him, I loved you while you deserved it; But I hate you since you are become a Par­ticide, Buffoon, Coach-man, and Incendi­aty. He delighted in driving a Chariot, and set Rome on fire.

A Prince that was too easie having succeed­ed [Page 282] a Tyrant, it was said, that it was a great unhappyness to live under the rule of a Prince where nothing was permitted; but it was not a less to live under the reign of one that per­mitted every thing.

A Prince admiring the curious Houshold Stuff of a Private Person; and asking him where he had gotten all that: When we enter under anothers Roof, said he, we should be Deaf, and Dumb.

A man much applauded for an Act of Va­lour, said, he had only lent his Arm, and the Deities had done the Execution.

A Philosopher said, we ought to desire of the Gods, only, Beauty, Health and Wealth; for the rest we might attain our selves.

The General of an Army taking the Trea­sure out of a Temple to carry on his War: I will restore it, said he, out of the Enemies Spoil.

One of the Ancients whose Books were or­dered to be Burnt, said, they should Burn me too, for I have them all by Heart.

A Philosopher accused for not Sacrificing; said, I did not believe the Gods had any need of Sacrifices.

The same coming to a man who was incon­solable for the Death of one, told him, that he would undertake to raise him to life again, if he could name him any three Persons that had not thus mourned for some Body.

A Person desiring to lead him to the Tem­ple to give thanks to the Gods for restoring his Son to Health: Doest thou think, [Page 283] said he, that the Gods cannot hear us from this place.

A Roman Senator willing to revenge him­self of a Cynick, that had Scoffed at him for having his Hair pull'd off by the Roots: For his punishment, said the same Philosopher, you should do the same to him.

One of the Ancients said of the Italians, that they resembled Slaves, of which the subtillest [...]e ever the worst.

APOPHTHEGMES Purely PLEASANT.

SEmiramis having caused to be Written on her Tomb, Pleasant. that whoever of her Suc­cessors was in want of Money, should find some there: Darius having broken it open, found nothing but these words, Without an extraordinary covetous desire, thou couldst ne­ver have been so base as to rake into the Se­pulchre of the dead. I have taken this for [...] raillery, as well as Erasmus, for altho there wer [...] some kind of Sacriledge in this Act, yet it was th [...] custom of the Eastern Princes to enclose their treasure in their Monuments.

Sardanapalus wrote on his Tomb, that h [...] carryed away nothing with him but what ha [...] served him in his pleasures. Others say ther [...] was, Drink, Eat, and be Merry, for all the rest [...] nothing.

[Page 285] Cressus said to Cambyses, who would needs e­qual himself to his Father, that he had not yet got a Son like him.

The Young Cyrus inviting the Lacedemo­nians to quit the allyance they had with his Brother, to joyn with him, amongst other Reasons alledged, that he Drank better then his Brother, as a token of his Strength and Courage.

A King of Thrace said, that he thought himself no better then his Groom, when he was not employed in a War.

Another bestowing a Lyon upon one that had presented him a Panther, told him he had [...]o Reason to complain because he was paid in his own Coyn. But a Private man bestows more then he gives a Lyon, then a Prince that gives a [...]nther. Which I have added to make an A­pophthegme, of what was but an Example.

The Athenians having out of respect made [...]im a Citizen of Athons, he made them Citi­zens of Thrace, to return them, said he like [...]or like. As valuing his Country, as much a [...] [...]hey did theirs.

The Ambassadors of Philip of Macedon meet­ [...]g with Silure who was currying his Horse, King of Thrace. [...], dressing him, he asked them whether their [...]aster did the like; and they answering, No [...] [...]ow then, said he, dares he be so bold as to [...]tack me? Aristotle proves very clearly, that [...] most brutish are not the most brave, as this [...]barian believed.

Having heard a most excellent Musician, he [...]d, the neighing of his Horse pleased him [...] better.

[Page 286]A Grammarian who undertook to find fault with Homer, complaining one day to Hieron that he had not enough to keep a serving man: How can you have the confidence, said he, to reprove a man, that maintains above ten thou­sand People, so long after he is dead?

Denis the Tyrants Subjects, complaining that he employed a wicked man: That is, to make them hate some body else more then my self, said he: It might have been said, that is t [...] turn their hate from me, upon him; but in that i [...] contained a kind of instruction, which belongs no [...] to this place which is only for pleasant sayings.

The Ambassadors of Corinth having refused his Presents: You are greatly to blame, said he, to deprive your selves voluntarily of th [...] only good thing that Tyranny can do.

A Musician complaining that he gave hi [...] nothing, after many great promises he ha [...] made: Then we are quit, said he, for you hav [...] Flatter'd and tickled my Ears with a Swee [...] sound, and I have fed you with fair promi­ses.

Having the Wind favourable at his retur [...] from Locrida, where he had Plundered th [...] Temple of Proserpine: You see, said he, ho [...] the Gods favour the Sacrilegious. I hav [...] put this amongst the pleasant ones, because the Re [...] ­son is not solid.

He took away the Mantle of Gold whic [...] Hieron had sent to Iupiter Olympus, and t [...] excuse it said, that it was too cold for Wi [...] ­ter, and too heavy for Summer.

He likewise cut off Esculapius his Golde [...] [Page 287] Beard upon a pretence, that it was not decent the Son should wear a Beard, the Father hav­ing none. For Apollo was Painted Beard­less.

Taking away the Offerings that were for the Gods, he said, that being so good as they were, one might make use of their goodness, and accomodate ones self with those things that they stood not in need of.

The Inhabitants of a City besieged by Aga­thocles, crying out to him from their Walls: Where wilt thou find money to pay thy Ar­my, poor Potter? He replyed without any passion, In your Purses: And having gained the place, Hereafter, said he, if you affront me, I will not call you to account, but your Ma­sters. For he sold them in chains, as they did Slaves.

Those of Ithaca complaining that his Ma­tiners had Stolen some Flocks upon their coasts: We have, said he, more Reason to complain, Ulysses. Polypheme. for your Prince not satisfyed to take away our Sheep, put out our Shep­herds Eye.

An impertinent Barber asking of Archelaus, King of Macedon. how he would be Trimmed; In silence, said he, Or without Babbling. One of the Beauties of an Apophthegme is to hit, where one does not ex­pect.

Some body at a Feast having made Court­ship to a Lady somewhat aged, who had been illustrious for her Beauty; saies that Prince, some Beauties, are handsome in their very Autumn. As the setting Sun, looks oft times Rich and Glorious.

[Page 288]A Musician impatient because he gave him nothing, turned his looks towards him and Sung these words: Thou lovest money, bred in the base Earth: but he without concern, reply­ed: Doest thou think strange that I should love it, when thy self does even pine to Death to get a little from me?

After the Battle of Cheronea, Philip of Ma­cedon having set at Liberty all the Athenian Prisoners; they farther desiring all their Equi­page: I think, said he, they believe we did not Fight in earnest.

Having received a wound near his Throat, and his Chyrurgeon beging every day some new grant of him: Take all thou desirest, said he, for thou holdest me by the Throat. I have accomodated it to our Language.

Upon a difference between two Rascals, who mutually accused each other of great Crimes [...] he Banished the one, and condemned the other to run after him.

Another making complaint to him, that the Macedonians called him Traytor, as in­deed he was; it is because they are so un­mannerly, said he, as to call things by their true names.

A Person to whom he had some obligation, denying to accept of any thing from him: Do not, said he, deprive me of the quality of invincible, by endeavouring to vanquish me in Courtesies.

Going one day to Dine abroad, with more company then the entertainer expected; when he observed him to be a little surprized: Let [Page 289] us, said he, reserve a corner, for the second Course, which made them leave some re­mainders.

Alexander's Army being ranged in Battalia, the Generals came and asked this Prince whe­ther there were any thing Omitted: Nothing, said he, unless it be to send for Barbers to shave the Soldiers because their Beards are too long. I have taken it for a raillery, for they have some­thing else to do in a Battle then to take an Enemy by the Beard. Tho it might be done at a wrest­ling.

Seeing a very little Fire made for him in the Winter: Bring, said he, more Wood, or Incense. That he might either warm himself, or offer Sacrifice.

When he proclaimed himself every where to be the Son of Iupiter, his Mother wrote him word, he should forbear setting her at odds with Iuno. Or, of making Juno jea­lous.

Antigonus would by no means suffer the A­thenians to give the Freedom of a Citizen to one of his people: For fear, said he, left I be­ing in wrath, should strike a Citizen of A­thens.

Being reproached that he fled after a defeat: No, said he, but I am seeking an advantage, which lyes yonder behind.

Interrupting one that was making a speech, to ask him some question: And finding it put him out: Is it because that was not in your speech, said he.

Being informed that they had Lodged his [Page 290] Son at a Widdows who had three handsome Daughters; Let them remove his Lodging, said he, for he is too hard beset.

Some body that was short sighted having Written a letter to him in very large Cha­racters: A Blind man, said he, might read this.

Desiring a Lady of Pleasure to Sing, who was somewhat stricken in years, he asked a­nother Lady, what she thought of her: That she is old, replyed she. He inquired of the Musick, she answered of the Person.

Having surprized the Poet Anaxagoras while he was Frying of a Conger: Doest thou believe, said he, that Homer busied himself in Frying of a Conger when he was Writing the Acts of Agamemnon? And do you believe, replyed he, that Agamemnon had nothing else to do but to inquire whether any one were Frying a Conger in his Camp?

Demetrius after the taking the City of Me­gara, having told St [...]lpon the Philosopher, that he left him his City free, or, at Liberty: True, said he, for you have carryed away all the Slaves.

Lysimachus reproaching Demetrius his love to a Curtezan, he replyed, that she was Cha­ster then his Penelope. Because his Wife had an ill report.

The same shewing that Princes Ambassadors, some Bruises he had received in a Combat a­gainst Lyons: Demetrius, said they, has o­ther-guess hurts, by the Bitings of a mad Beast. They meant a Curtezan he entertained, [Page 291] who used to Bite him, when she made much of him.

Antipater said of the Orator Demades, al­ready grown old, that nothing more was left of him, then of the Beasts that were Sacrifi­ced, the Tongue and the Belly. Prating, and Gormandizing.

A Philosopher reproached for bis Banish­ment, said, it was because his Country could bear him no longer, no more then Semele could Bacchus.

Hannibal having drawn the General of the Romans into an Ambuscade, from which Fa­bius who was incamped upon the higher Grounds having rescued him: I believed, said he, that Storm which was gathering on the Hills would break down upon us at last in the Plains.

Fabius having retaken Tarentum after the same manner that he gained it: Rome, said he, hath it's Hannibal also?

A Roman who had lost Tarentum, boasting that he had been the occasion of it's retaking: It is true, said Fabius, for if thou hadst never lost it, it could not have been retaken.

Crassus already old, reproaching Dejotarus, that he began to build very late: And thou likewise, Captain, said he, to make War. These two being very aged, the one founded a new City, and the other marched against the Parthi­ans.

One who had disdained Themistocles in his Youth, seeking after him when he had laid those thoughts aside: We have both of us re­pented, [Page 292] said he, but too late.

Speaking of his Son, who was yet but a Child, he said, that he alone had more Power then all Greece; for my Mother, said he, does any thing that he will have; I do every thing my Mother desires; the Athenians do what e­ver I require; and the Grecians, all the Athe­nians ever have a mind to.

An old Lady reproaching Pericles for some­what, he made her no other reply; but, That it did not become an old Woman to pretend to beauty.

Of the Island AEgina he said, that it was a Thorn in the Eye of the Port of Athens. Lying too near them.

Alcibiades understanding that he was La­bouring to give in his accounts; why does he not rather endeavour to give no account, said he. This is but jesting, for a man of honor is bound to give an account of what he hath receiv­ed.

Chabrias accused of Treason joyntly with Iphicrates, did not forbear Eating and Drink­ing daily in Prison, for which Iphicrates rebuk­ing him: Hadst thou, said he, rather dye Fasting, then after Dinner?

One of Phooion's Friends, being condemned with him, desiring himself to take the Dose of Poyson first: I must not deny him at Death, said he, whom I never denyed any thing in all my life.

There being too little of the Poyson left, because of the great number of condemned Persons, he made Signs to one of his Friends [Page 293] to lay out the money it would require to have more: Because one cannot so much as dye, said he, at Athens without expence. Or, for nothing.

Epaminondas said of a Soldier too much over­grown, that he would need two or three Buck­lers to guard his Belly.

An Ambassador reproaching the Thebans with Oedipus, and the Argiens with Orestes: It is true, said Epaminondas, they were Born amongst us, but we drove them hence, and you entertained them.

The Lacedemonians extending to great length, their accusations against the Thehans: How I am troubled, said he, that for our sakes you have left off speaking Laconically. That is to say, briefly.

A Prince promising the Athenians to help them to meat for little or nothing, because he intended to Plunder the Enemy of all: And we will boyl it for nothing, said Epaminondas, for we will set Fire all about.

One that was not very Fortunate in his own Marriage, advising him to Marry: In that, re­plyed he, I shall hardly take your Counsel, Or, follow your Example. He added, That a single life gave this advantage, that a man might be the Bolder to dye for his Countries Service.

Of a man that dyed during the time the Battle of Leuctres was fought, he said, he wondered he could have leasure to dye in a time when they had so much to do.

Demosthenes, said to a Thief who objected [Page 294] that his discourses smelt of the Lamp, Mean­ing Study and Labour: I know, said he, that you are vext that I keep my light in the Night time. And to a Prodigal Fellow who had con­sumed all his own Estate, and found the same fault: You know that Oyl hath cost you more then ever it did me. Meaning his Gaming by Night, as the other Studyed.

When Archias who had been a Comedian, advised him, to forsake the Temple wherein he had Sheltred himself, and put himself into Antipater's hands: He told him, he was no better an Orator, then he had been a Comedian; and that as he had never satisfyed him in one of his Qualities, he should never persuade him in the other.

Romulus having Drank but very little at a Feast, it was told him, that if every Body should Drink like him, the Wine would be very cheap. Not at all, said he; but very dear, for every one would Drink his fill. Or, as much as he could.

Flaminius having sent to demand an enter­view of the Macedonian King; and that Prince refusing to come without Hostages, as pre­tending he was alone, whereas the Romans had many other Generals; I know he is left alone, said he. Because he had put all his Relati­ons to Death.

He said of Philopemen, who had great num­bers of Horse and Foot, but had no money to pay them, that he had Arms and Legs, but wanted a Belly. That which made this raille­ry the more pleasant, was that Philopemen re­sembled such a Figure.

[Page 295] Cato the Censor making a harangue against the Luxury of great Tables, said, He knew not how to make himself be understood, or heard, because the Belly hath no Ears. He added, that he marvelled how a City could subsist, where they sold a Fish for more then an Ox.

Jesting upon a Debauched Person, who had eaten up all his Inheritance which lay along the shore, he said, That he was more unmer­ciful then the very Sea, because he had swallow­ed what that had spared.

It being debated with much heat in the Se­nate, whether they should send back all the old People that had been Banished, to their own Cities: To much purpose, said he, we make all this bustle to know whether these old people should be Buryed at their own homes, or in Italy. And when Polybius pro­pounded the Restoring them also to their dig­nities: He does, said he, like Vlysses who would needs return into the Cy [...]lops Den, to recover his Girdle. Which intimated, that in contending for all, he would venture to lose all.

A Roman who had Written their History in Greek, desiring pardon if he had not suc­ceeded well in a forraign Language: That were but fit, said he, if thou hadst Written it by a decree of the Amphictyons. As who should say, by an act of Parliament.

Of three Ambassadors, whereof one was a Fool, and the two others had the Gout, he said, that Embassy had neither Feet, nor Hands, nor Head. It is a little changed for the better in our Language.

[Page 299]He said, to evade making Friendship with a voluptuous Person, that he could not love those whose appetite was Sharper then their Wits; Or, whose tast was more exquisite then their judgements.

A Magistrate suspected to have Poysoned some body having propounded a most perni­cious Law: I cannot tell which is of greatest advantage, said he, either to Drink of the Liquor thou givest, or to consent to the Laws thou propoundest.

One that carryed a piece of Timber which hit him, crying out afterwards, Beware: What, said he, doest thou mean to hit me again? Or hast thou any thing else to be aware of?

Of a Woman who had a lewd Debauched Son, he said, that when ever she Prayed for him, she made imprecations against the Com­mon Wealth.

He said, he did not love those Soldiers who used their Hands more then their Feet on a March, and their Feet more then their Hands in a Fight, and Snored louder then they talk­ed. Thieves Cowards and Gormandizers.

A Soldier that had not been in the Battle, saying he stay'd behind to guard the Camp: I do not love, said Scipio, Young Scipio. those that are so over­careful of their Baggage. Or, I do not love so much Circumspection in a Soldier.

One of his Friends putting in for the Con­sulship, having waited a long time for Pompey, who had promised them his assistance, they were informed that he made a party for him­self: What do we stay here, said he, for a [Page 297] Piper, as if we expected the assistance of the Gods, and not of men? Pompey was reported [...] be the Son of a Piper, and in their Service of [...]he Gods they made use of Flutes, or Flageo­ [...]tts.

Speaking against their Stoves and Baths, he said, None but Horses wanted Washing and Currying, because they could not rub down themselves.

When he was Censor he condemned a Young man to pay a Fine, for making a Pasty that represented Carthage while it was yet besieged: Because, said he, thou hast deprived me of the Honor of taking Carthage first.

A wicked Fellow asking the Proconsul Sce­ [...]ola for an employment in his Province: Thou doest not know, replyed he, what thou desirest; for where canst thou find a bet­ter place to become Rich then in Rome, where all sorts of Vice and Corruption are in their height?

Sylla giving some money to an ill Poet, who presented him with some Verses of his ak­ing: Told him, when he was returning thanks; 'Tis on Condition that you scribble no more.

Pompey angry at Cicero's railleries: I would, said he, that he were still our Enemy, that he might fear us at least, if he did not re­spect us.

As they were Boasting of Caesar's Power, he said, that only by stamping with his Foot on the Ground, he could raise up Legi­ons.

[Page 298]Cato observing in a cause the railleries which Cicero made against the Stoicks: We have, said he, a pleasant Consul. Hinting, that it was not becoming a Consul to make such railleries. But Cicero was not there in quality of a Consul, but of an Advocate, and indeavoured to invali­date the Authority of Cato, who was of that Sect, which by this means he did effect.

Some body having reported, that a wick­ed Villain was dead; Cicero said, when the News proved false; the Devil take the Lyars.

It being afterwards doubted again; well, there is yet good hopes, said he; and the Freeman of him who was said to be dead, coming with the news that all was well, why then he is certainly dead, replyed he.

A Fellow whom they judged to be an Af­frican, telling him that he did not hear him: And yet your Ears are bored, said he. The Af­fricans wore Ear-rings.

An ignorant Lawyer, who came in as a wit­ness, being asked a question, and answering, that he knew nothing of it: Thou thinkest perhaps, said he, we are speaking of Law.

Metellus reproaching him, that he had lost more by his witnessing against him, then ever he had saved by his pleading for him: That is, said he, because I have more truth then Eloquence. Or, my integrity is greater then my Eloquence.

The same asking him, by way of reproach for the meanness of his Birth, who is thy Fa­ther? [Page 299] He replyed, it would be harder to [...]ess who is thine, Because his Mother had an [...] Fame. These two Apophthegmes are elsewhere, [...] only by allegation.

Hortensius the Orator, saying to him by [...]ay of answer to some of his Railleries, That [...] understood no Enigma's: And yet you [...]ave a Sphinx at home, replyed he. To twit [...] how he had been corrupted with Bribes, amongst [...]ich was a Sphinx of great value. This was a [...]nster that propounded Riddles.

Of a man who had very ill favoured Chil­ [...]en, he said, that he Marryed in despite of Ve­ [...], and the Graces. In the Original, it is said [...]pollo.

Some body who had made his escape out of [...]sars Camp, having left his Horse behind to [...]oid Discovery: He hath taken more care of [...] Horse, then himself, said he. As believ­ [...] Pompey to be the weaker.

After the Battle of Pharsalia, some body say­ [...], there were Seven Eagles left yet: That [...]ere well enough, said he, if we were to Fight [...]gainst the Mag-pies.

Being reproached in Pompey's Camp, that [...]e was come very late: There is nothing rea­ [...] yet, said he. He made an allusion to Feast­ [...], and reproved those people for their negli­ [...]nce.

Pompey having bestowed the Freedom, or [...]ght of a Citizen to a Gaul: He gives, said [...], Rome to a stranger, and cannot restore [...] to the Romans.

Of good old Wine, lie said, it bears it's [...]ge very well.

[Page 300]His Son in Law, who was very little, wear­ing a long Sword, he said, his Son in Law was tyed to his Sword. Or, hung upon his Sword.

Observing a great Stone Statue of his Bro­thers head, who was likewise a very little man, the half of my Brother, said he, is bigger then the whole.

His Daughter walking very quick, and his Son vere Slow; my Daughter walks like a man, said he, my Son like a Woman.

Milon's accuser, crying out, at what Hour, Sirs, do you think, that Clodius was kill'd, he replyed, late. It was done indeed at a late Hour, but his meaning was, he should have been killed sooner.

Some body pretending to be Younger then indeed he was, when we two studyed toge­ther, said he, you were not then, it seems, in the World.

A Stranger telling him, that he was come to Caesar to obtain the liberty of his Country [...] Get ours restored to us, said he, when thou hast obtained thine.

To a Lady somewhat old, who would not own to be above thirty Years, he said, she owned the same about thirty Years ago.

To such as reproached an old man for tak­ing a Young Girl: She will be Woman to­morrow, said he.

He told an Ancient Orator, who alway [...] began with an excuse for his Age, that h [...] would never want an Exordium.

A Gowty Person telling him, that he bega [...] to walk farther and farther every day: It [...] [Page 301] because the days grow longer, said he.

Being grown thirsty whilst he was indea­ [...]ouring to be chosen Consul, he was constrain­ed to Drink in the Publick Market-place; when spying the Censor; let us hide our selves, said he, that he may not see us Drink Water. Because he was a Drunkard.

Going to visit Vatinius, who was Consul but one day; let us make hast, said he, before his Consulship expires.

He also said, that he was very vigilant, not having slept so much as once, in all the time of his Consulship.

Some making much of a Fool upon his be­coming Rich, he asked, whether any one had [...] queathed him an estate of Wisdom.

Having bought a Horse, which he had o­penly declared he would not purchase, he said to excuse it, that it was to get the better Penny-worth.

Excusing himself for having commended an [...] man; he said, it was to Exercise his Wit. As some have praised the plague, or a Feaver.

Crassus having been to sup with him, as a token of his reconciliation, he said of another who was willing to be reconciled afterwards: Is it because he would Sup with me likewise?

An old Senator having said, That so long as he lived such a business should not be done: We have not long to wait, said he.

Some body that had been accused for Poy­soning his Father at a Feast, hapning to threat­en him. He told him, that I would rather [Page 302] thou shouldest threaten me, then treat me however,

Some body taxing Cato for Drinking al [...] Night long: Thou forgetest, said he, that i [...] is after he has Gamed all the day. To destroy [...] or contradict one lye with another more incre [...]dible.

Caesar alledging in his defence of Nicomede the obligations he had to him: Every on [...] knows well enough the reciprocal engagement you have to each other, said he. Caesar wa [...] accused for having prostituted himself to tha [...] Prince.

He said of such as stole from the Writing of the Ancients, that they did like thos [...] Thieves that changed the handle of thei [...] Neighbours Pot, that it might not be known again. So they disguised their theft, to make th [...] things pass for their own compositions.

Caesar said of Sylla, that he could not read because he deposed the Dictatorship. On [...] must know how to read to be able t [...] dictate.

Augustus having blotted out a Tragedy of A­jax, which he had composed, and did not pleas [...] him, it being afterwards inquired of him what his Ajax did; he hath stabbed himsel [...] through the Body with a Spunge, said he. Al­luding to the Death of Ajax: We might more pro­perly say with a Pen, but the old way of Writin [...] was rubb'd out with a Spung.

One presenting a Petition to him and trem­bling: One would think, said he, that it wer [...] a piece of bread thon wert presenting to an [Page 303] Elephant. Because men are afraid to go near them

One of his Courtiers telling him, there is a report abroad that you intend to bestow a gift upon me: Have a care you do not be­lieve it, replyed he.

A man whom he had set aside from an ill em­ployment, intreating he would bestow the like Present upon him, as he had done upon others, to take off the disgrace he received: Say, that thou hast had it, replyed he, and I will not deny it.

A Young Debauched Fellow whom he turn­ed out of his Camp, saying to him, what shall I tell my Father, when he sees me return home again? Tell him, thou couldest not comply with my humour, said he.

A Coward shewing him an Honorable wound, Have a care thou doest not look back, said he, the next time thou runnest away.

At the end of a Meal, where he had not been too well treated: I did not know, said he, that we were such good Friends, Or so Familiar. We use to say, treat you as a Friend, when we do it slightly.

Looking on some purple which was some­what too dark, and the Merchant telling him, that it should be looked upon in a better light: Must I walk always in the Sun-shine, said he, when I put it on?

His Nomenclator, who was a little defective in his memory, going into the Market-place: Take, said he, some letters of recommen­dation, for thou knowest no body. These [Page 304] Nomenclators made profession of knowing every body, that so one might call them by their name [...] when they saluted or met them: Which was then [...] Mark of Honor, and at present of contempt.

A man much in debt, dying very old: Le [...] them buy his Bed for me, said he, it must be a very good one, since he could Sleep so quietly in it, under such Circumstances.

Those of Terragone coming to Congratu­late him because a Branch of Palm-Tre [...] sprung up upon an Altar consecrated to him It is a sign, said he, you have not often mad [...] Fires there on.

Some body having made an Idle request to him, and he observing another that stood rea­dy to make a Second much like it. I shall no sooner grant what you desire, said he, but shall grant what he requests likewise.

Being informed that Herod had put his own Son to Death, he said, he would rather have been his Hog, then his Son. The Iews killed no Swine, because they eat none.

Being displeased that his Daughter kept on­ly Young People about, her and pointing to Livia, who had none but such as were Aged Those were Young, replyed she, when she too [...] them, but are grown old in her Service.

Tiberius having seized on the Empire, and out of Modesty refusing the proffers made him by the Senate, it was said, that others could hardly make good what they promised, and he, hardly promised what he made good [...]

A Grammarian whom he went to Rhodes to visit, having put him off for Seven days, he did [Page 305] no more, but only put him off for Seven Years; when he was Emperour, and the other came to visit him.

Caligula called Livia, a Gowned Vlysses, and said, that Virgil had no Wit, and less Learn­ing; and that the Style of Titus Livius was too much extended, and too much neg­lected, and his Language relished of the Pea­sant.

A Senator going from Rome into the Coun­try to be Purged, and desiring a Prolongation of time, he said, They ought to Bleed him, since Purging was ineffectual, and so caused him to be put to Death.

A Judge falling asleep at a Publick Sale, and nodding often with his Head, he awarded him to pay an immense Summ for somewhat that was set up to be sold, saying he made a Sign with his Head that he would have it at that price demanded for it.

When he Gamed he would Swear at every turn, that his Chance was so and so, and then Sweep up the stakes: and going forth one day torefresh himself, whilst another play'd his hand; he confiscated the Estates of a couple of Wealthy Citizens, and at his return, said, that he had never plaid a better Game.

Clodius complaining of his Poverty, whilst those about him took from every one with both Hands, he was told, that if he would but go Snips with his Officers he might soon become Rich enough.

Nero having Poysoned him with a Dish of Mush­rums [...] did ever after call that Meat, the Food [Page 306] of the Gods. Because they consecrated the Empe­rours after their Death.

Having sent some to kill a Consul while he was at a Feast; when he heard how much the rest of the company were affrighted, he said, they had paid dearly for the Honor of Eating with a Consul.

Being necessitated in his Flight to Drink some Water out of a Brackish Slough, he said, that that was none of Nero's Ptisane.

Vespasian informed by one certain Florus, Au, and O, make two different pronuncia­tions in the Latin. that he must Pronounce the O in the Latin words very open, or broad, the next Morning he saluted him by the name of Flaurus.

Having made a Present to a Lady that was Enamour'd with him, his Treasurer asking how he should put that down in his account: Put it, replyed he, to a Lady that thought me Handsome. This is the more pleasant because he was very homely and ill favour'd, looking like one that sits crowding on a Close-stool when too much bound, which occasioned that repartee from a jeaster whom he would needs engage to say something: I'l [...] stay only till you have done your business. Or, emp­ty'd your Belly.

One that waited upon him, requesting a Fa­vour from him, for one whom he called his Bro­ther, he took this man aside, and inquiring what he was to give him for doing it, would needs have the Money himself, and then told his Servant, go and look thee out another Brother, for this is mine.

Another time observing his Coach-man would needs stop and new Shoe his Mules, to [Page 307] give one an opportunity to speak with him; He afterwards asked him, how much he had got for his shooing, and would needs have the one half of it.

A certain City having designed, or decreed to set up a Statue for him, he told the Depu­ties that were sent to him about it: I will have it here, said he, holding forth his Hand, and made them pay down the money that was for it.

The Sepulchre of the Emperors opening of it self, and a Comet appearing, he said in a jeasting way, that the first Prodigy concern­ed a Lady who was now forgotten, being of the Caesars Family; and the other the Parthian King, who wore long Hair.

Dying he said, he felt he was becoming a God: As much as to say he was dying, because they consecrated Emperours after Death.

Domitian said of one that trick'd up himself; I wish I were as Handsome as such a one takes himself to be.

An old man having caused his Gray-locks to be dyed of a Youthful Colour, requesting somewhat of the Emperour Adrian: I have already refused your Father the same thing, said he. Alexander told another, That he should [...] ­ther dye his Knees. Or, mend them. that he should rather change his Knees then his Hair. Because old Age is most defective there, and his Father added, that such men were not to be trust­ed, and set such a one aside from his place of Iudicature.

Knowing that a Woman had made some Secret reproaches to her Husband, and hint­ing [Page 308] somewhat of it to him when he saw him: Hath my Wife written the same things to you, as she did to me, replyed the Husband?

A Grecian whom Marcus Aurelius had sent for to be his Sons Tutor, saying to him at his first approach, that it was the Scholars part to go to the Master, and not the Masters to come to the Scholar: It has proved an easier thing for this man, said the Emperour, to come from Greece into Itàly then from the City of Rome, to the Princes Palace. To tax his pride.

Heliogabulus called cowardly Senators, long Gowned Slaves.

He said, the price of Meats served to whet the appetite, and could not relish, or eat of such Food as was cheap.

Some condemning his great expence, when he was but a private man: I will be the sole Heir to my self, said he. Meaning he would devour all and leave nothing.

A Prince who Murthered his Brother, hav­ing taken the name of Parthique afterwards, it was said, he ought to take that of Getique rather. Because his Brothers name was Geta.

Another said of an unskilful Archer, that it was difficult to shoot so often at the White, and never hit it, and Crowned him for it, as an Extraordinary Archer.

A Physician having given too strong a Dose to Agesilaus, and saying to him, fear nothing: If I had feared any thing, replyed he, I would not have taken it, As much as to say, it was enough to kill him.

[Page 309]A Lowse having bitten him while he was Sacrificing, he killed it openly before all that were present, saying, we must cut a Traytors Throat even at the very Altar.

Wondring to see that in Asia their Beams of Timber were Square, for it was prohi­bited to Build Elegantly in Lacedemon, he ask­ed whether they grew so in that Country, and being told, No: If they grew Square, said he, without doubt you would make them round.

He said, that he was driven out of that Pro­vince by thirty thousand Archers, because with so many pieces of Gold which had that stamp, the chief of the Grecians were corrupted, or bribed to make War upon his Country.

Brasidas having received a wound thorough his Buckler, said, that his Buckler had betray'd him.

Leonidas bid hismen, at the Battle of Ther­mopyles, make hast to dine, that they might go to Supper in the other World.

Agis said to one who was bragging that Philip of Macedon would hinder the Lacedemonians well enough from coming into Greece, that they had Room enough in their own Country to walk about in. Or, take the Ayr in.

Some body shewing a Lacedemonian a draught of a Battle, wherein the Athenians were Victors, and saying, they were very brave men, he replyed, Yes, in painting.

A Lacedemonian having seen them do all manner of things at Athens; being asked what news, upon his return, he replyed, that he had observed nothing dishonest amongst them, [Page 310] As much as to say, that every thing was allowed of there.

A Persian having Debauched with money Demarat's Mistriss, and telling him he had stollen her from him: Not so, replyed he, you bought her.

When some would have obliged Xenocrates to have begun his dicourse again upon the coming in of Eudamidas; if he had newly eat­en his Supper, said Eudamidas, would you persuade him to eat again presently?

It was admired at, that when every one be­sides would needs make War against the Athe­nians, he alone advised they should not: It is because I would not have them lye, said he. The Lacedomonians not having indeed strength enough to do it.

Pausanias being informed at Delos, that they suffered neither Women to lye in, nor Buri­als to be there: How is it then your Patrimony, or, native Country, said he, if you can neither be Born, nor buryed there?

An ignorant Physician being come to see ano­ther Pausanias, and telling him, he ailed no­thing: That is because you are not my Doctor, replyed he.

Denis the Tyrant having sent Lysander two Garments for his Daughter, with order to take which he liked best: She can chuse bet­ter for her self, said he, and so took both.

One asking a question of a Lacedemonian, who answered him at Random, and the other saying it could not be so: Wherefore doest thou ask me then, replyed the Lacedemo­nian, [Page 311] since you know it so well?

A Servant being Chastized, crying out, it was against my will that I did it: And so it is against thy will that thou art beaten, replyed the Master.

A Lacedemonian to whom they sold some hard Almonds extreamly dear, inquired, whe­ther the Stones were cheap in that Country.

Another seeing a Nightingale stript of it's Feathers, said, it had more Voice then Flesh. Or, more sound, then S [...]dility. Vox et prae—&c.

Some body Surprizing a Gallant with his Wife who was very ill favour'd: Nothing compelled you to it, said he. As much as to say, himself was obliged to kiss her, as being his own Wife.

One that had Clubbed, or crooked Feet, hav­ing lost his Shoes, prayed God, that for a Punishment they might fit his Feet that stole them.

Accusing a Lacedemon for lying, he said, it was a Token, or Mark, of his Liberty: Thus it was said of a Grandee, that he would not be a Slave to his word.

Anacarsis being told that a Vessel wherein he was embarqued, was but four Inches thick: We are, said he, within four Inches of Death, then.

Xantippe perceiving Socrates took no notice of her Brawling and Scolding, threw a Pis-Pot on his Head: I thought, said he, we should have Rain after so much Thunder.

Another time having received a Cuff on the Ear: Saies he, a man does not know cer­tainly [Page 312] at what time he ought to put his Head­piece on. Some attribute this to Diogenes.

Denis the Tyrant having sent three Curte­zans to Aristippus to chuse which he liked, he kept them all three, saying, that Paris got no good by his chusing out one, and displeasing the other two.

A Curtezan challenging him that he had got her with Child: This is, as if one should rowl her self upon a Thorn Bush, and say, it was this Thorn that Prickt me.

Some body blaming him for loving of Wh [...]res; would you rather sail in a new Ship, said he, then venture upon one that had made Voyages before.

Antisthenes said, that he drove away his Scholars with a Silver rod, because he took a great deal of Money for teaching.

Xenocrates said, that the Danaides would have been much more punished in the o­ther World, if they were to draw their Pitch­ers full, then empty. Because they would weigh much heavier.

A great talker requesting Bion to under­take his defence: I will do it, replyed he, provided you will not speak a word. As if that were impossible.

Another asking Aristotle, whether he had not tyred him: No, said he, for I did not mind what you spoke. Or, did not hearken to your idle talk.

Diogenes carrying some Figs, met with Plato, and said, you may have Liberty to tast of them; the other eating greedily: I said tast them, [Page 313] and not devour them, added he.

After a tedious and wearysome reading, se­ing the end of the Book; Courage, saies he, I spy the Land.

As others perfumed their Heads, he per­fumed his Feet, and said to those that won­dered at it: It is because smells ascend always.

He said, it was better to be a Lamb, then a Child at Miletus; because the Children there went naked, and the Lambs wore a soft wool­en Garment.

When they would have had him send for his Servant again, Or, run af­ter him. who had left him: It were strange, replyed he, if that my man should be better able to shift without me, then I without him.

A Son of a Whore throwing Stones in the Street: Have a care, said he, thou doest not hit thy Father.

Some body having hit him with a piece of Timber, cryed; have a care: he replyed, have a care thy self, and struck him. The rest is before in Cato.

A wicked Fellow having written over his Door, Let no evil thing enter here: Which way does the Master get in, said he.

A Flat-nosed Fellow shewing him his House, which was very neat and clean, he having oc­casion to spit, did it in his Face, as the Fowl­est part of the House. Others attribute this to Aristippus, but he was too gentile to commic such a sordid action.

Some body coming out of a Tavern, stept in again upon sight of him [...] Doest thou Earth [Page 314] again, said he? There are some render it, thou Sinkest deeper still.

Giving one a Fish to carry, who desired to be his Scholar, and that making him retire out of shame, saies he, a Fish hath destroy'd our Friendship. Others say a Gammon.

Espying a Mouse feeding under his Table [...] What, said he, Diogenes hath his Parasites too?

One asking him, what he would take to let him strike him a Box on the Ear: He replyed, a Helmet. Some add, that having received a blow, he said, I did not think that I had a Head­piece on: To shew he did not resent the injury, un­less it must be interpreted as is before in Socrates.

A Banker having rubbed him soundly with a Cudgel, and telling him, that there was three thousand Dragmes for him in Bank, (which was the Fine for such an Offence;) he bangs the Banker lustily again, and tells him, now keep your money for your self. Or, take your money again.

A little Effeminate Person coming to ask him somewhat; I shall give thee no answer, said he, till I know whether thou beest Male, or Female.

Some body throwing Bones to him, as if he had been a Dog, he presently Pissed upon them, to Act, like a Dog, said he, in all things.

Observing a House belonging to a famous Drunkard was to be sold: I ever believed, said he, that with much Drinking he would Swallow his House at last. Or, that the House so full of Drink would Spue out it's owner in the end.

Finding a Bath that was very Muddy, what [Page 315] Bath do they go into, said he, when they come out of this?

He praised an Artist that every one besides [...]ound fault with: Because, said he, tho he be such a bungler, yet he rather chuses to work [...], then to steal.

An ill Musician he named, the Cock; because when he crows, every one rises. To be gone.

The Stupidity of the Athletiques proceed­ [...]d, as he said, from their eating nothing but Beef and Pork. They used strong meats to [...]ake them sturdy.

When he craved an Alms, his word was, continue your good will, or begin your ap­ [...]entiship.

Of a Centaur that was very ill painted, he asked, Which is the greater Monster, the Beast, [...] the Picture?

He said, that Gold looked Pale; because so [...]any lay in ambush for it.

Meeting a Thief in a Fair, it is, said he, [...] steal or to buy?

Observing a Tree where some Women [...]ere hanged; there are few, said he, that [...]ears so well.

To the Inhabitants of a little City, which [...]d great Gates, he said, Shut up the Gates, [...]st the City run out.

Of an ill Wrestler who was turned Physici­ [...], he said, It was to be revenged of those [...]at had thrown him in the Dirt.

A Prodigal Fellow admiring he should Beg [...] a great Summ of money of him, he told him, [...] was because lie feared that in a short time [Page 316] he would have nothing left to bestow.

Beholding in a School many Pictures of the Muses, and but a few Scholars, saies he to the Master, With the help of the Gods, you have a good Company here. The Muses being Goddesses.

His Master inquiring of him how he would be Buryed; With my face downwards, reply­ed [...]he, for when the World is turned tepsy turvy, then I shall lye right again. The Macedoni­ans were then growing Masters.

Being asked what Dog he was, he replyed, a Mad-dog when I am hungry; and a lap Dog, when my Belly is full.

Being blamed for throwing some Wine out of his Glass. I had rather throw that down, said he, then that should throw me down, Because there was too much, and he feared i [...] would make him Drunk.

Observing the Corinthians employed in For­tifying themselves upon the apprehension of a Siege, he sets himself to removing his Tub [...] That he might not be the only idle Person said he, in so busie a place.

The Painters of old being wont to Write over their Pictures, By the hand of such a one Crates being wounded on his Forehead, pu [...] a Scrowl on with this Writing; By the hand o [...] Nicodromus, which was his name that hurt him.

Zenon said of a drowzy Scholar, that his Father begot him when he was Drunk.

Wondering that his Severity was ever mo­derated when he sat at meals; the bitteres things lose their strength when they are Soak­ed [Page 317] in Liquor, said he. Or, iningled.

A Pyrat taken upon the Coast of Laconia, said in his defence, that he was constrained to take what he needed, because no body would bestow it on him.

A Lady giving a little Dog to a Philosopher to carry that was a Stoick, it was said, that of a Stoick, he was become a Cynical Philosopher. Cynick, is derived from the Greek word, which signifies a Dog.

All being in Debauch at the Marriage of Silius and Messilina, they asked one who was gotten up into a Tree, what he saw? I see, replyed he, a storm towards Ostia, To inti­mate the Emperour was hastning from thence to take vengeance. Valens.

Some body asking what an Hydropick whom he saw standing in the Sun, was doing, it was answered, that he was heating of Water.

Another admiring to see the Children of a famous Painter so ill-favour'd: It [...] replyed some, because he Paints by day-light and gets his Children in the Dark.

A Judge being asked whether a Pine Apple were comprehended within the Gender of other Apples: Yes, replyed he, if it be [...]hrown at Vatinius his Head, Observe he had [...]irbidden to throw any thing but Apples at one [...]mother.

Some body being blamed for letting some White appear in his mourning Cloaths: Tho I do go clad in mourning, replyed he, [...]et I need not refrain eating of White Bread.

[Page 318] Fabius who triumphed after Caesar, causing Wooden Figures, to be carryed in his Tri­umph, of all his places he had taken; where­as Caesars were all made of Ivory; it was said that these Wooden ones, were only the Cases of Caesars Ivory ones.

A Gladiator having miss'd his blow against his Enemy; It was, said some, Because he intends to take him alive.

Augustus saying to a Citizen who was eating at a Publick show: When I have a mind to eat, I go home: That is, because you are not afraid of losing your place, replyed he [...]

That Prince reproving one for having con­founded all his Estate: I thought, said he, i [...] was my own. And a man may spend his own i [...] he please.

One brought into a Court of Justice fo [...] having spoken injurous words against a Per­son of Quality, who was of the Epicurea Sect; his Advocate said no more in his de­fence; but, that he was a Stoick. Because those Philosophers Railed at each other Eternally [...]

Another reproached as for a Crime, that he was forbidden by a great man to enter h [...] Doors: Well, said he, can any body accu [...] me that I have been there since. This is o [...] Grace of an Apophthegme; to turn the question to another sence.

A Lawyer saying to one that reviled him wherefore doest thou bark at me? Because spy a Thief, replyed he. Or, smell a Thie [...]

An ignorant Lawyer, asking whether he ha [...] not moved the Judges to compassion: Yes, sai [...] [Page 319] they, you made them pitty you?

An ill Pay-master, saying to excuse him, that he lived very poorly: Treat your self better, and pay me, said his Creditor.

One desiring to borrow a Cloak of a man who lived in a house where it Rained in every Room for want of repair: I cannot lend you my Cloak said he, because I have business within Doors. Another replyed, if it does not Rain; you want no Cloak; if it does I shall need it my self.

An indulgent Husband pretending to Sleep after Dinner, to give the more liberty to a Person of quality to be free with his Wife: Perceiving a Serving-man take that opportu­nity to steal some Plate. Hold, Friend, said he, I do not Sleep for every one.

Some body telling another that he had bought a Lamprey in Sicily five Foot long: Yes, said he, they are so large in those Coun­tries, that they use them like Girdles to go round the Wast. This is one slight in an Apoph­thegme as I have formerly shewed, to elude one lye with a greater.

It was said, of a Witty, but a deformed man, that his Wisdom was ill lodged.

A Judge being asked his opinion concern­ing a Person that had been taken in the Act of Adultery: I find him a little too lazy said he. This is attributed to Cicero.

A Fellow shewing a great wound in his Thigh, which his Antagonist had given him: I wonder, said his Counsel, he did not hit you in the Belly. To turn it into Raillery by an [Page 320] Ambiguous answer. His Belly being much bigger then his Thigh.

A Fugitive Slave being pursued, and shel­tring himself in a Galley: It is there, said his Master, I would have thee be:

A Thessalian said, the greatest Rogues in his Country, never went to the Wars, To hint that Idleness is the Mother of all mischief.

One that carryed a thing conceal'd, being asked what he had there: I conceal it, said he, on purpose it may not be discovered.

A Jeaster said, that the Effigies of all the good Princes, might be easily graved upon one Finger-ring.

A Roman Lord meeting a stranger that re­sembled him very much, asked him, if his Mo­ther had never been in Rome: No, replyed he, but my Father hath been often there. It it one of the chief excellencies of an Apophtheg­me, to catch a man in the same snare he laid for you.

A Domestick Servant to a Prince threatning a man in his presence and the Prince saying nothing: The Servants words do not Fright me, said he; but the Masters silence.

A Husband who had Marryed an ill favour­ed Wife, for some considerable advantage, having Surprized her with a Gallant: What Reason was there to give me so much, said he, since another does kiss you for nothing?

A man Dreaming that he had seen an Egg lying in some corner of his House, was ad­vised by a Figure-Flinger to dig there upon an assurance he should find hidden Treasure: [Page 321] This having been performed; he afterwards shewing the Conjurer some of the Silver: But, where is the Yolk of the Egg, said he, as [...]dging that there was Gold likewise.

A Plaintif that had but an ill Lawyer, wish­ing him to Drink cold Water to cure him of an Hoarsness: May not that indanger the losing my Voice quite, said he; I had rather, replyed the other, you should lose your speech, then I lose my Cause.

A man condemned to Death, wept; some body, asked him, why doest thou weep? Would you have me Sing, replyed he?

Another muttering at a Prince because his Horse had dashed him all over with Mud going in the Street: Doest thou take me for a Cen­taur, said the Prince, or that my Horse and I [...]are of one piece?

A Rascal reproached an honest man, that he had wept for the Death of a Fish: And you, replyed he, have buryed three Wives without shedding a Tear. The perfection, or delicacy of this Apophthegme lyes in the oppo­sition.

A Roman Lord going to visit the Poet En­nius; that Poet made them say, that he was not within, which made the Lord, another day when the Poet came to wait on him, tell him, himself, that he was not within: Do not I hear your Voice, said Ennius? Thou art very incredulous, replyed he, shewing him­self, for I believed your Maid the other day, when she told me so, and you will not believe me tho I say it my self.

[Page 322]Taking a Labouring Fellow by the Hand, and feeling it very hard, he asked him, Whether he walked on his hands.

A Lawyer examining a witness, said to him: It may be, that he that spoke what you have deposed, spoke it in heat of rage; he agreed to that. It may be, you did not hear the words exactly; he made a sign that that might be so too. It may be possible, added he, that you did not hear him at all; at which a showt was made that quite confounded the Evidence. This is another excellency in an Apophtbegme, to ingage a man insensibly to own himself Ridicu­lous.

Some body accused of Adultery being ty­red with long waiting at a great mans Door: When will he come out of his Chamber, said he. When you leave going to anothers mans Chamber, replyed the other that heard him.

A Senator having said to a Fantastical man that had argued before him; if I contradict your opinion, will you no take it ill? As you sow, you must reap, replyed he.

Another being of opinion in a time of trouble, to make choice of a great Robber for General, but a good Soldier withal; when the party came to give him thanks: You owe no thanks, or obligation to me, said he, I did it because I would rather be robb'd, then kil'd. In the Greek it is sold, because they sold their Slaves, but that would not be understood here.

An old Debauched Fellow, designing to jear a Young man for his being too much finifyed: [Page 323] When wilt thou come to my House, said he, my Pretty little Miss? I dare not replyed the other, my Mother hath forbid me going to visit any Whoremasters. Or, lewd people.

Some body being tyred in the place where they used their Exercises: I wish, said he resting himself, that this were called La­bour.

A Young Gay Lass coming one day to a Feast, at a Persons House who was desperate­ly in love with her, carryed away in a jeasting manner a great deal of the Silver-plate that stood on a side Table: at which the company being somewhat Scandalized: We should thank her, said the owner, for what she has left, for it was in her Power to take it all.

Some complaining to a Captain that his Soldiers had robbed them: Did they leave you nothing, said the Captain? they answer­ed, Yes; they were none of my Soldiers then, replyed he, for they would have taken all away.

An Orator being reproached in a full as­sembly, for having given money to free him­self from some accusations: I do thank the Gods, said he, that in all the time I have been concerned in your affairs, I have not been taxed for taking any thing; but only for giving my own. He avoids the strength of the questi­on by a plausible evasion, which is another perfection of an Apophthegme.

One speaking of his Antagonist in wrestling said, That he managed it so bravely, that when [Page 324] he hath received a fall, he does even persuade the People that it was not he was thrown.

A Prince intending to destroy a City, and seeing a Friend of his coming to endeavour to prevent it, made Oath that he would ne­ver do any thing he should desire in it; but the other hearing his expressions and resolu­tions, intreated him to demolish it; and by that means saved the place.

Another being commanded by the Oracle to Sacrifice the first thing he met, would needs take an Ass-driver for that purpose, whom he met by chance; but the Ass-driver telling him, that the Beast ever went before the driver, the Fellow escaped, and the Ass was Offered.

A Fellow with but one Eye, being joaked at by another with a Bunched-back: Thou bear­est my repartee upon thy Shoulders, said he.

An Orator making a Florid Speech to the Grecians concerning Peace and Unity, some body rising up said; Sirs, it is a strange thing this man should pretend to unite all Greece, since having in his own Family none but his Wife and one Maid-servant, he could never yet persuade them to live a day quietly together.

Another blamed by the People for ordain­ing publick thanks-giving and rejoycing for some news, which after proved false: What great Crime, Sirs, said he, to make you live merrily, or comfortably, three days toge­ther?

[Page 325]It being asked what does Antony since the loss of the last Battle: He does, replyed one, For fear of the Croco­diles in Ny­lus. like the Egyptian- Dogs that Drink running. He retreated in great hast, and yet left not off his Debaucheries.

One accused, defending himself with Ve­hemence; his Accuser, who was an extravagant Person, told him: This Obligation you will owe me, at the least, that I have made you Eloquent: I wish, replyed the other, you could be obliged to me, for making yon Wise.

A great Drinker used to say, that he did not Drink because he was thirsty, but to pre­vent being thirsty.

A most excellent Actor leaving a Town, where they had not given him those high com­mendations he expected: What benefit can a man reap, said he, in a place, where they are not liberal even in things that costs them nothing? He meant Applause and Commen­dations.

One being Landed in a very bad Island, This Island was neither Scotland: Nor I [...]e­land, I suppose. asked his Host. Whether they did not banish guilty People from thence? who saying, Yes; why doest not thou commit some Crime quick­ly then, replyed he, to be the sooner Banish­ed?

A man observing an Oratory nigh a muddy Bath: Sure they go thither to give thanks, said he, as soon as they have escaped out of that Bogg. Or, myre.

Another going out of a very Debauched Town in the Evening, said, It was, because [Page 326] it were a shame to go out of an ill place, till the twylight.

Some body walking very demurely thorough a Town that was full of Catch-Poles, said, it was for fear he should justle any one of them.

A Fisher-man being told, that the Sea was common to all men: True, replyed he, but the Fish belongs to those that Catch them.

It was said, of an insipid Speech, that in a whole torrent of Fine words, there was not one drop of good Sence.

Some body Laughing because he saw others Laugh, being asked, why he Laughed: It is because I am persuaded they do not Laugh without a cause.

A Prince reproaching of one, that he was always begging of somewhat: This is, be­cause I never remember I have asked, said he, when they give me nothing.

A Parasite belonging, or being a hanger on to a great man, seeing his Master wounded in the Thigh, of which he dyed, said, The same Weapon, that Stabb'd him in the Thigh, Stabb'd me in the Belly. Or, cut my Throat.

A Master in some want, having frighted one of his Servants: I will take my turn to Fright him, said he, and asked him for some money.

Some body said of black Bread, brought to the Table, it was not so truly Bread, as the shadow of Bread.

A man pretending to relate an Apophthegme, said, that one going to visit his Friend in [Page 327] want, conveyed a bag of money under his Pil­low, it was told him, this was not a good saying, but a good Action. I have adjusted it after this manner, to make it an Apoph­thegme.

A Creditor enraged against his debtor, who did not pay him, swore he would make him repent; the other swore he should not, and paid him,

A man who was maintained by an old Woman, being jeasted withal for his grow­ing so over Fat: What should I come to, if I lay alone then, said he: Thou wouldest grow too lean, said one to him. Because he would starve for want.

Some body Drinking a small Wine, tho it were old: Said it is very small for it's Age.

Two men Scuffling for a Whore: Let not the vanquished weep, said she, for the van­quisher shall pay most. Or, it shall cost him dearest.

Phryne being grown old, said, that good Wine was Drinkable till it came to the sees. It is storyed of her, that playing with some other Curtezans at a sport, where every one is obliged to do, what the first begins, she Washed her Face, and thereby discovered their wrinckles and de­formities, which their Paint had concealed.

A Young man turned out of Doors by a Curtezan, made great and expensive prepa­rations to Force her House: at which, she in derision said; You needed but to bestow that money upon me, and I had let you come in quietly.

[Page 328]A Painter having promised the best Picture he had, to one that had no judgment in Paint­ing, she on a sudden told him, that his House was on Fire, and chose the first that he endeavoured to save. This is like the Ar­tifice to know the best Puppy of a whole litter sometimes used, or of any other such like Creature, the Dam ever carrying away the best first out of the danger.

A Curtesan having laid a wager she would tempt a Philosopher; finding she failed in the design: I thought, said she, it had been a man, and not a Statue. Or, a Philosopher, not a Stone.

A Prince bragging of some Prefents made him by a Lady somewhat stricken in years: My Grand-mother, said another, will give you Richer Presents, if you will make love to her.

An Actor making a false gesture on the Stage, they cryed out to him, he made a Sole­cisme with his hand.

It has been said of Poetry and Painting, that he that could deceive best, was the most wor­thy. Because that is the end of those Arts.

One being sent back by a Prince without his Errand, who came to demand money; desired, when he took his leave, that he might have some Guard to secure him from Rob­bery. This was a Scoff; for having received no money, there was no danger of being Robb'd.

A Senator under a pretence of liberty, hav­ing in the open Senate, said a thousand Flat­tering things of a Prince who was there, he [Page 329] was asked, Whether he did not [...]ear he might lose his life, for his liberty. In the Original it is, your liberty will cost you your life. The Prince being a Iealous and Suspicious man.

As they were reproaching a General of an Army for his running away: It was, Sirs, re­plyed he, because I would not leave you. As much as to say, they ran away first.

A Lacedemonian being asked wherefore he Drank so Sparingly at a Feast: To lead those home again, that will be Drunk, replyed he. It has been said so in general of the Lacedemoni­ans, because they were no great Drinkers.

A Poet taking a great deal of pains, to Praise Castor and Pollux, in a Panegyrick he wrote upon another; he to whom it was de­signed gave him but the one half of what he had promised, and when he grumbled; Let Castor and Pollux, said he, pay you the re­mainder, Or their share:

Denis the Tyrant reading some sorry Rhy­mes to Philoxenes to have his approbation: Let me be sent back again to the Quarrys, said he. As much as to say, he would rather be sent to dig as a Slave in the Quarrys again, then be obliged to approve of what he thought did not de­serve it: He had been once before condemned to that Slavery for the liberty of his Tongue: But the Tyrant took this for a piece of Gallantry, as in­deed Philoxenes intended it, and did not punish him for it.

As it was the Custom of those who were made Free from Slavery, to give some Pre­sent to their Patrons, when they marry'd [Page 330] their Daughters, or designed any enterprize [...] one of Augustus his freed-men, having writ­ten down the Summ in a Note, that Prince altered the Figures, and made it twice as much; at which the other being surprized, made yet no difficulty to pay it; but the next time, he put down in his Note. What you please.

Chrysipus shaking his Legs at a great Feast, and notwithstanding making most excellent discourses, the maid Servant attending said, that nought but his Legs were Drunk.

A great man being accused for making defence for a wicked Fellow in a Court of Justice: Why, said he, an honest man, does not need any one to defend him. Because they commit no Crimes.

He said, if it were a sign of Wit to Babble much, the Swallows, or Daws, Parrots and Magpies, were to be prized.

Some Judges having for Bribes absolved a guilty Person, after they had required a Guard that they might give their opinions freely: Is it, said Catullus, that you were a­fraid lest the money should be taken from you which was given to corrupt you?

One said to an ill reader; when you read, you sing; and when you sing, you sing scur­vily.

Some body that would be thought hand­some, and was no so, asking a Philosopher, if a wise man ought to love: No, replyed he, unless he be as handsome and well shaped as thy self.

[Page 331]A Philosopher said of a Debauchee who had eaten up all his estate; That the Earth had swal­lowed up Amphiaraus, but this man had swallowed his Land.

A rich man having treated a Philosopher very magnificently, excused his profuseness, and laid it upon the Score of his over great plenty and Riches: Would you, replyed he, excuse your Cook for over-Salting your Meat, or Sauce, upon this account of having more Salt then was needful.

A man of Quality presenting his Son most curiously drest to a Philosopher: He is very pretty, said he, but he resembles his Mo­ther.

Some body speaking to him in the old Di­alect: Are you not ashamed, said he, to talk to me in Agamemnon's Language, when I speak in our own?

One Laughing at him for shewing some fear at his going into a Bath which was too hot: Why, said he, this is not like venturing ones life for ones Country.

A Lewd Fellow being twitted that he wait­ed for his Father's Death to pay his creditors: I do not wait for it, replyed he: Pray God thou mayst wait for it, answered another, As fearing he might hasten it, by making him away.

Philopemen being sound by his Servants draw­ing Water out of a Well: I am paying the re­ward due to my ill countenance, said he. It hapnin g that he coming to his Inn before any of his train [...] the Maid who knew him not, by his ill meen [Page 332] took him for some ordinary Fellow, and pray'd him to draw her some Water, she being very busie to provide things against the arrival of Philo­pemen.

A Thracian Prince being sollicited by both Parties during the Wars of Troy, advised Pa­ris to yeild up the Lady, and said, he would give him two for one.

A Rascal telling Lelius, that he was unwor­thy of his Ancestors: And thou worthy of thine, replyed he.

A Roman Knight interrogated by a Censor, how he came to be so Fat, and his Horse so Lean: It is, replyed he, because my man looks to my Horse, and I look to my self. He was fined for this answer.

One reformed from his Debaucheries by a fit of Sickness, said, that if he had not been Sick, he had been Dead.

Sertorius being retreated at the coming of Metellus, after he had beaten Pompey: Had it not been for this old man, said he, I would have curryed that Child to some purpose. The one was very old, the other very Young.

A Courtier being at a Princes Table, and having a mind to Eat of a great Fish at the upper end, took a little one and held it to his Ear: Being desired to tell what he meant by that, I only asked this a question, and it replies it knows nothing of it, but I must inquire of it's Grandfather at the upperend of the Table there.

Some applauding a King for his ability in great Drinking: That's a commendation for a Spunge, said one, and not for a Prince.

[Page 333]A Philosopher turned out of his Country for his speaking too freely, said, he was more unfortunate then the Crickets, who might Sing as long as they pleased and none controul­ed them.

Of a most excellent Actor, it was said, that he spoke with his Hands. Or, rather a Panto­nimick.

A Captive Philosopher, observing a little Effeminate Fellow a-Bargaining for him: Do, buy me, said he, for thou needest a man.

One of the Ancients called run-away Soldi­ers, Hares in Armour.

A Thief having Robbed one, said to the owner of the Goods by way of excuse: I did not know the things I Stole belonged to you: But you knew, replyed he, that they belonged not to your self.

A Poet said, he had two Chests at Home, one to hold praises, or compliments, and the other for money: And that he found the first alwayes full, but the other quite empty. A­gainst such as pay with excuses and meer Ceremo­ [...]ies, but deny just rewards.

Another said, he did not desire his Works should be read by the ignorant, nor by the Critical; because the first understood too lit­tle, the others too much. Or, because the first cannot spye the Beauties, and the others lay open all [...] be Defects.

An importunate Poet reading some Verses, and having a great many more to read, ask­ing of a sudden, of him that sate by, which were [Page 334] the best? Those you have not yet read, reply­ed he. Because he had not been troubled with them.

Some body pretending to be Learned, because he conversed with Learned men, was told, that a man was not Rich by frequenting Rich People.

A man making a seeming Apology for a Doctor of Physick that was too Rash, said, He did not use to make his Patients Languish long. That Science has been defined, The Art of kill­ing men by Authority: And Plato said, that lying was as necessary in them, as in the Po­liticks.

A Scholar having promised a Rhetorician to pay him down a certain Summ, when he had taught him the Art of perswasion: The Master finding he delay'd it too long, Sued him at Law, grounding his assurance of Success on this Presumption; that if he should persuade the Judges that he owed him nothing, then he would be obliged to pay it, because he had the Art of Persuasion, and if he could not per­suade them, then he lost his Cause. But he answered with the same way of reasoning: If I can persuade them, I shall pay nothing, be­cause I gain my Cause; and if I cannot persuade them, then he is to have nothing because he has not taught me the Art of persuasion.

One of the Ancients said, that none bu [...] Ghosts would attack the dead. To hint that no man ought to write against such as were no more.

A Prince Learning Musick upon some Instru­ment, having sounded one String for another [Page 335] and taking it ill that his Master reproved him for it: If you play as King, said he, you may strike what Strings you please; but if as a Mu­sician, you are in the wrong.

One said, the Sea is pleasant to behold; but then you must look upon it from a safe Port.

Another said, a man is not so Lame, tho he were crippled both in Hands and Feet, as when he is so in his Purse. Because nought can be done without money.

It hath been said of Alexanders Picture, that the Alexander of Philip was invincible, and that of Apelles inimitable.

A Lacedemonian seeing some men besiged, who made no sallies, asked, whether the Wo­men had lock'd up the Gates after the Death of their Husbands.

Apelles said of a Painter who boasted that he Painted quick; Yes, it appears plainly. Or, 1 see it.

A man interrogated at a Feast, wherefore he was so mute; that others may have time to talk their fill.

A Musician said, that if others knew the great delight he took in Singing, instead of giving him money for it, they would ask him to give them some.