1. NOte that there are two Characters for I, the first of which must always be used instead of J Consonant, as in these words,
- Jerusalem.
- Jericho.
There are also two Characters for S, that the Learner may take which of them he shall find most convenient to joyn with other Letters. See the Alphabet.
For the better understanding of the following Rules, the Learner is desired to observe that the Letters a, e, i, o, u, are called Vowels, and the rest of the Letters are called Consonants.
[Page 8]It must be observed that the Letters J and V coming before themselves, or any other Vowel in the same Syllable, are Consonants, as in the words
- Judah,
- Vertue.
2. When two or more Consonants come together, they must be joyned one to another without taking off the Pen. The most difficult are given you for Examples in the Copper Plate at the Figure 2. but all of them except th and wh are the Letters of the Alphabet, and so will be easily learned.
3. How to express the Vowels.
When a word begins or ends with a Vowel, the said Vowel must not be expressed by its proper Character, but by a prick put in its place: which that you may the more easily remember and understand, observe that their places are according to their rank in the Alphabet, viz.
- a
- Being the first Vowel, hath the first place, viz. a little higher than the following Letter▪ but not just over it. See the Copper Plate at fig. 3.
- e
- Being the second Vowel, hath the second place, viz. just against the upper corner of the following Letter. See again at fig. 3.
- i
- Being the third Vowel, hath the third place, viz. just against the middle of the Letter. See fig. 3.
- o
- Being the fourth Vowel, hath the fourth place, just against the lower corner of the following Letter. See fig. 3.
- u
- Being the fifth Vowel, hath the fifth place a little lower than the following Letter, but not just under it. See again at fig. 3.
[Page 9]You must also take notice that the places of the Vowels are the same after a Consonant as before one, and that the Letter y when joined to a Consonant hath always the sound of the Vowel i, and therefore is expressed in the same manner. In the next place observe carefully the places of the Vowels about the Letters l and s, you will easily understand these things by viewing the Examples at fig. 3.
4. When a Vowel comes between two Consonants, it is to be expressed by putting the latter Consonant in its place. See fig. 4.
In this Art we do not regard true spelling, but for swiftness sake leave out all the Letters that are not pronounced in speaking; which that you may the better understand, I have given in the following Tables a particular account of all such Letters, with Rules how to know them and when to leave them out; the Learner must write them in Short-hand Letters till he can do them well.
1. e may be left out before d in the last Syllable of a word, as for | ruled | rul'd. |
wiped | wip'd. | |
striped | strip'd. | |
2. before st, as for | knowest | knowst. |
3. before th, as for | knoweth | knowth. |
4. before neth, as for | ripeneth | ripneth. |
5. before l, as for | councel | councl. |
6. before m, as for | them | thm. |
7. before n, as for | taken | takn. |
8. before r, as for | cooler. | coolr. |
9. as it may be left out in all these eight cases abovesaid before those Letters | ||
[Page 10]in the last Syllable, so it may be left out in all such words as it is not pronounced in when it is the last Letter of the word, viz. after b, c, d, f, g, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, observe the Examples, which the Learner is desired to write over in the Short-hand Characters until he be accustomed to leave out the Letters which are here left out. | bribe | brib. |
Spice | Spic. | |
wide | wid. | |
Knife | Knif. | |
Sage | Sag. | |
make | mak. | |
stale | stal. | |
Name | Nam. | |
none | non. | |
wipe | wip. | |
risque | risq. | |
hare | har. | |
case | cas. | |
hate | hat. | |
In such cases as one word may be mistaken for another, as hate for hat, the Learner may add a prick in the Vowels place to distinguish. | due | du. |
live | liv. | |
owe | ow. |
How to express Dipthongs.
5. When a Dipthong (which is two Vowels together in the same Syllable) begins or ends a Word, observe which of the Vowels is most sounded in pronouncing the Word, and write a prick in that Vowels place, and if the Dipthong be in the middle of a Word, put the Consonant which follows next after the Dipthong in the place of the Vowel which is most sounded. See Fig. 5.
ae | e | Eneas | Aeneas | |||||
ai | a | ar | Air | |||||
au | a | adience | audience | A | ||||
ay | a | play | pla | |||||
ea | e | se | Sea | A | ||||
ei | e | ven | vein | |||||
eo | o | jopardy | Jeopardy | |||||
eu | u | nuter | neuter | A | ||||
ey | e | pre | prey | |||||
ie | i | li | lie | |||||
oa | o | ror | roar | |||||
oe | o | do | doe | |||||
For | ou | write | u | as | fund | for | found | S |
ua | a | gard | guard | |||||
ue | u | du | due | |||||
ui | i | gilt | guilt | |||||
eau | u | Buty | Beauty | A | ||||
iew | u | adu | adiew | A | ||||
uai | a | qal | quail | |||||
These are Tripthongs | uee | e | qen | Queen | ||||
uea | e | qesie | queasie | |||||
aw | a | la | law | |||||
ew | u | nu | new | A | ||||
ow | o | slo | slow | A | ||||
eou | u | rightus | righteous |
6. If neither of the Vowels can be spared, as in the word Oil, boil, &c. observe in the beginning of a word to write the proper Character of the first Vowel, and put the Consonant in the next Vowels place.
[Page 12]In the middle of a word write your last Vowel in the first Vowels place.
In the end of a word do the same. See the Examples at Fig. 6.
Of Semi-vowels and Mutes.
When any of the Letters l, m, n, r, x, z, (which by the Latins are called Semi-vowels) come after a Vowel (in the beginning of a word) before another Consonant, the said Vowel may be left out; sor none of those Letters can be pronounced without sounding a Vowel before them, as l is pronounced as if it were writ el; which of the Vowels must be pronounced, the sense will teach.
The same Rule holds as to these Mutes b, c, d, f, g, p, t, except when any of them are joyned with l or r. Observe the Examples in the following Table, and write them over so often in the Shorthand Letters till you can readily write them, or any other Examples of this nature.
Amnon | mnon. | |
already | lredy. | |
for | unready | nredy. |
argue | rgu. | |
expect | xpect. | |
Ezra | zra. | |
obtain | btain. | |
adjust | djust. | |
for | off-going | fgoing. |
Ignominy | gnominy. | |
up-going | pgoing. | |
out-last | tlast. |
[Page 13]When two Consonants of the same sort come together either in the middle or end of a word, one of them may be left out and yet the Pronunciation not wronged, as will appear by these Examples in the Table.
attain | atain. |
attribute | atribut, |
aggravate | agravat. |
carefull | carful. |
fearfull | ferful. |
sinfull | sinful. |
Sinfulness | Sinfulnes. |
err | er. |
Firr | Fir. |
It many times happens that two Consonants of different sorts comes together, and yet one of them may be spared without marring the sense of the Word, concerning which take the following Rules.
b | may be left out in the end of a word after m, and when it comes between a Vowel and t, | lamb | lam | |
dumb | dum | |||
debt | det | |||
doubt | dut | |||
c | may be spared before k or q, and after s, and after x, | acknowledg | aknoledg | |
acquaint | aqant | |||
Disciple | Disiple | |||
excess | xes | |||
d | may be left out before g, as and sometimes after n, | Judg | Jug | |
grudg | grug | |||
Hand-maid | Han-maid | |||
Friendship | Frienship | |||
f | when it is not pronounced before t, | soft | sot | A |
after | ater | A | ||
[Page 14]g | may be left out betwixt a Vowel and n, and when it comes between n and th. | rein | reign. | |
soverain | soveraign. | |||
forein | foreign. | |||
lenth | length. | |||
strenth | strength. | S | ||
gh | when it comes between a Vowel and t, | rit | right. | A |
mit | might. | A | ||
sit | sight. | |||
ugh | after a Vowel | thro | through. | |
h | when it comes in the end of a word after a Vowel it may be left out in the word him, when the foregoing word ends with a Consonant or with e after a Consonant, or with h, and when it comes after r, and after c, as and after x, | Sela | Selah. | |
Noa | Noah. | |||
let im | let him. | |||
hurt im | hurt him. | |||
smite im | smite him. | |||
take im | take him. | |||
catch im | catch him. | |||
reach im | reach him. | |||
Retorik | Rhetorick. | |||
Rum | Rheum. | |||
Scem | Scheme. | |||
Scolar | Scholar. | |||
xort | exhort. | |||
l | in the words will and shall, before not, and by Scotish Men, and those of the North of England after a, so before f, | w'ont | will not. | |
sha'nt | shall not. | |||
sma | small. | S | ||
fa | fall. | |||
ca | call. | |||
haf | half. | |||
caf | calf. | |||
[Page 15]n | when it comes after m in the same Syllable. | contem | contemn. | S |
condem | condemn. | |||
p | when it comes between m and t, | contemt | contempt. | |
xmt | exempt. | |||
t | before ch and after p, | strech | stretch. | |
corrup | corrupt. | S | ||
the | in the words them, these, those, when the words going before end with e or a Consonant. | tak m | take them. | |
write s | write these. | |||
take s | take those. | |||
w | may be left out before r, and sometimes before h. | rit | write. | A |
hol | whole. | A |
Of exchanging Letters.
Many times one Letter may be exchanged for another, and so one serve for two: observe the following Table.
c | ch | Baruc | Baruch. | A | ||
f | ph | Filip | Philip. | |||
gh | laf | laugh. | A | |||
tuf | tough. | |||||
k | ct | ak | act. | S | ||
ck | attak | attack. | ||||
write | x | for | cc | xes | access. | |
ks | thanx | thanks. | ||||
cts | distrix | district. | S | |||
s | ce | defens | defence. | |||
q | qu | qery | query▪ | |||
sh | sci | conshens | Conscience. | |||
tio | conshenshus | conscientious. | ||||
conshonabl | conscionable. |
[Page 16]The Learners are desired to write over the Examples in these Tables until they can readily write them, leaving out the superfluous Letters, the benefit they will quickly find in exercising them in the Shorthand Letters.
The Reader is referred to Fig. 7. in the Copper Plate for Syllables to begin and end words, and Examples how to make use of the said Syllables.
The Learner is also desired to take notice that any Consonant being dashed through in the place of the respective Vowel, the said dash signifies ar, er, ir, or, ur.
And that a very little Line over or under a word, if it be only so big as to distinguish it from a prick, signifies the words over and under.
And that a Short-hand p joined above any word signifies upon. See the Examples for each in fig. 7.
8. How to write the small words, a, the, this, these, those, that.
For a, write a prick above the word towards the left-hand.
For the, a prick over it to the right.
For this and these, write two pricks in the Line asquint going upward from the left to the righthand.
For those, write two pricks in the Line asquint going downward the same way.
For that, write a prick under the Line towards the right-hand. See the Examples of each in in fig. 8.
9. The words my, thy, his, ours, yours, theirs, are called Possessive Pronouns, and must be writ thus.
For my or mine write a prick higher than the Line at an equal distance from the word that goes before it and that which follows.
For thy and thine write a prick in the middle betwixt the words.
For his write a prick against the lower Corner in the middle betwixt the words.
For ours double the pricks in the first place.
For yours double them in the second.
For theirs double them in the third.
See at fig. 9. for the Examples.
If the word self come after any of these words (which frequently happens) write a very small Shorthand s under the said word.
If the word own (which also frequently happens) come after, add one prick more under the said word.
See the Examples at Figure 9.
10. How to express the words of, to, with, from, for, by.
For of write the following word a little higher than the Line off from the corner of the word that comes before it. See fig. 10.
[Page 18]For to, write the following word nearer to it in the same place, but remember to keep such distance as that it may not be mistaken as part of the former word.
For with, write the word that follows it near the middle of the word that went before it, keeping due distance to avoid mistake.
For from, write the following word at a double distance from the word that went before it.
For by, write the following word near to the under corner of that which went before it, but so as you may keep a due distance from that word.
For for, write the following word in the same place at a greater distance.
See the Examples at fig. 10.
But in case the Learner think these Rules intricate or hard to observe, I refer him to figure 11. where there are other ways to express the said words as short as any hath hitherto been published, and which must be used however when such words begin a Line, and before the Possessive Pronouns, observe fig. 11.
12. How to write the Degrees of Comparison[?].
When the word more, which the Latins call the sign of the Comparative Degree, comes to be writ, it may be signified by a little mark towards the lefthand. See fig. 12.
The word then comes very often after words of the Comparative Degree, which may be known either [Page 19] by this word more which is the sign of it, or by its last Syllable, which in the English Language always ends in er, and is either compared with others or it self, as wiser than he was, wiser than you; I say in such case the word than may be left out, for it cannot but be read by the sense.
When the word most, which the Latins call the sign of the Superlative Degree, is to be writ, it may be signified by the same mark as the Comparative Degree, only set toward the Right-hand. See Fig. 12.
The words of the, in the, among them, &c. do often come after the words of the Superlative Degree which are known, either by this sign most, or by its last Syllable, which in the English Language is always in est, or st, and speaks always of a Person or thing in the highest or lowest Degree, as the wisest of the two, the richest in the Town. In such cases the said words of the, in the, &c. may be left out, and yet the sense will easily discover which should be read.
See the Examples one after another, fig. 12.
Of Verbs, Tenses, and Moods.
A Verb is a word that signifies the Person or thing spoken of, either to be doing something to others (and then it is called Active) or that something is done to, or suffered by the said Person or thing, and then it is called Passive.
[Page 20]13. The words, I, thou, he, we, ye, they, do often come before Verbs, and are called Persons. See for their Characters, fig. 13.
There are three times of doing or suffering, viz. the time past, the time present, the time to come.
We express the time past by the words have, have been, had, had been, did and was.
We express the time present by the words do and am.
We express the time to come by the words will, and will be, shall, and shall be.
Now according to the order of Nature, and not of Grammar, supposing that many may learn this Art, that never learned that, I have put the time past first, the present in the middle, and the time to come last.
14. Therefore when the word have comes either after any of the words I, thou, he, we ye, they, or any other word, it is not to be writ, but the word that comes after it is to have the first Letter of it writ higher than the corner of the word before it, which being the first place is the place of have, which is the sign of the first time. See fig. 14.
Instead of the words have been, write after the same manner, but because that is a Passive Signification, it must be distinguished by putting a little stroke on the back of the first Letter of the word that comes[?] after have been. See the Example, fig. 14.
For had and had been, write in the same manner, only let the word which comes after had be writ at twice so much distance from the word that goes before it, as the word was that came after have, and let the word that comes after had been, have a [Page 21] stroke put on its back according to the former Rule. See the next Example▪ fig. 14.
When the word did comes after any of the Persons, or another word, it is not to be writ, but signified by its place also, which is just against, or even with the upper corner of the word that goes before it, and therefore the word that comes after it must be writ in that place at such distance as it may not be confounded with the word that goes before it.
See the next Example, fig. 14.
For the word was it must be expressed the same way, but with this difference, that being of a Passive or Suffering Signification, a little stroke must be added to the back of the word that follows it, as formerly. See further fig. 14.
The time present being between that which is past, and that which is to come, you must put such word as comes after do or am just against the middle of such word as went before them, only putting a stroke upon the back of such word as comes after am, because it is Passive. See fig. 14.
The time to come being the last, you must put the word that comes after will or shall against the lower corner of the word that went before them, allowing double the distance from that word for shall that you do for will: and for will be and shall be, adding a stroke upon the back of the word that follows them because of the Passive Signification. See fig. 14. adhuc.
Some perhaps may object that the places of the Tenses, and the places of the words of, to, &c. are confounded, but there can be no hazard of mistake in that, if it be considered that a Verb never comes after any of these words except to, concerning [Page 22] which you have a Rule in its place, and at first dash it will be seen that the word so placed as is directed here, is a Verb.
Note that hast and hath must be expressed the same way as have, hadst the same way as had, didst the same way as did; wast and were the same way as was, dost and doth the same way as do; and shalt and wilt the same way as shall and will. See the last Examples, fig. 14.
The Persons or Words which go before them will easily shew which should be read.
15. There are several ways of expressing our selves in doing or suffering, which the Latins call Moods, some of which fall under our Consideration in this Art. And first,
The Imperative or commanding way, or Mood, wherein we express our selves (when we command) by the words do, let, or be, as do you go, let us come, be you obedient.
The Persons or Words to which these words of command are usually affixed or joyned, are me, thou, him, us, you or ye, and them: concerning which observe the following Rules, viz.
To the first Letter of every such Person joyn over it in a commanding manner a straight stroke or shorthand l, and to distinguish be, because it hath a Passive Signification, put a small dash on the back of the said stroke, observe the Examples fig. 15. where you must also take notice that for the word us there is a Short-hand s.
16. Secondly, there is the Optative or wishing Mood, wherein we express our selves by the word [Page 23] wish, which is to be signified by a stroke put under the Person in a humble manner, but when the word wish comes after any other word it is to be expressed by putting a Short-hand w under the said word. See fig. 16.
17. Thirdly, there is the Potential Mood or way, whereby we express what may or ought to be done, which we do by the words may, can, would, should, might, ought, may, or can hereafter; concerning which observe that except have, had, or hereafter come after any of them, they do all belong to the present time, and therefore in that case the word that comes after any of them must be set just against the middle of the word before it.
The way to express them is thus.
If any of the said words may, can, &c. come after a Person, then the first Letter of such word must be joyned to the Person which is enough to express any of them, but because several of them, as may and might, can and could, begin with the same Letter, you must distinguish them thus; write the first Letter of might and could close to the upper corner of the Person, and joyn the first Letter of may and can to the lower corner of the Person, see the Example in fig. 17. where you must also take notice that to express the Passive Signification of be and been, &c. there is a little dash put upon the back of the first Letter of the word.
If the words may or can, &c. come after any other word, then the Persons, I, thou, &c. you must put the first Letter of such of them as it happens to be, above the Verb, but you must distinguish may from might, and can from could as formerly, and [Page 24] observe to add the little dash for the Passive Signification. See and observe carefully the Example in fig. 17.
Sometimes the Optative and Potential come together, observe the last Example, fig. 17.
18. Fourthly, there is the Subjunctive Mood, which some also call Conjunctive, because it doth not compleat a Sentence except another Verb be subjoyned or conjoyned, the signs by which we express it are the words when, if, seeing, as when you come; you see that something more is to be expressed or understood, to make the Sentence compleat, as when you come you shall hear.
The manner of expressing these words is thus, you must when they come after any Person, or other word subjoin, (that is to say joyn to the lower part of it) a Short-hand wh for when, f for if, s for seeing. See fig. 18.
Sometimes the signs of the Optative, Potential, and Subjunctive, come together, as in this Example, I wish when you come you would stay. Concerning which see the last Examples of Figure 18.
19. How to express to and to be, which Latins call marks of the Infinitive Mood, I refer you to Figure 19. where you have Examples how to use them. As also to express the must which is called a Gerund, by putting a Short-hand in under the Person or last Letter of the Word before it.
Of Interrogatory Sentences.
20. For the words commonly made use of in asking Questions and their Characters, I refer you to number 20. in the Copper Plate, but take these following Rules for the use of them.
1. If they or any of them come before any of the Persons, I, thou, he, &c. you must put the said Person in the place of the sign of the time that goes before it, as in this Example, What have I? you must first write the Character for what and put I in the place of have, which according to former Rules is higher than the upper corner of the word going before it, at such distance as it may not be taken for part of that word, and so of all others of this sort. See fig. 20.
If the Verb come after the Person, as in this Example, what shall I do, write as before, only put the Verb against the middle of the Person which is the present time, and so of all others, observing the former Directions for distinguishing one Mood or way from another, and the words that are Passive from the Active. See fig. 20.
But it must be observed that the signs of the Optative or wishing Mood must be joyned to the lower part of the word of Question, as in this Example, what wisheth he for, the sign of the Optative Mood must be joyned to the lower end of the word what▪ See fig. 20.
The signs of the Potential Mood may, can, should, &c. must be joyned to the head of the Person, after any such word of Question, but because of may and might, and can and coulds beginning [Page 26] with one Letter, joyn might and could to the upper corner of the Person on the left side, and may and can towards the lower corner on the same side. See fig. 20.
The signs of the Subjunctive Mood when, if, and seeing, being always to be read before the Person, there is no difficulty in them. See Figure 20. adhuc.
21. When a Question begins with any of these words do, did, have, had, will, shall, write the Person that follows after any of those words, and put a prick close to the back of the Person to shew that it is a Question, and put the following Verb in its proper time. See fig. 21.
But if the word wish come after the Person, joyn the mark of the Optative to it, and put the Verb in its proper time. See fig. 21.
If the words may, can, should, would, &c. come before the Person, they must be joyned to the upper part of it as formerly, remembring also to distinguish between may and might, can and could, and betwixt words of a Passive Signification and others, according to former Rules. See further, fig. 21.
Observe if the said words in asking a Question should come before any other word but the Person, the first Letter of each of them must be writ above the word they come before, but remember to write may and can below the word. See further fig. 21.
Note that tho at first one would think this last Rule is confounded with that in Number 17 Page, yet there is no hazard of mistaking one for the other; for the signs of the Potential Mood in that Rule are always to be put above or below a Verb, but here never.
Of Negative Sentences.
22. When the words not, never, neither, come either before a Verb or any other word, they may be exprest thus, not by a Short-hand n put upon the back of the first Letter of the word that follows it, never by the same dash'd through, neither by a Short-hand th joyned to the head of the n. See the Examples fig. 22.
Of contracting little Words when they come together.
23. Many times little words coming together may be joyned so as to be much shortned, especially if all of them end and begin with Vowels, or if the former end with the Vowel, and the latter begin with h, as com on for come on, t'us for to us, t'im for to him; and often when the first word ends with a Consonant, and the latter begins with a Vowel, as think ont for think on it.
The Rules for such Abbreviations are these.
When two or more words come together, one whereof ends with a Vowel, and the other begins with a Vowel or h, the last Vowel in the first word may be left out, and the first Consonant of the next may be put in the place of the Vowel that goes before it, as tak n for take on, where ( e) is left out in take, and n put in the place of o against k; and so words beginning with h after one that either ends with a Consonant, or Vowel, h may be left out, [Page 28] and the Consonant which comes next after it may be put in the place of the Vowel that went before it, as tak n m for take on him, where m is put in the place of i against n and h left out.
When one Word ends with a Consonant, and another begins with a Vowel, write the Consonant which comes after the said Vowel, in the place of it, against the Consonant before it, as break open write the p in the place of o against the k. See the Examples, of fig. 23.
Of Contrarieties.
When Words or Sentences which are just contrary one to another come together, the contrary part may be signified by a backward c thus, good &) for good and bad, Heaven &) for Heaven and Hell; whosoever believeth in Christ Jesus shall be saved, but) for whosoever believeth not in Christ Jesus shall be condemned.
Of leaving out Syllables.
There are Syllables which are common for ending many words, as ed, est, eth, &c. which for swiftness sake may be left out, and yet the Sense not be marred to any understanding Person; for if the root of the word be writ, the Sense will easily direct to the last Syllable, as if one should write thou understa me, sense will teach that it must be read thou understandest me, so thou lov me for lovest, teach for teachest; and so of any other word.
[Page] [Page 29]Many times half a long word may be left out, and yet be easily read, as Comis for Commission, Command for Commandment, and thus, the unright Pers. shant inher the Kingd. of Heav. will easily be read, the unrighteous Person shall not inherit the Kingdom of Heaven.
These last Rules being well considered, will be found more useful and practicable than Tables of Marks for words, as is hinted more at large in the Preface.
Of Repetitions.
In case of Repetitions, consider if the Sense may not be compleat, tho the word repeated be but once set down, as instead of whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are just, &c. write whatsoever things are true, honest, just, &c.
Or if the Repetitions follow one another immediately you may write down the number under the words to be repeated, as for The Temple of the Lord, the Temple of the Lord, the Temple of the Lord, write, The Temple of the Lord.
[Page 30]I shall now give you the Names of the Scripture Books contracted, as they use to be quoted in Authors, which you may practise in your Shorthand Letters according to your Rules until you can do them perfectly.
- Gen.
- Ex.
- Lev.
- Num.
- Deut.
- Jos.
- Judg.
- Ruth.
- Sam.
- K.
- Cr.
- Zr.
- Neh.
- Est.
- Job.
- Ps.
- Prov.
- Ec.
- Cant.
- Is.
- Jer.
- Lam.
- Ez.
- Dan.
- Hos.
- Jol.
- Am.
- Ob.
- Jon.
- Mich.
- Nah.
- Hab.
- Zef.
- Zec.
- Hag.
- Mal.
Note that any number of Psalms above 66 may be expressed by the Figures only without mentioning the Psalm, it being known that there is no other Book hath above that number of Chapters.
For Chapter write Cap.
For Verse write ver.
- Mat.
- Luk.
- Mar.
- Jo.
- Ac.
- Rom.
- Cor.
- Gal.
- Ef.
- Fil.
- Col.
- Thes.
- Tim.
- Tit.
- Ph.
- Heb.
- Ja.
- Pet.
- Jud.
- Rev.
Note that I have writ f for ph, because it is sooner writ, and cr for chr, because h is not sounded after c.
[Page 31]Here follows a Table of Analogical Marks which will quickly be learned, most of the words therein being signified naturally by the Marks, for which I refer you to the Copper Plate at the end of the Book, where you will find them numbred as the words are here: so that if you look for the same number there that you find against any of the Words or Sentences here, the Mark against which the said number is placed signifies the same.
I did not think it material to bring them into exact order of Alphabet, which I hope the Learner will excuse, for they will be attained at twice or thrice writing over.
1 | Altogether. |
2 | all that is in the World. |
3 | Angel. |
4 | Angels that fell, or fallen Angels |
5 | Antichrist. |
6 | Apostle. |
7 | Apostles of Christ. |
8 | false Apostles. |
9 | to ascend. |
10 | Back to back. |
11 | Babylon. |
12 | come out of Babylon my People. |
13 | thou Hypocrite, thou canst not see the Beam that is in thine own Eye[?] |
14 | to backslide, or backsliden. |
15 | backward. |
16 | black. |
17 | before. |
18 | behind. |
19 | before and behind. |
20 | above and below. |
21 | belong. |
beginning of the World | [...] |
[...] | |
[Page 32]25 | near the beginning. |
26 | at the beginning. |
27 | after the beginning. |
28 | from the beginning. |
29 | from the beginning to the end. |
30 | from the 11th to the 14th. |
31 | the 14 and 15 compared. |
32 | good beginning. |
33 | bad beginning. |
34 | about the beginning. |
35 | between. |
36 | both together. |
37 | bottomless Pit. |
38 | blind. |
39 | before the Foundation of the World. |
40 | beneath. |
41 | broad Gate, or Way. |
42 | broad is the Gate that leads to Destruction, and many there be that enter thereat. |
43 | broken Cistern that will hold no Water. |
44 | broken. |
45 | broken in pieces. |
46 | broken in two. |
47 | Christ. | |
48 | Christian. | |
49 | Christianity. | |
50 | Christ coming into the World. | |
51 | Christ came into the World to save Sinners. | |
52 | Cross. | |
53 | Christ's Humiliation. | |
54 | Christ's Exaltation. | |
55 | Christ sitteth at the right-hand of God. | |
56 | Christ's Ascenfion. | |
57 | Christ's Burial. | |
58 | Christ's Death. | |
59 | Christ's Resurrection. | |
60 | Christ crucified. | |
61 | Christ will come to judg the World. | |
62 | Christ's Blood. | |
63 | Christ sweat drops of Blood. | |
64 | the Blood and Water that came | [Page 33]out of Christ's side. |
65 | the Sufferings of Christ. | |
66 | Children of Christ. | |
67 | in Christ. | |
68 | in and through Christ. | |
69 | in and by Christ. | |
70 | through Christ. | |
71 | out of Christ. | |
72 | near Christ. | |
73 | far from Christ. | |
74 | from Christ. | |
75 | by Christ. | |
76 | rely on Christ. | |
77 | forsake Christ. | |
78 | many are called, but few are chosen. | |
79 | in Covenant with Christ. | |
80 | Christ received into the Heart. | |
81 | Cross of Christ. | |
82 | he that will be my Disciple, must take up his Cross and follow me. | |
83 | Jesus Christ. | |
84 | Christ Jesus. | |
85 | our Lord Jesus Chr. | |
86 | Church. | |
87 | Church of Christ. | |
88 | Reformed Church. | |
89 | Church of Rome. | |
90 | Church of England. | |
91 | Church of the Jews. | |
92 | corrupt Church. | |
93 | Church militant. | |
94 | Church triumphant[?]. | |
95 | suffering Church. | |
96 | Church of God. | |
97 | Covenant of Works. | |
98 | Covenant of Grace. | |
99 | Covenant. | |
100 | broken Covenant. | |
101 | Covenantbreakers. | |
102 | in Covenant with God. | |
103 | Conscience. | |
104 | Conscience awakened. | |
105 | bad Conscience. | |
106 | sear'd Conscience. | |
107 | Circumcision. | |
108 | uncircumcision. | |
109 | coming into the World. | |
[Page 34]110 | compassed. | |
111 | compassed about. | |
112 | compassed round. |
113 | Darkness. |
114 | blackness of darkness. |
115 | Devil. |
116 | the Children of the Devil. |
117 | the Devil can turn himself into an Angel of Light. |
118 | the Devils believe and tremble. |
119 | Chains of darkness. |
120 | Doctrine. |
121 | point of Doctrine. |
122 | 1st, 2d, and 3d, Doctrine. |
123 | false Doctrine. |
124 | corrupt Doctrine. |
125 | Doctrine of Devils. |
126 | downward |
127 | Eye. |
128 | Eyes of God. |
129 | Eyes of the Lord. |
130 | Eyes of Angels. |
131 | Eyes of Devils. |
132 | Eyes of the World. |
133 | Eyes of the People. |
134 | proud look. |
135 | even. |
136 | equal. |
137 | unequal. |
138 | uneven. |
139 | Fall headlong upon. |
140 | fall headlong into the bottomless Pit. |
141 | from the one side to the other. |
142 | from one end to the other. |
143 | from top to bottom. |
144 | Foundation of the World. |
145 | before the Foundation of the World. |
146 | Fragments |
147 | God. |
[Page 35]148 | great God. |
149 | God in Christ. |
150 | God in Christ reconciling the World. |
151 | Gospel. |
152 | Gospel of Christ. |
153 | go forward. |
154 | go backward. |
155 | go to the left-hand. |
156 | go to the righthand. |
157 | go upward. |
158 | go downward. |
159 | go up and down. |
160 | go forward and backward. |
161 | go out of the World. |
162 | gathered together. |
163 | Heart. |
164 | upright Heart. |
165 | covetous Heart. |
166 | Heart set on the World. |
167 | Heart set on Christ. |
168 | double Heart. |
169 | hard heart. |
170 | soft Heart. |
171 | contrite Heart. |
172 | broken Heart. |
173 | contrite and broken heart. |
174 | false heart. |
175 | unclean Heart. |
176 | rotten Heart. |
177 | Hypocrite in Heart. |
178 | headlong. |
179 | heavenly. |
180 | in Heaven. |
181 | God in Heaven. |
182 | with God in Heaven. |
183 | Christ in Heaven. |
184 | with Christ in Heaven. |
185 | Saints in Heaven. |
186 | with Saints in Heaven. |
187 | Angels in Heaven. |
188 | with Angels in Heaven. |
189 | Hell. |
190 | in Hell. |
191 | Devils in Hell. |
192 | with Devils in Hell. |
193 | Souls in Hell. |
[Page 36]194 | wicked in Hell. |
195 | the wicked shall be turned into Hell, and all the Nations that forget God. |
196 | Flames of Hell. |
197 | Torments of Hell. |
198 | Purgatory. |
199 | Idolaters. |
200 | idolatrous. |
201 | Idolatry. |
202 | In the middle. |
203 | Jesus Christ the second Person of the Trinity. |
204 | inseparable |
205 | inward or inside. |
206 | innumerable. |
207 | King. |
208 | Kingdom. |
209 | Kingdom of Heaven. |
210 | Kingdom of Christ. |
211 | Kingdom of Satan. |
212 | Kingdom of the Earth. |
213 | Key that openeth and none can shut. |
214 | Knowledg |
215 | Knowledg of God. |
216 | Knowledg of Christ. |
217 | knowledg of my self. |
218 | knowledg of thy self. |
219 | knowledg of our selves. |
220 | knowledg of your selves. |
221 | knowledg of themselves. |
222 | knowledg of the Lord. |
223 | knowledg of the Lord J. Christ. |
224 | Labyrinth. |
225 | little. |
226 | long. |
227 | Lord. |
228 | longer. |
229 | longest. |
230 | Lord God. |
231 | Lord Jesus Christ crucified. |
232 | look unto Christ. |
233 | look unto Christ on the Cross or Christ crucified. |
[Page 37]234 | they shall look unto him whom they have pierced, and mourn. |
235 | look up. |
236 | look down |
237 | look forward. |
238 | look backward. |
239 | look before and behind. |
240 | look round about. |
241 | look above |
242 | look below. |
243 | look on this fide. |
244 | look on that side. |
245 | Magistrate. |
246 | Minister. |
247 | mistake. |
248 | great mistake. |
249 | foul mistake. |
250 | greatly mistaken. |
251 | fouly mistaken. |
252 | Mystery. |
253 | misunderstood. |
254 | to mediate. |
255 | thou Hypocrite, thou canst see the Mote that is in thy Neighbours Eye, &c. |
256 | Man Men. |
257 | upright Man. |
258 | upright way. |
259 | fallen Man |
260 | righteous Man. |
261 | sinsul Man. |
262 | in Man. |
263 | between Man and Man. |
264 | bloody Men. |
265 | damned or reprobate Man. |
266 | Narrow way. |
267 | New Testament. |
268 | nevertheless. |
269 | notwithstanding. |
270 | numerous. |
271 | Outside. |
272 | outward. |
273 | Old Testament. |
274 | Our Father which art in Heaven. |
275 | Providence |
[Page 38]276 | Prudence. |
277 | Papist Popish. |
278 | Protestant. |
279 | Prison. |
280 | Quarter. |
281 | quarterly, or 4thly. |
282 | quartered. |
283 | quartering |
284 | in the 4th place. |
285 | Question. |
286 | in question. |
287 | without question. |
288 | under question. |
289 | questioned. |
290 | questionless. |
291 | hard question. |
292 | plain question. |
293 | questioned about. |
294 | intricate question. |
295 | Round. |
296 | round about. |
297 | run headlong. |
298 | run backward. |
299 | run headlong into the bottomless Pit. |
300 | Sharpsighted. |
301 | Sword. |
302 | Sword of God. |
303 | flaming Sword. |
304 | Serpent. |
305 | crooked Serpent. |
306 | break the Serpent's Head. |
307 | old Serpent. |
308 | scattered. |
309 | Sacrament. |
310 | holy Scripture. |
311 | through Scripture. |
312 | by the Scripture. |
313 | Shipwrack |
314 | having made Shipwrack of Faith and a good Conscience. |
315 | straight gate. |
316 | strive to enter in at the straight gate. |
317 | Trinity. | |
318 | Trinity in Unity, or one God | [Page 39]and three Persons. |
319 | Mystery of the Trinity. | |
320 | first Person of the Trinity. | |
321 | second Person of the Trinity. | |
2 | third Person of the Trinity. | |
324 | Tempter Temptation. | |
325 | in Temptation. | |
326 | fall into Temptation. | |
327 | many Temptations. | |
328 | from Tentation. | |
329 | in the way of Tentation. | |
330 | out of the way of Tentation. | |
331 | great Tentation. | |
332 | through the strength of Tentation. | |
333 | fall by Tentation. | |
334 | fall before Tentation. | |
335 | under Tentation. | |
336 | tremble. | |
337 | doubletongued. | |
338 | Lord's Table. | |
339 | come to the Lord's Table. | |
340 | at the Lord's Table. | |
341 | go from the Lord's Table. | |
342 | worthy receivers of the Body and Blood of Christ. | |
343 | unworthy receivers of the Body and Blood of Christ. | |
344 | Profaners of the Lord's Table. |
345 | Wilderness. |
346 | World. |
347 | beginning of the World. |
348 | end of the World. |
349 | old World. |
350 | this World |
351 | the World that is to come. |
[Page 40]352 | in the World. |
353 | in this World. |
354 | in the World to come. |
355 | both in this World, and in the World to come. |
356 | neither in this World, nor in the World to come. |
357 | World without end. |
358 | greatest part the World. |
359 | least part of the World. |
360 | Corruption of the World. |
361 | corrupt World. |
362 | The Devil, the World, and the Flesh. |
363 | the World shall be burnt with Fire. |
364 | without God in the World. |
365 | round about the World. |
366 | up and down the World. |
367 | through the World. |
368 | from one end of the World to the other. |
369 | Worshippers of God. |
370 | Word of God. |
371 | Works of God. |
372 | Works of Creation. |
373 | Works of Providence. |
374 | Vengeance |
375 | to bring down Vengeance on their own head. |
376 | You. |
377 | every one of you. all of you. |
378 | in you. |
379 | at you. |
380 | near you. |
381 | on both sides of you. |
[Page 41]382 | above and below you. |
383 | even with you. |
384 | higher than you. |
385 | lower than you. |
386 | behind and before you. |
387 | through you. |
There are another sort of Tables called Classical▪ on account of which some value their Invention very high; they are composed after this manner, by making any Letter or Character you please have eight or more different Significations, by putting a prick or any any other mark you will at top and bottom, and three on every side, as in this Example.
- ḃ ballance.
- ˙b belied.
- ·b billows.
- .b bolster.
- ḅ bulwark.
- b˙ blameless.
- b· blindfold.
- b. blotted.
and so of all the Letters of the whole Alphabets which are extant, and as many more as you can invent. But for my own part, I do not much approve of this Method, it being very burdensome to the Memory, and when learned, difficult to retain. The best composed Tables that ever I saw, containing [Page 42] a great many words which very rarely occur; and indeed, I think it impossible to compose such as shall be of constant use (except one accustom themselves to write only after one Man, and then it is not worth the while to do it) for there is as much variety of expressing Conceptions (upon the same Subject) as there is of Faces. But if the Learner think well of that Method, he may by this Example compose Tables to himself which he will more easily remember, than those of anothers Composition, for which the Authors have no reason to shew, but only because they will have it so: And tho it (it is true) there is no Art either to be invented or learned without some burden to the Memory, yet there is a great difference betwixt bestowing Pains in learning that which is a Rule in all cases of that sort; and that which serves only one case, and such as perhaps seldom occurs, and such are most of their Tables.
I had composed Tables of my own that had some more reference to the things signified than those I now mentioned, and consequently less difficult to learn; but upon the very same Reasons I have here given, I omit them, only giving you a Specimen of them, that if they seem plausible to you, you may exercise your own invention in framing them according to the following Exámples.
I made all the Capital Print Letters to signifie the Titles and Attributes of God the Father, which begun with the said respective Letters, as A to signifie Almighty, All-seeing, All-sufficient, and All-wise [Page 43] distingushed one from another by a prick put at the upper corner on the left side for Almighty, at the lower corner for All-seeing, at the upper corner of the right side for All-sufficient, and at the lower corner of it for All-wise, and so of all the Letters of the Alphabet; and then all the small Print Letters to signifie the Attributes of Christ, and some of them those of the Holy Ghost, and the other sorts of Letters to signifie the good and bad Qualities of Men and Things in the same manner.