Medulla Novi Testamenti: THE SUBSTANCE OF THE NEW TESTAMENT, MORE ESPECIALLY Of the HISTORICAL; WITH A brief Account of the Doctrinal Part, in each Book, by way of Dialogue between a Divine and his Parishioner.
Designed for the benefit of Private Families.
By THOMAS STANHOPE, Preacher at the Fleet.
IMPRIMATUR,
London, Printed by A.G. and J. P. and are sold by Nath. Rolles, at the Golden Key in St. Paul's Church-yard, 1680.
TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE M rs. FANSHAW.
I Know not what excuse to make for offering so poor a Present to your Ladiship, and (under your Name) to the World. My performance must needs make it mean, though the Design is Great; it being a familiar Introduction to the understanding of the New Testament. But when I consider what a Misfortune in your Education did cast you [Page]into a Religion, that can never hope to support it self but by Ignorance of the Scriptures, from which your Ladiship is now so happily delivered, through the assistance of that Eminent and Worthy Dean of Canterbury, to the Great Joy of your most Illustrious Brother the ever Renowned DUKE of Monmouth, his Grace; and to the Infinite satisfaction of your Husband, who never thought himself completely Happy in you, till Religion had united your Souls, as well as Wedlock had done your Persons. When I reflect on these things, I hope that (without accusing you) I may fear that (till of late) you have been too much a Stranger to those Holy Writings, or rather, they have been to you as a Sealed Book. And at the same time I may assure [Page]my self, that being brought into that Church which hath no other Rule or Standard of Faith but the Holy Scriptures, you will now Redeem the time of your Former Ignorance, by a stricter Application to that blessed Study, and therefore will not despise the meanest help which can be offered to you. I now present your Ladiship with my Endeavours about the New Testament, and hope shortly to give you an account of what I have already finished concerning the Old. I have so perfect an assurance of your Ladiships Goodness, that I am confident you will easily pardon this Presumption, and accept of my Faithful Zeal, and Hearty Prayers to God, to bestow upon you all those Blessings, which either your High Blood, or more [Page] excellent Qualities may render you Capable of: and that you will permit me to assume the Honour, with the hearty wish of this, and many prosperous New Years, to own my self,
THE PREFACE.
THis poor Book (long strugling under Difficulties) would willingly have shewed it self to the World in a larger Volume, and have given an account of the whole Scripture in one piece; but through several failures, it comes out but in part, i. e. the New Testament, which is now sent forth to try how it will be Enter [...]ained. As to the promises of those that are Dead I have nothing to mention; the feigned Endeavours of some now Living have sufficiently hindred even this part of it. One Person assured me it should be extant the latter end of Michaelmas Term, after that some time towards New-years tide, though nothing of that promise was kept. However it is now got abroad, and if it takes (as I hope it will) I shall be Encouraged to follow it with the other of the Old Testament in a short time. Which done I shall have my End [Page]proposed, which is, to be God's and his Church's Servant, as an helper to the Common Salvation of Mankind. It may be necessary for Private Families. And some Judicious Persons (particularly a most Learned Bishop) have approved it. Young People may hereby be acquainted with the Holy Gospel, and instructed in the Book and Chapter which they would have recourse unto. In case it be frowned upon, I have the Confidence to believe none can blame me for my Design of doing Good. And I thank God for that universal Charity which he hath given me, that I heartily desire the Temporal, Spiritual, and Eternal welfare of every Man in the World; whereunto I would contribute the utmost of my Endeavours, and for which, I would spend my Dearest Blood. I have no more to add, but that I am not an Enemy to any one upon Earth, I heartily wish the Peace and Prosperity of all true Protestants; as the Friends of those who love our Lord Jesus; and to them I subscribe my self an hearty Servant for his blessed Name's sake.
THE NEW TESTAMENT.
WHy do you call this the New Testament?
Not only with respect to the Old, which preceded it, both in Order of Nature and Time; but also in regard that it declares God's gracious fulfilling the Conditions of the New Covenant (the Covenant of Grace, as the other was of Works) so far as concerned him.
It seems then there were Two Covenants made with man.
There were so. The first (the Covenant of Works (before the Fall) the Condition whereof was Perfect Obedience; the Second, a Covenant of Grace (after the Fall) the Conditions whereof are Faith, and Sincere Obedience; the Mediator of which Covenant is Jesus Christ, the Object of this New Testament.
How is this New Testament divided?
Into Four Parts. 1. The Evangelists ( i. e. their Writings.) 2. The Acts of the [Page 2]Apostles. 3. The Canonical Epistles. 4. The Book of the Revelation.
How many are there of the Evangelists?
They (and the Gospels written by them) are Four, Matthew, Mark, Luke and John.
Why call you those Books Gospels, and those the Four Evangelists?
The Greek Word [...] signifies a Good Message (and so the Evangelists are Messengers of Good Tidings) that Name suting best with these Writings, which contain an History of what our Lord Christ did and suffered for the Salvation of Mankind. And the English, Gospel, is thought to be quasi Gods Spell, i.e. Gods Charm or Power, whereby he draws men to Life Eternal; so the Apostle explains it; I am not ashamed of the Gospel of Christ; Minshew. for it is the power of God unto Salvation, Rom. 1, 16.
Why were there several of them, and the whole not contracted into one Book?
God in his infinite Wisdom did so order it; and more especially for Two Reasons. 1. To confirm the Truths contained in these Gospels delivered by so many persons. 2. That what one was not so exact in relating, the rest, or at least some of them might supply.
How are these Evangelists (Prophetically) represented in the Old Testament?
Expositors do generally believe that they are shadowed out by the Four Living [Page 3]Creatures in Ezekiel's Prophesie ( Chap. 1.10.) which had Four Faces; one of a Man, the Second, of a Lion; the Third, of an Oxe; and the Fourth, of an Eagle.
Pray give me leave then to desire you would satisfie me why the several Evangelists were thus represented; and how some small Differences in their Writings are to be reconciled; and tell me what any one adds which is wanting in the others.
This I shall willingly do, beginning with the First in Order.
S. MATTHEW.
HOw call you the first Gospel in the New Testament?
It is called the Gospel of S. Matthew, the Evangelist.
Why is it called by that Name?
Because it was written by a certain person called Matthew.
What account do we receive of that Person?
He is called by several Names: One (S. Mark, chap. 2.14.) calls him Levi the Son of Alpheus; another (S. Luke, chap. 5.27.) calls him only Levi; but he calls himself Matthew the Publican, (Matth. 9.9.)
How came he concerned in writing this Gospel?
He was called by Christ from the Office [Page 4]of a Publican, to be one of his Twelve Apostles, and inspired by the Holy Ghost to write this Gospel.
Which of the Four Living Creatures mentioned in Ezekiel's Vision, represented S. Matthew?
That which had the Face of a man; because he begins with our Saviour's Genealogy.
How doth he derive our Saviour's Pedigree?
More generally, Chap. 1 from Abraham and David.
Why are these two Persons especially mentioned?
To assure us that Christ came not only from the Race of the Jews, of whom Abraham was the Great Father; but likewise (according to the Prophesie, Gen. 49.10.) from the Tribe of Judah; of which David was, and also from the Princely Line of that Tribe.
How is our Saviour's Pedigree derived more particularly?
From Abraham and David, by succession all along till it terminated in Joseph.
Who was that Joseph?
The Person (then Espoused) afterward Married to Mary our Saviour's Mother.
But was Joseph, Christ's Father?
Reputedly, he was so among the Jews: but he had no Natural Father, being conceived by the Operation of the Holy Ghost.
Was Joseph married to Mary before Christ was born?
He was only Espoused, according to the Custom of the Jews, a good while after Christ's Conception; and Married a little before Christ was born, when she was great with Child of him.
Was Mary's being with Child no discontent to Joseph?
Yes; so great an one, that he resolved to put her away (but privately, because she should not be exposed to shame) till in a Dream he was satisfied by an Angel of God to the contrary.
What was alledged by the Angel for his satisfaction?
That the Child within her was conceived of the Holy Ghost.
Why was his Conception and Birth ordered in this manner?
To fulfil Isaiah's Prophesie, That a Virgin should conceive and bear a Son.
What Name was given to this Child when he was born?
His Name (by the Angel's appointment) was called JESUS, because he should save his People from their sins.
What Publick Notice doth this Evangelist give of JESUS's Birth being declared to other Nations?
Chap. 2 He tells us of Wise men who came from the East to enquire after him, by the strange Appearance of a New Star.
Ʋnder what Notion did they enquire for him?
As one that was born King of the Jews.
How did Herod ( who then Reigned over Judea) take this Enquiry?
It put him into a great affright; whereupon he sent for the Chief Priests and Elders (supposing this was the MESSIAS) demanding of them, Where CHRIST should be born?
What Answer did they give him?
An Answer according to the former Prophesie of Micah, That he should be born in Bethlehem.
What course did Herod take for further satisfaction?
He sent the Wise Men to Bethlehem, to find out the Child, under pretence of his own coming afterwards to worship him.
How were those Wise Men guided thither?
The same Star was their Conductor, till they came to the very place where the Child lay, and then it stood still.
Did they find'him as they were directed?
They found Him and His Mother with him.
How did they carry themselves towards him?
First they worshipped him, and then they presented him with an Offering of Gold, Frar kincense and Myrrhe.
Did those Wise-men return to Herod, as he desired?
No; for being warned of God in a Dream, they departed into their own Countrey another way.
How did Herod take this Affront?
He resolved to destroy this Child; and to be sure of it, he slew all the Children in Bethlehem, and the Coasts thereof, from two years old and under.
How then was this Babe secured?
An Angel had commanded his (reputed) Father Joseph to convey him into Egypt, till notice was given for his Return; which was upon Herod's Death: and then he was brought back to Nazareth a City of Galilee.
Did not John Baptist appear in the World about that time?
Yes: Chap. 3 He Preached in the Wilderness of Judea the Doctrine of Repentance, and Baptized those that came unto him.
What kind of Man was John?
A man of a very Austere Life; for his Rayment was of Camels Hair, with a Leathern Girdle about his Loyns; and his Meat was Locusts and wild Honey.
By whom was Christ Baptized?
By John Baptist in Jordan.
Was any Signal Testimony given of him at his Baptism?
The greatest that ever was; for the Heavens were opened, the Spirit of God descended upon him like a Dove, and God himself by open voice acknowledged him to be his Well-beloved Son.
What happened unto Christ after his Baptism?
His Temptation in the Wilderness by the Devil, Chap. 4 for forty days, during which time he did eat nothing; but at the end of them was an hungred.
How many Temptations did he meet with?
Three
Which was the first?
The Devil taking advantage of Christs Hunger, Tempted him to turn Stones into Bread.
What was the Second?
A Temptation to throw himself from a Pinacle of the Temple, to shew his Divinity.
What was the Third?
A Temptation to fall down and worship Satan, upon promise to have all the Kingdoms of the Earth, and the Glory of them given unto him.
How were all these Temptations repelled?
By several Places of Scripture fitted to each of them.
What was the Issue of all?
The Devil left him, and Angels came and Ministred unto him.
Whither did our Saviour then remove?
He departed into Galilee, and dwelt in Capernaum.
Who were the first that Christ called to be his Disciples?
Two Brothers, Andrew and Peter.
Who were the next?
Two other Brothers, James and John the Sons of Zebedee.
Where did he find them all?
He found them following their Employment (as Fishers) by the Sea of Galilee.
Did not the People then begin to take notice of him?
Yes. His Fame was spred abroad by his Preaching, and Healing all manner of Diseases.
What signal Testimony did he give of his excellent Preaching?
Chap. 5 It was manifest by his Sermon on the Mount.
Whereof doth that Sermon principally consist?
It consists of Three Parts: of which I shall give you account in order.
What is the First?
Blessing pronounced to the Poor in Spirit, the Mourners, the Meek, those that Hunger and Thirst after Righteousness, the Merciful, the Pure in Heart, the Peace-makers, and the Sufferers for Righteousness sake.
What is the Second Part of this Sermon?
A Confutation of several Erroneous Opinions of the Jewish Doctors, as to sundry parts of God's Law, touching Murder, v. 21. Adultery, v. 28. Divorcements, v. 31. False Swearing, v. 34. and Repaying of Injuries, [Page 10]to the End of the Chapter
What is the Third Part of this Sermon?
Chap. 6 A Direction for the Performance of several Duties; as Almes-giving, v. 1. Prayer, v. 5. (Christ there setting down his most Excellent Form, as a Pattern for Prayer;) Fasting, v. 16. Dependance on God's Providence, v. 25, to the End of the Chapter; and several other excellent things in the Seventh Chapter. Chap. 7
How was this Sermon approved?
So well, that he was extolled beyond the Scribes and Pharisees.
What happened after this Sermon was ended?
Several Miracles done by Christ, to be discoursed of in Order.
Which was the First?
Chap. 8 The Curing of a Leprous man of his Disease.
Which was the Next?
Healing the Centurion's Servant, who was sick of a Palsie, upon his Master's coming and beseeching Christ to do it.
Which was the Third?
The Curing S. Peter's Wives Mother, who lay sick of a Fever, by the Touch of his hand; and several others possessed with Devils.
What other Miracle is declared in this Chapter?
Calming the Sea, when his Disciples were in danger to be drowned, and prayed [Page 11]for his assistance, which he gave them; asswaging the Tempest with a Word of his Mouth.
What Effect had this Miracle?
His Disciples marvelled at it, wondring who he was to whom the Wind and the Sea gave such ready Obedience.
What Miracle doth this Evangelist next record?
The Casting out Devils out of Two men Possessed, in the Countrey of the Gergesenes.
What became of those Devils?
At their Request, Christ suffered them to enter into an Herd of Swine feeding thereabouts, who presently ran down a steep place into the Lake, and perished in the Waters.
How was this Miracle entertained by the People of that Countrey?
They that kept the Swine fled, telling in their City what was done, and they all came to see Jesus, and desired that he would depart from them.
Whither did he go from thence?
He went by Ship to his own City.
What Miracle did he work there?
He healed a man sick of the Palsie, Chap. 9 brought to him upon a Bed.
What happened upon this Miracle?
The Scribes hearing him say to the man, Thy Sins are forgiven thee, and thinking he Blasphemed, to convince them of their Error, he bad him take up his Bed and walk.
What was the next thing remarkable?
Christ's calling Matthew a Publican from the receipt of Custom, to follow him.
How did Matthew entertain him?
With a great Feast in his own House where many Publicans and Sinners were gathered together.
Was there no Exception taken at the thing?
Yes. The Pharisees quarrelled wit [...] his Disciples about it.
What Answer did Christ make to them?
He declared the Reasonableness o [...] what he dad done, by the End of his Comin [...] into the world, which was, not to call th [...] Righteous, but Sinners to Repentance.
What other Cavil had the Pharisees against him?
That He and his Disciples did not fas [...] as their Disciples and John Baptist's Disc [...] ples did.
How did Christ excuse himself and h [...] Disciples in this Point?
By an Allusion to the Attendants u [...] on a Marriage, who used not to mourn whi [...] the Bridegroom was with them.
What might the meaning hereof be?
That he being the True Bridegroon his Disciples must rejoyce while he con [...] nued with them upon Earth; but when [...] should be taken away by Death, then th [...] must be exercised with Fasting, and oth [...] Duties of Mortification.
How else was his Excuse made?
By New Pieces of Cloth not to be put upon Old Garments, nor New Wine into Old Bottles.
Whither was Christ called from this Feast?
A Ruler of the Synagogue (called Jairus) having a Daughter very sick, desired him to come and heal her.
Did any thing of Note happen in the way as he went to do this Cure?
Yes; for a Poor Woman having been troubled with an Issue of Blood Twelve years, came behind him, and touched his Garment, whereby she was made whole.
In what condition was the Rulers Daughter when Christ came to her?
The People about her apprehended her to be dead.
Was she recovered from her Sickness or not?
She was recovered; for Christ took her by the Hand, and she was well.
What other Cures did he work?
He gave sight to Two Blind men, by [...]ouching their Eyes; and Speech to one that was Dumb.
What happened after these last Miraples?
Christ from among his Disciples, Chap. 10 chose [...]ut Twelve Apostles, whom he sent forth [...]ot only to Preach the Gospel, but to cast [...]ut unclean Spirits, and to heal all manner of Diseases.
What were the Names of those Twelve Apostles?
Peter, Andrew, James the Son of Zebedce, John his Brother, Philip, Bartholomew, Thomas, Matthew, James the Son of Alpheus, Lebbeus (called Thaddeus,) Simon the Canaanite, and Judas (afterwards) the Traytor.
With what Charge did Christ send forth these Disciples?
Not to go among the Gentiles, but to the lost sheep of the House of Israel,
What Advice did he give them upon their going forth?
He taught them in what Meannes [...] they should go, to testifie their Humility what Troubles they should endure, to encourage their Patience; and promised then Blessings, to strengthen their Faith.
Was any Notice of these things give to John Baptist?
His Disciples gave him an Account o [...] them; Chap. 11 whereupon they desired to know he was indeed the True Messias?
What did John do to satisfie them?
He sent Two of them to Christ wit [...] this very Question.
What Answer did they receive?
Christ bade them inform John of th [...] Miracles he wrought; that the Blind sa [...] the Deaf heard, the Dumb spake, the L [...] pers were cleansed, the Lame walked, t [...] Dead were raised, and the Poor had the G [...] spel Preached unto them.
What did our Saviour then tell his Followers concerning John?
By several Similitudes he sets forth the Excellency of John; but withal, that John came far short of him.
Of what did he then begin to discourse?
He upbraided the City (especially Capernaum) wherein his mighty Works had been wrought.
How happened the next Quarrel betwixt Christ and the Pharisees?
About his Disciples plucking Ears of Corn as they went through the Field, Chap. 12 for the satisfying their Hunger, it being on the Sabbath Day.
How did our Saviour vindicate his Disciples?
By the Example of David, taking the Shew-Bread (in time of necessity) for Himself and his Followers; and the Priests killing Sacrifices in the Temple on that Day; Averring himself to be greater than the Temple, and Lord of the Sabbath.
What Miracle followed after this Discourse?
The Healing a man possessed with a Devil who was both Blind and Dumb.
How did the Pharisees except against this Miracle?
They alledged that Christ did cast out Devils through the Prince of the Devils.
How did Christ convince them to the contrary?
By an Argument that every House [Page 16]and Kingdom divided could not subsist; and therefore Satan divided against himself, could not stand.
Did not Christ from hence take occasion for some further Discourse?
He did; and it was to acquaint them with the Sin ( i.e. the Blasphemy) against the Holy Ghost, which was unpardonable; and to give them a Caution against all idle and uncharitable words.
What did the Pharisees then require of him?
A Sign from Heaven.
Did he answer their Desire?
He did; but it was with a Reproof, giving them the Signs of Jonah and the Queen of the South.
How lay the Reproof under these things?
That whereas the Ninevites repented at Jonah's Preaching, and the Queen of the South came from far to hear Solomon's Wisdom; yet they would not be wrought upon by him, who was Greater than either Jonah or Solomon.
What further Manifestations did Christ make of himself to the People.
By several Parables; Of the Sower and his Seed; Chap. 13 Of the Tares and Good Wheat; by resembling the Kingdom of Heaven to a Grain of Mustard-Seed; to Treasure hid in a Field; to a Net which drew Fishes of all sorts out of the Sea.
How did these Parables and his other Instructions take?
The People wondred at his Wisdom, but were offended at him for the Meanness of his Birth.
What Opinion had Herod of Christ?
Herod hearing of his Fame, Chap. 14 said it was John the Baptist (whom he had slain) risen from the dead.
Ʋpon what occasion did Herod slay John Baptist?
Herod long reproved by John for keeping Herodias, his Brother's Wife, shut him up in prison; and at her Daughters Dancing to please him, swore to give her what she requested; whereupon, she desiring John Baptist's Head, an Executioner was employed to behead him in the Prison, and the Head was delivered to her in a Charger.
What Kindness did John's Disciples shew to their dead Master?
They buried his Body, and came to acquaint Jesus with what had happened.
How did Jesus then dispose of himself?
He removed from the place where he was into a Desart place; whither the Multitude followed him, and there he healed their sick.
What Miracle did he work there?
He fed five Thousand Men beside Women and Children, with Five Loaves and Two Fishes.
What remainder of Fragments was there to perfect the Miracle?
After they were all filled, there were [Page 18]taken up Twelve Baskets full of Fragments.
Whither did Christ go after this?
He went into a Mountain to pray; and sent his Disciples in a Ship towards the other side of the Water.
What kind of Passage had they?
A Storm arose, so that the Ship was tossed with Waves; and Christ appeared unto them walking on the Sea, at which sight they were much affrighted.
What Comfort did they receive under this fright?
Christ comforted them with telling them who he was,
How would Peter be satisfied in the truth of that Relation?
He desired that Christ would command him to come unto him; and he attempting to do so, was in danger of his Life, but that Christ took hold of him to save him; and then the Storm ceased.
Where did they Land after the Storm was over?
In the Land of Genesaret; and there Christ healed several sick persons with the Touch of his Garment.
Had the Pharisees any more Accusations against Christ's Disciples?
They accused them for eating Meat with unwashen Hands. Chap. 15
How did Christ rebuke this Challenge?
By telling them they insisted only upon a Tradition, and so out of the Prophesie [Page 19]of Isaiah, charging them with Hypocrisie.
Was not this further illustrated?
Yes; By shewing them that not the things which go into, but those which come out of a man, defile him; which Parable he expounded to his Disciples.
To what Place did Christ then go?
To the Coasts of Tyre and Sidon.
What Object of Charity did he there meet with?
A Canaanitish Woman cried to him for help on behalf of her Daughter, who was grievously vexed with a Devil.
Did Christ heal her?
After several Discourses passed between them, the Woman still continuing importunate; the Daughter was healed, and the Mothers Faith confirmed.
Whither went Jesus next?
To a Mountain nigh the Sea of Galilee.
What Remarkable things did he do there?
He healed several Distempered persons, and fed Four Thousand Men, besides Women and Children, with Seven Loaves, and a few little Fishes.
What remained when the People had eaten?
Seven Baskets full of Fragments were taken up.
What Entertainment did Christ there meet with from his Opposers?
The Scribes and Pharisees tempted Chap. 16 [Page 20]him for a Sign from Heaven, which he refused; leaving them to the Sign of the Prophet Jonas, and taxing them with Hypocrisie.
How did he hence take occasion to instruct his Disciples?
He cautioned them against the Doctrine of the Pharisees and Sadduces (under the Notion of Leaven.)
What happened upon Christ's coming into the Coasts of Cesarea-Philippi.
Asking his Disciples what men thought of him; they told him, He was taken for John Baptist, or Elias, or Jeremias, or one of the Prophets; but asking their thoughts of him, Peter acknowledgeth him to be the Christ, the Son of the Living God.
How did Christ take this Confession?
So well, that he pronounced Peter Blessed; gave him the Name of Peter, and disposed the Keys of the Kingdom of Heaven to him (though not without the rest) promising, that the Gates ( i. e. the Power) of Hell should not prevail against his Church.
What further Discourse had Christ with his Disciples?
He declared unto them the Sufferings he was to undergo, his Death and Resurrection; rebuking S. Peter for contradicting what he suffered; and taught his Disciples the hard Duties of Self-denial, Suffering Afflictions, and Renouncing the World.
By what especial Argument did he urge these Duties?
By the Excellency of the Soul above all that the World can afford.
What followed after this Discourse?
Christ's Transfiguration, Chap. 17 about six days after, before Peter, James and John.
What were the Circumstances attending that Transfiguration?
The Shining of his Face, the Whiteness of his Raiment, and the appearing of Moses and Elias unto him.
What did S. Peter advise at this time?
That Three Tabernacles might be built, one for Christ, a second for Moses, and a third for Elias.
Did those two continue long with Christ?
No; for a bright Cloud overshadowed them, and they were seen no more.
Was there any particular Declaration then given of Christ's Divinity?
There was a Voice heard out of the Cloud to own Christ as God's Beloved Son.
What Miracles did Christ do after his Transfiguration?
The first was Healing a man Lunatick; which his Disciples not being able to do, He did it Himself.
What Discourse did he make upon this?
A Discourse (as before) of his Sufferings.
Whither did he go then?
To Capernaum?
What Miracle was wrought there?
The Tribute-gatherers coming, he ordered S. Peter to go to the Sea, and take the first Fish that came up, in whose Mouth was found a Piece of Money, which paid for them both.
What Lessons did our Saviour then teach his Disciples?
The Lessons of Humility and Innocency, Chap. 18 by becoming as Little Children; of Inoffensiveness, and Forgiving one another; urging this last by a Parable of a Master forgiving his Servant a Great Debt at his Request, which Servant would not forgive his Fellow-Servant a Small Debt, when he was desired to do it; whereupon the First Servant was punished by being cast into Prison.
What was the next Discourse of Note?
Concerning Divorces; Chap. 19 upon a Question propounded by the Pharisees about the Lawfulness of putting away Wives, permitted under the Law.
How did Christ resolve the Question?
He told them the Original Institution of Marriage, which made it not dissolvable; and that the Allowance of Moses was only for the hardness of the Peoples Hearts; concluding there could be no Divorce but in case of Adultery.
What followed upon this;
Young Children were presented unto him, on whom he laid his hands, and Bleffsed them.
What Visiters had he then?
One most remarkable; A young man coming to enquire what he should do to have Eternal Life.
What Direction did Christ give him?
A Direction to keep the Commandments, which he named unto him.
Did the man observe this Direction?
He professed to have done it from his very youth.
What trial did Christ make of the truth of his Profession?
He gave him a particular Charge of selling his Estate, and giving it to the poor, with a Promise of Treasure in Heaven.
Was this Charge well received?
No; the man went away sorrowful, having great Possessions, which he was loth to part with.
What did our Saviour draw from hence?
The Difficulty of a Rich man's being saved?
What Question did this occasion from the Disciples?
S. Peter asked what Reward himself and the rest of them should have, who had forsaken all to follow him.
What Answer did Christ give to this Qnestion?
He promised them a Reward both in this and in another World.
Was there no Parable propounded upon this occasion?
There was the Parable of Resembing Chap. 20 [Page 24]the Kingdom of Heaven to a Housholder, hiring Labourers into his Vineyard, at several hours of the day, and then paying each man his Penny according to agreement.
Whither was our Saviour's next Journey?
To Jerusalem; where in the way he again admonished his Disciples of the Sufferings which should befal him to his Death, and the Certainty of his Resurrection the Third day.
Whom did he meet with in the way?
The Mother of Zebedees Children coming to request him that her two Sons might sit on his Right and Left hands in his Kingdom.
How did he answer her?
That they should suffer with him; but those Places must be disposed of according to his Father's Designation.
Did not this vex the other Disciples?
Yes; They were angry at the Two Brethren for it.
How did Christ remove that Anger?
By teaching them all to be lowly minded, after his own example.
What particular Miracle was wrought this time.
Two Blind men sitting by the way side (upon their supplicating him) ha [...] their Eye-sight restored unto them.
What else happened? Chap. 21
At Bethpage near Jerusalem, he sen [...] by a particular Token for a Colt, on which [Page 25]he rode into Jerusalem, to fulfil a Prophesie [...]f the Old Testament.
How was he entertained by the Com [...]any?
The Multitude spread their Garments, and strewed Branches in the way, saluted [...]im with loud proclamations of Hosannahs at his coming into the City.
What was his first Work in Jerusa [...]em?
An entring into the Temple, and casting out the Buyers and Sellers in it, and there healing the Blind and the Lame.
How did the Chief Priests and Scribes take the Acclamations of joy which the People made?
With so much indignation that they complained of them.
How was the Complaint silenced?
By Christ's alledging a place of Scripture ( Psal. 8.2.) in the Peoples vindication.
Whither went Christ from thence?
He went to lodge in Bethany.
What Miracle did he work there?
The next morning he cursed a fruitless Fig-Tree, which Curse took effect; for it presently withered away.
What Disputes happened about that that Time?
Several.
Which was the First?
A Dispute with the Chief Priests and Elders concerning John Baptist's Baptism [Page 26]and Preaching, whether it was from He [...] ven or not, which Question Christ put unt [...] them, when they enquired into his Auth [...] rity.
What Answer did they give him?
They durst not delcare their Opinio [...] concerning John, and he would not give the [...] an account of his Authority.
What was the Result of this?
It gave occasion for Two Parables one of Two Sons, the first pretending to d [...] his Fathers will, and not doing it; the other refusing to do it at first, but doing it after wards.
What was the meaning of this Par [...] ble?
Christ compares the Jews with the [...] pretence to Religion of the first Son; th [...] Publicans and Sinners to the second; shewing thereby, that these entred into th [...] Kingdom of Heaven sooner than the Jews.
What was the next Parable?
Of an Housholder, who having pla [...] ted a Vineyard, sent his servants to receiv [...] the Fruits, some of which the Husbandme [...] beat, and killed others; at last sending h [...] Son among them, they slew him, to mak [...] the Inheritance their own.
What was the meaning of this Par [...] ble?
Our Saviour doth hereby represen [...] the hard usage which the Prophets had me [...] with from the Jews; and likewise signifie [...] what he expected at their hands; whereupon [Page 27]would follow the taking Gods Ordi [...]ances from them.
How did this Parable relish with the [...]ews?
They perceived he had spoken of [...]hem, and would have laid hands upon him, [...]ut durst not for fear of the people.
What other Parable did he put [...]orth?
One to the same purpose, of a King, Chap, 22 [...]ho making a Marriage for his Son, invited [...]everal Guests, who refusing to come, and [...]sing his Servants ill, were destroyed; and [...] Command given to call in as many as the [...]ervants could find, from the High-ways and Hedges.
What was the intent of this Parable?
It was to shew the Rejection of the [...]ews, and the Calling of the Gentiles.
What was the Second Dispute?
About paying Caesar's Tribute-Money; [...]he Pharisees and Herodians resolving to [...]y if by this way they could ensnare [...]im.
How did he puzzle them by his Answer?
He appointed the Payment, shewing was Caesar's Due, by having Caesar's I [...]age and Superscription upon it; at [...]hich Answer they wondred, and left [...]im.
What was the Third Dispute?
A Dispute about the Resurrection [...]ith the Sadduces, which they denied.
How did they frame their Argument [...] gainst it?
By an Instance out of the Law whi [...] commanded a Brother to take the survivi [...] Widow of his Brother to Wife, for raisi [...] up Seed; and thereupon alledging that sev [...] Brethren in order had taken one Woman they asked to which of those Seven she shou [...] belong at the Resurrection.
How did Christ refute this Argument?
By declaring their Mistake abo [...] Marriages in the other World; and alledgin [...] a Passage out of Exodus, where God ca [...] himself the God of Abraham, Isaac an [...] Jacob, who were all dead, but must ris [...] again.
How was this Answer taken?
The whole Multitude did might [...] applaud Christ for it.
What was the Fourth Dispute?
The Pharisees (desirous to silen [...] him) employed one to ask what was the gre [...] Commandment.
How did Christ answer this Question?
He resolved the whole Law into T [...] Precepts; the Loving God, as the First, an [...] the Loving our Neighbour, as the Second.
What followed after this?
A Question which Christ asked the concerning the Messiah's being the Son [...] David; and proving him to be so, whe [...] they could not answer it.
What did he take occasion thence to t [...] his Disciples?
He gave them order to attend to the good Doctrine of the Scribes and Pharisees, Chap. 23 but to beware of their Ambition, their Hypocrisie and Cruelty in killing the Prophets of God; bewailing the Conditon of Jerusalem upon that account.
What ground of Discourse did his Disciples give him at his going from the Temple?
Upon their shewing him those goodly Buildings, Chap. 24 he Prophesied the Destruction of the Temple, and thence proceeded to foretel the utter Desolation of Jerusalem, and the End of the World.
What Duty did he urge thereupon?
The Duty of Watchfulness, for fear [...]est that time should surprize them (and [...]us) unawares; promising a Blessing to those [...]hat do Watch, and denouncing a Judgment [...]gainst those that are negligent.
Did that Head of Discourse end so?
No; for Christ thereupon uttered Two Parables.
Which was the First?
The Parable of Ten Virgins going to [...]eet the Bridegroom, Five wise, Chap. 25 and Five [...]oolish; the wise took Oil with their Lamps, [...]he foolish did not; who afterwards wanting, [...]ould have borrowed of the wise; but they [...]efused to lend; whereupon going forth to [...]uy, the Bridegroom came in the mean while, and those who were ready, went to [...]he Marriage, but the rest were shut out.
What doth this Parable teach?
The necessity of having Grace at all times ready, that it may not be to seek when it is to be used; lest at Christ's coming we be found unfit to be received by him.
Which was the Second Parable?
A man Travelling abroad, gave several Talents to several Servants (some more, some less) wherewith they should Trade for Advantage; Two doing so, were rewarded; One neglecting, was punished, and his Talent given to him that had the most.
What is the Design of this Parable?
It teacheth us, That all the Gifts o [...] God are to be well Husbanded; and then he will both Encrease and Reward them: but if we be careless, and bury them in silence, he will take them from us, and punish u [...] too.
What follows after these Parables?
A Description of the General Judgment, with the Eternal Blessing upon th [...] Righteous for their Works of Charity; with the Everlasting Curse upon the wicked fo [...] their Ʋncharitableness.
Was there any Conspiracy made by th [...] Jews against Christ?
They laid a Design to apprehend an [...] kill him.
What happened before they took him?
Chap. 26 A Woman in Bethany anointed him with very precious Ointment, whose goo [...] work he commended, though his Disciple spake against it.
By whom was Christ betrayed?
By Judas Iscariot, one of his Disciples, who covenanted with the Chief Priests to do it for Thirty Pieces of Silver.
What opportunity was offered for the effecting it?
Jesus according to his custom, keeping the Passover, did discover Judas his Treachery unto him; and there the Occasion was taken.
What did Jesus at the end of the Pass-over-Supper?
He instituted his own Supper in Bread and Wine; and after the singing an Hymn, went unto the Mount of Olives.
What did he there declare unto his Disciples?
Their Fear of suffering, which would be seen in forsaking him that night.
How was this taken?
Peter pretended a great deal of Courage, that though All should forsake Christ, He would not; nay he would rather die with him than deny him: and the rest asserted the same.
Whither did Christ then betake himself?
To Gethsemane; where chusing out Peter, James, and John to watch with him, he went and PRAYED THREE TIMES for the removal of his Bitter Cup.
Did the Disciples Watch according to his bidding?
No. He found them asleep each time, [Page 32]at his return to them (for he had withdrawn himself a little way from them.)
What followed shortly after these Prayers?
The coming of Judas, and a Multitude with him, having swords and staves for their own defence.
What fign was given to know the person betrayed?
Judas had promised to come to him with a Kiss, whereupon Christ was immediately apprehended.
Did his Disciples do nothing in order to his Rescue?
One of them (S. Peter) cut off a Servant's right ear who belonged to the high Priest; whereupon Christ commanded the Sword to be sheathed again.
Whither was Jesus then carried?
To the Palace of Caiaphas the High Priest, where the Scribes and Pharisees were assembled.
What became of Peter?
He followed afar off, and sate with the Servants to see the issue of the Business.
How was Christ proceeded against?
By endeavouring to suborn False witnesses against him, to whose Testimony he would answer nothing.
What did they do at length to condemn him?
The High Priest adjuring him to declare if he were the Christ, he confessed it; which Confession they alledging to be Blasphemy, [Page 33]straightway he was condemned to Death.
How did the Multitude then use him?
They spat in his face, buffetted him, and smote him with their hands.
What became of Peter all this while?
He being charged as one of Christ's Disciples, denied it three times, with Oaths and Curses; after which (according to his Master's Prophesie) the Cock crowed.
How did Peter take this?
Remembring the words of Christ, he went out and wept bitterly.
To whom was Christ carried from Caiaphas?
The Jews designing his Death, Chap. 27 delivered him over to Pilate.
How did Judas speed after the betraying his Master?
Christ being condemned, Judas his guilty Conscience accused him; whereupon, he confessed his Sin, brought again the Money he had received, and hanged himself.
How did Christ behave himself before Pilate?
He would not Answer to the things alledged against him.
Did not Pilate use to shew the Jews some particular Favour at the Passover-time?
Yes. He used to release such a Prisoner as they should chuse.
Why then was not Christ released?
Because the People chose Barabbas before him.
What warning had Pilate given him not to be concerned in Christ's Death?
His Wife sent him a Caution to the Judgment-Seat where he sate, that he should not meddle with him; because she had suffered many things in a Dream.
How did he declare his Innocency when Christ was to suffer?
He called for a Bason of Water, in which he washed his hands; asserting himself innocent of his Blood.
How did the Jews take it upon themselves?
With a dreadful Imprecation: His Blood be on us and on our Children.
How then did they proceed against Christ?
He was scourged, stripped of his Robes, cloathed in Scarlet, crowned with a Crown of Thorns, and carried to Golgotha, with his Cross born before him.
What did they to him there?
They gave him Vinegar mingled with Drink, and Crucified him between Two Thieves.
What Miracles happened at his Crucifixion?
A General Darkness over the Earth for three hours, the Vail of the Temple rent, the Earth quaking, the Rock split in pieces, the Graves opening, and many Bodies of the Saints arising.
How did this work upon the Centurion then in Command?
It extorted from him and those present, a Confession that Christ was the Son of God.
Did no one beg his dead Body?
Yes; Joseph of Arimathea, one of Christ's Disciples privately, begg'd it of Pilate.
How did he dispose of it?
Wrapping it in clean Linnen, he laid it in his own new Tomb hewen out of a Rock, and rolled a great stone to the door of the Sepulchre.
What care did the Scribes and Pharisees take that he should not rise again?
They desired of Pilate a Watch about the Sepulchre, lest his Disciples should come by night and steal him away.
When, and in what manner did Christ rise?
Early on the First day of the Week, Chap. 28 with a great Earthquake: The Angel of the Lord rolling away the stone from the Sepulchre, and sitting upon it.
How was this Resurrection made known?
By the Angel, to those women who came to the Sepulchre, and found not his Body.
What Influence had the Angel's Relation upon those Women?
They departed from the Sepulchre with fear and great joy, to carry these Tidings to his Disciples.
Did not Christ himself appear to them?
Yes; He appeared in the way, and [Page 36]gave them order to appoint his Disciples to meet him in Galilee.
How was this discovered in Jerusalem?
Some of the Watch came, and told the Chief Priests what was done.
How did the Chief Priests endeavour to conceal the truth of it?
By Bribing the Souldiers to report that his Disciples came in the night to steal him away; which Report the Jews still believe.
Did Christ meet his Disciples according to his Appointment?
Yes; and there discoursed with them of his Almighty Power.
What particular Command did he give them at that time?
That they should go abroad Teaching and Baptizing in the Name of the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost; Instructing men to be obedient unto his Commands, and then Comforted them with a Promise of his Presence to the End of the World.
S. MARK.
HOw doth the Gospel of S. MARK begin?
Chap. 1 With an Account of John's Preaching in the Wilderness, and Prophesying of our Saviour Christ; whereupon he is signified by Ezekiel's Lion.
What doth this Gospel contain?
It is almost an Abridgment of the former, with some few Additions, ( six in Number) now only necessary to be taken notice of.
What is the first considerable Addition?
Chap. 6 The Account of John Baptist's being slain by Herod; where several Circumstances are mentioned, which the other Evangelists take no notice of.
What be those Circumstances;
The great Opinion which Herod had of John, as a just man and an holy: The time when his Death happened, when Herod upon his Birth-Day made a Feast to the great persons of his Kingdom; and the particular Direction Herodias gave her Daughter of asking John Baptist's Head.
What is the Second Addition?
The Miracle which Christ [...] upon a man that was Deaf, and [...] [...] pediment in his Speech, by putting his [...] [Page 38]into the man's Ears, spitting and touching his Tongue.
What is the Third Addition?
Chap. 8 The Cure of one at Bethsaida who was Blind.
How was he cured?
Christ spat upon his Eyes, whereupon he saw men as Trees, walking; and putting his Hands upon them again, the sight was perfectly restored.
What Charge did Christ then give him?
Neither to go into the Town, nor to tell it in the Town.
What is the Fourth Addition?
Chap. 9 Our Saviour's Rebuke to his Apostle John, upon forbidding a man to cast out Devils in Christ's Name, because he was not of their Company: Assuring him that whosoever was not against Christ was on his part.
What is the Fifth Addition?
Chap. 12 A more particular Account of the Scribe who enquired of Christ, which was the First and Great Commandment.
What is there considerable in this Evangelist's Relation of the Story?
The Approbation which the Scribe gave to our Saviour's Answer; acknowledging for a Truth the Ʋnity of the Godhead; that the Love of God and our Neighbour was beyond all Offerings and Sacrifices: whereupon Christ for his discreet Reply, took a Love to him, and declared that he was not far from the Kingdom of God.
What is the Sixth Addition?
Chap. 16 It hath Relation to what followed upon our Saviour's Resurrection; something more Particular, something more General.
What is the Particular Matter?
The Comfort especially sent to Peter by Name (who had before denied him) concerning his Resurrection; and his first appearance to Mary Magdalen, a great Sinner.
What are the General Things?
His Disciples not believing their Master's Resurrection when it was told them by Mary, nor by Two walking together; he appeared to them All; upbraiding them with Ʋnbelief; after which, He Commissionated them to go forth Preaching to All Nations; enduing them with Gifts for their Office, and Power against unclean Spirits: after which, he gave them an Account of his Ascension into Heaven.
S. LUKE.
HOw doth S. LƲKE begin his Gospel?
With an Account of John Baptist, who was our Saviour's Fore-runner, and declared him to be the MESSIAS.
What Account is given of him?
An Account of his Parentage, Chap. 1 together with his miraculous Conception and Birth; upon which score he is likened to Ezekiel's Ox.
Who were John Baptist's Parents?
Zacharias and Elizabeth, both of the Tribe of Levi; and Zacharias a Priest, of the Order of Abias.
What Character is given of them?
That they were both Righteous, walking blamelesly before the Lord.
What is declared concerning his Conception and Birth?
The Miraculousness of them, by reason of his Parents Age, and the Discovery of that Miracle by an Angel.
Of what Age were his Parents?
They were both stricken in years, and Elizabeth had no Child.
To whom was the Discovery made of John Baptist's Birth?
To Zacharias, who (according to his office) was then to burn Incense in the Temple.
Ʋnder what Notion was this Discovery made?
That his Prayers being heard, his Wife should bear a Son, who was appointed an Instrument of converting many Jews unto God.
Who made this Discovery?
The Angel Gabriel.
How did Zacharias entertain this Message?
with much Ʋnbelief; for which he was punished by being stricken dumb; and so to continue till the accomplishment of that Message; to the admiration of the People who waited for him upon his long stay in the Temple.
What was the next Errand whereupon this Angel was employed?
An Errand to the Blessed Virgin Mary, to acquaint her that she should be the MOTHER of our Saviour, by the miraculous power of the Holy Ghost, because she had never known man.
What particular Taken was given to confirm her Faith herein?
An Account of her Cousin Elizabeth's having conceived John the Baptist about six Months before, or thereabouts.
What course did the Virgin Mary take to be further satisfied in the truth of this Relation.
She went to her Cousin Elizabeth; upon whose Visit the Child leaped in Elizabeths Womb for joy; and she acknowledged [Page 40] [...] [Page 41] [...] [Page 42] Mary as the Mother of her (and our) Lord; pronouncing a Blessing upon her for her Faith.
How did Mary entertain this Salutation?
With her Magnificat, a Song of Praise.
Did Elizabeth bear a Son according to this Prediction?
She did.
What was his Name?
His Name was called JOHN.
How came he be so called?
His Friends would have Named him Zacharias, after his Father; but his Mother called him John: which Name (upon their Dislike) was confirmed by his Father's writing it, though he could not speak.
Was his Father's Speech restored unto him?
Yes; for immediately after these Signs made, he spake plainly.
What was the first use he made of his Tongue?
The Blessing God in his Benedictus, or Song of Praise.
At what time happened our Saviour's Birth? Chap. 2
In the Days of Augustus Caesar, when he set forth a Decree to Tax all Persons under his Government.
Where was Christ born?
In Bethlehem, according to the Prophesies which went of him.
How came he to be born there?
Because Joseph (his Reputed Father) went with Mary his Mother thither to obey Caesar's Command, near the time when she was to be Delivered.
Where was he laid upon his Birth?
He was wrapped in Swadling-cloaths, and laid in a Manger, in the Stable, because there was no room for his Parents in the Inne.
To whom was the first Declaration of his Birth made?
To Shepherds in the Field, who were watching their Flocks by Night.
By whom was it made?
By an Angel of God; with a Sign where and how they should find him.
How was this Message accompanied?
With a Divine Anthem, sung by the Heavenly Host.
Did the Shepherds find the Relation given them to be true?
Yes; for according to the Command, they made Enquiry, going to Bethlehem, and finding it to be as the Angel had told them, they noised it abroad.
Did Christ after his Birth submit to the Ordinances of the Law?
Yes; for upon the Eighth day he was Circumcised, and called Jesus; and his Mother at the appointed time was Purified in the Temple, presenting her Son there unto the Lord according to the Law; and offering what the Law required.
Who was then to meet with them in the Temple?
Simeon, an Holy man; who (having a Divine Revelation that he should not die till he had seen Christ in the Flesh) came at that time, by the Spirit, into the Temple.
How did Simeon entertain this sight?
He took the Child (JESƲS) in his Arms, blessed God with a Song (his Nunc Dimittis) and Prophesied of that Child's Sufferings.
Whom else did they there meet with?
Anna a Prophetess, a constant Attender in the Temple, of almost an Hundred Years old; who thanked God, and Prophesied of the Redemption which that Child should work.
Whither did JESƲS his Parents go after these things were done?
To Nazareth, the place of their Abode.
At what time was Christ publickly taken notice of?
When at Twelve Years old, being in Jerusalem, at the Feast of the Passover, he went into the Temple, and Disputed with the Doctors.
When did John Baptist begin to Preach and Baptize?
In the Fifteenth Year of Tiberius Caesar. Chap. 3
What became of him afterwards?
He was cast into Prison by Herod, [Page 45]whom he had reproved for Ʋncleanness with Herodias his Brother Philip's Wife.
Of what Age was Christ when he was Baptized, and began to Preach?
About Thirty years of Age.
What other things are remarkable in this Gospel, which are not found in the Rest?
Several things, which shall be noted as they come in order.
What is the First?
Christ's Preaching at Nazareth (where he had been brought up) upon a passage of the Prophet Isaiah; Chap. 4 declaring that Text to be then fulfilled in himself: and the effect that Sermon had upon the People.
What was that Effect?
In some it wrought an Admiration; in others so much Wrath that they thrust him out of the Synagogue, and would have thrown him headlong down the Brow of the Hill (whereon their City was built) had he not miraculously escaped from them.
What was the Second?
The Miracle by the Lake of Genesareth; where entring into Simon's Ship, Chap. 5 who had toiled all the night for Fish, and catched nothing, Christ commanded him to launch out, and that the Net should be cast out for a Draught; whereupon such a multitude of Fishes were taken, that the Nets brake, and that Ship with another were so filled, that they both began to sink.
What influence had this Miracle upon Peter and his Partners?
They were astonished at the sight; and Peter in an Extasie, desired Christ to depart from him, for he was a sinful man.
How did Christ comfort all of them?
With an Assurance that (as Spiritual Fishers) they should after that time catch men: and then they followed him.
What was the Third Thing considerable?
After a Repetition of his Sermon (in short) mentioned by S. Matthew, Chap. 7 he raised to Life the Widows Son of Naim, who was upon carrying forth to be buried; comforting his Mother, and touching the Bier; upon which Touch, the young man arose alive.
What was the Fourth Thing?
The Story of Mary Magdalen in a Pharisees House, washing Christ's Feet with her Tears, wiping them with the Hairs of her Head, kissing and anointing them with Ointment.
What use did Christ make hereof in his Discourse?
He reproved the Pharisee (in whose House he was) for a Miss-conceit of his suffering this from so great a Sinner, by a Parable of Two Debtors, one owing little, the other much, and both forgiven; since he to whom much was forgiven would love most; and she having much forgiven her, did this to express the Greatness of her Affection.
What follows next in course?
An Account of our Saviour's going to Jerusalem, Chap. 9 when passing through a Village of the Samaritans, where they would not receive him, he denied the request of James and John, about calling for Fire from Heaven to consume them (after the example of Elias) teaching them that the Design of the Gospel was not to destroy, but to save mens Lives.
What comes in order after this?
The Lawyer's tempting Christ upon the account of the Commandments, Chap. 10 and who was meant in the Law by his Neighbour.
How did Christ explain this unto him?
By the Parable of a man Travelling from Jerusalem to Jericho, who was stripped and left wounded by Thieves; whom a Priest and Levite passed by; but a courteous Samaritan took upon his Beast, carried to an Inne, bound up his Wounds, and paid his Charges.
How was this Applied?
Christ thereupon asked the Lawyer which of these Three was the Man's Neighbour; upon whose Answer [He that shewed Mercy] Christ directed him to do accordingly.
What ensued hereupon?
The Entertainment which Christ had in Martha's House; whom he commended for welcoming him, but her Sister Mary [Page 48]much more, for hearing his Word, and so chusing the better part.
To what doth our Saviour then proceed? Chap. 11
Upon the Request of his Disciples, who desired he would teach them to pray, as John taught his Disciples, he gave them [His most excellent Prayer] not only as a Pattern of Prayer, but as a Form of Prayer, teaching them to say, Our Father, &c.
But what particularly did he tell them after the recital of this Prayer?
The necessity of being importunate in Prayer, by the Parable of a man in need, to supply a Friend, coming to borrow some Loaves, and gaining them upon the account of his earnestness; shewing that in the same manner God will deal with us.
What occasion did Christ take to disswade his Followers from worldly-mindedness?
He did it upon the account of the Request of a man entreating that he would divide the Inheritance between him and his Brother; in which dealing he acknowledged himself to be no Judge.
What particular Argument did he use upon that occasion?
To beware of Covetousness; because a man's Life consisteth not in the abundance of the things which he possesseth.
How did he urge this?
By a Parable, and by Reasons.
What was the Parable?
Of a Rich man whose Grounds bringing forth plentifully, he resolved to build greater Barns for the bestowing his Fruits, and promised himself a great deal of Pleasure, having Goods laid up for many years; but that very night God took his Soul from him.
What Application did Christ make of this Parable?
The Application is ( so, i. e. a Fool) is every one that layeth up Treasure for himself, and is not rich towards God.
What were the Reasons?
Several; partly drawn from a Consideration of the Inferior Creatures, Ravens, and Lillies, for whom God provided; partly from God's knowing our need of Outward things: but especially from a Consideration of the Heavenly Kingdom which he would give us, and consequently that we should not want any Necessary Outward Blessing.
To what Head did Christ then turn his Discourse?
To the Doctrine of Repentance, Chap. 13 upon occasion of mentioning the Galileans, whose Blood Pilate mingled with their Sacrifices, and the Eighteen slain by the Tower of Siloam's falling upon them.
Wherein lay the strength of this Argument?
That men should not think the persons upon whom those Judgments fell, to be extraordinary Sinners; but that without Repentance all should perish.
What particular Miracle happened after this Doctrine delivered?
The Curing of a Woman of an Eighteen years Infirmity, by his Word, and laying his Hands upon her.
How was this Miracle taken?
The Ruler of the Synagogue was angry, and chode with the Woman, because it was done on the Sabbath Day.
What Answer did Christ make to this Rebuke?
He taxed the Ruler's Hypocrisie by an Argument of doing Works of Necessity to an Oxe or an Ass; that this work of Charity was justifiable on that day, to a Daughter of Abraham.
What was his next Discourse?
Upon a Question asked, shewing the Fewness of those that should be saved; that men should strive for the Kingdom of God.
What was hereupon urged against him?
A Relation of Herod's Design to kill him, that he might be fearful.
What Miracle did he then do?
He healed a man of a Dropsie on the Sabbath; for which he gave those Reasons which the Pharisees were not able to answer.
What Parable did he then speak to them?
Being at a Feast, to retrench their Ambition, and engage them to Humility, he propounded the Parable of Ʋndecency in mens chusing the uppermost Seats in the Room, lest they should be desired to sit lower; but rather the lowest, that they might be exalted higher.
What especial Direction did he give to the Inviter?
That when he made a Feast, he should not chuse his Rich Friends and Neighbours, but the Poor and Impotent, to assure his Reward at the Resurrection.
What great Duty did he then urge upon All that would be his Disciples?
The Duty of Self-Denial; to quit all their Interests for him.
How was it urged?
By proposal of a serious Consideration how they undertake his Service, in allusion to a Man's building a Tower, who who would first compute the Charge, lest he should be laughed at for his Enterprize; and by one King's making War against another of double strength, who would certainly overcome him.
What occasion was given to Christ for his next Parables?
The Publicans and Sinners coming to hear him; Chap. 15 at which the Scribes and Pharisees found fault.
What Parables did he then make use of?
Four. The First was indeed Two in One: That of the lost sheep; over which, the Owner, when he finds it, rejoyceth more than over the other Ninety nine (when he had an Hundred:) and of the Womans lost Piece of Silver, over which (when found) she joyeth more than over the others which had not been lost at all.
What was the Second Parable?
Of a Prodigal Son; who having wasted his Portion in Riotous Living, returned to his Father, and was kindly received by him; at which, his Envious Brother being angry, the Father pacified him with a Declaration of his Brother's sad condition, the Bettering whereof, was a Joy unto him.
What was the Third Parable, and to whom spoken?
It was spoken particularly to his Disciples; Chap. 16 and it was of a Rich man's Steward, who having wasted his Master's Goods, and being accused for doing so, endeavoured to work Favour for himself with the Debtors, by bringing them to Easier Terms.
What Application did Christ make of this Parable?
Partly to inform them, That the Children of this World are wiser in their generation than the Children of Light; and partly to teach us that we should make to our selves Friends of the Mammon of unrighteousness.
What was the Fourth Parable?
The Historical Parable of the Rich man, and Lazarus the Beggar.
What is the Substance of that Parable?
That the Rich man being sumptuously arrayed, and deliciously fed every day, had a poor man came begging to his Door, to whom he denied the Crums from his Table; the Dogs licking his Sores; but the Beggar dying, was carried by Angels into Abraham's Bosom; the Rich man dying, was buried, and went to Hell.
What then happened to this rich man?
Being in Torments, he lift up his Eyes, and seeing Lazarus in Abraham's Bosom, he desired a drop of Water to cool his Tongue, because he was tormented in Flames.
Was his Petition granted?
No. Because that rich man had received Blessings in this Life; for the missimprovement whereof, he was then tormented.
What was his next Request?
That Lazarus might be sent to his five Brethren, lest they should come to the same place of Torment where he was.
What Argument did he use for the obtaining his Desire?
That though Abraham told him they had [Page 54] the Scriptures, yet a Message delivered by one from the Dead, might work more upon them.
Was this Request of his granted?
It was not, Abraham assuring him, That if they believed not the Scriptures, they would not believe the Relation of One from the Dead.
What Direction did Christ then give to his Disciples?
A Direction to avoid Malice against their Brethren, Chap. 17 forgiving them upon a profession of Repentance.
What Miracle followed upon this?
The Cleansing Ten Lepers.
What was considerable in this Miracle?
That though Ten were cleansed, yet there was but One that gave Thanks to God for his Cure; and he was a Samaritan.
What other Discourse happened?
Upon the Pharisees Question, when the Kingdom of God should come, Christ admonished his Disciples against Security; from the Instance of the Old World, in the Dayes of Noah, destroyed with a Flood; and the People of Sodom, in the Dayes of Lot, destroyed with Fire and Brimstone.
What other Duty did Christ teach his Disciples?
The Duty of Fervent and Importunate Prayer. Chap. 18
How did he teach it?
By the Parable of an Ʋnjust Judge, [Page 55]who was wrought upon by the importunity of a poor Widow, to revenge her of her Adversary.
How did Christ apply this Parable?
That if a Man could thus be prevailed with, much more would God be so, to take care of his Elect.
What else was taught them?
The shaking off all Self-Confidence?
In what manner was this done?
By the Parable of a Pharisee and Publican going to Pray in the Temple; the Pharisee boasting of his good Deeds; but the Publican humbly confessing his sins; whereupon He was justified, but the Pharisee was not.
What person do we read of that next entertained Christ?
Zacheus the Publican. Chap. 19
How did he manifest his inclination to entertain him?
Being Low of Stature, he climbed into a Sycamore-Tree to see him, as he passed along.
Was this kindly taken by our Saviour?
So kindly, that espying him in the Tree, he called him to come down, and proffered to be a Guest at his House.
What Repentance did Zacheus then shew for his former sins?
Not only the Receiving of Christ joyfully, but declaring his Readiness to give Half of his Goods to the Poor, and restoring Fourfold to any one whom he had wronged by false Accusation.
What Compassion did Christ shew to Jerusalem, whither he was then going?
No sooner did he see the City, but he wept, lamenting the Desolation which should come upon it.
What Particulars are here recorded concerning Christ's Passion?
The Exhortation which he gave to his Followers, Chap. 23 that they should not weep for him, but themselves; the Praying for his Enemies; and the Conversion of the Penitent Malefactor, who justified Christ's Innocency when he died with him.
What followed after his Fassion, which is not elsewhere declared?
His Discoursing with the Two Disciples going to Emaus, Chap. 24 expounding to them the Scriptures concerning himself, and being known unto them in Eating with them.
Did he not likewise discover himself to the rest of the Disciples?
Yes; for he appeared to them when they were together; making them to feel his Body; and Eating in their presence.
Did he not at that time give them some Promise?
He gave them the Promise of the Holy Ghost's being sent, commanding them to stay at Jerusalem till that Promise was fulfilled.
What was there remarkable in Christ's Ascension?
That leading his Disciples as far as [Page 57] Bethany, he Blessed them, and while he did so, was carried from them into Heaven.
What did the Disciples do after his Ascension?
They worshipped him; returning to Jerusalem with great Joy; continuing in the Temple, and praising God.
S. JOHN.
VVHo was the Writer of this Gospel?
S. JOHN, Christ's Beloved Disciple.
Doth he write of the same things with the other Evangelists?
No; for his principal Business being to convince those of his time concerning Christ's Divinity, he purposely relates such things as gave the most evident Proofs of it; whereupon he is compared to Ezekiel's Eagle.
What doth S. John 's First Chapter contain?
A Declaration of Christ's Divinity, Chap. 1 V. 1. his Humanity, V. 14. His Office, of being the Light of the World, V. 9. The Testimony given of him by John Baptist; the Calling of S. Andrew and S. Peter, Philip and Nathanael.
What is the first Miracle of which this Evangelist speaketh?
The turning Water into Wine at a Marriage in Cana in Galilee, Chap. 2 which was indeed the First of all the Miracles he wrought.
How did he next discover himself?
By going into the Temple at the Passover, and driving out the Sellers of Sheep [Page 59]and Oxen, with a Scourge of small Cords.
What notice did the Jews then take of him?
They required a Sign from him to shew his Authority.
What Sign did he give them?
The Sign of his own Passion and Resurrection after three Days, with allusion to the Destroying the Temple (meaning the Temple of his Body) which he in that time would rear again.
What Favour did he gain with the People?
Many Believed on him upon the Account of his Miracles.
Who is particularly mentioned?
Nicodemus, Chap. 3 one of the Jewish Rulers, who came by night to discourse with Christ.
In what things did Christ principally instruct him?
In the necessity of Regeneration, Salvation by Faith in Him, the unexpressible Love of God in sending Christ into the World; and the great ground of Condemnation by Ʋnbelief.
What Account did John Baptist give of Christ?
Some of his Disciples acquainting their Master what Followers Christ had gained, John told them Who he was, and how he should encrease.
Whither did Christ then take his Journey?
Out of Judea into Galilee; Chap. 4 passing by Sychar, a City of Samaria, where Jacob's Well was.
What happened there?
A Discourse which he had with a Samaritan Woman.
Ʋpon what occasion did this Discourse begin?
Upon her coming to that Well to draw Water, he instructs her about the Water of Life; telling her likewise what her Conversation was in living with a Man who was not her Husband.
What thoughts had the Woman of him upon this Relation?
She apprehendeth him to be a Prophet.
How did his Disciples take this Discourse?
They having been employed about buying Meat in the City, were surprized at their return, to see Christ and the Woman talking together.
What way did this Woman take to make Christ more known?
She divulged him to the men of the City, as one that had told her all things she had done; whereupon the People went out to see him, and by his Discourse with them, many believed on him.
What is the Second Miracle mentioned?
The Healing a Nobleman's Son at Capernaum, who was sick of a Fever.
How was it known that Christ cured him?
Because the Father of the Child desiring this Favour from Christ, had his promise for the Cure; and by the Relation of his own Servants, at the very hour when the Promise was made, the Fever left him.
What is the next Miracle recorded by this Evangelist?
The Curing a Lame man, Chap. 5 who had been troubled with his Infirmity 38 years.
Ʋpon what occasion was this Miracle wrought?
Christ coming to one of the Solemn Feasts at Jerusalem, saw him lying at the Pool of Bethesda, and there Cured him.
Why did the man lie there?
Because an Angel coming at such a time, moved the Water, and gave it such a virtue, that whosoever first stepped in, was cured.
When was this Cure wrought?
On the Sabbath Day.
What happened hereupon?
Two things. 1. The Jews chiding with the man for being healed on the Sabbath. 2. Their endeavouring to kill Christ for healing on that Day.
What Answer did Christ make to justifie himself?
Besides his solemn Reasoning to their Cavils, he plainly proves himself to be the Messias, appealing to the Testimony of John Baptist, V. 33. To the Miracles which he wrought, V. 36. To the Voice of his Father, [Page 62]owning him, V. 37. and to the Scriptures; V. 39. Referring them to Moses, in whom they so much trusted.
Doth not this Evangelist mention the Miracle of the Loaves and Fishes?
Yes; Chap. 6 He relates the feeding 5000 men with Five Loaves and Two Fishes; adding further, that they were Barley Loaves; and that the Miracle was wrought at the Sea of Tiberias.
What followed upon this Miracle?
The Peoples Resolution to make him King; whereupon he departed to the other side of the Sea.
Did any thing befal the Disciples as they crossed the Seas?
They being got into another Ship by themselves, and being also in Danger, because it was dark, were very much afraid; till Christ made himself known unto them, and so was received into their Ship.
How was it with them when they came to Land?
The People which had seen the former Miracle, following him, he took occasion from thence to discourse with them about the true Living Bread, which was Himself.
How did this Discourse take?
It made a great many of his Followers depart from him, because he spake of his Death, and Ascension into Heaven.
Where do we next meet with Christ?
At Jerusalem, Chap. 7 in the Feast of Tabernacles, [Page 63]where he made another excellent Speech to the People.
What Influence had this Speech upon them?
It made many persons acknowledge him to be the Christ.
Did the Pharisees take this well?
No. For they then sent Officers to apprehend him; who being much affected with his Words, returned without him; which occasioned a great Debate.
What Project had they then against Christ?
They brought to him a Woman taken in Adultery, and setting her before him, Chap. 8 desired Judgment against her.
Did Christ pronounce any sentence against her?
No. He writing upon the ground, that whosoever was without sin, should cast the first stone at her ( stoning being the usual Death for such Offenders) all her Accusers departed; and they being gone, he dismissed her with a Charge to [SIN NO MORE.]
What arose in controversie upon this Dismission?
A long Discourse between Him and the Jews, till at length in Anger they designed to stone him; which he prevented by hiding himself, and passing through the midst of them.
What further proof did Christ give of his Divinity?
The curing a man blind from his Birth, Chap. 2 by washing his Eyes in the Pool of Siloam, after he had anointed those Eyes with Clay, made of Spittle.
Did not this make the Neighbours of that man to wonder?
Yes. Whereupon the man told them who had recovered him of his Blindness.
How did the Pharisees take this Miracle?
They took the man into examination, and found fault with him for being healed on the Sabbath Day.
How were they satisfied in the truth of the Miracle?
Not upon the man's Relation only, till they had called his Parents, who asserted that he was their Blind Son.
What fell out upon that Miracle?
A Discourse between the Pharisees and the man that was cured; whereupon they excommunicated him, for defending Christ in his Cure.
Did any injury happen to the man by this Sentence?
No; for Christ hearing of it, did thereupon discover himself to the man, that he was the True Messias; and the man becoming one of his Disciples, Christ entertained his Hearers with several Speeches.
What was the First of those Speeches?
A short Account of his Coming into the World for Judgment, and convincing them of wilful Blindness.
What was the next?
A Parable of the Good Shepherd, Chap. 10 who took care of the Sheep, which the Hireling would not do.
What did he mean by this Parable?
That all Pretenders to the Messiah-ship before Himself, were no better than Hirelings (men led by worldly Principles) but He was the True Shepherd (or Messias.)
Had this Parable no further reach than only with respect to the Jews?
Yes; It related also to the Gentiles; because he speaks of the other Sheep which he must bring into his Fold; prophesying of his Resurrection that should be the means of bringing both Jews and Gentiles together.
What effect had these Speeches upon the People?
There was a Division; part of the People adhering unto, part dissenting from him.
At what time did this happen?
At the Feast of the Temples Dedication, when it was Winter.
What Question did the Jews then ask him?
Whether he was the Christ or no?
What Answer did he give them?
Declaring his Miracles, he asserted himself to be One with the Father.
How did the Jews take that?
They threatned to stone him, till he proved the Reasonableness of his Discourse by a Quotation out of the Old [Page 66]Testament, which he argued to his own Advantage.
After Christ's escape from them, whither did he go?
To the other side of Jordan, where John had Baptized, and to which place many of the Jews resorted to visit him.
What Acceptance had these Speeches at the last?
Different among the Jews; for some derided, and others believed on him, by reason of the Miracle; till at last there was an attempt to stone him.
What Evidence did he receive from those Jews that he was the Messias.
They were so far convinced, as to acknowledge that though John did no Miracle, yet whatsoever John had said of him, was true; whereupon many believed on him.
What Miracle do we find recorded after these Speeches?
The raising Lazarus out of the Grave. Chap. 11
What Circumstances attended this Miracle?
Several: There being an exact Historical Narration of it.
Pray declare the Particulars from the beginning.
It begins with the Account of Lazarus his being sick, who was beloved of Christ (to whom his Sisters sent word of his Illness) and then proceeds to his Death.
What notice did Christ take when he heard that Lazarus was sick?
It is said, that upon hearing thereof, he abode two days in the place where he was, before he went to visit Lazarus, for the Glory of his Majesty; and then he told his Disciples that Lazarus was dead.
How did Christ then dispose of himself?
He visited Martha ( Lazarus his Sister) and comforted her with hope of her Brother's Resurrection; but she (and her Sister Mary) not contented therewith, after he had wept over Lazarus his Grave, He raised him from the dead, by the word of his Mouth, when he had been four Days buried.
How did Lazarus arise?
With his Grave-cloaths about him.
How did this Miracle work upon the Jews?
Some believed; but others made it matter of their Discourse to the Pharisees, for the rendring him odious, lest by his means the Romans should increase their Power.
What followed upon this Information given by those Jews?
A Consultation was held to put Christ to Death (and not only Him, but Lazarus also) whereupon they sought for him at the Feast of the Passover.
Who gave Counsel for the doing of this?
Caiaphas the High Priest; alledging that it was more expedient one man should die, than that the whole Nation should suffer.
Whither did Christ then go?
Unto a City called Ephraim, near the Wilderness of Judea.
How did Christ manifest himself at the Passover?
Chap. 12 Certain Greeks desiring to see him, which they did by the Interest of Andrew and Philip, heard his Discourse, and a Witness was given to him by a voice from Heaven.
Did this work upon them?
No. They still persisted in Ʋnbelief; whereupon he testified against them.
What signal favour did Christ shew to the Disciples before his suffering?
He took a Bason of water ( after Supper) and girding himself with a Towel, Chap. 13 washed their feet, to teach them Humility and Condescention one towards another.
Did he then give them any particular Command?
Yes; the Command of Mutual Love, whereby they might testifie to the World their being his true Disciples.
How did he conclude all his former Sayings and Miracles?
Chap. 14,15, 16, 17 With an excellent Farewel Sermon; exhorting them to Piety, Charity, Fruitfulness and Patience; ending with a fervent Prayer, both for his own Glorification, and the Salvation of all those, who should believe on him to the end of the World.
Whither went he when this Sermon and Prayer were ended?
To the Brook Cedron, into a Garden, [Page 69]whither he often resorted, and there he was betrayed by Judas; and delivered into the hands of the Jews.
Whither was he then carried?
First to Caiaphas, afterwards to Pilate's Judgment-Hall; by whom he was condemned, and then crucified with an Inscription over his head in Greek, Latin and Hebrew [Jesus of Nazareth the King of the Jews.
What was done to him after his Crucifixion?
One of the Souldiers with a Spear pierced his side, out of which issued Water and Blood.
What Particulars doth this Evangelist relate about his Resurrection?
Chap. 20 Peter's and John's running to the Sepulchre, and there beholding the Grave-cloaths left behind, with the Napkin which had been about his Head, lying in a place distant from the rest.
To whom did Christ first appear after he was risen?
To Mary Magdalene, who took him to be the Gardner, till he discovered himself by his voice; afterwards she proffered to embrace him; for which attempt she was reproved.
Did he not likewise appear to the other Disciples?
He appeared to them the same day at evening, and there with his Breath bestowed upon them the Holy Ghost; giving [Page 70]them power of remitting and retaining sins.
Were any of the Disciples then absent?
Thomas was not there; nor would he believe the Relation, without satisfying himself by feeling the print of the Nails which had pierced him.
Was this satisfaction afforded him?
It was. For Eight days after, Christ appeared again, and allowed Thomas the liberty of feeling his Hands, Feet and Side; whereupon he cried out [My Lord and my God]
Did he after this appear to his Disciples any more?
Yes. He appeared to them again at the Sea of Tiberias.
What Circumstances attended that Appearance?
Peter, and some other Disciples, going a Fishing, and catching nothing all night, in the Morning Jesus stood on the Shore, and commanded them to cast the Net on the Right side of the Ship, whereupon they caught such a multitude of Fishes, that they were not able to draw the Net to shore.
Did this make any Discovery of him?
S. John hereupon declared to Peter, that it was the Lord; which Peter hearing, swam unto him; and the rest of the Disciples came in a little Ship, dragging the Net with Fishes.
What Miracle followed this?
No sooner were they come ashore, but they found a Fire of Coals with Fish laid upon it and Bread.
Did they eat of the Fish?
No. For at Christ's Command, they dressed of the Fish which they had taken.
What Number of Fishes were taken at that Draught?
An Hundred Fifty and Three Great Fishes; yet was not the Net broken.
To whom did Christ then particularly address himself in Discourse?
To Peter, three times questioning his Love; which, when Peter professed, as the best evidence thereof, Christ commanded him to feed his Lambs and Sheep; declaring also the Martyrdom that he should suffer.
Did Peter propound any Question at that time to his Master?
He asked what should become of John.
How did Christ answer this Question?
That if he pleased to have John live till his coming ( i. e. till his Power was manifested in the Destruction of the Jews) it was nothing to him; whereupon the Disciples fancied that John should not die.
How doth this Gospel conclude.
With John's asserting the Truth of those things which are delivered in it.
ACTS.
VVHat Book follows next after the Gospels?
The Acts of the Apostles.
Why hath it that Name?
Because it contains an History of the Eminent Acts (beside the Sufferings) of the Apostles of Christ, especially those Two more greatly employed, S. Peter and S. Paul.
By whom was this Book written?
It is generally believed to be written by S. Luke.
What reason have we to believe so?
Several Reasons; particularly these Two. 1. Because the Stile of this Book is the same with that of his Gospel; (as those who understand the Greek Tongue well, Chap. 1 know.) 2. By the Reference it hath to the End of his Gospel formerly written; and both of them are dedicated to the same Theophilus.
Wherewith doth this Book begin?
With a particular Account of Christ's Ascension into Heaven, in the sight of his Apostles, after he had conversed with them forty days from his Resurrection.
What was the first Work of the Apostles after Christ's Resurrection?
They and the rest of the Believers being assembled together, chose one out of the other Disciples, to succeed Judas in his Apostleship, [Page 73]from which he fell by his Transgression.
Who were appointed to stand for the place?
Two. Judas called Barsabas, and Matthias.
How were they to be chosen?
By Lot, and Prayer adjoyned.
Ʋpon whom did the Lot fall?
Upon Matthias; who was thence-for-ward reckoned among the 11 Apostles.
When was the Holy Ghost given to the Disciples?
Upon the Feast of Pentecost, Chap. 2 when they were all assembled together.
How was He given?
With the sound of a rushing mighty Wind, in Cloven Tongues like Fire, by which help they spake in several Languages.
How was this great Gift entertained?
By some with scorn, as if the Apostles had been drunk; by others with wonder.
How were the Apostles vindicated from the Aspersion of being drunk?
By a good and eloquent Sermon of S. Peter's making.
What especial Argument did he use to vindicate them?
He declared that hereby was fulfilled a Prophesie of Joel; and thereupon proved Christ to be the True Messias.
Did this Sermon work effectually upon the People?
Yes; for they were pricked at the heart, and three thousand Souls were converted.
In what manner did those Converts live?
In great Ʋnity among themselves; in great Devotion towards God, and such Charity to one another, that they had all things common; insomuch that they who had Possessions, sold them for the relief of their Brethren in necessity.
What was the first particular Miracle wrought after Christ's Ascension?
The Cure of a Lame man at the Beautiful Gate of the Temple, by the Word of S. Peter.
What followed upon this Miracle?
The People being amazed, S. Peter made another Sermon to convince them of their Duty in repenting for their Murder of Christ, and to receive him by a true Faith.
What else followed?
The Chief of the Jews hearing this, put Peter (and John his Companion) into Prison.
What Number of Converts was already gained?
About Five Thousand.
What Course did the Chief Priests and Rulers take with the Two Apostles?
They enquired by what Name and Power that Miracle was wrought.
What Answer was given to this Question?
S. Peter (who made the Answer) told them the Miracle was wrought in the Name of Christ; asserting him to be the true and only Saviour.
How was this Answer taken?
The Rulers marvelled at the Boldness of the Apostles, and putting them aside consulted together what to do with them.
How ended this Consultation?
They let the Apostles go with threatnings, that they should not spread the Name of Christ.
Of what Age was the man that was healed?
About Forty years old.
What did the Apostles do upon their Dismission?
At their return they reported what had happened; whereupon followed a general Praising of God, and an entire Love among themselves, manifested in the Relief given to those who wanted, by selling their Possessions to supply one anothers Necessities.
How was the Money disposed of for which those Possessions were sold?
It was brought and laid at the feet of the Apostles.
Was this Order justly observed by All?
No. Chap. 5 For Ananias and Saphira his wife kept back part of the Money for which their Land was sold.
How went it with them for doing so?
S. Peter taxed them with Hypocrisie; and they were both punished for it by sudden Death.
Did the Apostles work any more Miracles?
Several: In Curing Sick People who were laid upon Beds and Couches in the Streets as they passed by; being brought to Jerusalem from many places in the Countrey.
Were not the Jews angry at these Miracles?
The Sadduces (especially) among them were; and put the Apostles into the common Prison.
How were they delivored out of Prison?
By an Angel of God opening the Prison-Doors, and commanding them to preach in the Temple, which Command they obeyed.
What course was taken when they were gone out of Prison?
The Council met, and they were sent for; but not being found, the Officers informed how close the Prison-doors were shut, and how carefully the Keepers were attending; upon which the Council hearing of their being in the Temple, brought them back to the place where they were, by Officers, but without violence, for fear the People should stone them.
What Answer did the Apostles make for themselves, having received a charge not to Preach any more?
S. Peter (in the Name of the rest) urged God's Command in their Vindication.
What Punishment was then allotted them?
Nothing less than Death.
How was that Punishment prevented?
By the wise Counsel of Gamaliel; and then they were only beaten.
How did the Apostles take this Punishment?
With a great deal of Joy and Constancy in their work of Preaching, both in the Temple, and in private Houses.
What further settlement was then made of the Church?
Chap. 6 The Multitude of the Disciples increasing, Seven Deacons were chosen to take care of the Poor, whilst the Disciples attended upon Prayer, and Teaching the People.
What were the Names of those Seven?
Stephen, Philip, Prochorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenor and Nicolas.
What Character is given of Stephen?
That he was a man full of the Holy Ghost, and that he wrought great Miracles.
What Adversaries were raised up against him?
The Synagogue of the Libertines, and others, disputing with him; though they could not withstand the Power by which he spake.
How did they then contrive against him?
They set up False Witnesses to accuse him of Blasphemy against the Law, and the Temple, upon which score he was brought before the Council.
How did he there defend himself?
His Defence was by a long Speech; Chap. 7 shewing God's goodness to the Jews, from Abraham's time to Solomon's, in an Historical Relation of what happened: impleading them on this very score for not believing in Christ.
Did they take this well from him?
No. They were cut to the heart, and they gnashed upon him with their Teeth.
What Punishment did they inflict upon him?
They stoned him to death, whilst he prayed for them; (as well as himself) and they laid down their cloaths at the feet of Saul.
In what case was the Church after his Death?
A great Persecution began; Chap. 8 and the Disciples (except the Apostles) were all dispersed abroad in several places.
Who was mainly instrumental in this Persecution?
Saul; who made havock of the Church; imprisoning divers both Men and Women.
What Place did first receive the Gospel?
The City of Samaria, by the Preaching of Philip; together with the Miracles which he wrought in casting out unclean Spirits, and healing the Diseased.
Ʋpon whom especially did he shew this miraculous Power?
Upon Simon the Sorcerer (commonly called Simon Magus) mightily esteemed by the people, bewitched with his Sorcery; for he Believed and was Baptized.
How did the Church at Jerusalem entertain the News of Samaria's Conversion?
They sent the Apostles Peter and John to lay hands upon them, that they might receive the Holy Ghost.
What advantage would Simon have made of this Power?
He seeing such a Miracle wrought, would have bought the same Power with Money of the Apostles; upon which, S. Peter cursed his Design, and declared his wickedness.
What became of Philip after this Conversion of the Samaritans?
He was by the appointment of an Angel directed towards Gaza, where he Instructed and Baptized an Ethiopian Eunuch, employed in his Chariot with reading the Prophesie of Isaiah; and then (being caught away by the Spirit) passed from Azotus, preaching in the several Cities till he came to Cesarea.
What happened to Saul the great Persecuter of the Church? Chap. 9
As he went to Damascus with Letters for persecuting the Believers, he was struck down to the earth, and had a Discovery of Christ, who declared the Persecution to be made against himself.
How was it then with him and his Company?
The rest were struck speechless, he blind for three days; and commanded into the City, where Ananias was sent to him, who restored his Sight to him.
Ʋpon what account did Ananias go to him?
God appearing to Ananias, sent him to Saul, (notwithstanding his Excuses) upon whose coming, the Scales sell from Saul's eyes, and being declared God's Chosen Vessel to the Gentiles, he received Meat, and was strengthened.
How did Paul imploy himself upon his Conversion?
In Preaching Christ boldly, to the admiration of all who had formerly known him.
Were the Jews pleased with this alteration in Saul?
No; for they consulted to kill him; but the Design was prevented by the Disciples letting him down in a Basket from the Wall of Damascus.
Whither did Saul go from thence?
To Jerusalem; where the Brethren knowing what he had been, were unwilling to entertain him, till Barnabas made way for it, by declaring his Conversion; upon which Relation, he was received, and sent to Tarsus.
What Miracles were about that time wrought by S. Peter?
One upon Aeneas at Lydda, who had [Page 81]kept his Bed Eight Years with a Palsie, and immediately cured; another at Joppa upon Tabitha (otherwise called Dorcas) whom he raised from the Dead.
What Message (for further Service) did he receive at Joppa?
A Message from Cornelius, Chap. 10 a devout Centurion, sent unto him by the direction of an Angel, and dispatched by Two of Cornelius his Servants.
How was this Message first signified to Peter?
Cornelius being a Gentile, it was signified by a Vision (in Peter's Trance) of a Vessel wherein were several Creatures, unclean as well as clean, with a Command to eat of them; and this was shewed three times.
What was this Vision to signifie?
The Conversion of the Gentiles, at that time thought the unclean of the World.
How came Peter thus to understand the Vision?
While he thought upon it, the men from Cornelius enquired for him, with whom he went to Cesarea, through a Divine Inspiration.
What entertainment had he there?
Cornelius meeting, would have worshipped him, which he denied; declaring the Vision (upon the account whereof he came.) And at his Preaching Christ, the whole Company had the Holy Ghost fell upon them, and were Baptized, [Page 82]with whom he stayed certain dayes.
How was this Action taken by the Jewish Converts?
They were angry at his going to a Gentile, Chap. 11 till he declared the Vision, with the occasion of it, and then they glorified God for his Mercy to the Gentiles.
What became of the Disciples scattered abroad upon the Persecution raised at Stephen's Death?
They travelled through several Countries, setling at last at Antioch, where many were converted.
What care was taken of these new Converts?
The Church at Jerusalem sent Barnabas to strengthen them in the Faith, who afterwards went to seek Saul at Tarsus, and brought him thither.
Had the Disciples any particular Name given them in that place?
They were in that place first called Christians.
What particular Prophesie do we then meet with?
A Prophesie from Agabus, concerning the Dearth which happened in the Dayes of Claudius Caesar, whereupon the Disciples sent Relief into Judea, by Barnabas and Saul.
How did King Herod behave himself all this while?
He being an enemy to the Church, Chap. 12 killed James the Brother of John, and put [Page 83] Peter in Prison, designing his Death also.
By what means was Peter delivered?
By an Angel, carrying him past several Watches through the Iron Gate into the Street, where he was left; and went to the House of John called Mark.
What Punishment afterwards befel Herod?
Making an eloquent Oration one day, for which he was highly applauded, the Angel of God smote him, and he was eaten up of Worms, because he gave not God the Glory.
Cornelius being converted, was no care taken of the other Gentiles?
Yes. Chap. 13 Barnabas and Saul (afterwards called Paul) were by God's command, separated for the employment of converting them, with Fasting, Prayer, and Imposition of Hands.
What was the first opposition these Two Apostles met with?
It was from a Jewish Sorcerer at Paphos; Elymas by Name.
What Punishment befel him?
He was according to Paul's word, struck blind for a certain time.
What influence had this Miracle upon others?
It particularly made the Deputy of that Countrey to Believe.
What else happened remarkable?
They Preaching Christ at Antioch, some Jews and Gentiles also Believed, and [Page 84]desired the same Discourse might be delivered to them the next abbath; which the other Jews opposing, the Apostles left them, going among the Gentiles to Iconium.
What befel them there?
The unbelieving Jews stirred up the people against them, Chap. 14 so that they were forced to flee to Lystra.
What happened there?
Paul healed a born-Cripple; whereupon the People would have Sacrificed to him and Barnabas, which they refused; but afterwards by the instigation of the Jews who came thither, Paul was stoned; yet after his miraculous recovery, they both returned to Antioch.
What other Troubles did they meet with at this time?
Some Teachers would have imposed upon the Disciples a necessity of Circumcision, Chap. 15 in order to Salvation.
What was resolved upon when this Question was started?
That Paul and Barnabas with others, should be sent to the Apostles and Elders at Jerusalem, to have their Opinion about it.
What did those Elders declare upon the hearing it?
Being assembled together in Council, they declared that Circumcision was not necessary; and only commanded an abstinence from certain things, sending Letters to the same purpose throughout the Churches.
What were those things to be abstained from?
Four: Meats offered to Idols, Blood, Things strangled, and Fornication.
Did Paul and Barnabas continue together after this?
They did for some time, but at length a Quarrel happening, they parted.
Whither did Paul go then?
He was called into Macedonia by a Vision, Chap. 16 and went to Philippi, where he converted Lydia, and cast a Spirit of Divination out of a Damosel; upon which, he and Silas (his Companion) were put into Prison.
What Miracle was wrought during their Imprisonment?
They singing Praises to God at Midnight, there happened a great Earthquake, which threw open the Prison-doors; whereupon the Jaylor was affrighted, and ready to kill himself, fearing he had lost his Prisoners.
How was he hindred from that purpose?
By Paul's calling to him, and preaching Faith in Christ; whereupon he believed; and himself with his whole Houshold was Baptized.
How long were these Persons kept in Prison?
The Magistrates of the Town entreated them the next day to depart.
To what place went Paul next that is of Note?
After some Journeys he came to Thessalonica, Chap. 17 [Page 86]where he Preached, and some persons Believed.
How was he entertained there?
The unbelieving Jews occasioning a Tumult, assaulted Jason's House, and alledging they were enemies to Caesar, persecuted Paul till he went to Berea.
How did the Bereans carry themselves?
Hearing Paul preach in the Jewish Synagogue, they searched the Scriptures, to try the Agreement between them and his Doctrine.
Whither did Paul journey from Berea?
To Athens; where he encountred with the Epicureans and Stoicks.
What observable thing did he there meet with?
The Inscription upon an Altar, To the Ʋnknown God; upon which occasion, he Preached Christ, and the Resurrection from the Dead.
How was this Doctrine entertained?
With Scoffes by some; and with Faith by others.
Whither did Paul go from Athens?
To Corinth; Chap. 18 where he met with Aquila, a Jew (banished by Claudius the Emperor from Rome) and his Wife Priscilla, lately come from Italy.
What Encouragement had Paul at Corinth?
God told him in a Vision that he should not be disheartned, because there were many people belonging to God in that City.
What Troubles began then to fall upon him?
He was accused before Gallio the Deputy of Achaia, but dismissed; whereupon the Jews being enraged, fell to beating Sosthenes the Ruler of the Synagogue.
Whither journeyed he from Corinth?
To Cenchrea for the paying his Vow, and thence to Ephesus.
What Company did Paul meet with at Ephesus?
One Apollos a Jew, eloquent, and well read in the Scriptures; who disputed with the Jews, and being further instructed by Aquila and Priscilla, strongly asserted that Jesus was the Christ.
What other Company did he meet with? Chap. 19
Some Disciples (about Twelve in Number) who not knowing any thing of the Holy Ghost's being given, were Baptized in the Name of Jesus, and by the Imposition of Paul's hands, had the Holy Ghost given unto them.
How did the Jews there entertain his Doctrine?
With ill words; insomuch that he took his Disciples into the School of Tyrannus, where he continued for Two years, working several Miracles upon Sick Persons.
What particular opposition did he there meet with?
Certain Exorcists, pretending in his Name to call upon Evil Spirits, were assaulted [Page 88]by those Spirits, and fled for their security; whereupon followed a Confession from them, and the burning their Conjuring Books to a great value.
Whom had he else to deal with there?
With Demetrius a Silver-Smith, and several others, who made an Ʋproar in the City, finding their gains were gone; their employment being to make Shrines for their Goddess Diana; which Uproar, by the perswasion of their Town-Clerk, was at length appeased.
Where do we meet with Paul's next Miracle?
At Philippi; for there he raised Eutychus to life, who had fallen down dead as Paul was long Preaching.
Where did Paul make any stay after he went from Philippi?
At Mil [...]us; where sending for the Elders of the Church of Ephesus, he gave them a Godly Exhortation, to attend their Duty; Prophesying what Troubles should arise, and declaring his expectation not to see them any more; which occasioned a great deal of Sorrow among them.
Whither did Paul then go?
To Jerusalem; from which Journey he was much disswaded.
What particular discouragement had he from undertaking that Journey?
Coming to Cesarea, into the House of Philip the Evangelist, Agabus a Prophet met him there, who binding himself with Paul's [Page 89]Girdle, prophesied how the Jews should bind him, whose it was, at Jerusalem.
What did the Disciples say to this Prophesie?
They did with Tears renew their Request to Paul, that he would not go thither.
Was he wrought upon hereby?
No. He flatly denied them, professing his willingness not only to be Bound, but to Die also at Jerusalem for the Name of Jesus; upon which, they rested content.
Who bore him company to Jerusalem?
Mnason, an old Disciple, with whom he was to lodge.
To whom did he apply himself at his coming thither?
To the Disciples, whom he informed of the Gentiles Conversion by his means.
What Advice did they give him?
That to shew his Obedience to the Law, whereof the Believing Jews there were very zealous, he should purifie himself in the Temple, with other men who were under a Vow.
What befel him upon the following this advice?
When he came to do it, the Jews assaulted him, and attempted to slay him, after he was sorely beaten.
How was he rescued?
By the Chief Captain (with his Souldiers) who bound him with Chains, and carried him into the Castle; where (upon the Stairs) he had liberty to speak in his own defence.
What Defence did he make?
He spake to the Jews in their own Language, declaring his Conversion; which they patiently heard till he told of his being sent to the Gentiles; and upon that word, they made an uproar against him, as one not fit to live.
What then became of him?
He was remanded to the Castle, and Charge given to examine him by Scourging.
How was this Punishment avoided?
By his declaring himself to be a Freeborn Roman; upon which account he was eased of his Bonds, that he might have a new Hearing?
Before whom was that Hearing?
Before Ananias the High Priest, to whom he professed his Innocency in all things.
How did Ananias receive that Profession?
He commanded Paul to be smitten on the Mouth.
What Party did Paul make in the Multitude then gathered together?
Perceiving some to be Pharisees, and some Sadduces, he declared the Cause in question to be a maintaining the Doctrine of the Resurrection; upon which the Pharisees adhered to him.
Why did they only adhere to him?
Because the Sadduces believed not any Resurrection, nor Angel nor Spirit.
How was this Commotion between the Two Parties appeased?
The Chief Captain fearing lest any Injury should befal him, sent Souldiers to bring him by force into the Castle.
What encouragement had he at that time?
God's Angel comforted him, and told him he must bear the same witness of the Doctrine of Christ at Rome, as he had done at Jerusalem.
Were the Jews quieted herewith?
No; for more than Forty of them made a Conspiracy against Paul's Life, pretending to desire a further hearing of his Cause, and laying wait to kill him in the way as he should come to his trial.
How was this Plot prevented?
Paul's Sisters Son, hearing, discovered it to Paul, by whom he was sent to the Captain to inform him; and for Paul's security, the Captain sent him by night to Caesarea.
What course did the Jews then take against him?
The High Priest and Elders came down to accuse him before Felix the Governor, which they did by the Tongue of Tertullus an eminent Orator.
Had not Paul liberty to defend himself?
Yes; and did so, by giving an Account of his Life and Doctrine.
Did he Preach any more before Felix?
He did; for Felix's Wife Drusilla (being a Jewess) desired to hear him; and [Page 92]before them both he discoursed of Righteousness, Temperance, and the Judgment to come.
How did this Discourse work upon Felix?
It made him tremble; but he dismissed Paul till a more convenient season.
Why would not Felix release him?
Because he expected a Bribe; which failing, he delivered over Paul as a Prisoner to Festus, who succeeded him in the Government.
Did the Jews still persecute Paul?
Yes; they incensed Festus against him.
What Reply did Festus make when they charged him?
He commanded Paul's Accusers to charge him at Caesarea, where he was brought before the Judgment-Seat, and made his Appeal to Caesar.
Before whom did he next defend himself?
Before Agrippa and Bernice his Wife who came down to visit Festus; to whom h [...] declared Paul's Case; and Agrippa desire [...] to hear him.
What was the Substance of Paul's Discourse?
A Relation of his Life from his Childhood; the Miraculousness of his Conversion and his acting according to the Command he then received from God.
What Influence had this Discourse upo [...] the Hearers of it?
A different Influence; for Festus charged him with Madness, and Agrippa was almost perswaded to be a Christian; declaring withal that Paul might have been freed if he had not appealed unto Caesar.
What then became of Paul?
He was shipped for a Voyage to Rome; Chap. 27 in which Voyage a severe Storm fell upon the whole Company (his foretelling it not being believed) insomuch that they were all in danger of being cast away.
How were they comforted in this extremity?
Paul related to them the Appearance of an Angel, who assured him of all their Lives, only that their Ship should be lost; upon which, after Fourteen days Fasting, they were perswaded to eat.
How many were there in the Ship?
Two Hundred Seventy and Six persons.
Where did they Land when the Ship was broken?
In an Island called Melita. Chap. 28
What Entertainment did they there meet with?
They found a great deal of Respect; for the Barbarous People treated them with Fire because of the Cold.
What Accident happened there unto Paul?
As he was gathering Sticks, a Viper fastned upon his Hand.
What did the People think when they saw it?
They supposed him to be a Murderer, whom (though he had escaped the Sea, yet) Divine vengeance would not suffer to live.
Did the Viper do him any harm?
No; he shook it off into the Fire, and felt not any hurt.
What did the People then think of him?
They changed their minds, and said that he was a God.
What especial Miracle did Paul work there?
He healed the Father of Publius (a Great man in that Island) of a Fever and a Bloudy Flux; and after him, others also who came unto him.
What did he do when he came to Rome?
He called together the Chief of the Jews, to whom he declared the Cause of his coming thither, and at their appointment Preached Christ one day unto them.
How was his Preaching received?
Some believed, and others did not; whereupon he dismissed the Assembly.
How long did Paul dwell there, and how was he employed?
He dwelt there two whole years, Preaching the Kingdom of God, and declaring the Doctrine of Christ.
The EPISTLES.
HOw many are there of the Canonical Epistles?
One and Twenty.
By whom were they written?
St. Paul wrote Fourteen, St. James One, S. Peter Two, St. John Three, St. Jude One.
What were those of St. Paul's Writing?
One to the Romans, Two to the Corinthians, One to the Galatians, One to the Ephesians, One to the Philippians, One to the Colossians, Two to the Thessalonians, Two to Timothy, One to Titus, One to Philemon, and one to the Hebrews.
Were these Epistles written in the same Order as they are placed in our Books?
No; it is generally believed they were not.
In what Order then were they written?
In the Order following, viz. The Two Epistles to the Thessalonians, the First to Timothy, the Two Epistles to the Corinthians, the Epistle to Titus, the Epistle to the Romans, the Epistle to the Hebrews, to the Galatians, to the Ephesians, to the Philippians, to the Colossians, to Philemon, and [Page 96]last of all his Second Epistle to Timothy a little before his Martyrdom.
With which do we begin?
With the Epistle to the Romans.
ROMANS.
VVHat doth this Epistle contain?
This (as most of the rest) begins with a Civil Salutation, and then proceeds in Points both Doctrinal and Practical.
What are the Principal Points of Doctrine contained in it?
The Doctrine of Justification by Faith, without the Deeds of the Law, Chap. 3, 4. The Doctrine of Original Sin, Ch. 5. And (as some think) The Doctrine of Gods Election, Ch. 7. Together with the Rejecting the Jews, and Calling the Gentiles, to Chap. 12.
What are the Points of Practice?
Duties of Piety towards God, and Justice towards men. Chap. 12. Of Obedienc to Authority, Chap. 13. Of Charity, by a mutual forbearance between Brethren in things of Indifferency, Ch. 14.
How doth the Epistle conclude?
With some good Exhortations, and a Commendation to several Persons eminent for their Christian Profession.
I CORINTHIANS.
HOw doth this First Epistle to the Corinthians begin?
After the usual Salutation, Chap. 1,2,3 it begins with a Reproof of the Dissentions which were among them in point of Religion; shewing that S. Paul's Preaching, though not in excellency of Speech, Chap. 4 was in the Demonstration of the Spirit and Power; shewing them also in what Account the Ministers of God should be among them, notwithstanding the scorn which the Apostles then met with.
What particular sins doth the Apostle reprove among them?
The Incest committed by one, Chap. 5 who married his Fathers Wife; for which they did not sufficiently mourn; and therefore he took order for the man's punishment by Excommunication, in order to his Amendment, teaching them thereby how to deal with great Offenders.
What else doth the Apostle reprove?
A Fault common among them, Chap. 6 upon every Trifle going to Law before Heathen Judges; and the Sin of Fornication, so much against a Man's own Body.
How doth he then proceed?
To discourse about points of Marriage, Chap. 7 [Page 98]in answer to some Questions which the Corinthians had sent to him.
What Answer doth he give to those Questions?
That persons should marry to avoid Fornication; and when they are so married, that there should be a mutual performance of all Duties between Husband and Wife; giving likewise particular Directions to the unmarried, to have them so continue, if capable of doing it; and to the Married, that they should endeavour the Conversion of one another for their Good on both parts.
Ʋpon what Point doth he next insist?
Concerning Meats offered to Idols; Chap. 8 that Christian Liberty be not abused, but care taken for preventing any Offence to our Brethren.
Hath he no Discourse in this Epistle concerning the Ministers of the Gospel?
Yes; Chap. 9 He sheweth his own Liberty, and the Justice that every Minister hath to require a Livelihood upon his Employment; and that though himself was not chargeable to the Corinthians, yet he might have been so; only he was willing to become all things to all men, that by all means he might gain some.
What Doctrines doth he teach from what related to the Jews of old?
He shews how Typical their Sacraments were of Ours; Chap. 10 and that the Punishments which they suffered for [Page 99]their Disobedience, were recorded, that we might take example by them, and not fall into the same sias; urging again the duty of Caring for our Brethrens Consciences in points of Indifferency.
What doth he take notice of relating to Faults among them?
Their Ʋndecent Carriage in Holy Assemblies, the wearing long Hair, Chap. 11 and the Abuse of the Lord's Supper.
How doth he endeavour to rectifie this last fault?
By setting before them the First Institution of that Holy Sacrament, the Dangers of unworthy coming to it, and the means of Preparing for it by Self-Examination.
Hath he no Discourse concerning the Spiritual Gifts of the Holy Ghost? Chap. 12
He shews the Diversity of them, but that they still proceed from the same Spirit; and propounds their Serviceableness to the Church, by an Allusion to the several Members of the Natural (as that is a Spiritual) Body.
What doth he urge thence?
The necessity of Charity, Chap. 13 which he describes, and shews its particular Properties; exalting it above all other Attainments and Gifts whatsoever.
What other Doctrinal Point doth he write of?
The great Doctrine of the Resurrection; Chap. 15 [Page 100]proving it from the Resurrection of Christ; and shewing in what manner it should come to pass; whence he concludes the Reasonableness of being industrious in our Christian Service.
How doth he end the Epistle? Chap. 16
With directing a Charitable Collection for the Christians in necessity; to be done by laying apart a proportion the First day of each Week, according to every man's ability; and then gives his particular Salutations to several Friends.
II CORINTHIANS.
IN what manner doth S. Paul begin this Epistle?
With an encouragement against Afflictions, Chap. 1 by the Comforts usually administred to Christians under their Sufferings, propounding his own Experience, and avowing his sincerity in Preaching among them.
What other Subjects doth he treat of?
The forgiving the Incestuous person, Chap. 2 mentioned in the former Epistle; Chap. 3 the excellency of the Gospel above the Law, as being much more clear and plain; Chap. 4 the eternal advantage which comes by Preaching the Gospel; Chap. 5 the Hope of everlasting Glory after Judgment, which should be a Spur to the Service of God; the Dignity of Preachers in being God's Ambassadors, Chap. 6 and Helpers with him in the Salvation of Souls.
What particular Directions doth he give in point of Duty?
He disswades from Marriage with Infidels (which he calls being unequally yoked) perswades to Purity and Holiness, Chap. 7 upon a consideration of God's Promises; Chap. 8 excites to Charity by the example of the Macedonians, and the Advantage which would follow it; Chap. 10 arming them against being deluded by the Pride of false Teachers.
What way doth he take to prove himself above those false Teachers?
By the Sufferings which he endured for the Gospel's sake (whereof he gives a particular account) and the Revelations he had. Chap. 11
What happened upon those Revelations to keep him humble?
A very great Temptation (called a Thorn in the Flesh, Chap. 12 and a messenger of Satan to buffet him) which upon his Prayer, he was assisted against.
How doth this Epistle conclude?
With threatning to be severe against incorrigible offenders; Chap. 13 he encourageth them to try the Truth of their Faith, prays for the increase of their Strength and Love, and so pronounceth a Blessing upon them.
GALATIANS.
VVHat is the Substance of this Epistle?
The Apostle reproves the Galatians for being drawn from the True Doctrine of the Gospel, Chap. 1 declares the Miraculousness of his Conversion; as a proof whereof, he mentions his former enmity to the Gospel, and afterwards his opposing S. Chap. 2 Peter for not walking according to the Rules thereof, that he might the more oblige the Jews.
But what account gives he of his Apostleship to the World?
This: That He and Barnabas were designed to Preach unto the Gentiles, as Peter, James and John were to the Jews.
What Doctrine doth he particularly insist upon in the Epistle?
The Doctrine of Justification by Faith without the Deeds of the Law; Chap. 3 proving it by the Promises made to Abraham; and shewing that the Law was but a Schoolmaster to bring us unto Christ.
How else doth he prove it?
By Two Allusions.
What is the First?
A comparing the Estate of Man under the Law, Chap. 4 to the Estate of an Heir in his Minority, whilst under Tutors and Governors; which was at an end when God sent his Son into the World.
What is the Second?
A Comparing the Law which contained the Covenant of Works, to Hagar the Bond-woman, of whom came Ishmael; and the Gospel, which contains the Covenant of Grace, to Sarah the Free-woman, of whom came Isaac the Son of the Promise; likening us and all Believers unto him.
What Duties doth he urge?
A maintaining that Liberty which Christ hath bestowed upon us, Chap. 5 and a walking in the Spirit.
How must that walking in the Spirit be known?
By not fulfilling the Lusts of the Flesh; for the better Discovery whereof, he sets down particularly what are the Lusts of the Flesh, and what the Fruits of the Spirit.
What other Duties are mentioned?
Tenderness towards an offending Brother; Chap. 6 Liberality to the Preachers of the Word; Unweariedness in doing good, particularly in the exercise of Charity; and then he declareth how much he Gloried in suffering for Christ.
EPHESIANS.
VVHat is the Beginning of this Epistle to the EPHESIANS? Chap. 1
The Apostle praiseth God for their Election and Adoption, exhorting them to endeavour after a sound knowledge of the Christian Faith.
What way doth he propound to bring them to this Knowledge?
He shews them their condition by Nature (as Children of wrath; and by Grace, Chap. 2 as quickned from the Death of sin in Christ;) teaching that this Blessing was bestowed to make them full of good Works; to which they were the more encouraged by being made Fellow-Citizens (with the rest of the Saints) of the Heavenly Jerusalem.
What else doth he declare unto them? Chap. 3
The great and mysterious Calling of the Gentiles, whereunto he effectually ministred, notwithstanding his Troubles; and thereupon extols the great Love of Christ towards Mankind.
What doth the Remainder of the Epistle contain?
Duties of Two sorts; Personal and Relative.
What are the Personal Duties.
Peace and Love urged upn the account of Christ's Love, Chap. 4 in giving Himself, and afterwards a constant Ministry for the edification of his Church; a putting off the Old man, and putting on the New; an abstaining from Lying, and Corrupt Communication, Chap. 5 with all Anger and Maliciousness; Fornication, Ʋncleanness, and Covetousness; the walking circumspectly, and avoiding Drunkenness; with Thankfulness to God, manifested by singing Psalms.
What are the Relative Duties?
The submission of Wives to their Husbands, and the Love of Husbands to their Wives (by the example of that mutual carriage between Christ and his Church) the Obedience of Children to their Parents, Chap. 6 and the Kindness of Parents to their Children; the Faithfulness of Servants to their Masters, and the Gentleness of Masters to their Servants.
What is the Conclusion of all?
That every man in whatsoever capacity, should put upon him the whole Armour of God for his Spiritual Defence, to enable him to withstand all his enemies, and to stand in the evil day.
PHILIPPIANS.
IN what manner begins this Epistle?
With a Profession of S. Chap. 1 Paul's Love to the Philippians, manifested by his constant Prayers for them; and a desire that they should not be too much concerned at his Sufferings, whereby the Gospel of Christ was advantaged; complaining of some among them, who Preached Christ out of Strife and Contention.
What doth he declare concerning himself?
A readiness to Glorifie God either by Life or Death, which should be most sutable to his infinite Wisdom.
What particular Charge doth he lay upon them respecting his own Condition?
That whatsoever happened unto him, they should live according to the Rules of the Gospel, without being terrified by their Adversaries, because it was their especial Priviledge not only to Believe in Christ, but likewise to suffer for him.
What Exhortations doth he give them for the leading of their Lives?
He exhorts them to Humility, Chap. 2 after the Example of Christ, who took our Nature upon him. 2. To an industrious working out their Salvation, from God's readiness to assist them. And, 3. To a Blameless walking, considering themselves to be the Children of God.
What other things are mentioned?
A particular Caution against false Teachers, Chap. 3 [Page 108]who would draw them to the observation of the Law; shewing his own Priviledges above others in that respect, which yet signified nothing to him in comparison of the Righteousness of Christ, which he endeavoured after; and a proposal of his own Example for them to walk by.
How did he urge this Proposal?
By two Arguments; One drawn from the evil Lives of those who were Enemies to the Cross of Christ: Another, from the Heavenliness of his own Conversation, assuredly knowing that Christ from Heaven will appear to make even our very Bodies like unto his Glorious Body.
What Duties are drawn from this Consideration?
Five. Chap. 4 1. A Stedfastness in the following him. 2. A Constant Rejoycing in God. 3. A Christian Moderation. 4. An avoiding too much Carefulness for the things of this World, employing our selves to God by Prayer. 5. (To close up all) a Following those things which are True, Honest, Just, Pure, Lovely, and of Good Report.
What particular occasion of Thankfulness doth he take towards them?
Upon the account of the Present they sent to him in his Necessities.
Was this done for his own sake, or for theirs.
Not for his own want (because he had learned in all conditions to be content) [Page 109]but because it testified their Fruitfulness under the Gospel.
What Promise doth he make them hereupon?
That God would supply all their Wants; to whom he gives Glory, and so concludes the Epistle.
COLOSSIANS.
WHat is the Substance of the Epistle to the COLOSSIANS.
It begins with a Prayer for their Establishment in Grace; a Description of the True Christ, as the Head of the Church; and an Encouragement thereupon to receive, 2 embrace, and continue stedfast in him.
What is the best way propounded to do these things?
By being careful to avoid the Heathen Philosophy, and the Legal Ordinances of Meats, Drinks, Days, and other Superstitious Rites.
What Duties doth the Apostle urge upon them?
The Duties of Heavenly-mindedness, Mortification, avoiding such Sins, as Anger, Wrath and Malice; using themselves to the exercise of Meekness, Forbearance, and Charity; to a Familiar conversing with the Word of Christ: Whence he proceeds to the Relative Duties between Husbands and Wives, Chap. 4 Parents and Children, Masters and Servants; giving some Directions for Continuance in Prayer, and walking wisety toward the unconverted.
I THESSALONIANS.
WHat are the Contents of this First Epistle?
An Acknowledgment of the Thessalonians Faith, and other Graces, with an Exhortation to walk worthy of that Grace which was given them, and an Expression of that Love which the Apostle did bear to them.
What Instructions doth he give them?
An endeavour to abound in Love; Chap. 3 to do what he commands them, Chap. 4 to abstain from Fornication, that they should not despise the Gifts of God's Spirit in his Teachers; and instructs them to Quietness, and minding their own Business, without intermedling with others Concerns.
What else?
The not sorrowing immoderately for the Dead in Christ, because they were sure of a Resurrection and Eternal Life with God.
What doth he take occasion to discourse of from this Subject?
The Ʋncertainty of the Day of Judgment, giving a Caution of Constant Watchfulness, for fear they should be taken upon a Surprizal.
What other Duties follow?
To love their Teachers (as deserving it upon the account of their Work) warning the unruly, comforting the feeble, supporting the weak, carrying patiently towards all, rendring Good for Evil, constant rejoycing, continual Prayer, Thankfulness in all things; not quenching the Spirit, nor despising Prophesies; and a retaining (among all things) that which is good; to which he adds the avoiding of all evil.
How doth this Epistle end?
With a Prayer for their Through-Sanctification, a Declaration of God's Faithfulness, and a Desire of their Prayers for him.
II THESSALONIANS.
VVHat is the Beginning of this Epistle?
It begins much like the First, with giving Thanks for their Graces, and comforting them under their Troubles, by a consideration of the sure Reward which they should have hereafter, and the certain Punishment of their Adversaries at the Coming of Christ in his Power and Glory.
Doth the Apostle give them no particular Caution?
Yes. Chap. 2 For helping their stedfastness in the True Religion, he cautions that they should not be be drawn aside by the Instruments of the Man of Sin; whom he there describes by his Pride and Irreligion.
Is there no Judgment to fall upon those who should be drawn aside?
Such an one, that their not receiving the Truth, should expose them to the Embracing Lies for their future Condemnanation.
What Particular Directions doth he give them?
The holding fast those Traditions which he he delivered to them; the praying to be delivered from wicked men; the avoiding those who walked disorderly, upon the account of such as were Busie Bodies among them; Chap. 3 and a Perseverance in welldoing.
What else doth this Epistle contain?
A Prayer of Peace for them from the God of Peace.
I TIMOTHY.
WHo was Timothy to whom this Epistle was directed?
It was the Timothy whom S. Paul took to be his own Son, of whom we read, that his Mother was a Jewess, Chap. 1 but his Father a Greek.
Whereof doth this Epistle consist?
Of certain Directions given to him for the managing his Office of a Preacher.
What is the first thing wherein he was instructed?
The right use and end of the Law, which is good, if a man use it lawfully.
What occasion doth the Apostle then take to speak of himself?
To recount his own sins; as a Blasphemer, Persecutor, and Injurious; whereby he extols the Great Mercy of God in his Conversion; and upon that, breaks out into a Thanksgiving to God for his Goodness.
What particular Charges doth he give unto Timothy? Chap. 2
These following. 1. The holding Faith and a good Conscience, from the evil example of Hymeneus and Alexander, who had reliquished them. 2. Prayer for all in [Page 115] Authority; as a thing acceptable unto God, who desires the Salvation of Mankind. 3. The Modesty of Women in their Apparel.
What else was charged upon him?
To know that the Office of a Bishop of Souls (by giving his Character) was to be in every point unblameable, Chap. 3 as also that of a Deacon, that they might be sober and grave, with ability to Teach, both publickly, and by good example at home; and as they, so their Wives, to behave themselves in Gravity and Sobriety.
Doth not the Apostle give Timothy some particular Caution?
He cautions Timothy concerning the sins of the latter Times; Chap. 4 when Lies would be spoken, Marriage and Meats forbidden; of which he shews the great crime, and exhorts him unto the example of true Godliness, diligent Study, and taking heed both to Himself and his Doctrine.
Having shewed his Duty as a Preacher, how is he taught to behave himself as a Ruler in the Church?
By certain Rules: As, 1. Chap. 5 Not to reprove an Elder, but with great meekness. 2. To take care of Widows for their Maintenance, if old; if young (for fear of further Inconveniences) appointing them to Marry; shewing at what Age they should be taken into the Churches Provision. 3. To provide [Page 116]for the support of those Elders who were diligent in their Work for the Churches Good. And 4. The not Laying Hands suddenly on any man, nor being Partaker of the Sins of others.
What further Directions doth he give?
He teacheth Servants to be obedient to their Masters, shews the Danger of immoderately loving the World, exhorts Timothy to fight the good fight of Faith, to the careful keeping his Commands; charging him also to teach Rich men Charity towards the Poor, for their own eternal Good; and so ends with Advice that he should not concern himself with Nice and Foolish Questions.
II TIMOTHY.
VVHat doth this Second Epistle to TIMOTHY contain?
The Apostle begins it with a Commendation of the excellent Faith in Timothy's Mother and Grandmother; exhorting him to stir up the Gift of God which was given him, Chap. 2 to bear up under Persecution, and to continue in the True Doctrine, as a good Souldier of Jesus Christ.
But besides this as a Christian, what is he exhorted to as a Preacher?
To Preach well, and not to give way to erroneous Opinions; such as those of Hymeneus and Philetus concerning the Resurrection (as if already past) to flee youthful Lusts, and exercise the Graces of Meekness and Gentleness.
What Account doth the Apostle give concerning the latter days?
He gives an account of several sins which should then be rife; particularly a Pretence of Religion where there is nothing of it in reality.
How is Timothy encouraged to avoid this and other Inconveniences?
By Three Arguments.
What is the First?
S. Paul's Example in the enduring of Afflictions?
What is the Second?
The increase of those wicked men in their Proceedings; which should work upon him to continue in the good Doctrine he had learned.
What is the Third?
The Divine Inspiration of the Scriptures, designed to render him, and every man of God accomplished for all Good Works.
Are there no other Directions given him as a Preacher?
Yes; Chap. 4 A Charge (as in the presence of God, Christ, and his Holy Angels) to be [Page 118]industrious in Preaching the Gospel.
What Arguments are used to enforce this?
The arising of False Teachers in the Church, to whom several persons having itching Ears, would be enclined; and the drawing near of this Apostle's own Martyrdom, upon which he expected a Crown of Righteousness.
What else doth this Epistle contain?
Some things particularly relating to the Apostles own Concern, but especially an account of his first deliverance from Nero; whereupon he grounded an expectancy of God's delivering him from every evil way and work.
TITUS.
WHat is the Substance of this Epistle?
S. Paul having left Titus to order the affairs of the Church in Crete, Chap. 1 gives him the Character of a good Bishop; and recommends several things to his Care and Practice,
What is the general Direction?
To speak the things which become Sound Doctrine. Chap. 2
What are the Particulars?
To teach the Duties of Sobriety, Temperance and Soundness of Faith in old men; a sober behaviour in Aged Women; Obedience in the Younger Women to their Husbands, and Care of their Families; Discretion in the Younger men; Justice in Servants towards their Masters.
What Argument is used for these Duties?
The Grace of God appearing, which teacheth us to deny all Wickedness, and to live in Holiness, Righteousness and Sobriety.
What else doth the Apostle command?
Obedience to Authority; Chap. 3 the avoiding (in Titus himself) foolish Disputes, and that he should warn the Christians to Carefulness in good Works.
PHILEMON.
WHat is the Substance of this Epistle?
S. Paul's Joy to hear of Philemon's good Life, whom he desires to encourage Onesiphorus in his Conversion, and receive him with all kindness, notwithstanding his former faults, being willing to repay all things wherein Onesiphorus might have done Philemon injury.
HEBREWS.
WHy is this called the Epistle to the HEBREWS?
Because it was written to the Jews, so called from Heber, one of Abraham's Progenitors.
Who was the Author of this Epistle?
Several persons are named, but it is generally believed to be S. Paul.
Is there no Difference between this and the rest of his Epistles?
Yes; not only in the Matter, but in the Form too.
What is the Difference in point of Form?
The omitting that constant Salutation (the Beginning with his Name) which is used in all the others.
May not this be the reason why it is supposed not to be his?
Most probably it may, from a Passage of his own: The Salutation of me Paul with mine own Hand, 2 Thes. 3.17. which is the Token in every Epistle; So I write.
Why was that Salutation omitted in this, rather than in any other Epistle?
Because the Jews having a grand Prejudice against S. Paul, upon the account of his forsaking their Religion, might by seeing his Name in the Front, give less entertainment to the Doctrines delivered by him.
What is the Subject-Matter of the Epistle?
A Declaration of Christ in his Person and Offices; Chap. 1 and thereby proving him to be the true Messias.
Wherewith doth it begin?
With his Person; Chap. 1 Asserting plainly his Divinity and his Humanity; 2 shewing also the necessity of his being Man for the Good of Mankind,
What follows next?
An Account of his Offices, Prophetical, Priestly, and Kingly.
What Account is there of his Prophetical Office?
He is compared with, and preferred before MOSES, the Great Prophet of the Jews; Moses being but a Servant, Christ a Son.
What Duties are hereupon urged?
The great Duty of Faith, which the Israelites wanting, were not suffered to enter into God's Rest, i. e. the Land of Canaan.
What other use doth the Apostle make of this?
Transferring his Argument from the Earthly, to the Eternal Rest in Heaven, he engageth the Hebrews to Carefulness, lest they should fall short of it, by quoting a Passage of David's; and from the particular Text declaring the Powerfulness of God's Word, and the Comfort we have in our Saviour.
What Account is given of his Priestly Office?
In General, That he was not a Priest after the Order of Aaron, but of Melchizedek.
How is this Melchizedek described?
By his being King of Salem, and Priest of the most High God; (where Christ's Kingly Office is suggested) as also by his Relation (in point of Time) without Father without Mother, &c. and that He was the person to whom Abraham gave Tithes.
What is the particular Argument which the Apostle draws from this?
That Perfection could not come by the [Page 123] Levitical Priesthood. 1. Because then there had been no need of another Priest after the Order of Melchizedek; which he confirms by our Saviour's being of another Tribe, viz. of Judah. 2. Because those Priests died, but He (according to the Oath of God) endureth for ever. 3. Because those Priests were Many, he was but One. 4. Because they were Imperfect, he was Perfect.
What Inference is drawn from hence?
A Conviction to the Jews, Chap. 8 That the Levitical Priesthood was abrogated, and the First Covenant come to an end; which is proved by an Instance in several Rites and Ceremonies of the Law, which could signifie nothing of themselves, but as Types, were made good in Christ.
In what things doth the Apostle especially instance?
In the Priest's accomplishing the Service of God by entring into the Holy Place with Blood, Chap. 9 which Christ after his Bloody Sacrifice, had compleated, entring then into Heaven, the Holy Place made without Hands, and in their daily offering Sacrifices for themselves and the People, which he did at once when he made himself a Sacrifice for Sin.
What doth he then take occasion to shew?
The Weakness of the Law, Chap. 10 and all its Services, in respect of those which are ordained under the Gospel, with the necessity of Obedience to Christ, as being above [Page 124] Moses, by the dreadful Punishments inflicted upon those who would not comply with Moses his Institution?.
What is the Result of all he had delivered?
The real need and excellency of Faith, encouraging all men unto it.
How doth he prosecute that Subject?
By a Description of Faith, Chap. 11 as The Substance of things hoped for, the Evidence of things not seen; the great Commendation it procured those who exercised it, and how necessary it was for the pleasing God.
What Persons doth he name eminent for Faith?
Abel, Enoch, Noah, Abraham, Jacob, Joseph, Moses, Rahab, Gideon, Barak, Jephthah, Samson, David, Samuel, and the Prophets?
What did they do by their Faith?
They did wonderful things, and endured great Sufferings.
What doth the rest of the Epistle contain?
Some especial Duties to be performed by all who profess themselves Christians.
What Duties doth he mention?
1. Chap. 12 The following the Pattern of those Worthies in suffering, considering above all, the Example of Christ Jesus; and then that this suffering is designed for the Portion of God's Children. 2. The following Peace and Holiness. 3. The not failing of the Grace of God.
What other Duties?
1. Chap. 13 The Continuance of Brotherly Love. 2. Hospitality. 3. The Sympathizing with our Brethren in Affliction. 4. Contentedness in their Condition. 5. Obedience to their Spiritual Guides and Rulers. 6. Offering up the Sacrifice of Praise. And lastly, Not omitting charitably to dispense towards the Necessities of their Christian Brethren.
How doth this Epistle conclude?
With an Hearty Prayer, that God through Christ, would make them perfect in every good Work to do his Will.
S. JAMES.
WHat are the Principal Parts of this Epistle?
The Apostle beginning with an Exhortation to Patience under Crosses, Chap. 1 and an Application to God for Spiritual Wisdom where it is wanting; proceeds to clear God's Innocency, from them who would make him the Author of Sin, by declaring that the Prevalency of Temptations is from our selves.
What Duties doth he urge?
Carefnlness to Practise the Word of God delivered unto them, by the unprofitableness of meer hearing without doing; comparing it to a man's beholding himself in a Glass, and presently forgetting his own Face.
What is the Second Duty?
A not respecting Rich men more than the Poor, Chap. 2 and proving the Law to command an Obedience to it in its full extent.
What Doctrine doth he then insist upon?
The unprofitableness of a pretended Faith without Works, cleared by the Instances in Abraham and Rahab.
What else doth he instruct us in?
Several things in the Three following Chapters.
What Particulars in the Third Chapter?
The Vanity of arrogant reproving others; Chap. 3 shewing the guilty excesses of the Tongue, and the peaceableness of a true heavenly Wisdom.
What in the Fourth Chapter?
The Danger of loving the World, and of Envy and Pride; the necessity of Submission to God, Repentance and Humiliation; the evil of Backbiting, and promising our selves long Life.
What in the Fifth Chapter?
The Danger of Covetousness, Chap. 5 Grudging against one another; the Good of Patience under Afflictions, by the Example of [Page 127] Job; a charge to forbear all Prophane Swearing; a Direction for Sick Persons to have the PRAYERS OF THE CHƲRCH, and make a Mutual Confession of their Sins; and the great Charity of Reducing a Straying Brother from his Errors.
I. S. PETER.
VVHat are the Contents of this Epistle?
S. Peter (after a Salutation to the Converted Jews, Chap. 1 and acknowledging Gods mercy in providing them an Eternal Inheritance in Heaven;) Propounds the Excellency of the GOSPEL MYSTERIES, and thence takes occasion to press several Duties upon them.
What are these Duties?
Some Personal, some Relative, intermingled with one another.
What are the Personal Duties?
1. Chap. 2 The laying aside all things of Malice, and whatsoever is a Breach of Charity. 2. The Abstaining from Fleshly Lusts, with the leading an Honest Life towards the Gentiles for Gods Glory. 3. The Submission to Authority.
What follow after these?
Relative Duties between Servants and Masters, between Husbands and Wives.
How doth the Epistle return to the former Sort?
By teaching the Duties of Ʋnity, and Patience under Sufferings; from the Example of Christ suffering for Sinners; the avoiding a prophane Conversation, Chap. 4 whatsoever Offence our care to do so gives to the World, and the maintaining Hospitality.
What particular Advice is given as to the Preaching of the word?
That they should diligently feed the flock of God; Chap. 5 Promising them an Incorruptible Crown of Glory for their reward.
What other Dutie is urged as Relative?
The Respective carriage of Youngers towards their Elders.
What more in General?
Humility, Confidence in God for his care of us, and a sober vigilant Resisting the Devil.
How doth the Epistle End?
With an Holy Prayer for their being strengthened in Faith; with some particular Salutations.
II. S. PETER.
WHat is the beginning of this Epistle?
An exhortation to labour after the Increase of Grace.
With what Argument is that exhortation backed?
With an assertion of the Truth of the Christian Doctrine, it being divinely inspired by the Holy Ghost to the Prophets.
Doth not speaking of the true Prophets, give occasion to speak of the false ones?
Yes, Chap. 2 the Apostle describes what they were by bringing in Damnable Heresies, and several other Characters of them; shewing the Danger of the adhering to their pernicious principles.
How doth this Epistle End?
With a Caution to Avoid their Tenets; and in order thereunto to grow in Grace, Chap. 3 and in the Knowledge of Christ Jesus our Saviour.
I. S. JOHN.
WHat are the Contents of S. John's first Epistle?
The Apostles assuring believers of their Fellowship with God the Father and the Son; Chap. 1.2. &c. and the Exhortation he gives to Brotherly Love throughout the whole Epistle, as the Argument of our Conversion, the Assurance of the Holy Spirit of God dwelling in us; in opposition to the false Spirit of Error Reigning throughout the World.
II. S. JOHN.
WHat doth this Epistle Contain?
It being written to an Honourable Lady, the Apostle exhorts her and her Children to continue stedfast in the Faith, for fear of losing the good Work; and the reward for them, to all that are sound believers; and gives a Caution to avoid all seducers.
III. S. JOHN.
WHat are the Contents of this Third Epistle?
It is directed to Gaius an Holy and Hospitable Man; for which Vertues he is Commended; Diotrephes blamed for his Ambition in the Church; and Demetrius Applauded for his kindness.
S. JUDE.
WHat things doth this Epistle Treat of?
It begins with an Exhortation to continue Stedfast in the Faith, argued from the entering in of several who endeavoured to Corrupt it; by whose untoward Doctrine a great many were led aside, whose wickedness the Apostle there Describes, encouraging all the Disciples of Christ not to be moved; and so concludes with a Thanksgiving to God for his Grace to all believers.
REVELATION.
VVHat is the last Book of the New Testament?
The Revelation of S. John the Divine.
Why is it so called?
Because it Reveales what God had shewed by an Angel, unto S. John, concerning things which should come to pass.
To whom was this Book directed?
To the Seven Churches in Asia.
Where, and when was this Revelation made to S. John?
It was made in the Isle of Patmos; Chap. 1 whither he was Banished: and he had it on the Lords Day.
How was it conveyed unto him?
He heard behind him a great Voice as of a Trumpet.
What did that Voice direct him to do?
To write what he should see in a Book, and send it to the seven Churches of Asia; viz. Ephesus, Smirna, Pergamus, Thyatira, Sardis, Philadelphia, and Laodicea.
What was the first Vision?
The Vision of Seven Golden Candlesticks, in the midst whereof walked One like the Son of Man, who had in his Right hand Seven Stars.
What were those Golden Candlesticks and Stars?
The seven Golden Candlesticks Represented the seven Churches: and the seven Stars the Angels of those Churches.
With which of these Churches doth S. John begin?
With the Church of Ephesus. Chap. 2
Of what Nature is the Message sent to that Church?
It contains a Commendation for the sufferings she had endured; a Reproof for the Abatement of her Zeal, and an Exhortation to Repentance; with a Promise of Reward to him that should overcome.
What is the Message to the Church of Smyrna?
That to Smyrna and most of the rest are of the same Nature with the former; convincing the People of what was blameworthy; Commending them for what was good, Exhorting them to Piety and Vertue.
In which Epistles is there a Difference from the rest?
In those two, to Philadelphia, Chap. 3 and to Laodicea.
What doth that to Philadelphia contain?
Only a Commendation of her Goodness, with promises thereupon.
What doth that to Laodicea contain?
A Reproof of her Luke-warmness; with a Threatening upon it, and good Counsel to turn unto God by Zeal and Repentance.
What else doth this Book inform us of?
Certain Predictions concerning the State of the Church in this World, Chap. 4.5. and in the World to come.
What are these concerning the Church in this World?
A Discovery of things to happen in the several Ages of the World, together with the Conquest of the Churches Enemies, but the way of this Discovery is very Abstruse and Mysterious.
What concerns the State of the Church in the World to come.
The full Description of the New Jerusalem, Chap. 21 where the Saints shall be for ever happy, set forth by some Mysterious Resemblances.
How doth this Book conclude?
With a Confirmation of the Truth of this Prophesy, Chap. 22 and the Churches earnest desire of Christs second Coming to Judgment.
ERRATA.
PAg. 15. line 7. read Cities. P. 26. l. 18. r. of Religion to. P. 41. l. 27. dele about. P. 42. l. 13. r. he to be. P. 64. Marg. add chap. 9. P. 68. l. ult Marg. add chap. 18. P. 69. l. 7. Marg. add chap. 19. P. 70. l. 17. Marg. add chap. 21. P. 74. l. 10. add chap. 3. l. 26. chap. 4. P. 77. l. 17. r. Parmemas. P. 80. l. 15. r. Sau P. 122. l. 1. Marg. add chap. 3. l. 12. chap. 4. l. 21 chap. 5. l. 30. chap. 7. P. 126. l. 5. Marg. add chap. 4