SCARBROƲGHS Spagyrical Anatomizer dissected.

OR AN ANSWER To all that Dr. Tonstal hath Objected in his Book against Scarbrough Spaw.

The Innocency and Excellency of that Spaw is further asserted

  • 1. Concerning the Rise and Growth of the Art of Physick,
  • 2. Touching the Causes of the Petrifying Property that is in some Springs, and more especially that of the Dropping well at Knaresbrough.
  • 3. About the Signs, Symptomes and Cures of Diseases.

As also Reflections upon a late Piece, called a Vindication of Hydrologia Chymica.

By Robert Wittie Doctor in Physick.

London. Printed by B. G. for Nath. Brooke at the An [...]el in Cornhil and R. Lambert at Mini­ster-Gate in York, Anno Dom. 1672.

To the Right Honourable JAMES Earl of Suffolk, JOHN Lord Roos, Son and Heir to the Earl of Rutland, and JAMES Lord Annesley, Son and Heir to the Earl of Anglesey.

My Lords,

I Am once more ingaged to appear again in Publick, in defence of Scarbrough Spaw, which is now accused to be a dangerous Water; and what fitter Judges of this Controversie can be found out then your Lordships, who have tried it, and found it not only most Innocent, but Excel­lent. My ultimate and highest Appeal is therefore to your Honours, since two of your Lordships do bear its Testimony within you.

As for you my Lord Annesley, though I cannot say this last of your Lordship, since you did not drink of it out of any necessity, but for company of your Noble Brother the last Summer: yet this I may say, your Lordship [Page]had an ill share of it, if it have the faults that some have ascribed to it. And farther, your Acute Judgment and Excellent Lear­ning wherewith you are qualified for the Highest Service of your Prince and Country when called, renders your Lordship a most competent Judge of this Subject, beyond all Imposition. And the Favourable Aspect which then both your Lordships were pleased to Grace this Discourse and its Author withal, do justly challenge this my Thankful and Publick Acknowledgment. I humbly beg of all your Lordships the Acceptance of this, in token of the great Service and Honour I owe you, for all your Noble Favours vouch­safed to

York June 3. 1671.
My Lords,
Your Lordships most humble Servant R. WITTIE.

To the Reader.

MEthink I hear some object that my Answer to this Book comes too late, so as I might have spared my self this labour, a return being last Summer made thereto, in a piece called A Vindication of Hydrologia Chymica. To which I reply, Sat cito si bene sat, it is soon enough if it be well enough. This was finished in June last, as some Persons of Honour do know, before that came out, but was thought fit to be supprest t [...]ll the year came about, when the Wa­ters here treated of might become the common subject of discourse. And further I shall say, if my An­swer be but like that, then have I lost my labour, and thou thy mo­ney, for in the judgement of learn­ed [Page]men, it will (with that) deserve nothing but to be imployed in the most homely us [...]s.

That Author is scarce satisfied with any thing that this sayes, save only where he opposes and girds at me. What the one calls the Glebe of Alome, the other calls the Mine­ra of Iron. The one calls the Salt of Alome an Alkali, the other an Acid Salt. The one affirms an Aci­dity to be in Nitre, the other de­nies it; nor do their reasons con­vince each other. Thus it appears they do not well understand the Terms of the Art they profess; and truly when men run careers in the dark, its no wonder to have them justle. And though they differ, yet its pretty sport to see how they claw one another with the frequent Title of Ingenious Friend, while yet I am not allowed to dissent, be my reasons never so cogent, but I am called out of my name by the young [Page]man with unscholar-like reproach­es, and new invented stories, that have not the least pretence of truth in them.

The great fault they find in Scarb. Spaw, and which they reckon to be its disparagement, is the great quantity of Mineral sediment that remains after evaporation over the fire. I declare I never saw harm come from thence. The only fault I know in that Spring, is that it is placed in an angle of the Kingdom, at so great distance from London, and the midland Counties, where if providence had ordered it, be­ing found to have the vertues both of Epsam and Tunbridge, it would have been more known, and better trusted then now it is.

Now though like Sampson's f [...]xes they turn tails of one another, yet they agree in this, to fire their neighbors Corn, and causelesly to disparage the Spring, revenging [Page]their Schism upon themselves by separating from one another, as they do both from the truth. And though Mr. S. can hardly close with Dr. Y. S. arguments against the Spaw, yet out of design he suppo­ses somewhat of it may be true, on purpose to make room for himself, and so undertakes to give rules of advice to those that come there; where he says no more then what may sure such subjects in general, but wisely refers the Patients to advise with those that understand their cases better. At last he proves most ingenious, and calls it a noble Spaw, wherewith he would im­prove other Spaws, even that at Knaresbrough, (p. 152.) by dissol­ving the Salts of Scarbrough water to make it more effectual. Why could not he say so before? — but however Nunquam sera est, &c. And 'tis honestly said, let the mi­nerals be wh [...]t and how many they [Page]will: of which more anon. My re­ply is this in a word; Quod efficit tale, illud est magis tale.

But I may not pass that [...] of mine, the Author of the Vindi­cation of Hydrol. Chymica, and his Book without a further survey. That Hydrol. Chymic. is little else then a Rapsody of Railing first against me, about my Book of the Spaw, and then against the Galenists and their Method. To that Book I gave Answer, justifying what I had writ about the Principles of the Spaw, and at last after a great deal o [...]bad language that he had given me for assisting them, I found him recanting in his Epilogue, and confessing them all. I also maintained the Honour and Reputation of those worthy Gentlemen the Galenisis, and their method of Physick, (who deserve a better Champion) both from Reason, and also the Authority of the most eminent among the [Page] Chymists, who all go that way. Nor has that Discourse been unwelcome to the Nation, but I have had thanks from many private Gentlemen, both of our own Faculty and others, yea and from some publick Societies of Learned men. Now when I had so fully discovered his errors to him, an ingenious man would rather have repented and cried peccavi, then writ a vindication: what faults he made there, he has aggravated in this with more gross circum­stances.

He charges my quotations of Au­thors to be impertinent, or their sense to be perverted, o [...] their words falsly translated.— This I expected he would say, if any thing, for he has front enough to deny the conclusi­on, where he cannot stand against the premises. The truth is, I was very careful in my collections of Authority, fetching every thing from the fountains and not from the [Page] streams, even from the original Au­thors themselves, whose very pages in things most material I usually cited, on purpose to stop his cla­mour. Nor have I designedly wrest­ed in any one place the sense of any one Author. Nor have I falsly trans­lated a word, or added a tittle more then what was necessary to preserve the idiome of each lan­guage, or make the sense intelli­gible to common Readers. I appeal to the Learned who have read my Book, who are most competent Judges betwixt us.

Nor is it material what he ob­jects to the contrary ( p. 41.) where I citing a place out of Paracelsus concerning Minerals and Mettals imbibed in water, he says I added by a Parenthesis (dissolved in wa­ter) I therefore did put them into a Parenthesis, because they are not expressed in the Latin among those words, but they are so necessarily [Page]implied, as the Authors sense would be lost if I had not expressed them; and the following words do plain­ly make it out, viz. Haecenim aqua sunt, &c. (lib. 4. cap. 1. de cres­centibus Aquis p. 271.

So again in the same page where I cite Paracelsus speaking of vitriol, (id si in Aquam resolva [...]ur colorem omnem deponit) he quarrels at the translation of the word (in) which should be (into) and imposes se­verely upon me for it — Whe­ther it was omitted in my Copy or by the Printer, it matters nor a­mong Men of Reason, since there can be nothing gained by it: but certainly its not so pedantick as pu [...] ­rile, and argues a desperate s [...]ip­wrack of his Cause, while he has no better Ancher-hold to stick by, then the defect of an insignificant Particle.

He tells a story in his Preface, which for fureness of memory he [Page]repeats again in his Book, that in a debate about the Existence of Vi­triol in the Spaw, I was put to such a strait to defend it, that after some passion of fear, aiscovered by a sudden paleness in my face, I had no other refuge but to fly to the ipse dixit of Dr. Tonstal, and said he told me it was Vitriol last year. Will any man of reason believe that he whom I so lately lashed about in my Book, and that among others about this very thing, and catched him in nine­teen contradictions, besides other absurdities, should on the sudden become so formidable to me, while yet he urged nothing but what I had answered in my Book? And yet hence he indeavours to per­swade, that I had published nothing concerning that Mineral, but what I had borrowed from Dr. T. Con­cerning that debate I could say something from the testimony of the Gentlemen then present, of [Page]their disrelish of his arguments and behavior, insomuch as some of them hissed at him. But I shall only offer this at present, that I have been acquainted with that Spaw above thirty years, and am known to many to have always asserted Vitriol, upon the Reasons menti­oned in my Books. And in Anno 1660. my first Edition of Scarb. Spaw came out, with my reasons for that mineral among the rest, which is now eleven years. Now Dr. Tonstal I think never saw this Spring till the year 1668. when he came to me, and confessed himself a stranger to it, asking my advice about his Wife; then did I con­vince him of all the minerals in the Spring, so as he was satisfied abun­dantly at that time, which gave me occasion to mention his name in my Answer to Hyd. Chym. p. 107. So as in that debate I asked him the question, what say you to this, in [Page]Anno 1669. But then his mind was changed, and the Vitriol was be­come Nitre, querying also whether the Spaw were better if it had Vi­triol or no; which I told him was a new subject, and required longer debate. Now what ground there is for this his charge, that my ap­peal should be to him, as having that notion from him, let any man of reason judge, and thereby take measure of the temper of this man, and consequently of his cause which needs such supports. I am certain I shall find Dr. Tonstal just towards me in this point, if any man shall enquire of him.

But he forges another figment arising from my fear of him about the Vitriol, when the Chymical Apo­thecary taking a piece of Alome-stone out of the vitrioline bed that is in the cliff, and putting it into water with gall, found it strike a black tincture, inferring thence that [Page] the Tincture in the Water was from the Alome, and that there was no Vitriol. I answered, so would the earth in that place give a tincture, but neither earth nor the 100. loads of Alome that are in that cliff else­where would do it; here they cla­moured extreamly, but upon that he sayes, that I was so touched to the quick, that I called the Apothecary aside, and said, if Mr. Simpson would lay down the cudgéls, I would not only look upon him as a Brother, but also when occasion should offer, would sooner take him into consulta­tion then any other. — Really such a thing was never in my heart, nor did I in my judgement think him equal with the meanest of all the Brethren of our Faculty in these parts, as to the practical part of Physick, though by this Artifice I guess his design is to level them all. But the ground of the story is this.

This Apothecary after my Book in Answer to Mr. S. was come out, came to me at Scarbrough, and told me he had read my Book, &c. and had made that Errand to me to Endeavor a Reconciliation betwixt us, desiring carnestly, that we might be in Cha­rity, and joyn hand in hand, as there should be occasion. — I told him I had said what I intended, and my Vitriol and Gall were spent in those lines, and if he were so satisfyed, and did desire it, I could embrace him in all Christian Charitie even as a Bro­ther (following that rule of our Sa­viour Mat. 18.22. and farther that I would not refuse to joyn with him, if we were consulted together, as with any other. Thus I thought my self on that occasion obliged to say, and repeat as often as he urged the motion: But to wrest that my readi­ness to comply in a Christian duty into a Pusillanimos dast ardy is both unchristi­an and unreasonable.

Are not these dangerous men that I have to deal withall, from whom a man shall find nothing short of the lie cast in his face? I say again, there is no plainer signe of a desperate Cause, then when men seek out such a re­fuge.

But he sayes I supplyed my defect of Arguments with Taunts and Scoffs at him. — As for my Arguments, he is not fit to be a Judge of them; they lye at the mercy of the judicious Reader to whom I submit all, for I am as litle apt to defend my own defects, as to search our those of others. — I must confess I did think slightly of that Adversary, from whom I had received such rude language without a cause, and there­fore I thought fit to go merily on with him, both for my own recreation and the Readers, having a minde as tis said of the Poets, aut prodesse aut delectare, as the motter did lead me. Not have I spoken to any mans disad­vantage out of the least design or ani­mosity, [Page]and therefore though possibly I need the Readers pardon, yet I expect [...]one from him. But if my Passions went hand in hand with the interest of Truth which I design to maintain and stand by, I hope that will plead for me, and procure me a pardon from all that are ingenuous, and profess themselves Lovers of Truth.

There are many more ridiculous girds against me in that Book called Vindication, &c. not worthy to be mentioned, which the wise Reader will discern to be sufficiently scurri­lous.

But to proceed. What have we in that Book, to Vindicate his abuse and contempt of Galen, Hippocrates, Dios­corides, and all the Learned Princes in Phisick, and our Modern Writers too, with their method, which I have defended, ( p. 205.) against his manifold Ca­lumnies? But what aggravates his crime, he persists in the same, and after reproof, yet hardens his heart; unless [Page]we shall believe that Catilines latter Conspiracy were sufficient to vindi­cate his former; or that Crimes are justified by Majoration.

How does he Vindicate himself from that shameful guilt of deriding those of our Faculty that travaile beyond Sea to study in Forreign Vniversities, and his Scurrilous gibing at those Learned Professors about their Readings to the young Students, whom he se­verely taxes with ignorance at their return. ( p. 206.) What dos he say for himself, in that he trampled upon the Universities, and all the Arts, calling it a trifling of time at the Universities, ( p 107. in the frothy Studies of Logick, Ethicks, Physicks, and Metaphisicks? for all which things I have chastised him in my Answer; but it apears, not enough.

Had these things been known in that neighbour University beyond Sea, where, after a Fourthnights so jour­ning, and a private Examination like [Page]that of Schoolboyes when they are admitted Freshmen into our Colledg­es, he was dubd with a degree Sub Camino, to wit, under the Chimney, as I heard himself confess to a Learned Scotch-man, Mr. Richard Douglas, who was well acquainted with the Cu­stomes of that Universitie: So called Sub Camino, on purp [...]se to distinguish it from that degree of Honour which is taken publikely in the Schools, and which the Scholes of that nation scorn to take, but is conferred only on Gen­tlemen or Noble mens Servants who have a mind to see the Ceremonies; and signifies no more, then if one of our Professours should jocularly make a Doctor in his Chamber, to gratifie some Friends in shewing them the Ceremonies of that degree, and ought not to set as a Title in a Book. I say had these things been known, we had not heard of this Leaden Title, the publication whereof gave occasi­on to the setting out of this imperti­nent [Page]Piece; nor is it to be accounted any increase of his Reputation to have added this to his Batchelors of Arts de­gree. I mention this on purpose to give a caution to the Heads of our Ʋniver­sities, that when they admit Gentle­men ad eundem gradum, they may di­stinguish betwixt that degree taken in the Schools, and that sub Camino, since they have not any degree of that metal.

I hope no man that has a value for Learning will misinterpret this digres­sion, which is designed meerly to pre­serve the Honour of School-Degrees, which is one main spur to the study of the Arts.

But I may not pretermit his vain­glorious challenge he sends me, to take an equal number of Patients with me of them that come to the Spaw, and which of us should make the best and speediest Cure should wear the Bayes. — Ay, this is that he would fain be at, to try Experiments on mens Bodies, which he proposed before in his Hydrol. Chym. [Page]and for which I did a little school him, p. 262. of my Answer. But assuredly his tools he works withal are so well known, even by his own description of them in that Book, that no wise man is willing to try their temper. But where is Modesty all this while? surely that Vertue has left the Earth, or Young Men whom it would well be­come, having put on Impudence instead thereof, being past both Counsel and Correction, hereby verifying that old Adage, Qui semel Modestiae limites transiliit, nisi cito castigetur, gnaviter evadet impudens.

Concerning Cures I have done at the Spaw, I have writ at large in my first Book, and modestly too, and have further occasion to mention more in this, and could be much more copi­ous if it were needful, having been sufficiently tried in that particular; and if he be not satisfied, he may fur­ther enquire, and then make report. Ahab King of Israel has left a good [Page]Rule, Let not him that puts on his Ar­mour boast like him that puts it off. 1 Kings 20.11.

I remember I once cured a mad man at Scarb. with the help of the Water, and some other things that I added, who being very poor, was sent to me above fifty miles, at the Parishes charge where he had lived. If such an one should come, perhaps he might be content to be managed by him, but I suspect scarce any man short of him (except his Relations) will make such a choice.

But I hasten. This Book called A Vindication, &c. is like a Beggars cloak made up of many patches, (as his manner of writing is) that have no de­pendency on one another, but are here drawn in together to make a medley.

He tells a long story about the ma­king of Alome at Whitby. Concerning which Captain Francis Cummin who is the manager of those works, did of his ow [...] accord, and without asking [Page]tell me, there is not any thing of truth [...] it, and Mr. John Thomlinson who [...]ves also in Whitby, and is the Alome Merchant, asserts the same.

Next he has his supplements to the Sweet Spaw and Sulphur well at Knares­ [...]rough: A large disquisition that seems; for just nothing but to keep him im­pertinently busie, and set his wits a working. But I am loth to interrupt him in that enquiry, since 'tis to be doubted, if he had not that to do, he would do worse.

Then he gives an Answer to certain Queries ingeniously propounded by Dr. Foot, concerning the cause of the sudden loss of the vertues of Mineral Waters, mentioned in Numb. 52. of the Philos. Transact. p. 1050. in refe­rence to the Enlarged Account of my Book, the Learned Publisher thereof was pleased to give ( Num. 51.) Dr. Foot's main Query is, Whither all those sorts of waters being close stopped, or car­ried to some distance, do not let fall a [Page]yellowship sediment, or Ochre, and so be­come effete in their vertues, or lose their purging property. He answers in the affirmative, p. 122. and that in refe­rence to Scarb. Spaw, which he pre­tends to make out by Experiments. I answered negatively, as may appear in Numb. 60. of the Phil. Trans. p. 1079. and therein I appeal to all those hun­dreds of Witnesses who have drunk Scarb. Water at distance, Whether they do not find a yellow sediment in the bottom of their vessels, and yet the water continues purgative. And to make sure work, he repeats the same again ( p. 126.) in Answer to the eighth Query. But thus the Reader may plainly discern what measure of Knowledge this Man has in Scarbrough Spaw, while he understands not this main point wherein Scarbrough Wa­ter differs from others of this Nation. And then what cause there was for all the heat and rude language that he has given me about that subject.

There again ( p. 127.) he severely [...]cuses me to have said these words, [...]. That Scarb. Waters lose all their [...]rtue, yea and their quantity and bulk also, though in glasses and under the Her mitick Seales, if removed from the Fountain. Let him find those words, or that sense either, and Ile be his Bond man. If any man has mistaken me, it is not my fault. In pag. 100. of my Answer, to which that seems to refer, I admit of an alteration by car­riage through the loss of the volatile parts or spirits; but I do not therefore say, they lose all their vertue, for they purge still, only I think they open not obstructions so well, nor are so plea­sant to the palate. I tell indeed that Frambesarius and Heers do affirm, that the German Waters carried at di­stance, though closely sealed up in Bottles, lose something of their bulk and quantity; but I did not affirm that of Scarbrough, only infered that my assertion touching the loss of [Page]the volatile Spirits was no Paradox, while those other are lessened even in their quantity. But he has accustomed me to bear such charges, and there­fore I am the better provided to un­dergo them.

Then he tells how he Anatomized the German Spaw in Amsterdam, where probably he is opinionated that he has made some great discovery: and lastly he concludes with his Observa­tions on the Dissection of a woman who died of the Jaundice, when he wonders at every thing that he Saw, as Ston [...]s in the Gaul, Schirrus on the Heart, and so he might well, for I be­leeve it was the first; (though I do not charge him for that, since he is wil­ling to learn, notwithstanding in his other Book I found him spurning at A­natomy.) So he tels us of the under part of the Left Lobe of the Liver, but he forgot to say that it was done with a left handed Knife.

But he tells us he saw something [Page]more, and that was, another woman Dissected there that dyed of a Syncope, I suppose so will he; Although he says its more then Probable that she dy'd o [...] some other disease. — It seems some­thing there was that made the old w [...] die. But the Schirrus tumour [...] or the Heart sticks on his Stomach, ai [...] he cannot digest it, for he tells of [...], of lies again, yet so confusedly, as its hard to judge whether he means that Heart did belong to the latter or the formed woman. But it may be he was in hafted and so am I to have done with h [...]m [...] At last he tells how the cause of that Jaundice was variously disputed, b [...] he sayes in such a portion of language as will make any man laugh, be [...]e never so grave.

The truth is his whole Book is no­thing else then [...], a clattering of fond words. Or if you [...] please like the shearing of a Svvi [...] where there is a great Cry, but lit [...] [Page]Wool. What do his multitudes of Experiments signifie, vverein he so much prides himself? just nothing if they vvere true and vvould certainly fall out. I think never any man loved more to hear himself talk, and what he fancies must be presently published, be it true or false, real or imaginary; and like a Child he will have every one to know that he has a Rattle.

I have but one word in reference to this other Author D.T. and then I have done. He has more severely disparag'd the Spaw then the other, but he pro­ducesno testimony but from his own experience, which in Reason cannot be judged Authentick enough, especially when I come to examine it. I have Right Honourable, Right Worshipful, Reverend, and Welbeloved on my side to witness with me; if ever he shall let fly again to accuse the Water of any Faults, it is but reasonable that he should name his Witnesses and their [Page]Qualities or Reputation; for his own Magisterial Affirmation will not be deemed sufficient.

And if either of these two Gentle­men shall yet further abound in their own sense, and rejoyn, it shall be a ve­ry great povocati on that shall make me reply having said enough upon this Subject, and perhaps as much as it can well bear, unless I shall be hurried un­to Tautalogies, which I love not, though probably some body else may give Answer. And indeed it seems to me to be very reasonable at length to put an end to Disputing. Ne nimium alter cando veritas amittatur, as Ma­crobius sayes. Besides that I am wea­ry of the interruption of my other Practical Studies. Farewel.

York. June 3. 1671.

AN ANSWER To all that D. TONST ALL Has Writ, or shall hereafter Writ, Against SCARBROƲGH SPAW.

PLutarch reports of Themisto­cles, that while he was young he was often wont to say, that he had not yet done any thing Notable, for as much as he had not contracted Envy, nor met with any Opposition: I am not conceited of any thing that I have done, (so for a I [Page 2]know my own Heart) but yet if I may take alm a Posteriori, from the Envy and Opposition that I have met with a­bout writing upon the Subject of the Spaw at Scarbrough, it will appear there is somewhat in't, more than at first I thought on. I am sure of one thing, I have discovered a very Notable Wa [...]r, and therein with all fidelity have en­deavoured to serve my Country. If I erred in the manner of doing, 'twas much against my will, yet I have heard on't to the purpose.

At the first, a Confederacy threw dirt in my Face, which I hope I have wash­ed off in a good measure; Now comes Doctor Tonstall, and he throws dirt in the Spaw, but it being a Quick-spring, 'twill in time work it our, though I should be silent, as indeed at the first coming out of his P [...]ece (intituled, Scarbrough Spaw Spagyrically anatomi­zed) I had thought to have done, and so to have contented my self with the ingenious Answer, of one to a like piece Vidi & Risi, since the weakness of his Arguments, and meanness of his design as: obvious to every Reader. [Page 3]Yet being done by a Brother of the f [...]culty, and such an One as of whom I had before given an Honourable Te­ [...]imony, (though he has now changed his mind) and observing that some few if facile Tempers, or weaker Judge­ments were a little startled at somwhat that he has objected against the Spaw, I judged it necessary to convince my Brother of his Errour, and to cleanse the Spaw of the dirt he has left in it, wherein though my work is like that of Hercules, when he cleansed the Au­gean Stable, yet my Labour is nothing like his, for I shall wind up all in a few sheets.

He says in his Preface, he wou'd have what he has written to serve as an Appen­dix to my Latine Copy, which I have pro­mised on the Spaw, and he would cloth it in like Fashion. Dr. Tonstalt singles out the Author by name. — Thus he has called me out to a publick encounter with him, without any previous Provocati­on given on my side.— I hope he will so do as here he says, when he shall be desired, and there is need; in the mean time I shall say with Africa­ [...]us, Non amo nimium diligentes.— He [Page 4]has seen somewhat of what I have done in that point, and here we have such an Essay of his Art, that he must give me some time to demur, before I call for his help.

He professes himself to be my Friend, and therefore I'le treat him accordingly, and in point of Friend­ship will mildly endeavour to clear up his Eye-sight, that he may discern what is Truth, and so set him right in his way.

He says he walks uniformly betwixt my Library and Master Sympson Labo­ratory, otherwise he should suspect him­self for a lame Physician.— I am glad my Friend is so well fitted for his Em­ployment; he is an Ambidexter, & in utrumque paratus: a Janus that looks both ways, Quem nulla ciconia pinsit. He has a two-edged Sword, with which he cuts down Diseases, a Library, and a Labora [...]ory. Hippocrates and Helmont (he says) are the two great Lights that rule in his Hemisphere.— No mar­vel then if he sees more than the most of his B e bren, ( vide p. 14. and 42.) where he applauds himself and taxes [Page 5]them, and more into Scarbrough Spaw in two Summers, than I in thirty: Let no man henceforth suspect him for a same Physician.

Galen is slieghted by Doctor Tonstall. Only Galen he is not taken withal, whose Method he'l allow to be no fur­ther Rational, then as he writes after the old man his Masters Copy; he dares not further speak for him.— Poor Galen! I have had to do with Mr. S. and now with Doctor T. an angry Adversary, and a — Friend, and I find that neither of them are reconci­led to him. How severely is he cen­sured by some men now a days! I am sure it was not always so! Methinks none should take upon them to judge so great a Prince in Physick, but such a [...] know they can do better. If my Friend dares not speak for him, but he must want so good an Advocate. Well! Let both their works stand forth in open Court to plead for their respe­ctive Authors, and then let the learn­ed give judgement according to their merits.

Here I crave the Readers patience a while, till I make a short digression, [Page 6]and tell the world what Galens parts and works have been, and what he has done in the Art of Physick, by which it will appear what real ground there is for his Name [...]o be so trampled on, and his Authority and Labour so slieghtly esteemed, as he is by many in this our Age.

The first rise of Physick. After the Art of Physick was found out, which is attributed by ancient Writers to Apollo, as the first Inventer, and imported to his Son Aesculapius, who polished it much from its rude Notions; He trained up his two Sons Podalirius and Machaon in the same Art: The former addicted himself to the study of inward Remedies, and the latter to outward Applications; con­cerning whom Homer gives his Test­mony, as also Suidas.

These kept it as a Secret in their Fa­mil [...] for many Generations, till at leng h H [...]ppocrates, who was the eight­eenth from Aesculapius, po [...] shed it still further, and having it seems a gene­rous pub ick Spirit, drew it into a form o [...] method, and exposed it to the world; Having not only the helps of [Page 7]his Ancestors, and their Experimen [...]s, [...]ut the opportunity of transcribing [...]he Records which he found in the Temple at Coos dedicated to Aescula­ [...]ius, where the Priests ex Officio were bound to take an Account of all Per­sons that had been recovered out of any S [...]ckness, and to transcribe bo h the Symptomes of their Diseases, and the Remedies by which they were cu­red. And this was the Custome in Aegypt also; yea, and in Arabia and Persia to this day, as I have several times heard Sir Thomas Herbert tell, where (he says) the sick people are brought into the Market-place, that any passenger may enquire of their case, to whom they usually give an ac­count, and in case any man do know a Remedy for such a Malady, he is bound by his Religion to minister help, and be [...]ng found healing it is recorded by the Priests.

Hippocrates being learned to a Prodi­ [...]y, and thus furnisht with extraordi­nary help, and living to a great Age, (to wit) a hundred and nine years (as S [...]ranus reports) adorned this Art with [Page 8]many grave Sentences, and authentick Aphorisms relating to the several parts of Physick, and from his own large Experience has left many excellent Me­dicines, and a Method which we find of singular use to this day, now after 2000. years, and so probably must con­tinue to the end of the World.

Several Sects in Physick. H [...]s Writings gave an opportunity to others to step in to the Study of the Art, among whom were Diosles Caristius and Petron, then Praxagoras and Chrysippus, then Herophilus and Erasistratus, all these proceeded in divers methods, and so fell into Factions. Also Mene­crates, whose pride was such that he called himself Jupiter, and wore a golden Crown. He would never un­dert [...]ke a Patient, unless he would ob­lige himself under his hand-writing to be his Servant and A [...]tendant when ever he should call; so as he was went to lead about whole Troops of Pati­ents, as so many Trophees of his Cures, all whom he called by the names of the Gods, as Athenaeus and Hegesander make mention.

After these started up Serapion, A­pollonius, [Page 9]Glaucias and Heraclius Taren­tinus, with several others who called themselves Empiricks, and so made a new Sect.

Then followed Asc [...]epiades and The­mison, who instituted another Sect cal­led Methodists. After those Cornelius Celsus stepped into the Profession at Rome, being the most Learned of all the Latine Paysicians: He lived in the time of our Saviour, and was com­monly stilled Latine-Hippocrates, and well does he deserve to be accounted one of the Princes in Physick, as he is ranked by the Learned. After him was Archigenes of whom Juvenal does several times make Honourable menti­on, who lived in the Reign of Adrion.

The decay of Physick. To be short, then came up Thessa­lies the most proud and malepert Fel­low that ever was in the world, who as Pliny saith ( lil. 2 [...]. Nat. H [...]st. cap. 1.) madly raved against all the most excel­lent Physicians that had been before him, contemn ig them all, even Hip­pocrates himself, accusing them of gross ignorance, while he boasted egregi­ously of himself and his method, as in [Page 10]his Letter to Nero may appear cited by Galen ( lib. 1. Meth. cap. 11.) al­though yet he knew nothing of solid Learning, or the Art of Physick, but depraved it with an unwholesome Me­thod, and a number of unsound me­dicines.— Were I a Pythagorean, and did believe a [...], I should think his Soul had been several times since translated into another Body.

Thus was this Noble Art lacerated and torn by various Factions, the per­verse humours of some disquieting the peace of others, the wholesome re­ceived Principles rased, and the Pra­ctise differing in every Country, while yet every Quack magnified his own way, and mens lives were most in jeo­pardy in the hands of them who pre­tended most to preserve them.

Its repara­tion by Galen. In the midst of this decay steps up Ga [...]en, (vid.) in the second Century from the Nativity of our Saviour, and 600. years after Hippocrates. He was certainly the most Learned of his Age in all the parts of useful Learning, as his voluminous Writings do sufficient­ly make out, but especially in Phy­sick, [Page 11]even to a Prodigy; which Art be­ing left imperfect by Hippocrates, and not fully elaborated as Himself con­fesses in his Let [...]er to Democritus, where (he says) that though he had now lived to be old, yet neither He, nor yet Ae­sculapius, nor any that he had met with, had attained to any considerable height in the Profession, but must leave it imperfect: But Galen undertook this task, and has brought it to such a perfection, as no Art besides in the World can pretend to, and thus not only in the judgement of the Antient Princes in Physick, who followed him, Galen in high e­steem a­mong the Antients. as Paulus, Aetius, Oribasius, &c. who have transcribed most choice Senten­ces, and long discourses out of him word for word, as not being able, or not needing to adde to him, but also in the Suffrage of our best Modern Writers. What was obscure in Hippo­crates he has cleared up, he has distin­guisht of things that differed, and sup­plied what was defective. Not that I would make him to be infallible or that nothing has been added since, or yet may not be, but that certainly he was [Page 12]the greatest Benefactor to, and Polisher of Medicine, that ever was in the world. He had indeed Hirpocrates his Foundation to build upon, but assured­ly thereupon he raised a most adm [...]ra­ble structure,

He encountred the several Sects I mentioned, discovered plainly their impostures, their ragged Methods and unwholesome Medicines, and enrich­ed the Art with excellent Tractats upon every part of Physick, and innumera­ble rare Remedies, which retain his Name to this day: And hereto he was enabled not only by the help of the ol [...] man his Master, (as our Author calls him) but also by his own prodigi­ous parts, length of time that was be­twixt them, and his own large Experi­ence through age, for he lived till he was an hundred and forty years old, and therefore probably he might be trust­ed, though he should in some things d [...]ffer from his Masters Copy.

While he lived he was esteemed the prime Star of the first magnitude in his O [...]be, and of singular account with the Emperour Antoninus, and the many [Page 13]Volumes he has left behind him, have begot him a Reputation, which Envy can never blast among such as are Learned. This made Fuchsius cry Non dubium est quin à Deo excitatus, As also a­mong the Neotericks &c. to wit, no doubt but he was raised up by God to repair the Art of Physick, which was extreamly shattered in these times ( lib. 1. instit. med.) And Valleriola says of him, Quem Heroa potiù ac daemonem, quàm Hominem ap­pellare suo sanè merito possumus; he knows not whether he should not call him some Cae [...]estial Hero, or Angel, rather than a Man, such was his merit in his esteem ( Loc. com. lib. 1.) To these I'le add but one more, which I find in Eusebius his Ecclesiastical Histo­ry ( lib. 5. cap. ult.) who tells that he was worshipped (such was their Opinion of him) by some of the Heathens as a God. He was indeed no Christian; though I read, that hearing of the mi­racles that were done in those Primi­tive times, by the followers of the A­postles of our Saviour, in the curing of diseases by a word. He fell into Admiration, and made a Voyage to­wards. [Page 14] Judaea to know the certainty of it by his own view, but as God would have it died by the way.

Thus far I thought fit to digress on this occasion, that I might give some account to the world of this great Prince in Physick, Galen, and to make it out that he was no Trifle, as some would render him, but that his Name was, and is yet in Reputation among such as understand him well. I now pro­ceed.

Dr. Tonstall says, he hopes it will ap­pear, that in this Tract he has been very candid towards me, and said nothing ad Personam, but ad Rem.— 'Twere well if I could find it so; I think no man that has read his Book is of that mind; but seeing he pretends it, I shall willingly leap over a great many of those Reflexions ad Personam, (be­sides what has been told me by Persons of known integrity of his liberty of Speech) and only examine such as are ad Rem, if any be so, wherein I'le use as much Candour as the Nature of my task can admit.

He says, he has not concerned himself [Page 15]in a word which I have said in my two Books, but only what was necessary se De­fendendo. — Really I wonder at this Expression! Who ever offended him, that he should stand up in his own defence? Is not he the Assailant and Aggressor? What was there in my Books that concerned him? Indeed I mentioned his Name p. 107. of my Answer to Hydrol. Chimica with some sincere respect, wherein he has made it appear that I was mistaken, and therefore I'le henceforth resume since he has recanted.

He boasts of his Mechanical Demon­stration, whereby he makes cut the Mate­rial Principles of the Spaw, and presents them to our Senses; and says, that my failure was, that I left off where I should have begun.— To this I say, I have ever observed the greatest Censors ei­ther produce nothing of their own, or what is more ridiculous than any thing they reprehend. Much of ill Nature, and a very little Judgement, go a great way in finding the mistakes of Writers, especially when a design is at the bottome.

Dr T dis­ingenuous towards the Author He says, after I had observed what was most conspicuous about the Spaw, and found that the Gall tinctured the Water of a dark purple colour, I contented my self with fair probabilities for asserting the five Principles.— So again ( p. 19.) he cites a passage out of my Book, where I say the Principles cannot be separa­ted further then I had expressed,— he adds of his own— Namely by putting gall to the Water, &c. and then he Comments upon this Assertion in both places with reference both to my self and others, to whom he undertakes (though impertinently enough) to read a Lectu [...]e of Anatomy and Experi­mental Phylosophy, and tells of things that no man ever doubted of, or in the least opposed that understands any thing in Physick, but teaches us that the separation of the Principles should have been made by fire.— Thus he would gladly make the world be­lieve, especially those that have not met with my Books, that all that I have said to make out the five Principles was but this, that the Water is tinctu­red black by the addition of Gall. [Page 17]But I would ask him if this be the [...]ndness of a Friend (as he professes himself to be) to ci [...]e thus, and to leave out the rest of my Arguments of demonstration, whereby I made them out.

This indeed I mention ( p. 9. of my first Book) as a T [...]ken of Vitriol, to which there I added the acid taste and i [...]ky smell ( 2ly.) to prove A ume, I mention its cur [...]l [...]ng of Milk, and the bubbling noice it makes when its boiled near the bottom, which I made out to be a peculiar property of Alume, from the test [...]mony of good Natura­lists. ( 3ly.) To prove Iron, I mention the black sediment that falls to the bottome of the vessel after Gall is put into it, which calc [...]nes red being near of kin to Vitriol, which therefore ( p. 10.) I called Ferrum Vitriolatum or Vitriolum ferrugineum; besides the use I made of it inwardly, wherein I find it to perform the same intentions with Iron or Steel, and that it tinges the Ex­crements black, as all our preparati­ons of Iron do; together with the yel­low Sediment which falls to the bot­tome [Page 18]of the vessel, when it is carried at distance, being much like unto Cro­cus Martis, as I expressed it ( p. 11.) and he himself calls it so ( p. 57) when he observed it in the spout of Knares­br. Spaw. ( 4ly.) To prove Nitre, I tell of its shooting into Stiriae or Ice­sickles, which is the peculiar property of Nitre. ( 5ly.) I say what Salt it has, it takes from the Sea, although I declared it to have but very little Salt in it.

Then again I demonstrate these from their Adjuncts, that there is a great probability that these are the Minerals that are in it. 1. From the veins of Nitre, which appear in the cliffe like hoar-frost or snow, and e­minently within a few yards of the Well. ( 2ly.) From the many stones of Iron that are in the Cliffe, besides the Earth that turns to an Iron-stone, and melts in the Smiths Forge like Metal. ( 3ly.) The abundance of Alume-stone that is in all that Cliffe. ( 4ly.) The plentiful imbibition of so many Minerals, which is promoted by the Acidity of the Vi [...]ri [...]; as also the [Page 19] Vitrioline juyce which is yellow of co­lour, that sweats out of the Cliffe about 110 paces from the Spring, which he himself two years ago, when he had no design to carry on, acknowledg­ed to be no other then Vitriol, which gave me occasion to mention him and his consent therein, p. 107. of my lat­ter Book. ( 5ly.) The propinquity of the Sea gives ground to many wise men to think it may have Salt. Be­sides much more that I have said in my latter Book to prove them all against that my fierce Adversary while he de­nied them. and as last was forced to confess them.

The Au­thours let­ter to the Royal So­ciety. Now while I have in terminis ex­pressed all these Experimental Proofs of the five Principles, and exposed them all not only to wise mens Reason, but also to the view of many Persons of Quality, and particularly to those Honourable Lords and Gentlemen of the Royal Society the last year, to whom I presented by that eminently Learned and obliging Gentleman Henry Olden­burg, Esq. seven or eight sorts of Ex­tracts and Spirits, which I took out of [Page 20]this Spaw-water, which those Noble Worthies were pleased to receive with som [...] s [...]isf [...]ction; a full [...]escription of which Extracts, &c. the Reader may find in number 60 of the Philo­sophical Trans [...]ctions, with my Letter at large: I say, while I have thus fully and plainly made them out, it was not candid [...]y done of him to mention that of ting [...]ng with Gall, and to leave out the rest, on purpose to render me ridi­culous. But thus he deals with me as Hanun [...] did with K [...]ng Davids M [...]ssen­gers, 2 Sam 10.4. of whom the T [...]xt saith, that he shaved off the half of their beards, and cut off their garments in the middle even to their Buttocks, and sent them away on purpose to make them a­shamed. — But this did so exceed­ingly disoblige K [...]ng D [...]vid, that it be­came an occasion of breaking that bond of F [...]i [...]ship that had been be­tween them.

I was indeed short in my first Book, while I di [...]coursed of the [...] five M [...]ne­ral P [...]inciples, because I designed b [...]evity, yet t [...]u [...] much was said to make them ou [...]. And being called [Page 21]into question by M [...]. S. for this very thin, I refer to the Learned, whether in my Reply to him, I have not stood m [...] g [...]o [...]nd. But this also our Author had a m [...]nd to overlook, boasting of his own Mechanical demonstration, as if I had offered no [...]hing of Experiment to prove them.

A [...]d whereas he says ( p. 20.) that fire was the proper Instrum [...]nt to eff [...]ct the separation of the M [...]nerals — a m [...]ng thereby to make the world believe I had only taken notice of the tinging with Gall, and never tried it by fire: and hence he says ( p. 34.) that if Light had been brought in by the hand of a Chym [...]st— strange things had been discovered.— I am certain of this, that the hands of some that call themselves Chimists have brought more Heat than Light into our Facul­ty. But thus it seems, let but some men assume this title of a Chimist, and they take upon them boldly to say what they list, as if thereby they had got a Patent for freedome of Language.

Did not I mention a Body of Mine­rals (to wit) an ounce in five quarts of [Page 22]the water, which may be extracted ei­ther by Distillation, or Evaporation over the fire? ( p. 10. And notwith­standing it contradicts what he would here impose upon me, that I only try­ed the Water by Gall; Does not he himself cite a passage of mine ( p. 151.) where I had been discoursing concerning this Body of Minerals, which in that place I said cannot be extracted without a long and vehement fire? — What makes all this dou­ble dealing for advantage? Such Ar­tifice is very unbecoming, and (to use his own word) savours more of a Me­chanical than Academical demonstrati­on. If this be Friendly, or Manly, (to say no more) I neither understand what is Friendly, nor Humane.

And whereas he carps, because I said they cannot be further separated than I had expressed.— I am certain these Minerals are so united in their Subject, the Water, as that when they come under the most Critical Scrutiny, never a one of them will be found to be intire­ly such, but a quite other thing, or ter­tium neutrum.

He con­fesses his levity. ( Pag. 13.) He confesses some Levity of Opinion he had of late been guilty of, in reference to these two Northern Spaws at Scarb. and Knaresb. one year perswading his Friends to go to Scarb. and the very next year to Knaresb. This he excuses from his own Practise, that he commended no other to them than be took himself, and then he wishes that all Physicians were bound with this girdle, propounding therein himself as a Pat­terr. — If he means that all were bound to be like him in Levity and Wavering, I know no man that will say Amen. Physicians ought better to un­derstand the Remedies they use: But if in his Honesty, we will all own our Engagement to him for so good an Ex­ample.

To this I'le adde, he brought his Wife with him to Scarb. who there found a Cure of a Malady, which ne [...] ­ther his own Art and Skill, nor Kna­resb. Spaw could have effected, but of this more anon. He extols Scarb. Spaw. — This convin­ced him of the Excellency of Scarb. Spaw, on which account he magnified it exceedingly, as a rare working Wa­ter, [Page 24]while he undervalued the other of Knaresb. as much, which he accu­sed to be l [...]t [...]le impregnated with any Mineral; ye [...], and consequently to be a du [...]l, heavy Water, not passing well through the B [...]dy: And of this there are not a few Witnesse, both at New­castle where he lives, and else where.

On this accoun [...] ( [...]n Ann [...] 1669.) he perswaded a great many Persons of Quality to come along with him to Scarb. wholly resolving, as appeared to them, to desert Knaresb. which [...]or above 10. years together he had fre­quented. But somewhat there was wherein (it seems) his Exp [...]ctation [...]as frustrate, He dispa­rages it, and returns to Knaresb. so as he must resolve to return again to Knaresb. and having a great mind to draw back his T [...]ain of Friends with him, and to make some amends for his deserting and disparag­ing Knaresb. he takes the most plausi­ble way (so long as 'twill hold) to leave his dirt in Scarb. Spaw, accusing it of some notorious Faults, following therein the Machiavellian Rule, Forti­ter incusa aliquid haerebit; laying on load enough, in hope that something [Page 25]will stick. Three faults especialy.

Three faults in Scarb. First, That it has a petrifying proper­ty, and generates the Stone.

Secondly, That there are filings of Stone and G [...]ay in it, whereby it breeds Ob­structions, and causes the Jaundice.

Thirdly, That it corrodes the Bowels, and causes a Dysentery.— I' [...]e now e [...] mine how he makes them out.

It's petri­fying. To begin with the first, ( [...] w [...]t) that it is petr [...]fying, which I shall examine both in point of Reason, in reference to some P [...]nciple in the Water, which he confesses, and so does agree with me, and also [...]n Experience; and I doubt not to sat [...]fie wise men in both, and perhaps himself too, that he la­bours under a grand mistake in this his Assertion.

arg. 1 He finds Nitre in the Saw, and some small matter, which after it has passed through the heat of the fire in Evapo­ration, will not pass the Filter; and he finds Kircher discoursing de succo lap [...]difico to affirme it to be a Nitrous Stone dissolved in Water; this gives ground enough to him, who was catch­ing at advantage, to accuse the Water to be petrifying.

A Quotati­on out of Kircher examined. I shall as to the matter that will not pass the Filter examine that by and by, and for Kircher, I honour him as a ve­ry L [...]arned Writer, and the Author as my Friend, but magis amica veritas. In that place Kircher is telling of several Springs, that turn Sticks, Straw, or Leaves into Stone, or at the least do cover them, being laid in them so [...]e while with a stony Crust: Now if the Spaw have that property, of crus­ling any thing into a Stone that is laid in it, then his Quotation will require a consideration of us, but this he af­firms not, and therefore it is imperti­nent.

Of Nitre and Salt. Nitre is esteemed by all Naturalists to be of volatile parts, exceedingly pe­netrative, and a great dissolvent, and therefore it is (says Dr. Jorden) that it serves for the dissolution of Metals ( cap. 7.) and all that ever writ of it do agree in this verdict, yea, Kircher him­s [...]f ( lib. 6. cap. de Nitro) says not much less of it, and fixes the petrifying pro­perty plainly upon Salt, which he calls the proper and proximal Element of Earth, which subministers crassness to [Page 27]all sorts of mixt bodies. His words [...]re— Omnibus mixtorum speciebus [...]assitiem & propriam consistentiam sub­ [...]inistrat, verumque & proprium proxi­ [...]mque terroe Elementum dici debet, cu­ [...]us Sal sensibile non nisi subjectum ma­ [...]ni [...]le est, and a little after, speaking of the difference betwixt Salt and Nitre, [...]e owns Nitre to partake eminently of the Elements of Fire and Air, and to be full of fiery spirits; whereas Salt [...]e owns to be partaker of the two gros­ser Elemants Water and Earth. Now how that which is of such thin, vola­tile, and fiery parts, so penetrative and dissolvent, as that it d [...]ssolves Metals, should be the matter of a Stone, I un­derstand and not, nor (I dare say) does Dr. Ponstall. It has been commended in all Ages by Physicians against the Stone, as that which they expect would dissolve it: Yea, I appeal to Dr. T. his own verdict ( p. 14.) where he says he preferred the Nitrous spring at Scarb. before the Vitrioline at Knaresb. and makes a high appeal whether it be not a more noble Principle for dissolv­ing or expelling the Stone. Kirch▪ [Page 28]himself grants as much to any Nitrous Spring, (in the place ci [...]ed, in Consecta­ri [...]) Nitrum aquis naturalibus i [...]situm purgat, incidit; penetrat, detergit, [...] ­structiones expedit, movit, prope si q [...] arenos [...]m renum vesicaeque sulstantiam. Eminently true concerning this Spr [...]ng at Scarb. an [...] I pray how can it have [...] petrifying property from Nitre which is so penetrative, as here we find Kir­cher confessing.

Besides, who ever saw a Nitrous stone? Nitrou [...] E [...]rth is ordinary; Se­rapio, and Dioscorides tell indeed of mines of Nitre in Armenia and Arca­dia, whereas Bellonius, Pliny and Ges­ner, say its only found above the Earth, but never any mention is made of Ni­trous stones, and indeed its altogether inconsistent with the Nature of it, which is impregnated with such aboun­dance of fiery and aeriel spirits, as we have heard from Kircher, his Author whom he grounds upon.

But this is not all, for in this point Kircher himself i [...] extreamly rov [...]ng, and unresolved, wherein this petrify­ing property shall reside, and what [Page 29]mineral to fix it o [...], for ( lib. 8. cap. de [...]gine succi lapid [...]fici) [...]e lays, that ei­ther Salt, or Nitre, or A [...]ome, or Vitriol, [...] Su [...]thur will serve to make a Water to [...]ste a stick or le [...]f, &c. but how un­ [...]onable a thing it is to suppose that many of these Minerals, that are of [...]th thin, hot and piercing properties, [...] become the matter of a Stone, I [...]ave it to wise men to consider of, and [...]o he [...]eupon infer that our Authors first Argument, drawn from the Au­thority of such an uncertain and wa­ [...]e [...]in [...] Writer, is of no validity at all.

arg. 2 Secondly, He would prove the Spaw [...] be petrifying by m [...]king a Parallel be­tween it, and the dropp [...]ng Well at K [...]a­ [...]b which in a very short time will c [...]ver Moss, or Straw or S [...]cks that are suf­fered to lye in it, with a stony Crust. To both these A [...]g [...]ments [...]e answer in one word: Le [...] any man shew me a stone so generated by Scar-Water, though the trial be made from a month to seven years, and I'e give up the cr [...]se.

arg. 3 Thirdly, He proves it from the mus­ch-shells, and such like things that are [Page 30]found near the Spaw on the Sands, as if they were converted into Stone by the p [...] ­fying spirit that is in the Spring.— Some such Shells are indeed found (al­though very rarely) on those Sands up­on the superficies of the Earth, bu [...] seldome or never in the Cliffe (I m [...] confidently say) or at least not more than in other soils. These lying [...] upon the Sands are undoubtly cast [...] by the Sea, and we know such thing [...] are found in all Countries upon the Sea-coasts, even where no such Spring [...] are. Let no man laugh at this Argu­ment of our Author, for though it sounds like that of the Kentish Parson, who affirmed, that Tenderdens-steepl [...] was the cause of Goodwins-sands, yet [...] account it as solid as any other Argu­ment, whereby he makes out the point in hand; in truth they are all of the same stamp.

Whether the Sea doth petri­fie or no. And whereas he takes check, be­cause I said they were petrified by the Sea; I suspect no other that pretends [...] Philosophy will deny this property [...] be in the Sea, and I shall easily allow my Friend to be singular. Assuredl [...] [Page 31]the Sea does petrifie, by the plenty of [...] fixed Salt, any thing that has in it a [...]pidescent juice; from whence it is, [...]at so many Stones of various colours [...]e cast up by the Sea. Thus Coral, o­ [...]rwise a Plant, is hardened by the [...] into a Stone, as Dr. Jorden observes. [...] have often seen Fish-bones cast up [...] the Sea, which have been almost [...]ned into a perfect Stone. Hence it [...]mes to pass, that he that has any La­ [...]scent juice, which Physitians usual­ [...] call a Tartarous humor, shall sooner [...]ntract the Stone if he eat much Salt [...]th his meat; and therefore Salt meats [...] found to be very ill for such as are [...]clinable to the Stone.

But while he is managing this Ar­ [...]ment, and denying the petrifying [...]operty of the Sea, he says, (p. 32.) [...], then what befel Lot 's Wife judici­ [...]ly, Of Lot's Wife. is not so great a Miracle as that we [...] not all naturally turned into Pillars of [...]alt, that eat so much Sea-salt dayly.— [...]ere he seems to fall into a grand mi­ [...]ke, while he supposes that Lot's [...]fe was turned into Marine Salt, or [...]h as we eat with our meat. I do in­deed [Page 32]think with Learned Dr. Rivet, M. Cowley and others, that tha [...]t story of Lot's Wife must be li [...]erally under­stood. Now forasmuch as we know there is a Minerâl Salt which is hard as Stone, and may serve ind [...]fferently for building, not being subject to melt by the moisture of the Air; it seems very probable, that she was turned in­to that Mineral Salt, and not Marine, which would have melted with every shower, and so could not have suited with the design of God, who would have it to be a durable M [...]nument of his Indignation against her Disobedi­ence and Curiosi [...]y, contrary to the expressed Will of God. O [...] the mi­neral Salt, see more in Pliny lib. 31. Nat. Hist. cap. 7. And J [...]sephus sayes he saw it ( lib. 1. Ant [...] Jud. cap. 1 [...].) in his dayes, when it had stood about o [...]o years. Although our modern T [...]avel­lers report there is nec vola nec vest gi­um now a dayes of it; as both Engl [...]sh, French, Roman and Dutch do testi­fie. Vide Mr. Geo. Sandys, Pietro del la Valle, Doubdan, &c. And the Learned Dr. Isaac Basire, in his Travels in that [Page 33]Country, assures me, that though he made a diligent enquiry after it, yet [...] not to be found. But if our Author shall say, He does not affirm that she was turned into a Marine Salt: Why then his mention of it is nothing to the purpose!

As for what he adds concerning the Earth, which in one place turns to an Ir [...]n-stone, I have said enough to that p. 28, & 45. of my Answer to Hydrol. [...]ym. although here he seems to infer (for his design) that all the earth that f [...]lls down near the Spaw turns into Stone, which is not so.

arg. 4 Fourthly, he endeavors to prove it to be petrifying, by the effects that it produceth in those that are subject to the Stone, (p. 33.) wherein he cites his own case, to wit, That having been cut f [...] the S one, and one taken out from his Bladder that weighed four ounces and an half, the Summer following he drank of Knaresb. Spaw, which Water he mixed with white Wine; these (he says) brought [...]y by Urine abundance of mucous mat­ter, (p. [...]6.)—T [...]ere he cite▪ a place [...] of Helmo [...]t, whom he calls the [Page 34] Prince of Reason, Dr. T cites Helmont imperti­nently. who he fancies sets down the reason of that Operation in these words: Ubi custodes male se habent, continuo plorant partem pr [...]prii alimen [...] quod sibi assimilare debebat.— Why he should set such an Accent on his Au­thor in his quotation of this Sentence, I know not: The learned Reader will easily observe what Harmony there is betwixt his Matter for which he cites them; and the Words, for in my judg­ment they agree like a Harp and a Harrow. Nor does it appear that he understands Helmont's meaning. To say no more then what appears true to Learned men, this is one of those Sen­tences wherein Helmont affects Ob­scurity, and is scarce intellig [...]ble. I suspect my Friend does in this, as 'tis said of some Divines, That they weed the Fathers works, picking up many times what is impertinent, while they leave the Flowers to be plu [...]kt by o­thers.

Ob. Scarb. gave him a fit of the stone. Two years after he visited Scar­brough, and brought his Wife and above thirty Persons of Quality, that lived in and about Newcastle, where [Page 35]after a fortnights drinking of that wa­ter, He says it gave him a fit of the Stone, which he had not felt since his cut­ting, (p. 22) for he felt it slip from the [...]ft Kidney into his B [...]adder, (p. 43.) and [...] the same instant a Thunderbolt from the right Kidney darted into his great Toe; [...]d afterwards he tells (p. 33.) that when be left the Waters, he had another fit for t [...] days, and this Stone he will have to [...] generated by the Petrifying property of the Spa [...] (p. 35.)

This I have gleaned up out of that confused method which he pursues in his Book, the substance of his Argu­ment, which he groun [...]s upon his own Experience.

Answ. For Answer. Here our Authour thunders terribly, and tells of the bolt in hi [...] T [...]e, But where is the lightning [...]ll this while? I see none, only light­ [...]ess enough— I do very much won­der to find him commending Knaresb. Spaw for bringing away the mucous matter, which he acknowledges might have been the Foundation of a Stone, and yet discommends Scarbrough for [...]inging down the Stone, Certainly [Page 36]he had the same reason to charge it as a fault in the former, that it bred the mucous Matter, as in the latter that it bred the Stone, which if he had, no man would have believed it: but I sup­pose that would not have suited his de­sign.

I find him confessing (p. 14.) that Scarb. has imbibed Nitre, which there he acknowledges to be a noble Principle against the Stone: And wherein, I pray, consists the excellency of that Principle, but in expelling the Stone, or dissolving it? and therefore it is prescribed by all Physitians, antient and modern, for that very purpose; and yet here, when he findes it to perform the intention, he sayes it bred it.

I grant (sayes he p. 34.) that by rea­son of abundance of Nitre in the Water, it will force out stony gravel in the kidneys when any is there— Why? is there not reason then to suspect, that he that had been wont to have stones bred in his body, might have so again, for cer­tainly his constitution was not altered by the cutting; and so this Nitrous Water might bring down what was [Page 37]bred there before, and not what it self had generated. Kircher will tell him, he had reason to look for it. Plures s [...] ­ctione a calculis liberati tandem eos ite­rum concipiunt, eo ferm modo quo Saxi­fo [...]ina evacuatae novos cum tempore conci­piunt Saxorum foetus, lib. 8. sect. 2. cap. 3. And there also he tells him from whence it comes, viz. à Faculta­tis expultricis imbecillitate, & materiae terrestris & salis in humido diluti copia.

Again, how can it be supposed, that while there is so constant and plenti­ful a current through those passages of Urine, and this promoted by [...]he Ni­trous Water, which he confesses to be so cleansing, yet at the same time a stone should be generated, and that al­so in a fortnights space? Does not he acknowledge (p. 18.) that he drank it the year before, and yet we hear nothing of dislike, but a high commendation of it to many worthy Persons of Qua­lity? Indeed then he had another de­sign to carry on, which if it had suc­ceeded, doubtless we had heard none of this; but that failing him, as the Pox said in the Fable, the Grapes are [Page 38]sowr, and the Nitrous Water breeds the Stone.

Ob. Ay but some may object to me, About Ex­perience. you argue against experience, which is the su [...]est Rule to prove a thing; He tells you, his reins have tried it, (p. 44.) and found it too true.

Answ. I answer, It had been better if his brains had tried it throughly; but since we are to seek for that, I will endea­vor in kindness to instruct him. I dis­pute not against matter of Fact, but only examine the Inference, Whether that Stone so expelled, could be bred by the Spaw or no, and that's a point of Reason. I am certain he takes non Causam pro Causa; nothing is more ma­nifest, then that it was the Cause of its Expulsion, but that it should breed it, I have already, and shall yet further make it out to be impossible.

A particular mans experience, of such an One especially, who for by­ends seeks occasion of cavil, and is glad to finde the least pretence to it may be fallacious, and I am ass [...]red this is so, and in the Judgement of all wise Men cannot be sufficient to be [Page 39]drawn in to make a Rule to judge a thing by Experientia should be multiplex; it must be an Induction of a great many particulars, and of long duration, made by impartial and unbyassed judgments, that must concur to ground a Rule of Experience upon. Scarb. Sp. excellent against the stone. And I dare undertake to bring in an Induction of hundreds of honest and impartial Wit­nesses, that can have no sinister design at all, who in the Disease we treat of (to wit, the Stone) have found benefit, and never any the least harm, besides those I have mentioned in my Book [...]alled Scarb. Spaw Edit. 2. Let my own Experience come into plea with his, who have frequented it these 30. years, besides several that I could name, Per­sons of Quality, who stand admiring at this unreasonable charge of our Au­thor: These having drunk of it ten or twenty years together and upwards, yet never found the least ill symptome from it in this point or any other, when they went regularly to work, and were advised.

I must confess I have known several that have got quit of many Stones, and [Page 40]much Gravel by drinking of it, and ever without any considerable pain. I know a Lady that voided 28 Stones at these Waters, many of them as big as a pease, four years ago without trouble. And Mr. James Duncanson a Scotch­man, told me the l [...]st year he thought he voided half a Jill of Stones and Gra­vel at once without much pain, having been very often before subject to grie­vous fits of the Stone. Nothing is plain­er every day then this; to finde Stones expelled at these Waters; and yet none of these, nor I ever had the least ground to suspect that it bred those Stones or Gravel.

A double cause of the stone. If it bred the Stone in the Body, it must do it either as Causa Materialis, or as Causa Effectrix. If as a Material Cause, that must be by ministring some crass matter which is apt to condense into a Stone; but this the water cannot he thought to do, since it is a pure wa­ter, and that also strongly impregnat­ed with a Nitrous Salt, which is a great Dislolvent, as we have said already, and of thin parts. Secondly, the Efficient Cause consists in an innate and natural [Page 41]disposition towards the breeding of Stones and Gravel, from the fiery heat of the Reins and circumjacent parts, which condenses some crass matter into Gravel or a Stone, even as a Pot­ters clay is by heat hardened into a stone, as Trallianus expresses it, lib. 9. cap. 4. now this the water cannot pro­mote, because it is Nitrous, and con­sequently cooling, and is ever found to quench the intemperat heat of the Reins, and all the internal parts.

Ob. But our Author accuses it as a Ma­terial Cause, About stone-silings. and to leave matter in the Body which will condense into a stone, by reason of the stone-filings that are in it, p. 35. where he compares it to the dropping Well at Knaresb. that covers any thing that is laid in it some while with a stony crust.

Answ. To this I reply; the Spring flows as clear as any whatsoever, and if it be clear taken up, as we drink it at the Well, I know no ground of com­plaint. Perhaps in filling of great Ves­sels they may trouble the Spring, and so take up some gravel or sand, which might beguile him, and make him [Page 42]look on it as an unseparable adjunct.

Again, all waters of this nature that are impregnated with Minerals, will usually let fall something to the bot­tom, which is commonly called Och [...]e, and this does so, whether it be carried in wooden vessels, or stone, or glass, though he says p. 55. 'tis the corosion of the Vessels by the Water, yet learned Writers on the subject never thought the worse of them.

The Water [...]l [...]red. Among the body of Mineral ingre­dients wherewith this water is im­pregnanted, there is a part after it has passed through the heat of the fire in the evaporation of the water, that when it comes to be dissolved again in pure water, will not pass the filter, while yet before it came to the fire it would all have passed through, as I have some­times shewn to several Persons of Qua­lity, when two quarts of the water newly taken out of the Spaw dropped through the filter, and left not so much sand behind, as would make a man wink if it were in his eye, and yet be­ing evaporated away over the fire, it afforded the same sediment in substance [Page 43]and Quantity, as if it had not been fil­tred, such alteration has the fire made in it. Now I doubt not but the water which we drink that never came at the fire, whereby the fixed parts of the Minerals should be condensed, will as easily pass through and penetrate our Bodies, and leave no dregs, as at the first it does the filter.

Fire a pro­per Instru­ment, but not a fit Medium. Indeed I agree with him in this, that fire is the most proper instrumen [...] to try what is in the water, and there­fore it was that I proceeded by it in extracting these Minerals, as before I expr [...]ssed; but I do not judge it a fit medium whereby to prove its working in our Bodies, which is the thing he drives at all along; for that which fire will condense or thicken, may yet be as fluid as water in our Bodies. As for example, the Serum that is in the Blood, and is its Vehicle to help its Circulation in the Veins and Arteries, is like water, as we see it in the vessels when we take Blood; yet put this into a Saucer, and set it on the fire, and immediatly it turns thick like Starch. I knew a worthy Knight in York-shire, [Page 44]who out of some such perswasion, was wont to dehort others from drinking of Sack, shewing them that a glass of Sack poured into a red hot fire-shovel, would leave a thick sediment like Pu [...] or Starch, when the thin parts were evaporated; but I suppose no wise Man, or good Fellow, would like it the worse for that. And therefore upon the whole matter, I may very well and truly deny that any such filings of Stone, or Clay, or Sand are left in our Bodies while we drink this Water, to breed the Stone or any other malady, or the least ill symptome; and I am certain, that in the large Experience that I can pretend to in things refer­ing to this Water, there is no ground to believe it.

Note. But that I may yet further discover the weakness of this Argument, I shall let him know, that a water may have a petrifying property, so as it may turn any thing into a Stone, and yet in a large Tract of Experience, it may be found safe to be drunk, yea and be an excellent Remedy against the Stone. Did my Friend never read Dr. Fuller's [Page 45] Worthies, who was a most learned and ingenious Gentleman? In his Descri­ption of Warwick-shire, ( p. 117.) he tells of a Spring at Newenham Regis that is so p [...]trifying, that it turns sticks into stone, (which Mr. Speed his Au­thor whom he cites, says he was an Eye-witness of) and yet withal he adds, that its found to be very Sove­rain against the Stone. If I were dis­posed, I could tell where our Author has commended the dropping Well to some to drink a long time of it, when sure he had no jealousie least it should breed the Stone in those Pa­tients.

Note. But it appears from this Argument, that he is of opinion that whatsoever is stony, is apt to breed stones in the body, and consequently is dangerous for such as are inclinable to the stone. So he argues ( p. 32, & 35.) why then how comes it to pass, that our most excellent Writers do prescribe such things a­gainst the Stone? Marcellus one of the Princes in Physick, commends the powder of a Crab-shell to be drunk in white Wine against the Stone. And [Page 46] Aetius another, commends that very stone that has been bred in the body, and is expelled by urine, to be pow­dered, and drunk as an excellent Re­medy against the Stone. ( Petrab. 3. serm. 3. cap. 10.) I could multiply in­stances of like sort out of our best Writers.

By this reckoning we should lay aside Pearl, Coral, Crabs eyes, and all sorts of precious S [...]ones. We should abandon all our compound Species and Trochisks, and what not. The Lady Kents powder and Gascoigns powder, with many more, must be held dangerous against the Stone, and we should use nothing but the fiery hot spirits of the Pseudochymists, of which we shall hear anon. But assuredly this doctrine will not easily go down with the wise Men of this generation, nor will the great Ladies believe it.

Nothing is more ordinary then to see the powder of Spar, which is a hard mineral Stone, to be taken in­wardly with good success, even by wise and intelligent persons, as also the powders of Egg shells and Gro­mel-seeds, [Page 47]which is almost as hard as stone, who never can be made to be­lieve that they breed the Stone.

Note But what if should grant him, that the natural heat of the body may con­dense the fixed parts of the mineral and metaline Principles of this or o­ther the like waters, as the fire doth, yet it would not follow that they could breed the Stone; for 'tis im­possible for such a gross substance to pass through the small and capillar Veins of the Mesentery, or the emul­gent Veins, which it must do before it come into the Kidneys to breed the Stone, nor ever was any such thing found or suspected, till this our Au­thor fancied it; but it must of necessity be thrown by the purging property of the water into the bowels, where no manner of detriment can ensue, and so go out by siege; nor did ever any thing happen upon the drinking of these waters, that could afford any the least ground of jealousie, that there was any such cause, notwithstanding his pretences.

But seeing our Author is so severe [Page 48]in his charge against it, A digressi­on about petrifica­tion. as having a petrifying property, and thereupon compares it to the Dropping-well, I judge it requisite to make some en­quiry into the parallel, and to con­sider of the causes of petrification that is in waters, and more particularly that of the Dropping-well, how it makes stone, and so we shall the better dis­cern what sutableness there is in this his parallel; where by the way, some­what I shall say concerning the nature of stone.

Of the na­ture of stone.It is a point of no small difficulty that I am now fallen upon, there be­ing few that have written of the sub­ject unto any competent satisfaction. Fallopius ( de metallis cap. 6 found it so, and therefore he implored the help of Marcus Antonius Janna about it: But at last he adventures upon it, and de­fines Stone to be a mineral substance con­crete, that is not capable of dissolution either by heat or moisture: And whereas some stones will dissolve or melt, he imputes to the mixture of some mine­ral or mettal.— But this is not a full or compleat definition, for as [Page 49]much as we see there are some stones, in which we cannot say there is any mineral or mettal, that will neither endure the fire, nor yet the air, and are therefore accounted improper for building.

But this is observable, that the more pure and fine the matter of any stone is, the harder it is, and the more unca­pable of dissolution either by heat or moisture, as Diamonds, Amethists, Cor­nelians, &c. Nor does it agree with the nature of those stones that are bred in the bodies of men, some of wh [...]ch we find are dissoluble by the help of these waters, though others are not.

Of the ge­neration of stones.But the cause of the generation of stones is still more abstruse and diffi­cult. Some will have them all to be originally nothing but water, but then they should all be pellucid and clear. Some to be only earth condensed, but then none of them should be pellucid. Besides, why should any of them be heavier then earth, since they are drier; for we see the same piece of earth when 'tis dry, is far lighter then [Page 50]when 'tis moist, unless we shall attri­bute it to its more close and compact substance, which is not enough.

The best account we can give, is that every sort of stone has its Succus Lapidescens (as mettals have) before it be concrete, and that concretion is furthered sometimes by cold, and some­times by heat. Thus by cold, those Springs that have imbibed any sort of Lapidescent juyce, may petrifie or make a stone of the same kind, and the sooner if there be any mixture of a fixed salt in it, and the water be kept from motion. By the other (to wit) heat, may any crasse matter be turned into a stone; as the clay in a Potters furnace, is by the fiery heat condensed into a stone.

Stones of­ten found in the body.There are also stones generated in the concave parts of mens bodies ve­ry frequently, by the immoderate heat of the parts condensing crasse matter, as in the Gall, the Reins, the Bladder, the Stomach, the Womb, as have been found in d [...]ssections frequently; so likewise in the very Arteries and Veins. Kircher tells, that he was pre­sent [Page 51]when Joannes Trulla a Chirur­geon found many stones, and much urtarous matter in the great Artery, near to its union with V [...]na Cava, in one Barthelinus Cenventinus, which stopped the motion of the blood and spirits, and brought sudden death. The like was found lately in the Ar­ [...]ry of a Noble Peer of this Realm, which rendred his disease incurable, as I had a relation from my Friend Dr. Troutbeck, who was present at the dissection. Many stories of like sort may be found in Schenkin's Observa­tionss, as also in Laurentius's Historia Anatomica. Yea and sometimes stones have been found in the solid and mus­tulous parts. I have seen a stone as hard as a flint, and in all respects like one, as one flint can be like another, that after much pain in the part and of long duration, was cut out of a mans buttock at Doncaster, which would strike fire upon steel.

Springs that have imbibed stones.I read in good Authors of several Springs that are impregnated with stone, as the Aqua Aponitana which Fallopius says has Limestone, as also [Page 52]the Baths of Eugesta according to Ges­ner, and that at Corsena has shreds of Marble. So at Giret near Vienna in Savoy there is a Spring whose water petrifies into flints. This must necessa­rily from the diversity of the Lapides­cent juyces which those Springs have imbibed.

A rare Spring in France.But the most stupendious is a Spring at Clarmont in Averne, a Province in France, which though it flows as limpid and clear as any other water, yet it turns all its substance in [...]o stone, if it be suffered to stand still in any vessel; and being put into a glass of what shape you please, it will turn presently into a stone of the same form. Petrus Joannes Faber a French Physitian, in his Hy­drographum Spagyricum ( lib. 2. c. 14.) reports of this water that they are wont to make Bridges of it to pass in­to their Gardens, over the Rivulet that comes from it, by placing timber, and then pumping up the water upon it, they have a compleat stone-bridge in 24. hours. This water he says kills any beast that drinks of it, for as much as it turns into a stone in the stomach— [Page 53]The said Author undertakes to give a reason for i [...], (to wit) That the Spi­ritus Mundi with a peculiar influence of the Stars upon this Spring more then any other, does excite the astringent and co­agulating property that is in the Sal, one of the three Chymical principles, whereby the water upon r [...]sting, or ceasing of mo­tion, shall convert into a stone. But in my judgement, he had as good have said nothing, for so he may easily solve all the Phaenomena in Nature, be they never so difficult, which have puzled all the Sages of the World, by attributing them to the activity of the Spiritus Mundi, and the Stars in­fluences upon one or more of their three principles, to wit, Sal, Sulphur, and Mercury.

But in all probability; the true cause must be this, that this whole matter that runs out of the Spring, is a Lapidescent juyce, and not water, which when it ceases to move, as it does in the Spring or Rivulet, imme­diately it hardens into a stone. For motion hinders the concretion, as we see in water, which in the coldest [Page 54]weather never frezes while 'tis kept in motion, but let it rest, and then it con­verts to ice.

And so I may say of our petrifying Springs, which only differ in magis and minus, several of which I have seen in this County of York, which do cover a stick, straw, or moss with a stony crust, and these of several co­lours, according to the nature and co­lour of that sort of Lapidescent juyce, which the water hath imbibed.

Of the Dropping-Well.But the most famous of them all, and most petrifying by far of any that this Kingdom affords, is the Dropping-Well at Knaresbrough; it is a Spring that bubbles out of the Earth in a Meadow Close, near adjoyning to the River of Nid, that runs under the Walls of the Town, belonging to Sir Thomas Slingsby: It is as clear as any other Spring-water, and the Cattle drink of it. After thirty or forty yards from the Spring, it runs by a very small channel into a spungy porous Rock, about twelve yards long, which hangs upon the edge of another stony Rock, (all the earth thereabouts be­ing [Page 55]rocky) there it diffuses it self, and continually distils through the pores of the spungy Rock, like a plentiful rain, into the ground that is under it, much lower then the Meadow. That ground into which it drops, is all be­come a solid Rock, wherein if a stick or moss be suffered to lie some while, it covers it with a stony crust, and in time converts it into a stone, some­what like Lime-stone, but clearer and smother; from thence it runs into the River of Nid, which is within a dou­ [...]en yards of it, where the Spring-water has made a Rock, that stretches some yards into the River.

There are no symboles of any pe­trifying property in the Spring or Stream that runs from it, upon straws or moss, till it comes into the Rock; which to my apprehension seems to be made by the petrification which the water at the beginning might receive from the Rock upon which it hangs, from which it might derive a Lapides­cent juyce, and doubtless it is now emi­nently exalted in its coldness from the spungy Rock, for it is a very cold water [Page 56]which quality meeting with the Lapi­descent juyce, and a small proportion of a fixed Salt, doth produce the petrify­ing property.

This water is in esteem for staying of inveterate Fluxes of the belly, of which they use to drink a long time together without any harm at all; and I have sometimes observed, without any benefit as to the staying of the Flux. If it be evaporated away, it leaves in the bottom of the vessel a very sharp and gretty stone-powder, somewhat salt and brackish, for the fire fixes the Lapidescent juyce. Our Author calls it Nitre, following there­in Kircher; but I have proved it al­ready to be inconsistent with the na­ture and property of Nitre to make a stone. Nor does that salt, which is found in the sediment of the Dropping-Well, shoot into stiria's, as the Nitre does at Scarbrough, and wherever else it has been found.— Now it being plain, and that by his own confession, that Scarb. Spaw has in it abundance of Nitre, ( p. 34.) it is impossible it should be petrifying, or make a stone. [Page 57]And since 'tis also manifest, that the Dropping Well has no Nitre in it, it fol­lows that the parallel is naught and frivolous.

A rare case of help in the stone.To sum up all in a few words: while Doctor Tonstall has designed to charge it on the Spaw, that it breeds the stone in the kidneys and bladder, he has in truth proved by an instance drawn from himself, tha [...] it is an ex­cellent water against the Stone, foras­much as when he knew not from any foregoing symptomes, that he had any stones in his kidneys, save only that he had formerly been cut for the S [...]one, and his private constitution might again incline him to it: It did not only like a light brought into a dark r [...]om, discover a lurking Thief, (as I had occasion to express it else where) to wit, a Stone and that with­in the space of one fortnight, but had also so much power and efficacy as to expel it, and also to set nature on work some weeks after, to clear it self of the stones and gravel which it had dis­lodged, which if they had been retent within the body, would undoubtedly [Page 58]have increased to a greater bulk, per­haps in a little more time impossible to be expelled, and so have drawn him into a necessity of another cutting.

I have been the longer in this Ar­gument, both because in this he seems herein to be most earnest, often pro­testing in choler enough, on purpose to gain Proselytes and beget belief (though I think there are but few to be found, that will judge the over­flowing of his Gill, to add any force to his Argument) and because some others even of eminent Quality of my Friends, whom I very much honour, had some such jealousie, upon this ve­ry ground, that they never discovered that they had the symptomes of the Stone, till this Water found it out, and expelled both stones and gravel; while yet scarce any of that Family have been free from the Stone, that lived to any competent years: And further, because on this Hypothesis, Hang all the rest of the Arguments of accusation which he brings against the water.

What need I say any more in p [...]i [...]t [Page 59]of Reason, to convince wise men of the ungroundedness of this his charge; I shall add a little more in point of experience, that I have lately met with very many intelligent Persons, who ha­ving had large experience of the be­nefit by this water in the Stone, either in themselves or their relations, have read this his charge with some indig­nation, and have willingly effered their testimony. Ile mention but two for brevity.

Mr. John Beaumont of Frankfesse in York-shire, Another his Wife had been very many years subject to grievous fits of the Stone, for which she had taken much advice, though with little suc­cess; she went afterwards to Knares­brough and drank those waters, but found no benefit; then her Husband brought her to Scarb. which water brought away the matter of Stone in Gravel and Sand to a great proportion, even in one weeks time, since when (being now five years) she has had no necessity of returning to the Spaw, being free of all symptome [...]. — Himself also very much subject to Hy­pochondriack [Page 60]Wind, which much disturb­ed his head with strange fantasies, finds perfect cure by these waters, having frequented them now these twelve years, and so resolves to continue while God spares life, being aged sixty and five.

Another special Case.The other is the Experience of Mr. George Waugh of Newcastle, a neighbor of Dr. Tonstals, expressed in his letter to me.

Sir, I judge my self obliged to give my testimony of the Spaw, and its good effects in my cas [...]. And fi [...]st, I bless God that he has afforded me so great help by it; and also I let you know, that it proved eff [...]ctual almost beyond my first belief of the water, even to my admiration. In the year 1669. at my first visiting of the Well, the water did not onely bring away a con­fi [...]m [...]d stone, as large as any Date-st [...]ne, with its bed in which it lay, but as I found did also soften and dissolve what was more in my Body, so that at one Urine (as I re­member) I voided above a dozen stones, most of them as large as a white pease, which did lie in the bason as stones; but I draining the water off, and thinking to take [Page 61]them up, they would not bear their own weight, but betwixt my fingers became sand, and these I voided the very day I left the Spaw. At my return in 1670. I had not arunk eight pints of the water the first morning, until a large quantity of the tartarous tough matter that breeds the stone came away, which I know was caused by the vertue of the Water.

I am your, &c. GEORGE WAUGH.

Here I think fit to insert a story that I have heard from a Gentleman of Quality who asserts the truth of it. A Gentleman that was sorely afflicted with the Stone of the Bladder, was cut for it, and a stone of great bigness was taken out, his Friend begged it of him, and made a knife-haft of it; as he was sitting at dinner one day with other Friends, they held long in discourse, while his knife laid still up­on his trencher, which when he took up, he found the haft to have a dimple in it on one side, and observing, he [Page 62]judged it to have proceeded from a Radish upon which the hast had laid, which had dissolved it: this gave oc­casion to another Gentleman, who was wont to be severely tormented with the Stone, to eat Radishes much, which he found to dissolve the Stone in his Bladder, and bring it away in abundance of Gravel and Sand, so as he was afterwards freed from his dis­ease.

Note. But I must look back to ( p. 15.) where our Author tells a story of Mr. Stone's Son, (its the Printers mistake, for it should be Mr. Stow a Gentleman of Newton upon Trent in Nottingham­shire how that the Spaw at Knaresb. hel­ped towards the healing of his wound in the neck of the Bladder, after he had been cut for the Stone, for which great cure (sayes our Author) he did frequent that Spaw many yeares af­ter. — Ile go on with the story▪ this Gentlemen and his Son having heard of the fame of Scarb. Spaw, did about eight or nine years ago make a journey thither, in which water they found so much more real benefit in [Page 63]that disease of the Stone then they had before, that to this day they never returned to Knaresb. but have been constant drinkers of Scarb. waters, either going thither, or else sending for the water to Newton, though it be near thirty miles further distant then the other.

Another story he tells ( p. 35.) of one that was brought very low in a Hectick Peaver, and sadly troubled with a shortness of breath, but found no Re­medy till drinking of Knaresb. Spaw he coughed up stones every day. If this Patient (sayes he) had been sent to Scarbrough, what had become of him? — I dare say he knows not, for it well appears he does not under­stand that water, either through defect of opportunities of observation, or from a judgement swayed aside by de­sign, or blinded by interest. But it is not my disposition now to make a com­parison betwixt these two waters: Let them agree till they meet say I, and then if they fall out, I know which is the nimbler, and better mettal'd too. But our Author should have done well [Page 64]to have informed himself what inten­tion the Doctor designed, that in a difficulty of breathing he should advise him to drink that water, and whether he knew there were any stones in his Lungs, and could expect that the wa­ter should help their expectoration, or whether it was not rather some ac­cidental cure that he expected not. He should also have told us what ma­nifest quality there is in that water to promote the coughing up of stones, more then there is in Scarbrough, and whether it was expected to be per­formed by some occult quality: And whether or no a mistaken fantasie in Dr. T. will hereafter prove a real im­pediment in Scarb. Spaw for the doing of cures.

Of clay and sand in the Spaw.But I may not pretermit that he accu­ses this water to have sand and clay in it, whereby it hurts feeble stomachs, and be undertakes (p. 23.) to tell what proportion there is of it in the water.— This has been in part answered already, while we were discoursing about the stone particles, wherein he placed the petri­fying property. We have said before, [Page 65]that the fire does condense some fixed parts of the mineral and metalline sub­stances, or the Earth through which it passes, yet exceeding short of that proportion that he mentions, nor in­deed is it worth enquiry, since never my harm came by it, be it more or less, these thirty years to my know­ledge, that might be reasonably ascri­bed to any such cause. But let us exa­mine it first in Reason, and then we will come to Experience.

All sorts of water have ear­ [...]y mat­ter.This is certain, that the most pure simple water in all the world, being torr [...]fied in the fire, as we do in extracting the minerals out of this water, will be found to have sand and other earthy matter in it, as Mr. Boyle has made out: For he sayes, take the purest and most common Spring-water, and distil it in the purest glass retort an hundred times over, and there shall ever) time be found a quantity of sand as a bottom sediment. Especially Mineral-waters. But this is more especially true in Mineral-wate [...]s, and still more in such of them as have imbibed Mi­neral-juyces, whether they be hot or cold Springs, & never till now did any▪ [Page 66]man of Art esteem them the worse for it: Such as that at Bourbon in France, the minerals whereof have been shewn me by the Noble Lord Falconberge, and yet by the Advice of all the Physitians that water is taken inwardly, as also our own at Bathe. So the Acque Ace­tese at Rome, the Pouhout and Sauvenir in Germany, Epsam, Tunbridge, Barnet, Astrap, Ieatham, yea and that of Kna­resb. upon my own knowledge, which upon the evapora [...]ion of the water, (as I do at Scarb.) yields a great pro­portion of clay and sand (as he calls it) and scarce any thing else. Yea Dr. French in his Book of that water con­fesses it.

Note. He refer him to a Chymist, who will tell him this is common to other Springs of this sort. Petrus Johannes Faber in his Hydrogr. Spagyr. ( lib. 1. cap. 4. pag. 16.) treating of Mineral-water, and wherein consists their vir­tues, has these words.— Nam distil­latis aquis quacunque Arte ex nonnullis Fontibus infinitarum quasi vir [...]utum, ni­hil repertum est in fu [...]do distill [...]ti [...]nis, praterquam Limus, & Terra quaed [...]m [Page 67]crassa & faeculenta nullius virtutis & ef­ficaciae &c. (to wit) by what Art so­ever the Waters of some springs be distilled, wh [...]ch are yet of infinite ver­tue, nothing is to [...]nd in the bot [...]om but mud, and some gross and earthy dregs of no vertue, and efficacy a [...]l. And thus I am certain it is with Kn [...] ­resb. which this year he ex [...]ols so much, and which either our Author has not observed, or out of design is not wil­ling to acknowledge.

And therefore either he did not ☜ know this when he writ this Book, or he did. If he had not known it, then it betokens ignorance in a considerable point of Philosophy, and in that part wherein he ought especially to have been better instructed.— If he did know it, and yet goes about to buz it into the heads of the vulgar as a pe­culiar fault of Scar [...]rough, it savours still worse, he might as well accuse any of them as this; nay upon this Hypothesis, no water in the world should be wholsome to be drunk, be­cause of the sand or gravel that is in it, which fire discovers. Although for any [Page 68]man to repine at it, were doubtless an Atheistical presumption, and a grie­vous sin against God, who has so order­ed in his infinite wisedom, while either its not worse for our bodies, or if it be, it depends upon his Will, who not only in his Statute and Decree has de­termined us all to be subject to death, but also in his wise provision of things most necessary for our being, will gra­dually dispose our bodies to a state of mutation and corrptibility.

What could our Author expect (I wonder) to find the element of water? No ele­ment of water to be found, Surely no: all Fountains are mixed bodies made up of the four elements, and in respect of the earth which is the matrix within which they are ge­nerated, and to which they are so nearly united, they partake largely of a terrestrial matter.

Scarb. Spaw ex­cellent for a feeble stomach. I do seriously profess, I could never observe any the least harm to feeble Stomachs, but have always found it highly to sharpen the appetite, and also further the concoction. Nay I am cer­tain there is not in Nature a more speedy Remedy for a debilitated Sto­mach. [Page 69]Never did any feeble Stomach (if that was the main fault) return from these waters without eminent good success, when they were regular and would be advised. My Lord of Suffolk's stupendious cure which I mention ( p. 174. of Scarb. Sp. Edit. 2.) confirms this, with others that are there recited. Nor if you mind, does he bring any instance to confirm this charge, but as in the former indict­ment about its breeding the Stone, he has no witness but himself, nor one plausible argument to prove it; so here he stands alone to make good this accusation against that cloud of wit­nesses which I have produced, al­though I am certainly informed from some that know full well, he did earn­estly endeavor to procure some to at­test them both, but was severely re­jected.

I have know some Persons of qua­lity, who when they came, could not sit down at the Ordinaries with others, lest they should give offence by their con [...]inual belching, which always seised on them at meat, who found a perfect [Page 70]cure by the waters, and some additi­onal helps which I thought fit. [...] may confidently say, I have know many scores that through debility of the re­tentive faculty of the Stomach, were wont to puke up their meat before it was half concocted, that have found cures, even when all other means have failed, and when they have been supposed to be far in consumptions.

A rare cure.Major Samuel Taylor a Gentleman wel [...] known to our Superiors, and the high [...]st Grandees of the Kingdom, by a Comm [...]ssion he has from his Majesty for the making of the Mould at Tan­ger, was about n [...]ne [...]een years ago so low brought with a lingring weakness, attended with a constant Cough, and ioss of appetite, that his legs could scarce bear him, and was wholly given up by all as in a Consumption, found here a perfect cure in a very short time. The two or three last years finding at Tanger the old symptomes returning, which brought him so weak that he could not attend his employment but on h [...]rseback, he obtaind leave to come for England purposely to drink these [Page 71]waters at Scarbrough, wherein by the way (especially at London) he met with sufficient discouragements from many (otherwise knowing) persons, fearing the waters would kill him [...] grounding their jealousies upon this Book of D. [...]nstal, but his former experience had fixed his resolution, so as the last Sum­mer ( viz. 1670.) he came to Scarb. and staid about three weeks, then af­ter a few weeks respit and recess he come again, and staid nine or [...]ten days at the waters, and was reduced (God be praised) to his perfect health, strength and stomach, as ever he had in all his life.

An ap­peal.I appeal to all the Lords, Ladies, Gentlemen, and others that were ever advised by me at these waters at Scar­brough, for I cannot justifie the drink­ing of them abroad, when perhaps it may be adulterated by the Carriers, or else become putrid, whether they have not found their stomachs advan­ced by it, both in point of appetite and digestion. Our Landlords tables in Scarb. finde we want not stomacks, where we feed like Farmers, and are [Page 72]heartily merry, year and he himself in the two Summers that he visited the waters, know it to be true.

Its very usual for many to come in various cases on their own accords, and so drink largely and boldly with­out any advice first had, or direction in drinking, and they think all is well because the water passes freely with them, if such return without success or get harm, where is the fault? Possi­bly our Author may have met with some of these, which he could not re­dress, though perhaps another might; must it needs be charged upon the water or its principles?

Several Indict­ments against Scr. Sp. answered.He is indeed very forward in his Accusation, and in this very point he confesses ( p. 21) he preferred an In­dictment against the Water before the Lord Falconberge about the sandy faeces, while yet he acknowledges he was not cer­tain, but that much of it came by the carelesness of the Porter that brought him the water.— I could reply to the purpose if I were disposed, but I know my limits. Sure. I am that noble Lord is so well knowing, and throughly sa­tisfied [Page 73]with the innocency and excellency of this water, that no man can impose upon him, nor will his Lordship own any thing that tends to its disparage­ment.

But there is yet another fault which he fancies to ensue from the sand and clay that he has told of, and the stone faeces, (to wit) that they are plastered upon the inner coat of the bowels, disturb the peristaltick motion, and obstruct the attraction of the lacteal veins. — Hard words indeed, enough to fright chil­dren, but they that are wise will not be startled at Bugbears. Posito uno ab­surdo mille sequuntur; the cause and the effect are much alike. The truth is, 'tis nothing more then a frivolous conceit, and not worthy to be repli­ed to.

But this effect of the sand becomes a cause of still furthers mischief, (to wit) that after you have drunk a month with success, it takes a testy jadish fit, and will neither go backward nor forward, ( p. 25.) and sayes he, ( p. 26.) Is this the manner of other waters? — Yes, I can tell him, that Knaresb. water [Page 74]will not go through at any time in or­dinary bodies, Scarbr. compared with Kua­resb. unless it be either drawn or driven; and shall I say it is from the sandy sediment which I found upon evaporation? Surely no, but for want of another thing which he calls the essence of a Spaw, which should carry it through. But I am not quarrelsome against that water. He had told his friends the last year when he invited them to come to Scarbr. that it was a nimble and well working water, and if he could have brought about his design, it would so have con­tinued this year.

Compared with the German.I am certain no water in the world that I read of, is less guilty of this fault then Scarb. nay let them find me ano­ther that will pass a month together with like success. I am certain the German come far short of it, for as Dr. Heer confesses in his Spadacrene, ( p. 122.) they have scarce one stool in eight days that drink of it, even such as were wont to retrograde once eve­ry day at home. But it after so well working there happen to be any ob­struction, must the fault needs be in [Page 75]the water? Is it not possible that Na­ture may be weary after a month, and so become a slug? Or may it not a­rise from some accidental thing in the Patient? Do we not see freequently that the same dose of Diet-drink which we prescribe, comes sometimes far short of what it operates at another day, and if so, where is the alteration but in the body?

Accidents at all wa­ters.Its very ordinary for accidents to happen at all these waters, and there­fore there is need of Physitians that understand them, and know how to correct them, although as rarely at Scarb. as at any other in the world. As for the Lord he mentions, in whom it stopt after a months well working, I know whom he means; that Lord told me he could never get quit of him, till at length he yielded to take something of him; and I profess se­riously, his Lordship told me, he found no manner of alteration: So I gave him somewhat to take off the waters, and he returned home with benefit, having come above two hundered miles.

The truth is, its against my will for any one to drink this water a whole month together, but rather I advise to a little intermission, and then go to it again, if the work be not done.

Dr. T. wrests the Authors sense.But he seems to confirm this asser­tion from my own expressions in my Book, as you may see in his twenty sixth page— Thus where I am lay­ing down cautions about orderly and regular drinking, that no man hurt himself through want of a Rule, he converts them to arguments against the water, as is observable throughout his whole discourse. Do not all Au­thors that treat of such subjects, lay down rules and give cautions for or­derly drinking of the waters they treat of? As Dr. Heers and others of the German, Dr. Dean and Dr. French of Knaresbrough, Dr. Roosy of Tunbridg, &c. and must all these be wrested to a contrary sense, as that they imply some faults in their waters; certainly nothing can be more disingenious. Sure I am none of these ever met with such contradiction, and wresting of [Page 77]their sense as I have done. But I allow every man his humour, though it costs me some Trouble, provided the end may be good, as here it will. — I now proceed.

Of the Es­sence of Spaws.He sayes in his Preface, that the Essence of Scarb. Spaw is fit for the Cup of a Prince, but the Caput Mortuum, which is that he calls the Stonefillings, Clay and Sand, is for nothing but the Brick-Layers Trowel.—Tis well there is any any thing in it that is good. — Now by the Essence he means the refined parts (to wit) the Mineral Salts, which are extracted by force of Fire. But I wonder why the grosser of fixed parts should be excluded from being Essential to the Water, any more then the Body, which is of a grosser substance then the Soul should be excluded from being the Essential part of a Man.

Sca [...]br. compared with Knaresb.If the Salt be the only Essence, then it will follow that Knaresb. Water which this year he magnifies so much, has little or no Essence, for in the Evaporation of 10. Gallons, I had a great quantity of Clay and Sand, as I [Page 78]said before, and but 17. Grins of Salt, 3. pints of Scarb. Water affording as much: So the consequent must b [...] that there is nothing n Knaresb. Spaw fit for a Prince, since it has little or nothing of Essence.

The the Volatile spirits.But the truth is, there is yet ano­ther thing that is Essential to all these sorts of Waters, and that is their Vo­latile parts which being Aetherial do easily van [...]sh by the innate heat of Fountaines even without Fire, and canot be catched by any Project of Art, and their consists much of their Virtue, although their purging pro­perty lyes mainly in their S [...]lts. and much of their Deoppila [...]ing too: And if it were not for this Knaresb. Spaw were not worth a Rush, while yet we know it wants not Virtue, although it rarely passes by Siege, only by V­rine, which so much whey would do, or common Water, although not with that Benefit. And hence it is as I am certainly informed from some that know it full well, that he himself sends for Scarb. Water to Newc [...]stle, out of which he extracts that which [Page 79]he calls the Essence, and gives it with Knaresb. Water (even at Knares­brough) as a great Secret, which o­ther Phisicians there must not know, on purpose to further its Operation.

But as for those gross Parts which after Evaporation will not pass the Filter, and are common to all Mine­ral Waters (as I said before), they are for the most part nothing else then the Fixed parts of these Mineralls or Metalls which the fire condenses, though in our Bodies they are not Discoverable, and are of singular use for the making of the Waters more safe for inward Uses and ends, con­ducing to the fortifying of the Natu­rall Parts. For if the piercing Salts were in the Water alone, they would open the Obstructions of the Liver and Mesentery very well, but then they would go nere to spoil the Tone of the Liver, by purging and attenuating too much, but having the Virtue of the gross and fixed parts, there is joyned an Ast [...]iction, by which the Natural Parts are strengthened, Scarb. For­tifies the Liver, &c. and the Tone of the Liver preserved, besides that it [Page 80]secures the Body from running into fluxes; And from hence also comes it, that though it be an aperient Water, yet it stayes the immoderate Fluxes of women.

And this that I say is according to the Doctrine of Galen, who (lib. de Curand. Morb. Cap. De Hep. affect.) advises that in all Hepatick Medicines, some things be added which are Mo­derately Astringent, otherwise Apperi­ent, Piercing and Purging Medicines will undoubtedly debiliate it. And to this agree all our best Writers, and we finde it true in our Practise.

Another charge a­bout the Jaundice.Another grand Indictment that he prefers against Scarb. Spaw is, that it is Obstructive and causes the Jaundice, for proof whereof he cites the Lord E's. Case, ( p. 37.) This is the Case I glance at, ( p. 149) of Scarb. Spaw Edit 2.) in dark Language having no mind to have it publiquely known whom I meant. Dr. T. asked me again and a­gain with very much importunity one day last year at Scar. in great Friend­ship, at least pretended, whose Case it was; If I was prevailed withall by his [Page 81]soothing words to tell him privately, being a Brother of the Facultie, &c. He did unworthily to tell it to the World, so as to charge it as a Fault in a P [...]rson of such Honour in hurting himself with drinking wine. [...]; ☜ What pump me, and then tell abroad my secret? the very School­boys will [...]ame him for this, and are better taught, Nec retinent patulae com­missa, &c. This is not done like a Phy­sitian, but— This brings to my mind a story in Plutarch (de Curiositate) of [...]n Egyptian that was carrying some­thing in a Basket covered. One came to him, and asked what it was that he had covered so close. Ideo (inquit) ob­v [...]lutum est. Tu verò cur curiose vestigas quod occultatum est? Si nihil esset mali non fuisset occultatum: (to wit) It is therefore hid that thou mayst not cu­riously enquire what it is. Had there been no evil in it, it should not have been hid. I must confess, this frets me more then all his Book beside. Ile [Page 82]only add one Advice to every ingenious Reader upon this occasion, which I have out of Publius Cyrus, vi [...]. Ita Amicum h [...]beas posse ut furi hunc I [...]i­micum putes.— So treat your Friend, as if you should suspect he might in time become an Enemy.

He sayes the wat [...] brought his Lord­ship into the Jaundic [...] that killed him, p. 37. I do seriously profess my Lord was in a decaying condition by a Ca­ [...]h [...]xy, and also sick when h [...] came to Scarb. and more fit for his Bed then a Journey of sixty miles. His Lordship drank but three quarts in a whole week, and that altogether against my will and adv ce, and that at twice, (to wit) three pints at a time, and with two days intermission betwixt his two doses, both which passed throughly. What wine was drunk in his Lord­ships company at Scarb. or in his re­turn by York, where he stayed two days, is impertinent either for Dr. T. or me to mention; But sure I am, nei­ther the water nor the wine did him any great harm, so as to have any in­fluence into his death. Nor had be [Page 83]any J [...]undice but a Cachexy, which he brought with him, neither does D. Taylor (whom he mentions) blame the water in the least, against whose per­ [...]asion his Lordship undertook that long journey, and after ten or twelve days died of sickness.

Of the Al­derman of Newcastle.His second instance is of an Alder man of Newcastle, (p. 40) yet he con­f [...]sses the Jaundice did not manifest it self other by urine or the colour of his body, which gave him cause (he says) to suspect that the water had petrified the Gall.— But I pray how came he to know it [...]as the Jaundice, since it appeared not i [...] the colour of the body nor the [...]ine? If Galen's authority be of any value or credit with him, he will tell him by his definition of Icterus, that it is an inseparable difference whereby that d sease must be known, that the choler is diffused through the whole body in the skin. Icterus est effusio hilis in cu [...]em. So Aetius; Est effusio biliosi humoris circum corpus, ob secernentis cum Facultatis debilitatem. And to these agree all the Princes in Physick, as Aretaeus, Paulus, Celsus, Actuarius, &c. [Page 84]as the Learned may see in their. Wri­tings. Yea and all our modern Writer too make it a necessary Adjunct, without which no man can call it a Jaundice, if it appear not in the skin. Yea if he will consider Hippocrates or Helmon [...] either, [...] which are his two great Lights, (as he tells us) they will let him see the Jaundice is not to be judged with­out it do appear in the skin. Helmo [...] has indeed a large dispute ( cap. 4. de Hum. decept.) from whence the effu­sion of the choler proceeds, but yet all along he denominates the Jaundice from its appearance in a yellow co­lour through the whole body in the skin. And therefore I wonder our Author did not consult better for his own Reputation in describing this Disease like an Artist, especially en­gaging in such a design as this, where­in he could not think to escape unsist­ted, either by my self or some other. — Which gave me cause to suspect (says he) that the water had petrified the gall. Dr. T. his new way of demon­stration. — I must confess I can find out no ground for this his suspition that the gall was petrified, nor will any [Page 85]wise man think it a sufficent proof. Had he told us of the signs of it, in all probability they must have been of [...]he same size with those of the Jaun­ [...]ce. The Jaundice he fancied, and that is all the sign we have of it, but [...]ece it appeared not, it gave him ground of suspition, &c. I will leave it to any man of reason to judge of, and especially to those of our faculty.

The Alderman I well remember [...]ayed at Scarb. about sixteen days, and [...]he water passed well with him, yet in that space his gall is suspected to be [...]trified.— Why! this is as speedy [...] petrification as that which was made to himself in his kidneys, and far quicker then that which is made by the Dropping-well, and its to be su­ [...]pected to gratifie him further in his [...]ealousie, 'twill become as speedy as that of the Spring at Clarmont, and so by that time a draught of this water get down, it will turn into a stone in the stomach. But I wonder all this [...]hile that he does not name the Alder­man, being his Neighbor and Patient, [...]nd so have gained it under his hand, [Page 86]which doubtless would have added greater force and authority to his at­testation.

But to give a true account of this case, I shall relate what I have from the Alderman himself though he is not willing to be named. He writes to me, that he was adv [...]sed by Dr. Tonstal to go to Scarb. telling him it was good for his goutish distemper, with which he had been grievously afflicted, the waters ope­rating very well during his stay. About a month after his return home, he was afflicted with an indigestion and purging which confined him to his chamber his stools being of a white colour; this Dr. T. said was a symptome of the Jaundice, and another Physician prescribed him some Chalybeate drinks which did him good, to which Dr. T. added some drops which he called the Essence of Steel, and blamed the petrifying waters of Scarb. for it, though h [...] worthy Alderman says it was but his bare assertion, neither was he per­swaded that his infirmity did deserve that denomination, having never had any the least symptome of that disease, nor ca [...] he say that the water was the cause of [Page 87]that Malady. — But I pray what ground is here for him to say the Gall was petrified, or that it was Jaun­dice, or that the Water drunk a moneth before was in fault. It seems rather to have been a Flux arising from the debility and indigestion of the stomach, then any thing else, and 'tis well he cured, though he did not know wha [...].

Of the Merchants wife.His third instance to prove the Spaw to breed the Jaundis is of like force and Authority with those precedent: It is of a Merchants wife with childe, who after some few dayes drinking of this water at Scarbrough, and within [...] dayes after she gate home was taken with a paine in her Right side ( p. 41) Phlebotomy was thrice ordered, then an Antimonial v [...]mit, yet (sayes he) so obdurated was the Gall by the Petrifying property of Scarb. Water, as I suspected, that none other signe appeared of the Jaun­dice, but a return of her pain three or four times over, at length a ternary Spirit of Wine. Niter and Mercury Elixerated dissolved the congealed Choler, and then did the disease shine forth in it Saffron [Page 88]Colour; after three recidivations she was pluckt out of the jawes of death, beyond the hopes of all her Friends.

Let us now examine the Case of this Patient as tis here laid down by Dr. T. Who because he is so severely bent from this disease to deduce an Ar­gument against the Spaw, I shall take the more liberty to consider of it, and do not at all doubt to evince, that this Argument is as weak as those that preceeded, and altogether ground­less; Yea that he laboured under a grievous mistake in reference both to his Diagnosticks about this disease, and also the cure.

☞ It is a Woman with Child, and as I am certainly informed from them that know, betwixt five and fix Moneths gone. The disease is the Obduration of the Gall, the Cause whereof is the Petrifying Property of the Spaw; the Evidence or Proof — as he suspected — To this was joyned the Jaun­dice, this proved by a return of pain in her Right fide three or four times over. The Remedies were Phleboto­my unto 36 ounces, as I am ascer­tained [Page 89]by them that made Observa­tion, then an Antimonial vomit, and lastly a Mountebank Medicine of fiery hot Spirits of Wine. Niter and Mer­cury Elixerated does the feat, and the Saffron Colour appeares in the Skin.

Of the Ob­duration of the Gall & Jaundice.I pray what proof is here of the Obduration of the Gall more then what we had in the Aldermans Case, (to wit) his Suspicion, which is a new way of demonstration, which I do wonder he would offer now the second time to publike view. And what have we to prove the Jaundice? Why, nothing but his Jealousie — a return of pain in the side three or four times over — I wonder where he learned, or over read of this to be a Signe of the Jandice; I dare say neither out of Hippocrates nor Helmount his two great Lights, no nor out of any solid Au­thor.

As to the means he used for the Cure of this Patient (to wit) to take blood in one so far gone with Childe, three times over, unto 36. Ounces besides the Vomit; I'le not joyn with the Wo­men [Page 90]in Censuring him: The Case might be extraordinary, and then Extremis Morbis Extrema Remedia. Yet this I shall say, a Physician had need be upon a very sure ground, that in such a Critical case as this was, shall go in an extraordinary method, — But I must confess I cannot but laugh at his Medicine. The D [...]sease was a violent Fever with an Acute pain in a part, and here is a violent, hot Me­dicine, which must needs inflame the part more, and increase both the Fever and its Symptomes, and so bring on Relapses. Besides that Niter in the Spaw in suspected to have petrifyed the Gall, and Congealed the Choler, and here Niter is fancyed to be the d [...]ssol­vent. I am sorry I am forced to point at these things, but I cannot avoid it, since they lye in my wa [...]. — But re­ally it is such a H [...]dgpotch of Art, as I never met with before.

Dr. T. un­der a gross mistake.I am afraid my Friend will suffer more from his Brethren in the Faculty about this Disease, and its Signe, Symptomes and C [...]re exp [...]ss [...]d then he did by the Women abou [...] so often [Page 91]bleeding and vomiting this Gentlewo­man. The truth is, I had good grounds of Jealousie by his Description of the Case, that he was mistaken in the dis­ease, and therefore I writ to a Friend at Newcastle, that had oppertunities of Observation, enquiring if there were not joyned to the rest of Symptomes mentioned by him, a bilious Vomiting and a Singultus: The return I had was that they were both joyned. This did ascertin me that the disease was an Inflamation of the Liver, which had be­guiled him all the while; and no marvel shee relapsed so often since the Remedies were so hot. Had he con­sulted Hippocrates, he would have cou [...] ­celled him to another Method, name­ly cooling and opening Medicine [...]. So Galen, Paulus, Celsus.

But its may be he will say, he does not approve of the old Me [...]hod, but uses hot things in Fevers.—It ap­peares so indeed; In the mean time that Patient is to be pittied that must be so treated. I have had occasion to speak to this point in my Answer to Hydrol. Chim. ( p. 139.) and therefore [Page 92]Il'e say no more now, since there is little danger of any young Students to become Proselytes to our Author, that shall observe either his discription of Diseases, or the Success of his Me­dicines.

But the Truth of the story is this. It was taken at the first for a Plurisie, and so was managed for twenty dayes, till the method proving altogether in­effectual, Other Physicians were cal­led into Consultation, who modestly confess they looked upon the disease as desperate, little Room being left for Action; and do threfore blame Dr. T. for chalenging to himself the honour of this Cure, which was due to God alone, who beyond all hopes, and in defect of due meanes, does often­times grant a Signal Recovery.

Nor is there any the least ground to think that either the Gall was obdurated; or the Choler congea­led; but even the diffusion of the Choler into the Skin does still more plainly evince, that it was no other then the Phlegmon or Inflammation of the Liver, which happening in the De­clination [Page 93]or latter end of the Fever af­forded a good Judication, and that the Fever would soon terminate.

Now because it shall appear that I offer nothing of my own private opi­nion in this particular; I will produce the Testimony of some of our P [...]inci­pal W [...]iters in P [...]sick, to prove that Symptomes here reckoned up as con­concurring in this Patient, do most cer [...]ainly denote the Inflamation of the Liver, and no other disease. And [...]f a Physician mistake the disease, he must undoubtedly fail of the Cure, or ha­zard the Patient with frequent Re­lapses. And in this I refer to the Judgment of all the Learned Bre­thren of our Faculty.

Of the in­flammation of the Li­ver. Aretaeus ( lib. 3. de re med. Cap. a Morbo Regio) Expresses it thus. St [M [...]rbus Regius] cumfebre & biliosis ejectionibus fiat, & gravitas sit circa dextrum praecordium, inflammatio fer­vens judicatur ipsius Hepatis, ob quam bilescens Sanguis per totum Corpus fertur. To which Ile add that of Cornelius Cel­sus (lib. 2. de re med. cap. 7)) Fre­quent Singultus & praeter consuetudinem [Page 94]continuus, jecur inflammatum esse signifi­cat; and a little after,— Si Hepar inflammatum est, dolor in communiomni­bus adest in dextro Hypochondrio, transi­ens sursum ad Claviculam (this I guess made our Author think it to be a Pleurifie.) D [...]orsum ad spurias usque Costas, ebris acuta, tusses siccae, sitis, cibi inappetentia, spirandi difficultas, & al­vus Suppressa est. And Actius recko­ning up the signes of the Inflammation of the Liver, mentions these— Fe­bris acuta inaequalis, spirandi difficultas, tussiculae parvae ut plurimum siccae, vomi­tiones biliosae, Costae ut plurimum condoli­tant, Corporis Color Subvertitur, & in Arquati speciem permutatur, singult [...]s quoque consequuntur. —From hence nothing can more plainly appear, then that this disease was in truth the In­flammation of the Liver; The yellow colour of the skin being one signe among the rest, coming in the close of the fever, and consequently it was not the effect of the Spaw, but of the Phlegmon of the Part,

And as he mistook in his Diagno­sticks or judging of the disease, so I must [Page 95]in kindness to him and his Business for the future, (if he will accept it so) let him know, that he was out of his Therapeuticks or the Remedies, that ternary Spirit of Wine, Niter. &c. Be­ing as improper as any thing he could have pitcht upon, which who so uses in like case, must expect nothing less then a long disease, as this proved to be, and frequent Relapses, to the ex­tream hazard of the Patients life. Ad calidam Hepatis intemperiem utendum [...]sset perfrigerantibus, & corroborantibus Viscus moderate, &c. A Vino in to­tum Aegri abstineant, ni ob aliam Can­sam nempe stomachi debilitatem utan­tur, & tunc tenne & parum aquae fe­t [...]ns aquosum ipsis detur. So sayes Pau­lus Aegineta ( de re med. c. 46. de hep. effect) Here a cooling diet is pre­scribed, and Wine wholy forbiden, and much more Spirit of Wine.

Thus I have sifted these three Ca­ses, which he brings in to pro [...]e that this water caused the Jaundice, or petrifyed the Gal, and have found them all very weak, and not to have been bottomed on Reason or Verity.

The Spaw cures the Jaundice.I [...] I were disposed and it were needful to bring instances of Experi­ence in this point. I could multiply Cures of the Jaundice by this water. I shall content my self with two for brevity sake. Sir John Legards Lady of Ganton within a few miles of Scarb. had a Jaundice that long resisted Re­medies in a Rational Method, and was perfectly cured by the Spaw in a few dayes, being thereto recommended by another Lady, who had Experien­ced a Cure in the same Disease; and this consented to by Dr. Arnold hir Physician, who knew it to be a Rational advice.

Mr. William Hodgson Minister of Scarbrough was for the space of [...] yeares, ever and anon falling into the Jaundice, especially Spring and Fall nay, one time it continued upon him almost all the year, notwithstanding his Endeavours after a Cure: I Since he was setled at Scarb. which is now a­bout four years, he has found a per­fect Cure by the Spaw.

But seeing our Author is so extream­ly severe, as that he has so f [...] [Page 97]stretched to prove this water to be ob­structive, I judge it very pertinent here to tell a story, which to him is Argu­mentum ad hominem.

In anno 1668. Dr. Tonstal came to ☜ me at Scarb. A rare cure of Dr. T's Wife. pretending his only business was to take my advice about his Wife, whose belly never fell after a Child that she had born, not could he with all his Art take it down, not­withstanding he had used much means about it, as he told me. If (said he) you can advise to any method that may [...] it, or you think the Spaw may conduce thereto, for you understand it better then I who am a stranger to it, then I will send for her, else Ile return forthwith.—To be short, after some queries which I made, being resolved— I advised him to send for her not doubting of [...]cure; so he did, and within one week she came by sea from Newcastle. Then he brought her to me, with whom I had some conference while we took three or four turns upon the sands. I advised her Husband to give her some preparatives, and something [...]se with the water to further the in­tention. [Page 98]After a few days her bodies did lace close, that could not meet within three or four inches before. She continued to drink a month, and returned perfectly well, and so conti­nues to this day, free from all swel­ling, it being near [...]hree years since. But we have not a syllable of this in his Book.

He is un­thankful.Now this water that could open the Lact [...]ae, and small veins of the mesen­tery, which was the means of this cure, how can it be thought to be an obstructive water, and to breed the Jaundice? I leave it to the judgement of wise and impartial men, nay to himself to pause on, the Cure being sufficiently known at Newcastle. Cer­tainly its an ill requital which here he makes to the Spaw for that excellent Cure, and he is extreamly disinge­nious.

Nothing is more ordinary then to see (at these waters) those that are corpulent, taken down in their bellies more or less, even sometimes a span, when they are willing to follow ad­vice, that some few other medicin [...] [Page 99]may be joyned to further the inten­tion, which could not possibly be done if it were obstructive. Nor is there a better thing in nature for taking away the reliques of all inveterate Agues, It cures Agues. which sufficiently makes it out to be aperitive.

It is found in dayly experience to be very beneficial against the Scurvy refining the Blood, So the Scurvy strengthening the natural parts, and correcting all the symptomes of it, which fully evinces it to be of a deoppilative or opening vertue: Besides the purging property which all along he acknowledges, is directly contrary to the obstructive.

An aged Gentleman Mr. Christopher Adams of Camelsford in York-shire, seventy three years old, well known to our Author himself, in vexation against these frivolous cavils of his, offers me this his testimony, which he accounts himself obliged in justice to give. viz. That for six years toge­ther he was miserably tormented with pain in his legs, feebleness in his knees, frequent faintings, and a dry itch over all his skin. He had advised [Page 100]with several Physitians, who had or­dered him Diet-drinks, Diaphoreticks, Oyntments, &c. but without any suc­cess at all. He came at length to Scarb. and upon drinking of that water found perfect ease in all these said sym­ptomes. He had also been sore afflicted with dizziness in his head, and loss of memory; his understanding also was sometimes so clouded, that he could not discern the quarters of Heaven, or know the E [...]st from the West, and sometimes was wont to fall. By the use of the Spaw he recovered out of all the said symptomes, and never had any fi [...]s since considerable; for pre­vention whereof he has continued his annual visits at Scarbrough these seven years, though he lives at forty miles distance.

Dr T. is censured by the Women.But I may not pass it over that out Author tells us he fell under the ob­l [...]quy and censure of the women for [...]i [...] severity to the Merchant's Wife we mentioned even now, which puts him to his vindication, ( p. 42.) where he bids them take notice that it is his prin­ciple when he sees his duty, to pursue it to [Page 101]the hazzard of his credit, &c. — I do indeed take him to be an honest man, and a faithful Physitian, and here to clear up all scruple, we have it now the second time under his own hand; For ( p. 14.) he had told his Friends, he gave no worse counsel to them then he took himself, and wishes that all Physitians were bound with his girdle — and here he will hazzard his credit in the doing of his duty— What can a man say more to make out his integrity? though honesty tends little to the curing of diseases, but that its necessary a Phy­sitian endeavour after other accom­plishments, that he may understand aright both the nature of Diseases, lest he mistake one for another, and also the matter of Physick that he may ap­ply sutable remedies: Yet it is so va­luable a qualification, that all persons that are ingenious, know how preci­ous a thing a good name is, when they see it so eminently appear, should forbear to be censorious, especially when they are not able to discern but that he may be in the right, other­wife it is the greatest discourage­ment [Page 102]that a Physitian can fall under.

He taxes his Bre­thren.Had our Author desisted here he had been much more innocent, but having justified himself he condemns his Brethren of the Faculty. And though (says he) I be singular in this point from the most of my Brethren, whose wisdom it is to secure themselves from an evil report, by doing nothing in a doubtful case, yet I have not so learned Christ.

How sutes this with Reason or Re­ligion, when he is blaming the Wo­men for their rash censuring of him, that with the same breath he should censure others? while he tells us he is singular in this point from the most of his Brethren, does it not savour too much like that of the Pharisee, I am not like this Publican? what mans wis­dom can suffice to secure himself from an evil report, when some mens pens or tongues are so lavish as we finde them? doubtless he that has learned Christ aright, will take care to mani­fest it in love and charity towards others, and Charity judges the best, and censures no man.

Again in such doubtfull Cases its ever the safest for a Physician to call in for the Advice and help of his Brethren, and not to hazard the pre­cious life of any person in making dubious and private Experiments. And what hopes can a Patient have from a consultation of Physicians, when they are not in Charity one with ano­ther?

In this his severe Censure, I would hope he does not fix it upon his Bre­thren at a distance, whose practise he knowes not: And as for those that are neer about him, I know several of them so well, that I must needs say, I think there is not any cause, why they should be excluded from having an equal Magnanimity with himself in this point.

But there is one thing I may not overlook ( p. 38.) he tels us he was present at Physick-Lecture in London, where the Professour discoursing of the Jaundice, brought forth three or four Stones that had been bred in the Gall, which he had caused a Gentltwoman to void (by stool) with a sharp Dose of wor­king [Page 104]Phisick. — I am afraid our A [...] ­thor was mistaken in the Professors D [...]scourse for what passage is there from the Gall to the Guts to convey Stones, and how could he think by a­ny Dose of Phisick to excite Nature to expel them out of the Gall? I suspect the Ductus Cholid chu [...] will not afford sufficient passage for Stones, (which sometimes I have seen to be very large, and in the form of a race of Gin­ger) no more then the small veines of the Mesentery will admit of Sand or Gravel to pass into the Kidneys, to be­come the matter of stones there.

Of the Gowt.(P. 43. He accuses it to be ill for the Gowt, and cites his own Cafe, that it made him go limping a Fortnight after. — But I suspect he takes Non Cau­sam pro Causa, but in this as in every thing else, he makes himself both Plaintiffe, and Witness, and Judge. This is so much contrary to the pro­perty of it as Water, which is a good Preservative against the Gowt, and as such a water, that is impregnated with those Mineral Principles in which we are agreed, that it deserves no fur­ther [Page 105]Reply. — Besides the Experi­ence my self, who have had some gentle fits of the Gowt, and se­veral others who have ever found it a good Preven [...]tive, even when there has been some inclination to it by cooling the Mass of Blood, and cor­recting and purging the Acrimo­nious Hamours; only I ever joyn some other thing to further the in­tention.

The Spaw needs pre­paratives.(P. 44.) He sayes no Spaw in the World has less need of Preparatives, and more need of Purges then this, and that he never observed that any at the first morning Draught wanted a speedy passage by the back doore.—Herein I de­clare his Observation to come short, for though it ordinarily it failes not to pass through at the first, yet some Constitutions there are especially especially such as are Melancholick, and others whose Bodies ore wont to be Constipated, especially women in whom it will scarce find passage in a day or two, in such there is an abso­lute Necessity of Preparatives. The water is indeed nimble and sometimes [Page 106]has wrought ten dayes together, while yet it has but made a furrow through the Outs, and has left all the Excre­mentitious humours behind it, the party finding therein no benefit at all, when with a Cathartick I used, he voi­ded Cherry-stones, whereas for those ten dayes he had eaten no Cherries. Besides, although we could be assu­red that it would pass freely, yet as for those that come with any Chronical Disease of which they expect to finde a Cure, there is a necessity both to prepare the body, and also to furnish the Patient with other Concomitant Medicincs to be used with the waters, sutable to the Malady and the Patients Constitution, otherwise notwithstand­ing the dayly working of the water, they may return as they came.

Nor is it possible for me to lay down Rules to sute every Case, though I should run out into a Volume; those depend upon daily Observation, and frequent converse with the Patient, on which account I have been usually there every Summer these twenty years and upwards, and So may pro­bably [Page 107]continue at the due season while God spares me life and Health. In the mean time I must take leave to refer the kind Reader to what I have said more at large upon this point of direction in the use of the Spaw in my Book called Scarbrough Spaw, Edit. 2.

The incon­sistency of his As­sertions.Now the eminent purging proper­ty which here he confesses to be in the Water, doth make it much more safe in those very cases wherein he has charged it to be faulty, then other waters of this kind, which pass not by siege, bu only work by Vrine, (as they express it) which Wine, Whey, or any other kind of liquor will do.

1 First, in regard of the Stone; Here­by are the gross and slimy Humours that lie on this side the Kidneys in a good measure cast out by the Bowels, and the Patient is secured from an Ischuria or total stopping of Urine, which has too frequently happened at other waters that over pass by Urine; The slimy water being carried by the sole Diuretick property of those wa­ters upon the narrow passages of [Page 108]Urine, and thereupon has ensued a to­tal stopping, to the speedy ruine of the Patient, whereas (God be praised) such a ease never happened at Scarlrough.

2 Secondly, hereby not only the gross Excrementitious Humours, but also the Stone-filings (if I should grant any such thing to be in the Water) must be carryed down the broad way by the Bowels, and so cannot possibly be thrown upon the narrow passages, to become the Material cause of a stone in the Body.

3 Thirdly, this purging property does quite Overtthrow what before he had asserted concerning the waters Obstru­ctive property, for 'tis impossible that the same thing should be so eminent­ly Purgative and also Obstructive to cause the Jaundice.

4 Fourthly, that Property which he charges on it, as that it causes the Gowt, cannot possibly consist with this that here he asserts concerning the speedy Purging, especially while we consider what he acknowledged in p. 25. to wit, that it purges well a moneth together, and what further he will tell us p. 62. [Page 109]that it may endanger a Discentery; For purging is owned by all, and prescri­bed as a special Remedy against the Gowt, either to prevent or to Cure it.

And therefore seeing he had pro­jected to fix so severe a Charge upon the Spaw, I wonder he did not take care so to draw it up, as that one piece might not enterfer with and confute another.

Of Vitiral and Iron.(Pag. 45. He would pretend to deny Vitriol and Iron to be in the Spaw; so did Mr. S. and at length recanted, and so will he perhaps in time. But both these I have sufficient­ly proved in my Book of Scar, Spaw, and have enlarged upon them both in my Answer to Hydrol. Chim. and have further made it out from the Testi­mony of good Authors that have trea­ted on such Subjects, and more parti­cularly of the Chimical Writers, that the Acidity, Inky smell, and black T [...]n­cture from Gall are certain and unde­niable Arguments to prove Vitriol. I will not trouble the Reader with a repetion of what there I have said, but do refer him to my Book. Nay fur­ther [Page 110]within these two years our Au­thor himself was abundantly convin­ced of the presence of them both.

I deny not but Nitre may contri­bute some Acidity to Water, ( as he sayes p. 59) though I exclude the Spi­rit of Nitre as extraneous to our Sub­ject.—As for his experiment which he propounds to paralel the smell of Scar. Spaw, concerning which (he sayes) he will forfeit his Nose, if it do not stink worse then the Alome-pans at Whithy; I wonder to find him so zealous in this Point, to fix a stinking smell upon that water, when there are so many thousands to confute him, I am perswaded not a Countey in Eng­land but it affords many that are able to contradict him in this. And there­fore; though hence it may appear he has lost his Smell, yet I should be hear­tily sory, that for so small a mistake my friend should forfeit his Nose.

The very truth is, it has a perfect Vitrioline smell, which no man will deny, save those that prosecute a de­signe of contradiction, which being once engaged in, they are not willing [Page 111]to give over, notwithwanding all grounds of Conviction that can be imagined, and with which most wise and Learned men of our Nation have been fully satisfied.

And whereas he tells ( p. 54.) of a Water at Hunwick, nere which Iron-Stone is digged; that receives a Tincture with Gall, as highly as Soar. Spaw, (though its mention makes nothing to his pur­pose.) Why may not that have the Vitriol of Iron in it, especially seeing the Iron stone is so nigh. However & quae non prosunt singular juncta juvant. Since all these Properties (to wit) its Acidity, Vitrioline smell, and Tinging Blackwith Gall are all met together, it makes an undeniable Argument that here is Vitriol.

Dr. T. has changed his minde.I do seriously profess, that when in Anno 1668. Dr. T. came first to Scarb. he owned both the Votriol and the Iron beside the rest, having conviction from the reasons which I gave him, and fell into admiration to see so many excellent Minerals meet in that place, which gave me occasion to mention it in my Answer to Hydrol. Ghim. (p. 107.) [Page 112]with more sincere respect to him then now he deserves, since he has so [...]a [...]selefly changed his minde. But he that on such slender grounds can af­firm at this rate, as we have found in this his Book, may as easily deny what he will. That which was Vitriol last year is this year become Nitre.— Well! I have proved Vitriol to be in it by such Arguments as Learned men have contented themselves withal in the like Cases▪ and by an Induction of the inseparable properties of Vitriol, which I discern in the water, and that or large in former Books, yet because I would do somewhat more for this my Friends Conviction, I shall ex [...] ­bundanti cast him in one Author more; and he a Chymist too; it is Petrus Jo­haennes Faber in his Hydrog. Spagy. Fabers Te­stimony. lib. 1. cap. 9. p. 39.) where treating of Springs that have imbibed Sulpher, Vi­triol, &c. Nigrescit (sayes he) borum Fontium liquor, si gallae in pulverem re­dastae in ipsum fontis liquorem proijcian­tur, quol vitriolum verum ac certum testatur, to wit, The waters of these Fountaines turn black if the powder [Page 113]of Galls be put into it, and that is as true and undoubted Testimony that there is Vitriol in it.

So again ( lib. 2. c 11 p. 164. The same Author telling of two Springs at Vi [...]le Comt, [...]n the C [...]untey of Averne in France, the one called La Fountain du Cornet, the other La Fountain du Rocker, he sayes, they are both of one Notur, and have a Vitriol in them, which he proves by two Arguments that we have been mentioning, (vid.) their Taste, and their black Tinctur with G [...]l.— Habent secum vitriolum dissolutum, ut ex gustu ipsam equm in atramentum: quae fique vera sunt & legitima admix [...] Vitrioli, which are sayes he, the true and legitimate signes of Vitriol. Besides the admirable vir­tue which he reports to be in those Springs, for opening the Obstuctions of the L [...]ver, Spleen and Messentery, and for the purging of viscous hu­mours, (eminently true in this of ours of Scarb.) at the length be adds — Nullus fere morbus dari po­test, quin hisce aquis curari possit —You can scarce name any disease [Page 114](sayes he) which may not he cured with these waters.

Now why we should forfeit our reason, and Spurn at the solid Judg­ment of Learned Writers in all Ages and parts of the World, who have thus contented themselves to speak concerning this thing, and submittere fasces to the Magisterial Dictates and Resolutions of some self-conceited O­pinions, I see no ground for it. And though I cannot say with Faber that this Spaw cures all diseases, Yet I am certain it is far more innocent then his Springs, which he confesses do provoke vomit, and sometimes purg unto blood; on which account he mixes ordinary Spring water with them to correct the Acrimony of the Vitriol. And this I shall further say, that no Spring in Europe hitherto discovered, may be further improved for the Cure of Re­bellious diseases then this, as may ap­pear by the particulars I have mentio­ned in my Book on the Spaw, as also these I have now expressed on this oc­acasion: Nor I think can the wit of man invent a better Composition, then [Page 115]by Divine Providence is here adapted for the good of mankind.

(Page 54.) He says no Vitriol but that which is Ferrugineum will take a tincture from Gall.— I would fain know then how it comes to pass that white Vitriol will make Ink, is this ferrugine­um, or made out of Iron? surely no, [...]t I am sure it will make Ink. Will he fall out with the Author of Hydrol. Chymica, who ( p. 5.) makes Vitriol of Iron, and white Vitriol really to dif­fer? — However he makes this an argument to exclude both Vitriol and Iron out of the number of the Mineral Principles, owning nothing but Nitre and the Glebe of Alome, both which I have sufficiently proved in my former Books, to the full satisfaction (I hope) of every impartial Reader.

He says (p. 49.) that he saw a piece of Alome-stone which the Chymical Apothe­tary took out of the Earth near the Spaw, which with Gall gave a black tincture to Spring-water.— I am afraid the A­pothecary was too nimble for the Do­ctor, and took that Stone out of the Vitrioline Bed, which I mention ( p. 44.) [Page 116]of my Answer, which indeed will Tincture because it is impregnated with Vitriol (as also with the Earth in that Bed, from whence he may as well infer, that all sorts of Earth will with Gall give a Tincture to Water) whereas the many hundred loads of Alome-Stone, or Earth, that is there besides will give no tincture, except­ing in one other place within a few yards of the Spaw▪ where I found ano­ther bed of Vitriol last year. But of this I have said enough in that Book.

He contents himself with proving Kna­resb. Spaw to be Vitrioline (p. 57.) by the yellow colour wherewith the Bas [...]n and Spout of that Spring are tinctured, which he calls Crocus Martis; and the like (he sayes) may be observed in every Runner near the head of any Vitrioline or Chaly­beate Spring.— I now appeal to his own eyes, whether it be not so at Scar­brough? — But whether this be a good Argument to prove Vitriol i [...] matters not much, Learned Writers mentioning no such sign of Vitriol but rather that it denotes Iron. How­ever if it be at all convincing, as to [Page 117]him it is, then à fortiori it makes emi­nently for Scarbrough, because it has a deeper dye than tha at Knaresbr. having also the substance of that which he calls Crocus Martas, not to be found in the other.

Of the Pinfold.But while he is debating upon these two Minerals of Vitriol and Iron, and the Tincture which the Water takes with Gall, he makes himself merry with me, while he fancies to have got­ten me into a Pinfold, ( p. 54.) Why may not I be merry too since I have found the way out? I wonder where my good Brother learned the Art of making a Pinfold. I have read of two famous Pinfolds, one at Wakefield, where sometimes dwelt a very stout and stur­dy Pinder, of whom we have an anti­ent merry song in York shire. Another was made at Gotam, where the wise men of that Town did put themselves to a great charge and trouble to im­pound the Cuckow, The Au­thors An­tagonist Mr. S. lives at Wakefield. which quickly overtopt the Pinfold, and left the Builders in a maze to bewail their folly. From which of these he derives his Craft, I know no. But the former [Page 118]could not hold me, I am very well delivered with my bones whole. And the latter I doubt not to creep through or overtop, unless it be made with more Art then yet I can discover in the framing.

(Page 5 [...].) He is discoursing about the Earth, which I mention p. 14. that falling from the Cliff near the Spaw, is converted into an Iron-stone, and is fusible in the fire. — This he is not pleased withal, but declares his opi­nion of it, which I must confess I can­not make good sense, unless the Rea­der help me, To me (sayes he) it doth appear to be a redish Earth dissolved with the N [...]troaluminous Salt, and petrified in the Sun and Air to a hard lump. — Here is Earth dissolved with Salt, and petrified! What shall I say? Si non vult intelligi debet negligi.

But I return. Dr. T. is magiste­rial. P. 49. he determines Magisterially. — I say 'tis only the Alome-stone that gives the Tincture— Let Experience prove it. Take Alome-Stone unburnt, powder it, add Spring-water sharpened with Spirit of Nitre, that it may dissolve it— put Gall to it, and [Page 119]it gives you the same Tincture.— Alas! This with much more that I have met with in this piece is borrowed from my Antagonist. to whom I gave Answer fully and at large, nor does he wield the Club much better, or has any new gard. I say again what have we to do here with the Spirit of Nitre to dissolve the Alom-stone? Let him keep to his Sample, in Scar. Spaw, there is no Sprit of Nitre, nor any Fire to Ex­tract it. Indeed Nitre there is, and to that let him hold close: But I assure him that neither the Nitre that Sweats out of the earth neer the well, not yet our ordinary Nitre of the Shops d ssol­ved in water, to which let be joyned Alome-stone Crude or Calcined (though we have nothing to do with latter here) or if he pleases joyn perfect Alome, made either with Kelp and Urine, or without them; I say these mixe together shall never qualify Water, to take a a black Tinctur from Gall it Vitrial be away. And this that I say any man shall find to be true, if he put it to Experiment. So that upon the whole matter, my first Thesis strands firm, and [Page 120]unshaken, that it is the Vitriol alone, that gives the black Tincture with Gall, and consequently that Scarb. Spaw is a Vitrioline Spring.

Object. But now comes our Author with his battering Ramme, with which he not only shakes the building, but rases even the Foundation of Scar. Spaw, while yet he pretends to be its great Friend. ( p. 45. If (says he) the Esu­rine Sp [...]rit of Vitriol be ioyned with the Volati [...]e Spirit of Nitre in the Water, how does it differ from Aqua Fortis, which is a deadly Corrosive? And if it be said these are not all, there is Alome and Salt also; This makes it worse, even an Aqua Regia, which will corrod [...] Gold, and consequently it must be poy­son.

Answ. I answer; Methink he deales with the Spaw as Joab did with Abner, of whom its sad, 2 Sam. 3.27. That he took him a side to speak with him p [...]ace­ably, or as a Friend, and then he smote him into the fifth Ril. Is this a token of his Friendship to make it poysonous? I am glad his W [...]fe lives to confute him. If it will but dissolve a stone in [Page 121]the body, no matter whether it will dissolve Gold or no. I say again what have we to do with the Spirits of Vitri­ol and Nitre, and what aims he to prove by his First. Second, and Thirdly? What though Vitriol and Nitre distilled together raise a Corrosive Spirit? So will Rye-bread Distilled afford an ex­tream Corrosive Spirit that will dis­solve Metal, if he will trust Master Boyle —

Such alteration does fire make in it, and what though, since the World knowes its wholesome, we are not afraid of those Spirits in the wate [...], I am certain they are but Phantasmes, and signifie nothing.

Here we find a Water which many thousand of persons of all ages and both Sexes have liberally drunk of for these fourty years, with excellent success in the Cure of great diseases, when they were well advised, and followed counsel) working without Griping or the least C [...]rr [...]sion, and purging without Superpurgation. In a word many hundreds there are who will give this or a further Testi­mony, [Page 122]when occasion shall be offe­red, and tell the World that all his Reasoning to the contrary is but frivolous.

Another ChargeAnd this Leads me to the last charge, which is the Sting in the Tail, and if it be proved makes it an unpar­donable fault, to wit, that the duplicated Salt may be in danger to corrode the Bowles, and cause a dysentery.—I am afraid some would have it se. But tis enough that he has said it, for as he has not solidly proved any thing a­gainst it, so he does not attempt to do it here, And as he does not, So neither can I. No water in the world is more safe then this in that very point. The Conjunction of Alome and Iron, two Astringents, with the other that are Attenuating and Penetrative, as I have proved to conduce to the better for­tifying of the Liver, and other Na­tural parts, So they contribute to the safegard of the Belly from Fluxes. which never happen to them that do drink regularly at the Fountain. Nay I have often known inveterate dysente­ries and other Fluxes cured by it.

A rate cure in a Flux. Silvester Sympson of Driffield Yorksh. had a bloody Flux eight years, so as he all that Space was forced to rise to stool every night three or four times; It had resisted all other means he had attempted. He went to Scarb. and was cured perfectly in two or three dayes with the water alone.

This I have examined what may seem to be material in his Book, only omitting some impertinencies, and an­gry Expressions as not worthy to be reflected on. I am of opinion that an angry fit is very wholsom for some Constitutions, though it may make a man uneasie to his Company for the present, and those that come within his reach: Yet when the Ebullition of Choller is over, it leaves a man in a far more Sedtae temper of mind for a good while after, then before he was wont to be, and more gay and Com­placent in his humour to others. If my Friend having given his Spleen this vent, be the better for it in his Cranium, I should be very glad; as indeed I am informed, he did seem to be much pleased with what he had [Page 124]done in this P [...]ece, [...] XII and became more frolick then formerly.

( P. 45.) It appears by the last Paragraph of his Book that he had some perswasion that herein he has perform­ed some rare piece of Art, Dr. T. is conceited of so e merit in his Piece wherein he expects to be applauded by me, for he cites a place out of my Answer to Mr. S. p. 2, 8) where my words are, that if Mr. S. hath any thing to m [...]ke out in point of Art, I would never go about to Eclipse his Honour and Re­putation in it, but would thank him — And this our Author adds, that as I am a man of my word, He expects thus much from me. I answer, I cannot but approve a piece of Art, where ever I find it, and as I shall perform my word to Mr. S. who is alone concerned in that promise, so in Justice I shall not deny it to him when I see it. B [...]t as for this P [...]ece I [...]ee not the least point of Art in it, from the beginning to the end. I refer it to the Learned and impartial Reader to judge betwixt u [...]. Nay I prof [...]s [...] serio [...]sly were I consci­ous that these his Pretended discove­ries were true, and that there were [Page 125]any real ground for this his Carping at this water, (though there be noth [...]ng of Art in the making of them out) I would let him ride [...]ion with his Ho­nour and thank him to boot. But be­ing assured of his totall mistake, and having so made it out. I must needs let him know, that all his Perswasion of Merit in this P [...]ece is but a Melancho­lick Fancy, and is so far from deserving applause, that somewhiles I have thought it needed not, nor deserved an Answere, since there are many hundreds that do but laugh when they read it, being able to confute it from their own O [...]servation; and among them some of his own Neighbours and Patients, who have expressed their admiration, what frame he was in when he writ this Book.

Now because there are some that are not able to judge of the force of Arguments, I shall for their sakes add thus much. That as I desire in all things to be found faithful as becomes me, either as a Physician or a Christian; so in this dispute I aim not so much at Victory as Truth, which in Consci­ence [Page 126]and Reputation, (especially be­ing called to it so often by name) I think my self obliged to defend, in the maintenance of the Fame of this most excellent Spring, against the ground­less cavils of this Gentleman. Nor do I think that there is a more innocent Water of this kind in the World, at this day discovered, in the very par­ticulars he has charged in withall, in all which cases I declare it in my Obser­vation and Experience to be most Ex­cellent. And further that the most tender Constitutions need not dread it, provided it sute their Maladies, for regularly used, it revives both the Vi­tal and Natural Faculties, and in such I have ever had the most stupendious Cures. Only let not such adventure on it without very good advice, and daily Inspection of some Phisician at hand, in whom they may confide, ta­king it also at the Fountain.

I shall conclude with a story that I meet with in Plutarchs; One Philippi­des an excellent Commedian had plea­sed the King Lysimachus very well, [...]o so much as the King asked Philip­pides, [Page 127]Quid è meis Rebus tibi impertiam, What boon shall I give thee? He an­swered, Quidvis O Rex, Modo nequid Arcanorum, What you please, only tell me no Secrets.— I do still profess my self to be a Friend to Dr. Tunstal, and am ready to make it out in any Civil Kindness, only ( I hope) he will not henceforth expect that I tell him any Secret.

FINIS.

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