The Antiquity of Heraulds.

2. WE have it recorded in sacred Scripture, Dan. 3.4. that in the Reign of Nebuchadnezzar King of Babilon, there was a Herauld which proclaimed the King's Will and Pleasure. Sir Iohn Ferne saith, Glo. 158. it took its beginning in the Reign of Priam King of Troy, in their solemn Plays of Wrestling, and other Feats of Activity, done in the Court of the said King, before the Greek Wars. But Heraulds were far more ancient than either of these: For among all Nations, ever since any Battle was fought, Heraulds and Officers have been appointed to fee to the ordering of things belonging to Arms, and warlike Discipline; else there would have been nothing but Con­fusion, without Victory.

3. At the first they were certain Knights, called Aunci­entes, such as had served in the Wars 20 Years, at the least, who being sore bruised, lamed, and well stept into Years: Such were by Emperors, and Kings made the Judges of Martial Acts, and of the Laws of Arms.

4. We read that when Iulius Caesar encamped before the City of Carthage, a Debate arose among his Captains, touching the worthyness of their Service upon the Enemy, every Man challenging the chiefest Honour as due to him­self, because he had merited the best: Whereat Caesar being greatly astonished, but having pacified this Conten­tion, to prevent the like inconvenience, established the foresaid Office, appointing two old Knights, to whom it was given in charge to oversee each Man's Doing and Be­haviour in the Battle, that upon their Report and Judg­ment, the Emperour or General of the Host might be in­structed how to reward them with Honour: And that from the Sentence of those Knights should no Man appeal, no not to the Senate.

5. From which Constitution and Order then begun, have our Officers, called Heraulds, by imitation, drawn their Function and Authority: They were by the Romans called Feciales, (a fedore faciendo) from their making of Leagues; and Cadu [...]ea [...]ores, from their carrying of Rods or Wands, made of the branches of Palm, or Olive, writhen about with two Serpents; like to that of Mercury, whom the Poets feign to be the Messenger, the Herauld and Interpreter of the Gods: Whose Rod is called Cadu­ceus. The Greeks call them Ceryces, and Ireno-phylaces, Guardians and Sequestrators of Peace; taken from the effect and issue of their Charge, which was to appease Dif­ferences by the way of Mildness, and to appoint Nations and Kingdoms Enemies, before they should proceed to handy strokes.

[Page 2]6. By the ancient Ga [...]ls and Britains they were called Bards and Druids, who also carried their Caducean Rods, to shew that those sacred Heraulds or Ambassadors, were the Interpreters of their Princes Will and Pleasure. The English and French call them Heraulds, anciently Her­hault, Herold, Hyraud, &c. Which Stow in his Annals, pag. 12. derives them from Heroes, Noble-men; such as excel in Vertues, Demy or Half-Gods: because to them was committed the office of making Peace, and proclaim­ing of Wars. And as Vpton saith, they gave counsel without peril, for the which they were of all Estates had in Honour and Worship, their Persons were inviolable and sacred; to them no outrage ought to be done, neither any violence by words or deeds: Nay anciently they were held so sacred and reverend in account, that none was constitu­ted thereunto, but such as were gentle born, and Free-men.

The Office of Heraulds.

7. TO the Office of an Herauld is requisite the skill of many Faculties, and Professions of Literature; they ought to be well known in several Languages and Tongues, to be of a mild and gentle Spirit, thereby to de­liver either the Soveraigns peaceful Congratulations to Foreign Princes being at amity with him, or else the dreadful defiances and indictions of War, to those which do offer cause of Hostility; in which he is to shew Cou­rage and Magnanimity.

8. They are to be expert and knowing in Martial Acts, and of the Laws of Arms, as in Conquests, Fields, Bat­tles, Assaults, Roads, Combates, Tilts and Tournays, Encounters, Recountrings, Rescues, Challenges and Tri­umphs. They are to be present, as Judges, to assist the Earl-Marshal, and to be diligent in the observation of all actions of Nobleness; to record and register the merits of the Gentle, and Vertuous: As also to brand with infamy the disloyalty of Traitors.

9. They are to be well skilled both in the Laws of the Countrey and the Civil Laws; for that within the body of those great Volumns, lies scattered the Principles and Ru­diments of the Laws Martial. Likewise it is most necessary that he be well read in the Books of Holy Writ, for the Office of a Judg, and a Herauld, do of all others come nearest to the Office and Ministration of a Priest.

10. And as to the Laws, so they ought to be well learn­ed in History, to have the knowledg and antiquities of Nations and People: To see strange Countries, and to read the History of the World, to know the needful Forms and Ceremonies of Coronations of Kings and Princes, Creations of Noble-men, the Orders and Dubbing of Knights, making of Esquires: And in Royal Progresses and Triumphs, Princely Marriages, and Christianings; to know the difference of Robes pertaining to the Orders of Regality.

11. They ought to be exquisite in the noble art of Bla­zon, Painting and Limning: For the better ordering of Arms for such as the Prince shall enoble for their Vertue. As also to know the Nature, Property, and Condition of Birds, Beasts, and Creatures irrational, both on the Land, and in the Water: The vertue of Plants, Trees, Herbs, and Flowers: The Constellations of Heaven, with the courses and operations of the Stars and Planets. And from Heaven to descend into the bowels of the Earth, there to apprehend the nature of Mettals, Minerals, and precious Stones; by whose intermixture they may learn the com­position of Colours, which are all necessary for emblazon­ing of such Arms according to Art.

12. They are to be expert in the Marshalling and So­lemnities of Mournings, and Funerals of the Nobles and Gentry; And for that end they ought to be skilful in the Coats of Arms, the Pedigrees, and Tribes of the Gentry within their Provinces; taking great care that one Gentle­man do not bear the Coat of others: Lest thereby scandal do arise, and effusion of Blood do persue. Therefore a­bove all, they are (for that purpose) to be well known in old Deeds, Charters, Manuscripts, &c. the perfect read­ing thereof is requisite to find out hidden Antiquities, and to clear many doubts and scruples.

13. In a word, the Reader may herein perceive that the study of all Arts, Sciences, and Faculties, as well di­vine, as profane, noble, as ignoble, from the Scepter to the Spade, are to be known, and do all concur in the ad­vancing the skill of Herauldry, to make an absolute and compleat accomplished Herauld, or King at Arms.

14. But alas! now a-days (saith my Author, Theat. 35.) this noble Science is so corrupt, and out of order; every office being bought and sold, that such as hold the places of Heraulds, are as ignorant and clownish as if they had ne­ver seen any thing: But are so impertinent and unskilful in the noble art of Blazon, and Painting, that they know not how to devise an honourable Arms for a Prince, or great Lord. For every Painter, Tricker, or a meer Bla­zoner of Arms, will not serve to make such an Officer; but that Man is an absolute Herauld, in whom is found the skill of many Faculties, and Profession of Sciences, and good Literature, and likewise the knowledg of War: Nay he ought to be such a Man as hath skill and knowledg in every thing. In as much as there is nothing but it is born in Arms, or comprehended in this Art or Skill of He­rauldry.

The Colledg of Heraulds.

15. THE Office of Herauld began to be respectively known, as also to be in great Honour and Au­thority, under the Raign of King Henry the Third of England, whose Court was more magnificent and full of splendour than any King of England before him: In the 50 th year of whose Government (as Spe [...]man in his Glos­sary informeth) there was then set up a School of Heraulds, consisting of Kings at Arms, Heraulds, and Pursevants; which in succeeding Ages were thus distinguished.

• I. Garter, Principal King of Arms, instituted and created with that Term or Title by Henry the First King of England; whose office it is to attend the Solemnities of the Knights of the Garter, the Processions of great Estates, and to martial the Funerals of the greater Nobility, as of Princes, Dukes, Marquesses, Earls, Viscounts and Barons.
• II. Clarencieux, Ksng of Arms for the South-side the River Trent, stiled anciently South-Roy, but by King Edword the Fourth created by the name of Clarencieux King of Arms, which before was only an Herauld. His proper office is to be at the ordering of great Estates, and to martial and dispose the Funerals of the lesser Nobility, as Baronet, Banneret, Knights, Esquires, and Gentlemen through the Realm, on the South-side the River Trent.
• [Page 3]III. Norroy, or anciently North-Roy, whose office is the same to Clarencieux, for the North-side of the River Trent.

Heraulds of Arms.

16. BEsides the three Kings of Arms, there are six He­raulds at this day, whose Names and Offices, are,

• I. Win [...]sor-Herauld, which Title was instituted about the 38 th year of King Edward the Third, when he was in France.
• II. Chester-Herauld, instituted in the time of Edward the Third, King of England.
• III. Richmond-Herauld, came first to be instituted by King Edward the Fourth.
• IV. Somerset-Herauld, instituted by King Henry the Eighth, about that time when he created his Son Henry Fitz-Roy, Duke of Somerset.
• V. York-Herauld, instituted by King Edwar [...] the Third, in honour of his Son which he created Duke of York.
• VI. Lancaster-Herauld, instituted by Edward the Third, when he created his other Son Duke of Lancaster.

These inferior Heraulds have no Provinces assigned them, as the Kings of Heraulds; not any priority in their places, but are superior one to the other, according to the time and antiquity of their Creation. Whose office it is to be Ministers, and Helpers of the Kings of Arms in their office.

17. These are all the present Heraulds, though in elder times we read of several others: As,

• Guyon-Herauld, instituted by King Edward the First, and continued to the end of Edward the Third: And so Le [...] ­pard-Herauld of Normandy. Agencourt-Herauld, created by Henry the Fifth, in memory of the great victory he obtained against the French in those parts.
• Ireland-Herauld, which was by King Edward the Sixth changed into the Title of Vlster-Herauld, or King of Arms for Ireland.

18. Lion-Herauld, or King of Arms for Scotland, these Heraulds pertained to the Kings, and in their several Pro­vinces, were stiled Kings of Arms: But besides these there were other Heraulds belonging to the Nobility, for Dukes, and Earls especially, who had their names from the Duke they belonged unto: As Moubray Duke of Norfolk, stiled hss Herauld Moubray. Humphrey Duke of Glocester, and Richard Duke of Glocester, called them Glocester-Heraulds. And so the Earl of Pembrook, Pembrook-Herauld. Charles Brandon Duke of Suffolk, Suffolk-Herauld: And Marleon his Pursevant. The Earl of Northumberland, Northumber­land-Herauld: And Esperance his Pursevant. So Art [...]ur Plantaginet, Viscount Lisley, Lisley-Pursevant And Ba­ron Hastings, Hasting-Pursevant.

But our Heraulds now being incorporated into a body, and made a Colledg by King Richard the Third, by Charter, under the great Seal of England, they have swal­lowed up all these inferior and domestick Heraulds, as I may term them.

Pursevants of Arms.

19. WIth the three Kings, and six Heraulds, there is joined four Marshals, Messengers, or Pur­sevants of Arms: And are Ministers to them in matters of Herauldry, in the execution of their Places: Which are these.

• I. Rouge-Cross, the first of all for antiquity, and is stiled so from the Red Cross, born by St. George, Patron Saint of England.
• II. Blew-Mantle, Pursevant of Arms, so stiled by King Edward the Third, in honour of the French Coat which he assumed, which Mantle was blew.
• III. Rouge-Dragon, so stiled from the Coat of King Henry the Seventh, which was supported by a Red Dragon; which Title he instituted.
• IV. Porculleis, instituted also by Henry the Seventh; which was a Symbol, Badg, or Cognizence used by him.

20. Besides these, in the Raign of several Princes, there were Pursevants of other Stiles, but time wore them away to the four above-said. As,

• Faulcon, Pursevant of Arms in Edward the 4 th, and Henry the 5 th, and 6 th's time.
• Antelope Pursevants, in Edw. 4. Hen. 5. and 6.
• Wallingford Pursevants, in Edw. 4. Hen. 5. and 6.
• Cadran Pursevants, in Edw. 4. Hen. 5. and 6.
• Roseblanch, Pursevant to the Duke of York; with se­veral others, which I forbear to name, as being nothing to my design.

If any desire a fuller relation of the Herauld's antiquity, and office; let them peruse these following Authors.

• Accidence of Armory, pag. 40, 41, 42.
• Glory of Generosity, pag. 151, 152, 153, 158, 159.
• Theatre of Honour and Knighthood, lib. 1. cap. 4.
• Spelman's Glossary, in verbo Heraldus, fol. 278, 279, 280.
• Cowell's Interpreter, in the Word Herauld.
• Poli [...]or Virgil, lib. 19.
• Lupanus, lib. 1. de Magist. Francorum, cap. Heraldi.
• Gwillam's Display of Heraul [...]ry, fol. 13.
• Lord Cook's Institution of Iurisdictiod of Courts, fol. 126.

Fees belonging to Heraulds.

21. HEraulds are Houshold Servants to Kings, and Princes; in which respect they have their Robes, with an yearly Pention allowed them out of the Kings Ex­chequer, according to their qualities, which is all mention­ed in their several Patents of creation, viz. Garter Prin­cipal King of Arms, 40 l. per Annum: Clarencieux, and Norroy, Kings of Arms 20 l. each. Six Heraulds, 13 l. 6 s. 8 d. apiece. Four Pursevants amongst them all 93 l. 6 s. 8 d.

22. At the King and Queens Coronations, at the So­lemnities of their Marriages; or Princes and Princesses, at the Baptizing of their Children, and also at their Obse­quies, and Funerals; they generally have among them the Cloaks and Chaperons, the Cloathes they wear, the Ca­nopies of Estate, the Cup the King drinketh in; the Childs Mantle, Swath-bands, Warming-Pan, Cloth of State, Pillows, Bason and Ewer: The mourning Velvet-Pall over the Corps, the Hangings of Velvet, or Cloth, in the Rooms, Chappels, or Churches; all which doth amount to a vast Sum. Also at the foresaid Solemnities, pertaining to Joy, the Heraulds have a right three several times to cry Largesse, and throw Medols, or pieces of Gold, and Silver amongst the People, which is some benefit to them.

[Page 4]23. Also at the Creation of Noble-men, either of a Duke, Marquess, Earl, Viscount, or Baron, there is a Fee either of 5, 10, 15, or 20 Pounds, due to the Heraulds, for taking their Names, Sir-names, Qualities; blazoning their Arms, and assigning them Supporters: Which is set down, and depicted in the Book of Nobility. And at the creation of a Baronet, making a Banneret, and dubbing of Knight, a Fee of 20 or 40 Shillings falls to their share; for which they record them amongst the number of such wor­thy and honourable Persons, with the blazoning of his Arms, and vertuous qualities.

24. Also at the installing or admitance of any new Of­ficer into the King's Houshold, at their entrance into the same, the Heraulds have a certain Fee, according to the quality of the Person, and Office. And if the King please to enoble any Person; or that inferior Men, by their Ver­tue, Learning, Valour, or any Industry, do attain to Ho­nour or Magestracy; then a Fee accordingly of 10 or 20 l. is payable to them, for confirmation or granting such Coats of Arms, and regestring them amongst the Gentry of that Shire, or Province, he or they live in.

25. But the Kings of Arms their principal Fees are those of the visitations of their Provinces; that is once in 20 or 30 years at the most, they ride through their part of the Kingdom assigned to them; where (in certain places most convenient) they summon in all the Gentry, as Baronets, Knights, Esquires, Gentlemen, and Free-holders, (or any whom he pleaseth to call before him) there to give an ac­count unto them of their Family, Matches, Issues, Coats of Arms belonging to them, and their Title, as Esquire, Knight, &c. all which is registred or recorded, in a Book called the Visitation-Book for such and such a County, ta­ken at such a time. For which regestring, traveling Ex­pences, and entertaining all his Visiters, the Kings of Arms, and his Marshal, demands from every Gentleman, 25 s. an Esquire, 35 s. a Knight or Baronet, 55 s. All which being summed up through the Kingdom, will amount to such a value, as may sustain them, with good husbandry, till the next Visitation; but that is seldom twice in one King at Arms's life-time.

26. Also at the death of every Gentleman, who was in­terr'd with Funeral Escochions, or with Trophies of Honour, according to his degree; then the Heraulds had a Fee, be­sides their Blacks, and travelling Expences, of 12 d. a Mile: Which Fees were anciently 20 s. for a Knight or Lady, 13 s. 4 d. an Esquire, 6 s. 8 d. a Gentleman, 5 s. a Gen­tlewoman, and 3 s. 4 d. a Citizen in Office, who was not a Gentleman of Blood, but enobled by his Office and Place in the Corporation. Which said Sums the Heraulds received from the Heirs of the Defunct, or his Executors; for which said Fees, the Heraulds are to take a Certificate (under their hands) of the time of the Persons Decease, place of his Burial, his Age, who he married, and when, what Issue he had, and the Coat of Arms of his Family; and to enter the same in a Book of Record, for benefit of Posterity: Called the Certificate-Book, for such a part, or County, of the Province.

27. But the Lords Commissioners, for regulating of the Court-Marshal, and for the better support and mainte­nance of the Heraulds, did in the year 1618, order a lar­ger Fee for them, as a Gentleman, 3 l. 6 s. 8 d. an Esquire, 6 l. 13. s. 4 d. a Knight, or Lady 10 l. a Baronet and a Banneret, 13 l. 6 s. 8 d. of every Baron and Baroness, 25 l. of every Bishop 25 l. of every Viscount and Viscountess, 30 l. of every Earl and Countess, 35 l. of every Marquess and Marchioness, 40 l. of every Duke and Dutchess, 45 l. and of every Arch-Bishop, 45 l. which Sums were after­wards taken of by the Parliament, in the year 1640, as an oppression of the Gentry, and Subjects of En [...]land; the Heraulds now being content with their ancient Fees, with what more addition they can get, and what the nobleness of the Gentry, as a free Gift, are willing to pay.

28. There were also, in former time, when Combates, Tilts, and Tournayments were in use; and upon all Mar­shal, and warlike Affairs, certain Fees due to the Heraulds: But as they are ceased, so the Fees are lost with them. However, in short, take them as my Author delivers them, Theat. lib. 1. cap. 4. fol. 33. In the days of Tournays and Combates, the Combatants stood obliged to give to the Heraulds all that fell to the Ground, and all that was car­ried between the two Lists, during the Combate, (except the Book whereon the Challengers and Defendants took their Oaths); after the Combate is ended, the Victor is to give a Largesse, that is to say, casts the Herauld a Crown, or more in Gold, or Silver: Also all the Arms and Orna­ments of the vanquished, belong to the Officers of Arms, and the Lists likewise, with the Chairs, and the Cup wherein the Combatants drink to each other, with Horse, Armour, Arms, Plumes, Bards, Chaufrains, Caparisons, and other Ornaments of War: And whatsoever is desired to be redeemed, by either party, is to pay the Herauld the just value of them.

See more of this Subject concerning Heraulds, of their Name, Antiquity, Creation, Number, Office, Colledg, Priviledges and Fees: In these Authors,

• Thomas Gore, in his Catalogue of all the Authors both in Latine, French, Italian, Spanish, German, and English, which have written of Heraulds and their Office, chap. 2.
• Elias Ashmole, of the Institution, Laws and Ceremonies, of the Knights of the Garter, chap. 8. sect. 4.
• Edw. Bishe, in his Notes upon Nich. Vpton, p. 28, 29, 30.
• Tho. Blount, his Glossographia, or Dictionary of hard Words, in the Word [ Herauld.]
• Edw. Chamberloin, in the second part of the present State of England.
• Sir Edward Cook, in the fourth part of his Institutions, chap. 17.
• Edmund Plowden, his Comments, or Reports, fol. 12. b.
• Iames Salter, in Cal [...]ope's Cabinet opened, p. 48.
• Iohn Stow, his Annals of England, fol. 11, 12, and 584.
• Iohn Weever, his Funeral Monuments, fol. 661, to 688.
• Matthew Carter, in his Analysis of Heraulds, p. 131, &c.
• Andrew Favine, in his Theatre of Honour and Knight­hood, lib. 1. cap. 4.
• Thomas Mills, de nobilitate politica vel civili, fol. 154▪ 155, 156.

With many more quoted by these Authors.

Names of Shields.

2. THE Latines gave several Denominations to Tar­gets, Shields and Bucklers, according to their use; as,

• Albosia, Shields or Targets.
• Clypeus, a Shield, Target, or Buckler, used by the Footmen only: So termed from its painting and engraving.
• Scutum, is also a Target or Shield, used especially for an Horseman.
• Ancile, a Shield without Corners.
• Pelta, a Target, or Buckler, like an half-moon, used by Footmen.
• Cetra, is a light Target, whereof the Poet maketh men­tion: Levam cetra tegit.
• Parma, is also a Target, or Buckler, which Footmen use.

But the English give the name Target (or Tergate, as some write it) from the British word Tarian; and the French Thiros which as Pausanius saith, is the Buckler in use amongst the old Gauls.

3. An Escochion is the form or representation of a Shield, and is so called from the Latin word Scutum, which hath the same signification: Also the Target is not unaptly deduced from the word, T [...]rgus, a Beast Hide, whereof at first Shields were made, or covered; upon which in after Ages, every Warrier had a device drawn by which he might be known, and this he called his Coat of Arms.

Shields of what anciently made.

4. Shields, or Bucklers, at first were made of Osi­ers, or Twigs woven together, and then covered: Sometimes they were made of Wood, or the large Scales of Beasts, or Fish, as of the Rhinoceros, the Tortois, and such like. But they most commonly were made of raw Oxe Hides, or pieces of Leather doubled, (as Ovid saith); for Ajax had a seven-fold Buckler, and that Achilles had one was ten, and that done over with Brass besides: As also elsewhere he describes a Target, duo taurea terga; they were made of two Oxe Hides. Whereupon Pliny saith, Tergus ad scuta galeasque imp [...]netrabile, an impe­netrable Hide fit to make a Shield. And the Poet Statius saith, Caesis clypos vestire juventis, that with Bullocks Hides they clad their Shields. The Carthagenians were wont to make their Targets of beaten Gold.

The several sorts of Shields of Arms.

5. IT is a common Saying, in relation to our first Pa­rents, in the contempt of Shields, Arms, and Gen­try: That

Albeit there doth from thence arise no degrees of Gentry, and Noble-Blood, or Coat-Armour, as our Armourists, Ferne and Gwilliam set [...] forth, viz. from the Sp [...]de and Spindle: Yet from thence we may gather the Antiquity, the Forms and Fashions of Shields and Targets; which was the first degree, and from whence Nobility did arise.

I. Adam's Spade then we must set down for the first and most ancient form of a Shield, whose bottom sheweth the making of an Escochion, being a Fosile.

II. Eve's Spindle, being the form of a Fusil, is the se­cond sort of Shield, by which mankind is generally saved, and preserved from the furious strokes of Frost, Snow, and cold Winds. Now, as these two plead antiquity above all others, so they continue to this day for the same defence, and without which neither Prince nor People can be in safety. For saith Solomon, Eccles. 5.8. & Prov. 31.19, 21, 22, 23. The King is maintained by the Spade; and the Spindle pricureth the Womans honour: Perhaps to denote that Mans Atchievements is to be gained in the Field, be­cause he was formed there; and the Honour of Woman to be at Home, she being formed in Paradice.

III. But those Shields pertaining to War, this third Fi­gure is presented to us for the ancientest fashion; of which the Poets make mention in this wise: King Phocus had three Daughters, Medusa, Stena, and Euriale. Neptune God of the Sea, committed Adultery with Medusa in the Temple of Minerva; who in revenge thereof turned the Adulteress into an ugly monsterous shape, and her golden Hair into loathsom Serpents: Minerva yet seeking farther revenge, sought by all means how she might take away this Monsters life, gave a Christal Shield to her Lieutenant Perseus, the Paladian Knight, wherewith when he had slain the horrible Gorgon Medusa, consecrated the same Shield to the Goddess Pallas. This Shield (the very pat­tern whereof is presented to your Eye) was taken out of the City of Troy, about the Year of the World 1774, and before the Birth of Christ 1189 years.

This Goddess Pallas, taught to the Libians all things ap­pertaining to War: So that I take her to be the Goddess of Herauldry and Arms.

IV. This is by some Authors supposed (nay set down) to be the true form of Minerva's Shield which she gave to Perseus: But whether so or not, I will not dispute it, how­ever they may be taken one for the other, as having a near resemblance.

V. It is written of one Asterial, the Father of Olibion, who made a Target or Shield for his Son, when he war­red against the cursed Seed of Ham, who greatly troubled them, this Shield was made of an Olive-tree after this form, two corners above his Face, and one to the ground­ward, in token that he was the chief of the Blood of the three Sons of Noah: This Shield was used some hundreds of years after the Deluge.

VI. This is the form of the Shield used by the People that now inhabit Mesopotamia, otherwise of the French­men called Dier-bechias: They of old have used this fa­shion of Shields, which (is thought) was from the Trojans. It was brought into England, by the Ancestors of us Eng­lish-men, when they came out of Germany into Britain; which was about the year of our Lord 450, as Verstegan, in his Book of Antiquities, pag. 117. maketh mention: These People were descended of Gomar, whose Posterity used it as in the Figure before.

VII. This is a kind of Target used by the Catelines, whose Leader was that worthy Captain Catulus that sub­dued the Cimbrians, which was 10 years before the Birth of Christ: This noble man reproved Silla, for killing of a 1000 Prisoners (when he had given them their Lives in the Battle); saying with whom shall we live, if in War we kill the armed, and in Peace the unarmed: The People of the Isle of Sardinia used Shields of this fashion, who hardned them so by art, that they were impenetrable by Sword or Lance.

VIII. The round fashioned Shield, we read of in Holy Scripture, 1 King. 10.16, 17. that King Solomon caused to be made 300 of beaten Gold; 600 Shekels of Gold ment to the making of one Target: Which Targets or Shields were taken away from Ierusalem in the first year of Rehoboam, by Shishak King of Egypt, when he took the City of David; instead of which Shields King Rehobiam made Shields of Brass, 1 King. 14.25, 26, 27. The old Bri­tains used Shields after this form, and was of them called Parma, (quia a m [...]io in omnes partes [...]it par) being equal in all parts from its Center, like a Buckler.

King David furnished a Tower with a 1000 of them, and depicted the Arms and Devices of Princes on them; as Sir Iohn Ferne testifieth, in Lac. n [...]bil. pag. 76. which round form, is in Blazon called a Roundset, which is a mark of better Dignity than some take it to be.

IX. Shields of this fashion were used by the People inha­biting the Isle of Sardinia, called Sardalaries: This People did, by art, so harden their Shields (which were made of the wood of Saunders) that they could neither be cut with Swords, nor pierced with any Spea [...] or Lance what­soever.

X. This is that kind of Shield, which belonged to the most renowned Prince, Edward Prince of Wales; whose Tomb is in the goodly Cathedral Church of Canter [...]u [...]y, (as saith Mr. Bolton in his Elements of Armory, pag. 67.) there (with his quilted Coat-Armour, with its half-Sleeves, tabered fashion, and his triangular Shield, both of them painted with the Royal Arms of England) hangs this kind of Pavis or Target, curiously emboss'd, and painted with the Escocheon of the Arms of England in the midst there­of, which I omit and only give you the bare shape and form of the Shield of this victorious Black-Prince, for so was he commonly called: He died 1376.

XI. This is also another kind of Shield, used by the aforesaid Sardinians, spoken of in the ninth form of Shields.

XII. This kind of Shield was used by the Ancestors of the aforesaid Edward the Black-Prince; as Will [...]am the Conqueror, William Rufus, and Stephen Kings of Eng­land, as our Chronoligers and Antiquaries testify, who lived in and about the years 1066, and 1200, it may be called an Oval-Escochion Shield.

I find the Description of another such-like Shield as this, in Speed's Chron. fol. 455. only it was not so round at the [Page]

[Page 8] top, but flat and then comes with a turning instead of the two Corners: It was much used about King Henry the Second's dayes, Anno 1175.

XIII. This Shield was used by that valiant Captain An­tonius, a brown man of colour, and very hardy, and of an undaunted Spirit; who married the famous Cleopatra that Royal Queen of Egypt. Amongst other of his victo­ries he took the King of Armenia, and tyed him in bands and fetters of Silver. He lived about the year of the worlds Creation 3900.

XIIII. This Shield hath a near resemblence to the pre­sident before, which was used by Antonius. Shields of this fashion were in use in Asia and the Eastern parts of the world; But when or where my Author is silent.

XV. This Shield may pass for a Couzen removed to the two next figures of Shields followi [...]g it, Being likewise (as is by some Authors) supposed to be another kind of Shield used by the Coribants. For it may not be thought, that all the People of one Kingdom had all their Shields and Bucklers alike, but that there may be some variation; as we may see by theirs in the Roman Empire.

Note, Here the Engraver hath omitted the figures 16, and 17. so that I must begin the next form of Shields at 18.

XVIII. This is a form of Shield which is near 3999 years since it was first used; for Iasius who was King of Italy, had a Son that succeeded him called Coribant, he called his People after his own name Coribants, who used these kind of Shields with two Darts; and by the strength of their Arms would cast them very violently.

XIX. This form of Shield was used by the Cimbrians, Ambrians, and the Teutons, which came to inhabite the west parts of Italy. Iustus Lipsius hath delivered it upon his credit, that this is the true Portraicture of those kind of Shields: And besides this his Testimony, we do find upon the ancient Roman Monies this Impression of a Gim­brian Pavis or Target; which shape answers Virgil's De­scription of the Gallick's Shields, in this his three quarter verse,

XX. The Romans used their Shields in the form of O­vals, much after this manner; and the Inhabitants of China, do display their tokens of Honour and Arms, in Shields or Escochions, made after this manner; as Marcus Velserus, a learned and principal Gentleman of Auspurg hath declared for an absolute Truth. The like hath one Iosephus Acasta diligently noted, that the Nobility and Gentry of Mexico and Peru, ha [...]e their Arms in Escochi­ons after the form of an Oval [...] which gives us to under­stand that the Shields heretofore used by them, were after the same fashion.

XXI. The Romans in their Barriers, and Plays, had Shields and Bucklers after this form: As Iustus Lipsius, in his Saturnalium Sermonum, l [...]b. 2. cap. 4. relateth, and is there by figures (in Copper Cuts) expressed.

XXII. This form of Shield, as Authors say, was used at the Siege of Troy, by the Trojan Horsemen that then were clad all in Mail-Coats, having one of these Targets fixed before their Breasts somewhat toward the left Shoul­der. In the Raign of Numa King of the Romans, there fell a Shield out of the Air, which is said to be a Shield without Corners, so that I cannot discern (saith Leigh, pag. 20.) but it might be after this form and fashion.

XXIII. This form of Shield, I find by some Writers to be used by the aforesaid Trojans; and also by the Ro­mans in their Saturnal Sports: As I. Lipsius, lib. 2. cap. 21. describeth them.

XXIV. This form of Target is much between the two former, and was given me by an Acquaintance, a lover of Herauldry; but no time mentioned by him when, or by what kind of People used.

XXV. This form of Shield appertained to Iohn of Gaunt, the King of Castile; and Lion Duke of Lancaster, &c. who was third Brother to the most victorious Edward the Black-Prince, eldest Son to King Edward the Third.

This honourable Shield hangs at the Tomb of the said Duke, in St. Paul's in London, (as Dugdale's History of St. Paul's testifieth, fol. 90.) and Mr. Boltin in his Elements of Armory, pag. 68. where 'tis very exactly drawn out for the benefit of future Ages.

XXVI. This form of Shield is far different from any of the former, and was found engraven in the Column of Antonius, at Rome; which Column was raised long before Constantine the Great was born, which is now near 1378 years: Which shews it to be of great antiquity and stand­ing. Iustus Lipsius (as saith Mr. Bolton, pag. 148.) think­eth that the Souldier which beared this Shield was a Cap­tain, and Commander of a Legion, being made out of two parts: And his reason was, because an Eagle display'd having two Heads was figured upon the same, signifying that two parts of Eagles seemed (as it were) to be joined in one entire Body; or two broken Legions made into one.

XXVII. This was the fashion of the Shield, depicted by the Saxon's God of Battle, named Woden; who was whilst he lived, a most valiant and victorious Prince, and Cap­tain of the ancient Teutonicks, inhabiting a part of Germa­ny; who after his Death erected his Image in honour of him, which like to other Heathenish People they adored as a God, and our fourth day of the Week, they called by his name Wodens-day, now Wednesday, dedicating it to his Service; (as Verstegan, pag. 72. relateth) which by com­putation of time is above 1800 years since.

XXVIII. This is the Shield of Osyris, otherwise named Iupiter King of Egypt, which for antiquity is not inferiour to any; for this Osyris lived not many years after Noah's Flood, in whose time this kind of Target, and the other following were invented, (as my Author Diodorus Siculus tells) which is from this time near 3800 years.

XXIX. This was the shape of the Shield of that valiant Souldier Anubis, Son of Osyris, sirnamed Iupiter the Iust, of the Off-spring of Ham the cursed Son of Noah: Which said Osyris (as the aforesaid Author saith) being plentiful of Children, and by reason of the Curse fallen upon his Fa­ther, was banished from the blessed Tents of Shem and Ia­phat, and constrained to win himself and Children a dwel­ling place, in which War this form of Target was used, on which were painted signs and figures of Birds, Fish, and Beasts, or what the bearer pleased, and thought best to fit his Estate and Condition: Which signs were after called Arms. This form of Target by ancient Bla­zoners was called a Sarcote, but upon what grounds I know not.

XXX. In the time of Numa Pampilius this form of Shield was used, (the Story take thus) in his time there hap­pened a contagious Sickness amongst the R [...]mans, which no Sacrifice could remove; and at that time there fell a cer­tain [Page 9] brazen Target, or Escochion (called in Latin Aenea pelta, or Ancile, big at both ends (after this form) and cut like a half Moon on both sides) from Heaven into Numa's Hand, with a certain Voice, promising all Health to Rome so long as they could keep that safe, &c. Read the far­ther prosecution of the Story in Goodwin's Antiquities of Rome.

XXXI. This Shield is in fashion like those used by the Greeks at the Siege of Troy; and was also in after Ages used by them, and among the Morisco Horsemen: Which is born by them in such sort that it is a good defence for their Bodies, for it guardeth the Breast, and left Side, with the Head and Shoulders, which generally lies most open to the assaults of an Enemy.

XXXII. This is another fashion of the Morisco Targets, and is for likeness as the aforesaid, only this difference, that being a kind of a half round, this flat or straight.

XXXIII. This is said to be the Roman Souldier's Foot­men's Shield (as some give it forth) but I rather take them to be the Shields of the Knights Templers: And so I have seen several of their Monuments with Shields of this man­ner of form on their Arm, and before their Breast, bending as it were half round. See Weever's Funeral Monuments [...]or the Diocess of London.

XXXIII.* Though Shields were at first used by Horse­men, yet since their first Invention, they have been much used by Footmen, which were made of a longer size, than Horsemen could well manage; for short ones were best for them, and long for Footmen: Which did contain near six foot long, and two foot in breadth. For the largeness of these kind of Shields, we have many Examples in ancient Histories; for Sir Iohn Froysart, who writ of the great Bat­tle of Poicture, fought by the Flower of Chivalry, Edward, sirnamed the Black-Prince, who commanded the Body of the Lord Richard Duras should be laid on a Shield or Tar­get, and that five Men might bear the same to the Cardi­nal of Peregorth for a Present, &c. And in the latter end of the Raign of King Edward the Third, the Frenchmen to save themselves from the liberal Shot of the English Ar­chers, had Shields made of Elme-wood seven foot in length, and three in breadth, and an Inch in thickness, which were made sharp at the point to pitch into the Ground. Yet Mr. Bolton is of Judgment that the Shields there spoken of, were of the shape and fashion of the 10 th Figure in the Copper Plate, before shewed. But for the largeness of Shields several Histories make mention (as witnesseth that of Alexander the Great) for his Shield was so great, that it served him instead of a Boat, to carry him over a great River, when he went against the puissant King Poru [...].

XXXIV. This form of Shield I found drawn in an old Manuscript, written about 200 years since, but by whom it was used or first invented, I find nothing: Yet (in my Author's Judgment) it is not inferiour to any for the defence of the whole Body, either being on Horse-back or on Foot; for the top is (like the Bever of an Helmet) with holes through, to see how to offend an Enemy, or defend his own Body: Likewise the bottom is so contrived, that the Bearer may either set his Foot forward or backward to his best advantage, and yet be a sure guard and defence for those parts.

XXXV. And XXXVI. These were Shields used by the ancient Romans, and were first invented (as Iust. Lipsius, l. 1. c. 8. and others believe) for their exercise in their Sa­turnal Sports and Plays; and after used for defence against their Enemies, both in Battles, single-Deuels, and Com­bates: The latter whereof they took much delight in, ne­ver accounting him a Man worthy of Honour, 'till he had vanquished or slain one in single Combate.

XXXVII. This is also another fashion of a Target, used by the aforesaid Romans, and is described to us by I. Lipsi­us, l. 1. c. 8. in his Saturnalium Sermonum, with Figures also of them engraven on Copper Plates: Beside him, if any one desire further satisfaction herein, and of their Laws, Sports, and Exercises in Feats of Arms, with their divers sorts of Weapons: They may peruse the Book entituled, The History of the Roman Customs.

XXXVIII. This sort of Shield was of no small account amongst the Romans, whereas it hath a rebatement on the one side of it, so was it their use and custom to rebate it (ac­cording as the Warrier was either right or left handed) on that side as was most suitable thereunto, and this they did only by altering of the Handle, and Arm-stay, on the back­side of it; as is seen in the 63 d and 61 st Figures on the Plate belonging to this Chapter.

XXXIX. This form of Shield, is of the Latin [...]s called Tesserae, and at this day (using the French Term) we call the same a Lozenge, which Word (of Latin) doth signify any thing four-square, being born with the two sharpest points, one above, and another beneath: But this fashion of Shield was long agoe out of all use in Wars, because of the unfitness of its service, it being the least and worst of all Shields, for a Souldier's use, either to offend his Enemy, or defend himself.

Therefore it is set a-part, and allowed only for Maids, Heir-trixes, Co-Heirs, and Widdows; also to Women de­scended of Noble-Blood, that on them they may set forth the Arms and Ensigns of the Houses they proceeded from: Women being a Sex unfit for War or Battle, of whom we shall speak more hereafter.

XL. This is the fashion of the Chinense's Shield, being a long square; with which, a Dart, and Curtle-Axe, they hold themselves well armed: And this is used altogether in the whole Empire of China.

XLI. This form of Shield is used by the People of, and about, the Friggid Zone; called the Ice-land and Lap-land People: And beside that for the defence of the Body, a­gainst the shot of the Enemies Arrows (for in those places Shooting is altogather in use) they served also for other pur­poses; for they are made after such a manner, that they will transport the Bearer over a River, Pond, or any other place of Water.

XLII. This form of Shield, I find was used by some of those Roman Legion Souldiers, which lived in the time of King Herod, who under the Roman Empire, exercised power and authority over Iudea, and the unbelieving Jews, whom God cast off to the hardness of their own Hearts: This Herod lived in the time of our Saviour's being upon Earth. And also in the first Persecution of the Church of Christ, in his Members the Apostles and Disciples, which is from this time, near 1680 years.

XLIII. This is the form of the Shield used by the Indi­ans and Moores, a rude and barbarous People on the bor­ders of Asia and Africa; and is to this day used by them, they being as yet but little acquainted with the Gun: Their fighting is with Swords, Darts and Arrows. This kind of Shield is four-square, but made after such a manner, that it turns half round, as if it were a defence only for the Breast, and no more.

[Page 10]On Squares, especially in quartered Coats of a Family, we of the western parts of the World, do depict or paint our Coats of Arms.

XLIV. This is another sort of Shield, I am informed doth belong to the Indians; and especially to him that is of any authority among them, as being their Head or su­pream Governour. Whether this be so I dare not averr; but this sufficient Authors affirm, that the Amazonian Wo­men, in imitation of Diana, the Goddess, or Patroness of Women, were armed with Moon-like Shields, and were buried under Lozenge Monuments.

XLV. This is a form of Shield used by the Inhabi­tants of the Island of Iapan, in America, as Historians do inform.

XLVI. This is the shape and fashion of the Shields used by the Inhab [...]tants of the West-Indies, or Guinny-Islands.

XLVII. This form of Shield (as I was informed) be lon [...]ed to the Knights-Templers; but the truth thereof I will not verify: Because I have seen Monuments of Knights-Templers, whose Shields are much after the man­ner of the English Foot-men's, described in the Plate, un­der the two 33 Figures; only this difference, that the Knights-Templers were half round, and the English and French Shields were straight.

These three foregoing Targets were shewed me by a Traveller, and a gather of Rareties, who lived near Fox-Hall, over against Westminster in South-warck; (with ano­ther Shield like to the 31 st Figure in the Plate) which he said was also another form of Shield belonging to the Knights-Templers. But by his favour, in this, I shall not take his Word.

XLVIII. This kind of Shield, I find fixed on the Monu­ment of Mahomet the great Emperour of Turkey, who was the greatest Scourge to Christendom of all that had been before him; for he subdued Mentesia, Pera, Peleponesus, and Castria, wone Constantinople, overcame Cra [...]a, took O [...]r [...]n [...]o, and so going against the Caranianian King, died: To whose Memory, they of his Empire erected a Monu­ment, by whose Side this kind of Shield was placed, (with a great Battle-Axe in his Hand) having thereon the Arms of his said Empire: Which was done in the year 1481. But whether this was a Shield used by him, or the fancy of the Workman, I leave others to judge.

XLIX. This is also the Shield of Tamberlain Emperour of T [...]rtaria, called the Wrath of God, and Terrour of the World: He overthrew, and took Prisoner, Ba [...]azet, the Great Emperour of the S [...]razens and Turks, whose Army con­sisted of 100000 Men, and shut him up in an Iron Cage. He also conquered Mesopotamia, Babylon, and the King­dom of Persia. He died, as some affirm, in the year 1402. After whose death his Statue was erected, with this Shield by his left Side, and a Trunchion in his right Hand. But (as to the former Shield) so to this, a question may be made, whether such an one was used by him, or only the Invention of the Cutter? If so, then the shapes and forms of Shields, Targets, and Bucklers, would be as many as Ca [...]vers, Stone-cutters, Engravers, and Painters please: the variety whereof it is imposs [...]ble to describe, neither is it my intention, but only give such forms as have been in use by People and Nations, as they have been delivered to us by good Authors, and Men of credit.

L. This represents the form of Shields for Footmen, be­fore described, Numb. 33. * save this hath an oval-like hollowness, or vacancy on the right side of it; through which, I suppose, the Archer had a liberty to send forth his Arrow, or Souldier to manage his Spear: These were used by the ancient Saxons in their Wars near 1000 years since.

LI. This form of Shield, I had out of Mr. Morgan's Sphere of the Gentry, l. 3. fol. 54. which he tells me is a form of Pelta, or a Shield gathered out of old and decay­ed Monuments: Et laeva Ancile gerabat, according to Vir­gil's Aen. lib. 9.

LII. This (as the French Armorist informs me) was a kind of Target used by the ancient Romans: But this I take to be a Workman's device, as well as many others, which were never really in use for War.

LIII. Mr. Dugdale in his Description of Warwick-shire, fol. 434. gives me the form of this Shield, which was taken from a Monument, in a Glass-Window, in the Church of Compton-Murdack, with these Arms, Gules besantee a Canton Ermin: Which Glass-Window shews great antiquity, even to the time of Edward the third, above 300 years old.

LIV. This is the form of the Shield of the Earl of Flan­ders, as is described by Peter Balthazar, in the Lives and Genealogies of the Earls of Flanders, fol. 67. where he sets down the Effigies (with this shape of Shield) belonging to Baldwin de Bonnaire, the seventh Earl, who lived about the year 1006.

LV. This is a form of Target, which is set forth by a French Armourist, to be the Shield of Sir Bruor le Noir, one of the Knights of the Round-Table, to King Arthur of Britain, above 1100 years since.

To the aforesaid fifty five, may be added these two, which I took out of Sir Iohn Fern's Glory of Generosity, p. 154, 155. which he presents there as an ancient form of a Shield.

This (by old Heraulds) was termed a Tabard, a kind of Shield resembling or re­presenting a Garment, which in old times was worn of the Female Sex: And in that form of Shield it was thought fit that Wo­men should have their Coats of Arms de­picted.

And here I shall conclude the forms and fashions of Shields, with the advice of Sir Iohn Ferne, in his Lacies Nobility, p. 76. (though Leigh makes but 9 fashions, and I have produced 57.) Yet I am not so wedded to that opi­nion as to think there is no more, for there is no Kingdom, People, or Country, but they have their several forms and fashions: So that for 57 we may reckon up fifty times fifty seven; for as Men have altered in their civil Apparel or Vestures, so have they in all Ages, as phantastically, in their forms of Shields, Targets, Bucklers, and Esco­chions.

6. These foresaid Shields, or the most of them, which were used by the private Souldiers, were generally plain, without any Work or Embossments, till by their Swords they had meritted some Honour, whereby they were ad­vanced to higher places; then had they devices, and [...] ­kens of Honour bestowed upon them by their Soveraign [Page 11] the General, or his Vice-Roy: Which token they bore on their Shields, as a reward of their adventurous and noble Acts, which being continued by their Successors; at length became Hereditary.

7. Notwithstanding I have seen Shields of that form and make, as have by Plates, Studds, Embossments, with o­ther curious sorts of Workmanship made upon them, both in Steel and Brass, as hath made them look very lovely in the Beholder's Eyes; as the examples shewed by these fol­lowing Figures in the Plate.

LVI. All which doth manifest, how Shields (which had no Device, or Coat of Arms de­picted on them) were adorned in former time.

LVII. All which doth manifest, how Shields (which had no Device, or Coat of Arms de­picted on them) were adorned in former time.

LVIII. All which doth manifest, how Shields (which had no Device, or Coat of Arms de­picted on them) were adorned in former time.

LIX. All which doth manifest, how Shields (which had no Device, or Coat of Arms de­picted on them) were adorned in former time.

LX. All which doth manifest, how Shields (which had no Device, or Coat of Arms de­picted on them) were adorned in former time.

LXI. All which doth manifest, how Shields (which had no Device, or Coat of Arms de­picted on them) were adorned in former time.

How Shields were used for a Souldiers Defence.

8. EVery Shield had upon the back-side of it a double buckled Leather, through which they put the Arm and the Hand, which kept it stedfast to the Arm; and so, through the active use of the Shoulder and Elbow, it was managed too and fro according to pleasure: Those Shields or Targets which had double stays for the Arm and Hand were for Horse-men; but such as had only one [...]andle were Bucklers for Foot-men. As the Figures doth mani­fest.

LXII. Foot-men's Bucklers with one Handle.

LXIV. Foot-men's Bucklers with one Handle.

LXIII. Horsemen's Shields with two Stays:

LXV. Horsemen's Shields with two Stays:

And these Shields and Bucklers thus supported, were by the Bearers thereof so managed, that by the skill and dex­terity of the Souldier, he was able to ward and defend his whole Body from all the Blows of his Enemy. Blows be­ing over it was cast upon the Back, where it hung by a Lea­ther Girdle.

Of the Colours of Shields.

9. THey were for the most part of one Colour (if they were plain); and the reason thereof was, that till some Feats of Chivalry were performed, Devices were not to be put thereon: And that they were before that time of one Colour is apparent from ancient History. For King Solomon made 200 Targets of beaten Gold; and that 600 Shekels of Gold went to one Target: And also that he made 300 Shields of beaten Gold, and that three pound of Gold went to each Shield, 1 King. 10.16, 17. These were Scuta, Escochions, or Targets for Horse-men; and the latter Pelta, or Bucklers for Foot-men: As Boswell in his Armory of Ho­nour, pag. 19. explains it.

10. Alexander the Great (as Iustin writeth) in a certain triumphant Journey of his, bestowed Shields of white Plate upon his Souldiers. In the Prophecy of Nahum, amongst the Books of Holy Scripture, it is said, Nah. 2.3. that The Shields of the Mighty are become Red. And our Saxon Ancestors used to cover their Shields with tann'd Hides, which are generally of reddish Colour.

11. We find also that the Grecians used Russet Shields; the People of Lucania, in Italy, had their Shields wrought of Osiers or Twiggs, and covered over with Leather. It was the manner of the Scythians, Medes, and Persians, to have their Shields of red Colour, to the end that the effu­sion of their Blood should not easily be discovered (when they received any Wound) either to the discouragment of themselves, or animating of their Enemies. Moreover, they used Scarlet, and red Colours in their Military Gar­ments, and Shields, to the end they might thereby strike the greater terrour and astonishment into the Hearts of their Enemies.

12. I find in a Note worthy of credit among the Arms of several Nobles and Gentlemen that attended on King Henry the First (in his expedition that he made into the parts of Scotland, to the Siege of Kalaverock) that one Eumenius de la Brect, did bear in his Shield only Gules.

To bear nothing in a Shield is now accounted dishonour­able, though the Heraulds of old were esteemed ingenious that gave the Field Sable to Gown-men; the Field Gules to them in favour, rich, and honourable: The Field Argent to Divines and Innocent Persons. So the plainer the Coat, the nearest Antiquity; the simpler the form, the more gentile the Person.

13. Yet after Ages conceived it convenient, by outward marks, signs or tokens, to be set on Shields, thereby not only to distinguish the Bearers thereof as well one from a­nother, but also to denote the Honour and Quality of the Person bearing it.

14. Our ancient Britains (besides other their Ensigns) had their Shields painted Blew: Perhaps (and as some do conjecture) because the Isle is invironed with the like co­loured Ocean. So were the Shields of the German Ar [...]i (as witnesseth Cornelius Tacitus) painted Black.

15. And that this general way of bearing Shields of one Colour, was not only to the Souldiers, but we r [...]ad of se­veral chief Commanders, who had their Shields of one Colour, not putting any Device thereon, till by their Va­lour they had merited the same.

16. The King of Portugal (as saith Andreas Rescendius) wore nothing at first but a white Flag, till by reason of a Victory obtained against five Morisco Kings, the five Es­cochions Azure were by King Alphonso added. So that Auristamb, that was so much admired by the French, was but of one colour, a square red Syndon Banner, which was thought to have been sent from Heaven, to lead the French Hoast: As the Shield at Rome, for staying of the Plague.

17. Likewise the Arms of Ara [...]on, as they were said to be long since, was only a Field Or: Not charged with four Pallets as now it is blazoned, which happened at such time as one of the Kings thereof dipped his Fingers in the Blood of a new slain Sarazen. (Or as others say) Lewis the Emperour, in the Wounds of Conde de Barcelona, fighting on his part against the Normans, ennobled that yel­low Standard, by drawing upon it those bloody marks which now it hath.

18. So we read of Helenor, described by Virgil, to wear a white Shield, till he had atchieved some honourable Note to put upon it. So Agripas had his Banner of an Azure Colour, being given him for a symbolical Argu­ment of Manhood, shewed at Sea. So also was the Ban­ner of Navarr all Red, and (as it is said) continued so till Sanchez le Fort King thereof, who added those golden Or­naments which now do shine therein. Also Simon the [Page 12] High-Priest of the Iews, sent with Numenius a Shield of great value to the Romans, to confirm the League of Friendship between them, which contained 1000 pound in weight. It may be probably conjectured that there was no Portraicture thereon, in that there is no mention of it.

19. Also all the Seiges of Tamberlain the Great, he ne­ver used any Flags but of White or Red; but these we must not take to be Coats of Arms, but Flags of Truce, or Signs of bloody War: Neither can a plain Field be called a Coat of Arms, without extream abuse of Speech; more than a plain piece of Wax, a Seal; or a Sheet of unwritten Paper, a Letter. But we must hold such things (as them of one colour) as Plato did of his Abrase Ta­bles, to be fit and capable of any Form: And till the re­ceiving of such Forms, we must account them as rude and improprious things.

The Significations of the Colours used in Arms.

20. THE Signification, and Names by which each Colour is distinguished, is first by Mettle or Co­lour; the second by precious Stones: And thirdly, by Ce­lestial Planets, as the Examples following will demon­strate.

LXVI. Is the colour White, which is termed in Blazon Argent; derived from the Latin Word Argentum, Sil­ver: And by the precious Stone, is understood by Pearl: And by the Planet, Luna. The colour White, resem­bleth the Light, and is by Scribonius thus defined, Albedo est color simplex, &c. White is a simple colour, and sub­ject to every stain, except great care be taken of those that wear or bear the same; for in Blazoning it betokeneth In­nocency, Cleanness of Life, and Chastity.

LXVII. Is the colour Red, and is termed Gules: By the precious Stone, Ruby: And by the Planet, Mars. This colour Vermilion, or Red, is the chief amongst colours, forasmuch as it representeth the Fire, which of all other Elements is the most lightsome, and approacheth nearest to the quality of the Sun: In regard whereof it was order­ed, that none should bear this colour but Persons of noble Birth and Rank, and Men of special Desert; for it signi­fyeth Dignity.

LXVIII. Is the colour Blew, and is termed Azure: By the precious Stone, Saphire: And by the Planet, Iu­piter. This colour Blew doth represent the Sky in a clear Sun-shining Day, when all Clouds are exiled. Iob speak­ing to the busy Searchers of God's Misteries, saith, Iob 11.17. That then shall the residue of their Lives, be as clear as the Noon-day. Which to the Judgment of Men (through the pureness of the Air) is of an Azure colour, or light Blew: And signifyeth Piety, and Sincerity.

LXIX. Is the colour Black, and is termed in Blazon by the Word, Sable; and is derived of the Latin Word Sabulum, which signifieth gross Sand, or Gravel, in re­spect of its heavy and earthy substance: The Blazon by precious Stones, is Diamond: And the Planet, Saturn. This colour Black, is contrary to White, having no par­ticipation with Light: And is by Scribonius thus defined, Nigrido est color in corpore, &c. For what thing soever there is, that hath either Life, Light, or Heat, if the same be once extinct, the thing it self forthwith becometh Black. This is said to be the colour of Horrour and Destruction; in which respect Mourning Garments are made of this co­lour, which signifieth and represents to us the horrour of Death and Corruption: As also Counsel and Antiquity.

LXX. Is the colour Green, and is termed by the Word, Uert, of Veridis; which signifies fresh and Green: By the precious Stone Emyrald: And the Planet, Venus. This colour Green, consisteth of Yellow and Blew, and is the first and principal of those mixt colours used in Herauldry. Which colour Gwilliam Terms, Colores medii, not being colours of themselves, but mixt of two Simples. It sig­nifieth Felicity and Pleasure.

LXXI. Is the colour Purpure, or Purple, and is termed in Blazon, Purpure: By the precious Stone, Amethist: And by the Planet, Mercury. The Purple colour is ano­ther mixt colour, and consisteth of much red, and a small quantity of black. Cassaneus saith, that these six colours White, Black, Red, Yellow, Blew and Green; being compounded and mixt together according to art and pro­portion, doth make a good Purple colour. This colour is by Ferne termed Plumby, (but this, and the two colours next nominated, being Murrey or Sanguine, and Tawny; are not in use in English Coats, but much used by the Dutch and French Gentry) it is, and in ancient time was, of that precious esteem, that none but Kings and Princes, and their Favourites, might be admitted to wear the same: As we may see, Dan. 5.16. 1 Mac. 10.20. For it signifieth Ho­nour and Dignity.

21. Sanguine or Murrey ▪ is a colour termed in Blazon, Sanguine: By the precious Stone, Sard [...]nyx: And the Star, Dragons Tail. It is a colour compounded of Red and Blew, a Princely colour, in high esteem amongst Men of great degree; and by some old Heraulds is termed Synamer. (As Sir I. Ferne, Glo. 147. saith) But being a colour not in use with us in England, I forbear to put it in the Plate.

22. Tawny or Orange colour, is in Blazon termed, Tenne: by the precious Stone, Iacynthe: And by the Star, Dragons Head. This is a colour of worship (and is in Glo. 147.) termed by some old Heraulds, Bruske: Being compounded of two bright colours, viz. much Yellow, and a little Red. This colour is much in use by the Dutch and German People, but being out of use with us, I do not set it down in the Plate.

LXXII. Is the colour Yellow, or Gold colour, and is termed by the Mettle, Or; derived from the Latin word Aur [...]m, Gold: By the precious Stone, Topaze: And the Planet, Sol. Because this excellent Mettle doth represent the colour of the glorious Sun; the possession thereof (as the Wiseman saith, Eccl. 20.29.) inchanteth the Heart of Fools, and blindeth the Eyes of the Wise. And therefore such is the worthyness of this colour, which doth resemble Gold, that (as Christine de Price saith) none ought to bear the same in Arms, but Emperours and Kings, and such as be of the Blood-Royal: Though now it is of more common use.

23. These are the colours (being six in number) whereof Fields ought to be made; but as for the Charges in the Fields, their colours may be sixty times six: For every thing that is born in a Coat of Arms, may be figured out in its proper and natural colour, which may be many and di­vers. And because for them we are allowed no terms of Blazon, therefore they are all comprehended under this word, Proper: As painted in its natural and proper co­lour.

Colours derived from them used in Herauldry.

Of the Worthiness of Colours.

34. IN the bearing of Arms, there are sundry degrees of the Worthyness thereof, and they are all of the Superlative Degree; As followeth,

• 1. Most Ancient.
• 2. Most Glittering.
• 3. Most Rich.
• 4. Most Fair.
• 5. Most Glorious.
• 6. Most Honourable.
• 7. Most Lovely.
• 8. Most Delightsome.

35. Now you shall understand, that that Field and Charge which consisteth of Black and White, that Coat is most Ancient: Because Light and Darkness, represented by White and Black, are the most ancient Colours of all others, and therefore are accounted more worthy than any in respect of their Antiquity.

[Page 14]36. When the Field and Charge is Gold and Green, it is esteemed most Glittering, taken from a Saying, in Eccl. 10.19. As the Smaradge that is set in Gold; so is the mirth of Musick, by the mirth of Wine. By which com­parison, you may see that Uert and Gold is very spright­ful, glittering and lively.

37. When the Field and Charge is Gold and Black, that Coat is esteemed most Rich; taken from the Dia­mond set in Gold, where the Mettle honoureth the Stone (which is black) and the Stone the Mettle; both which enricheth each other: So that these colours of all other are the most Richest.

38. When the Field and Charge is White and Red, that is of all colours accounted most Fair and Beautiful; because the same is so held, especially being well mixt in a Womans Face.

39. When the Field and Charge is Gold and Blew, it is most Glorious; for what is more transcendent in brightness and glory (within this visible World) than the shining Sun, in the Azury Firmament.

40. When the Field and Charge is Gold and Red, that Coat is esteemed most Honourable, or most Royal; as an Imperial Majesty, being dect in Scarlet, and adorned with the purest Gold of Op [...]ire.

41. When the Field and Charge is White and Blew, that is most Lovely: because when Aurora's Morning Cur­tains are dipt within that changeable Die, that day is most pleasant, lovely, and admired by the beholders.

42. When the Field and Charge is White and Green, that Coat is accounted ever most Delightsome; and that especially when Hyems hath cast away his Furr'd Gown, and Lady Ver begins to deck the Fields and Trees, with Leaves and Flowers: O then! How delightsome is it to see, and smell the same, when the Earth is of such a Hue.

43. I do confess, in one thing herein named, I do vary from Leigh, who terms Black and White most Fair, which I hold most Ancient: And I'le leave it to any Persons Judgment (for the Reasons therein said) whether is the most agreeable to Truth and Reason.

Of the Points of an Escochion.

44. BEfore you enter into the Rules of Blazoning, you must be informed what is an Escochion: And how many several Points are therein contained. For that end, view the 73 d Example in the Plate of this Chap­ter.

LXXIII. An Escochion is a triangular form, having two corners above, and one below; the Ancients did usually make it three corner'd, with a little swelling out of the Sides, much like the 5 th Figure: But our Modern He­raulds draw it streight down in the Sides, and then com­pass it to a Point in the bottom, like the 6 th Figure: Or else more round, as the 33 d *, and 50 th Figures in the Plate.

45. For the several points of the Escochion, I have by Letters set in the parts thereof, expressed the names given to each place. As,

• A, Signifieth the Dexter Chief Point.
• B, Signifieth the Precise middle Chief Point, or Chief Point.
• C, Signifieth the Sinister Chief Point.
• D, Signifieth the Fesse Point, or Honour Point.
• E, Signifieth the Dexter Base Point.
• F, Signifieth the Exact middle Base Point, termed the Base Point.
• G, Signifieth the Sinister Base Point.

46. The knowledg of these Points is very requisite, in respect, that when diverse of these Points are occupied, with sundry things of divers kinds and different natures (as oft-times it falleth out in some Escochions, and Coats of Arms) then you may be able thereby to assign unto each Charge, its apt Point, and peculiar Name, according to the dignity of his Place: For no Man can perfectly blazon any such Coat, unless he do rightly understand the parti­cular Points of the Escochion.

A E, Signifieth the Dexter Side of the Escochion.

C G, Signifieth the Sinister Side of the Escochion.

And that is mentioned only when the Charge doth oc­cupy, or is contained in the whole side of the Escochion.

47. Mr. Gwilliam and Leigh makes mention of other Points, which they call the Honour Point, above the Fesse Point: And the Nombril Point, under the Fesse Point. In place whereof, I have set * Stars, but give them no Names, because I hold them needless, and superfluous; and to burden the Memory with that as is of no concernmenment is troublesome. Therefore I have omit­ted them, holding no Point more deserving the Honour Point than the Fesse Point. For I never yet saw that Coat of Arms (let it be of what kind soever) but without the help of those two Points, I could give an intelligible bla­zon to it, so that any Person that is skilled therein, may trick the same exactly and truly.

Arms of what first composed.

2. IF then they consisted of things in Essence, no doubt they were such as the Vulgar (as well as the more Skilfuller sort) did well understand, and knew, through frequent use, what they were: As being the express Por­traictures either of Celestial Bodies, as Sun, Moon, Stars, &c. Or of Things Sublunary, as Fire, Water: Or else Vegetables, as Trees, Plants, Fruit, Herbs and Flowers, &c. Or else they were resemblances of Earthly and Intelligible Creatures, as Men, Beasts, Fowles, creep­ing Things, &c. Or else of Instruments, or Tools of familiar use, and exercise, in Mechanical Trades; which in respect of their common use, were best known to Men: And therefore served most fitly for Notes and Marks of precise differencing of each particular Person from ano­ther.

The Antiquity of Arms.

3. TOuching the Antiquity of Arms, Diodorus Siculus writeth; of which Gwilliam maketh mention, f. 5. That Osyris, sirnamed Iupiter the I [...]st, Son of Ham, the cursed Son of Noah (called of the Gentiles Ianus) who being banished from the Blessed Tents of Shem and Ia­phat, was constrained to seek some remote place to settle Himself and Children in: For which purpose he assembled a great multitude, and appointed Hercules his eldest Son Captain. In which expedition of War, both he Himself, and his three Sons, did paint certain Signs upon their [Page 16] Shields and Bucklers: Which Signs were called Arms. This Osyris, (as saith my Author,) lived not many Years after the Deluge; at which time Arms and Ensigns of Honour were first invented, which is near 3820 years since.

4. And that such Ensigns of Honour were in use in Mo­ses's Time, is evident from the command of God, That every Man of the Children of Israel, should pitch his Camp by his own Standard, with the Ensign of his Fathers House, Numb. 2.2, 9, 16, 17, 24, 31, 34. Here you see we have an uncontroulable Warrant, pronounced by the Almigh­ty, for the use of two sorts of Arms, or Ensigns; the one general, being in number four: These only ordered for the Leading and Directing of these four great Regiments, or Battalia's (as I may call them.) And the other parti­cular, serving for the demonstration of the several Fami­lies; and for the distinction of the particular Persons in each Family, for the more commodious distributing of them into Bands.

5. There are some Authors of opinion, that these Signs and Tokens (which we call Arms) were utterly unknown to the ancient Greeks and Romans, there memory not of old being found within those Nations. And again, others say they were first begun at the Siege of Troy; others affirm that they were brought to light by Charles the Great, and the Lombards: And some are of opinion that they began in the time of Frederick Barbarosa. Some again (that lash out as far on the other side) there are, who are not wanting to affirm, before the Flood, such a King, Prince, or Common-wealth, bore such and such a Shield, or painted Symbol, Elem. p. 10. Insomuch, that I have ever look'd when these kind of Men (who will write any thing) would as readily tell me what Arms, or Badge, Noah's Ark did carry in its Sern: As well as we out of the Acts of the Apo­stles, can inform our selves, Acts 28.11. what name the Ship was known by, that transported St. Paul towards Rome.

6. That the Discipline of Arms was brought to more perfection, in the foresaid Emperor and Frederick's time, than formerly; I do acknowledg: And then more gene­rally propagated and dispersed. According to the Saying of Cassaneus, non erubescat antiquitas, &c. nothing is per­fectly devised at an instant, but it is continued by time, and much labour, and great industry, that brings it to perfection. So doubtless, Arms have been in use both before and after Moses's time, and yet long before the De­struction of Troy: At which Siege it was brought to a cer­tain perfection. And yet more rudely done in those anci­ent times, than now it is in these our Days; and notwith­standing all our endeavours, there is a want in many things, a refining of others, and an expugning of gross Absur­dities.

First Painting of Shields.

7. THE Antiquity of Arms on Shields and Bucklers, we may then derive from the first beginning of Wars, and Field-Battles; for the order of Arms, Fields, and Fightings, were used by the victorious Scythians: And as it appeareth that they were Warriers, so were they also bearers of Arms. Also Iustinian writeth, that Pallas did not only teach the Libians the Law of Arms, but also the Feats of Defence belonging to War.

8. Simiramis, the Wife of Ninus, excelled all others in Chivalry; she brought Ethiopia under her Subjection, and made war in India. Was all this done without En­signs, and Tokens of Honour, without which neither Bat­tle can be fought, nor Men marshalled to the Wars? These things being first devised, for the more commodious di­stribution of Nations and Kingdoms, into Tribes and Fa­milies; into Regiments and Bands: As also for the mar­shalling and conducting them into Marshal Expeditions, and for distinguishing of particular Persons in War, as well amongst themselves, as from their Enemies. For it often falleth out, by reason of like Armour and Wea­pons, &c. (in default of such Signs) that much Treachery is wrought, and many Men (after Battle is ended) do make their Retreat to the Enemies Troops, under the Notion of their own Friends, to the endangering of their Lives.

9. So that it is clear, that without these Marks and To­kens of Arms, there would, nor could, be nothing but confusion; therefore this was the only cause, why such Notes or Distinctions (called Arms) were put in use: For if a Man encountreth us, we do forthwith discover, by the Mark he beareth, whether he be Friend or Enemy. Now in the first assumption of these Signs, every Man did take to himself some kind of Creature, as he thought best fitting and agreeable to his Estate and Condition.

Now as their Institution is not new, but very ancient; so their use was not limited, or restrained to some few particular Kingdoms, Nations, or Countreys: But more largely spread all the World over. Insomuch, that there is no Nation, Countrey, or People so barbarous, but they have their particular Signs, and Tokens where­by they may be distinguished, and distinctly known and discerned from others.

10. That several have thus adorned their Shields, Standards, and Ensigns, is manifest from Homer, Virgil, Pliny, Paulus F [...]nilius, and several other ancient Wri­ters; all which have writ that both Kings, Emperors, and Captains, have in Wars, had Devices and Emblems, painted on their Shields and Standards. Plutarch, in the Life of Merius saith, that the Cimbrians, a wild and bar­barous People, in the Parts of Denmark, Norway, and Almain, had their Shields adorned with the form of di­vers kinds of Savage Beasts. Also Amphiaraus (as Pin­dorus the Thebean Poet saith) had a Dragon painted on his Shield. And Capaneus, one of the seven Captains that besieged Thebes, bore the many headed Hydra. (As Statius the Neopolitan Poet reporteth.) Polynicer, bore a Phynx. Agamemnon, in the Trojan Wars, bore in his Shield a Lion, with this Motto, or Epigram; Terror hic est hominum, & qui hunc gerit est Agamemnon.

11. Vlysses bore a Dolphin, and a Tryphon breathing out Flames of Fire. Perseus bore Madusa's Head. An­tiochus, a Lion with a white Wand. Theseus bore an Oxe. Seleucus bore a Bull. And Augustus, a Phynx. With an infinite more, which to declare would require much time, but I omit them.

12. So of Countreys, Nations, and People in general, it is said, that the Israelites bore in their Standard the Letter Tau. The Scythians a Thunderbolt. The Egyp­tians, an Oxe. The Phrygians, a Swine. The Thraci­ans, Mars the God of War. The Romans, an Eagle. The Persians, a Bow and Arrows. Carali, a Savage Peo­ple of Pontus, bore two Wheels. The ancient Teutonicks, [Page 17] an Horse, &c. These and the like Institutions are not new, but very ancient: For in all these Examples, there is none so young as a thousand Years. But if we ascend to the Worlds younger Age, we shall find them not only of a thousand years Antiquity, but to be Antiquity it self.

Colours of a Coat of Arms.

13. SHields at the first (as you have heard) were of one Colour, but when Devices were put upon them, then more Colours were added, to make the same more compleat; that is to say, the colour of the continent▪ and the colour of the thing contained: The colour of the Field, and the colour of the Partition, the Ordinary, or the Charge of the Field.

14. So that two colours or more, are absolutely neces­sary to the making of a perfect Coat of Arms. Note, But withal, they are to be ordered according to the grounds of Art and Knowledg: For if there be two colours, one must be a Mettle; for no Armories are proper, without one of the two: Neither are they said to be good and honourable bearing. According to that vulgar Saying of all, and used as a Proverb, for a thing done, and wrong done.

15. Shields consisting of Colours and Mettles are ho­nourable; and things of the least worth, are worthy bear­ings: With this Rule of Priority, wherein we must ac­count the Female less honourable than the Male; the Ser­vant less than the Master; the Subject than the Prince: And things Sensitive less honourable than the Rational; and the Vegitive than the Sesitive. Yet every thing hath its due Honour, thereby denoting the dignity of the Bearer by the thing born.

16. Though I do confess, contrary to this ground, there are some Coats which plead Antiquity, which have in them Colour upon Colour, and Mettle upon Mettle, and yet are from the Bearers, accounted honourable: But these we shall pass over, and place them in a Rule by themselves, like to Heter clites, or Extravagants, as not tryable by the general Rule, and tract of Armory. And so proceed to the rules of Blazon.

Rules of Blazon, in General.

17. ARms, or Herauldry, doth principally consist in things born, and the terms or expressions used: The first to delineate the shape or proportion, the latter describes it in its proper action. And this is called Blazon or blazoning.

Note, The Definition then of Blazoning, or the Signi­fication of the word Blazon; is, to give to each thing (whether Vegetive, Sensitive, or Intellective) born in Ar­mory, its apt and significant terms, or words of Art, as they are generally used in those Sciences, to which such things do belong, or appertain.

18. It followeth therefore, by due order, that I should here annex such general Rules as are peculiar to Blazon; as for other particular Rules, I shall reserve them for their due and proper places.

• First, Then in Blazoning, you must use an advised De­liberation, before you enter thereunto; for having once begun, again to recal the same, doth argue an inconsiderate forwardness, which merits a just reprehension.
• Secondly, The more compendious your Blazon is, by so much the more it is held commendible; for what is brief is alway held to be most delectable. Therefore you must shun multiplicity of Words, yet with this caution, that you omit nothing material to be expressed; for as the one doth eclipse the Understanding, so the other is offen­sive to the Memory. Therefore you must take special heed to words in Blazon, for by either adding or diminish­ing makes the Arms cease to be the same.
• Thirdly, You must not be too full of Conceits in Bla­zon, nor use Iterations or Repetitions of words in the blazoning of one Coat, as not to name one Colour or Mettle twice; and especially these four Words (of, or, and, with:) for the doubling of any of these, is counted a great Fault, insomuch as the offender herein is deemed unworthy of the name of a good Blazoner.
• Fourthly, In blazoning you must have a regard of the things that are born in Arms, as also whereunto they may be resembled, whether they be natural, or artificial; and so to give them their due terms accordingly.

Special Rules in Blazon.

19. AFter the general Rules, there is some other espe­cial and particular Rules, which hold forth a greater Observation, than any foregoing, and they are these.

• First, In the blazoning of any Coat, you must ever remember to begin with the Field, and then proceed to the blazon of the Charge: Moreover, if the Field be oc­cupied with sundry things, whether the same be one or more, or of divers kinds, you must first nominate that as lyeth next, and immediately upon the Field, and then blazon that which is more remote from the same.
• Secondly, You are to observe in the blazoning of Coats, that to each particular state of Gentry, to give a blazon­ing correspondent to their Degrees: As for Example, to Gentlemen as have no Title of Dignity, as all such who are under the Degree of a Baron; their Coats are to be blazoned by Mettles, and Colours. To Persons ennobled by their Soveraign; such as Barons, Viscounts, Earls, Marquesses, Dukes, and all under the Degree of a Prince; their Coats are to be blazoned by Precious Stones. And to Princes, Kings, Emperours and Monarchs, and all such as exercise Soveraignity; their Coats to be blazoned by the Planets.

The several Ways of Blazon.

20. THere are divers ways of blazoning, but especially three Forms, by which the colours of things are described; and these are first by Mettles and Colours, the second by Precious Stones, the third by Planets: And they are these, with their Significations, and Letters, by which they are expressed or marked, in the Tricks or Draughts of all Coats of Arms.

[Page 18]

These are the Significations and Names by which each Colour is distinguished: and either by their Letters, or the Characters of the Stones and Planets, may be marked on any tricked Coat.

21. Besides this, there is a certain way by Hetching to signify any Colour or Mettle, as when a Person hath his Coat of Arms engraven upon his Plate, as Cups, Canns, Flagons, Dishes, and such like; by the several ways of Hetching the Field, the Colour or Mettle thereof may be expressed: For Example, if the Field or Charge be Gold, it is spotted all over. As the Plate before mentioned, Lib. 1. chap. 2. Numb. 72. doth demonstrate.

22. If the Field or Charge be Silver, then they are left plain, without any Hetching at all. But this is to be no­ted, if the Plate be gilt Plate, then it is contrary; for the Field and Charge then must be plain, and without Hetch­ing with Pricks, and the Field for Silver to be pricked: They ever occupying the place of one the other, accord­ing to the colour of the Plates engraved upon.

Note, This would be very good if all Goldsmiths, and Engravers of Plate, would observe it; by reason it makes distinction in Coats, which without would be but the same Coat, though belonging to dlfferent Names, and Families.

If the Field or Charge be Red, then they are Hetched with Strokes or Lines, drawn down-right, from the top to the bottom; as in the foresaid Plate, Numb. 67.

If the Field or Charge be Blew, then they are Hetched by Lines drawn right over-thwart the Escochion; as in the Plate, Numb. 68.

If the Field or Charge be Black, then they are expres­sed by a double Hetched Line, the one streight down, and the other by Lines over-cross; as in the foresaid Plate, Numb. 69.

If the Field or Charge be Green, then it is Hetched or Expressed by Lines bendways to the Dexter Side; as Plate, Numb. 70.

If the Field or Charge be Purple, then they are expres­sed quite contrary; that is to say, by Lines Hetched bend­ways, to the bend Sinister; as the Plate, Numb. 71.

And for the rest, not being Colours in use with us, there is no Lines assigned to them: And indeed properly there is no more than four colours in Arms, with British men, which are Gules, Azure, Sable, and Uert: and two Mettles, Or, and Argent.

Of the Honourable Ordinaries.

23. HAving shewed, by several Demonstrations, the manner and ways of Blazon: It now remains, to consider, what the things are that must be blazoned, and they are called Charges.

Now the Charge of a Coat of Arms is that thing whatsoever it be, that doth occupy the Field, and is the same; as, conten [...]um incontente: Whether it be Sensitive or Vegetive, Natural or Artificial, and is placed, either throughout all the Superficies of the Escochion, or else is in some special part of the same.

All Charges, are either Proper or Common, Ordinary or Extraordinary.

24. Those are said to be Proper or Ordinary Charges, in Coats of Arms, which are of ordinary use, and belong to this Art; and therefore are called Ordinaries, they have the Title also of Honourable Ordinaries: In regard the Coat is honoured thereby. Forasmuch as they are oft-times given by Emperors, Kings and Princes, as additions of Ho­nour, to Coats Armour of Persons of merit and descent.

25. Those are said to be Common or Extraordinary, where there is Charges without any of the Ordinaries; or that have Ordinaries between, or charged with (or both) by any other manner of thing alive or dead. Of which we shall treat farther hereafter, lib. 4. chap. 1.

26. As for the Honourable Ordinaries, they are accord­ing to Leigh, nine: But Gwilliam numbers them not, yet by his distribution of them, by Lines, he intimateth as much as if there were five more; to which, upon that ac­count, I may add as many to them as will make up the number twenty: Which are as followeth,

• 1. The Chief. By Leigh.
• 2. The Pale. By Leigh.
• 3. The Bend. By Leigh.
• 4. The Fesse. By Leigh.
• 5. The Barr. By Leigh.
• 6. The Escochion. By Leigh.
• 7. The Cross. By Leigh.
• 8. The Salter. By Leigh.
• 9. The Cheveron. By Leigh.
• 10. The Giron. By Gwilliam.
• 11. The Quarter. By Gwilliam.
• 12. The Pile. By Gwilliam.
• 13. The Flasques. By Gwilliam.
• 14. The Tresure. By Gwilliam.
• 15. The Fret. Added to them.
• 16. The File. Added to them.
• 17. The Border. Added to them.
• 18. The Orle. Added to them.
• 19. The Inescochion. Added to them.
• 20. The Canton. Added to them.

[Page 19]27. Some Heraulds, will not admit of several of these for Ordinaries, because they stand oft-times for Diffe­rences: Yet in regard they are as well born for Coats themselves, without any other Charge, as with Charges; makes me take that freedom, as to insert them amongst the rest, for Ordinaries, being in ordinary use in Coat Armour, as well as the rest.

The composing of Ordinaries, according to the several Lines.

28. THE Ordinaries are made, and formed of Lines diversly composed; some single, others double, or three or four-fold: And according to the divers Tracts and Forms, of those said Lines, they do receive a divers Shape and variation of Names. Therefore these Lines must be duely considered, and especially their Proper­ties.

29. Now the Properties of Lines, are either streight, angled, or crooked: Which, because few Heraulds here­tofore have treated thereof, I shall give you particular Demonstrations of those several sorts of Lines, by which the Ordinaries are composed or drawn: As they are in the Plate of this Chapter, under these following Numbers, and Names.

I. Is a Plain Line, which needs not to be named; for all Ordinaries composed, or formed of streight Lines, you must only name the Ordinary, without mentioning the name of the Line whereof the same is made.

II. Is an Angle, this is when the Line of Length is (as it were) cut off in its streightness, by another streight Line, which in the joyning make a perfect Square Angle: Of Artists termed Rect Angled.

III. Is a Bevi [...]e, that is when the long Line is cut off by another Line, which makes an accute or sharp corner­ed Angle; inclining in the Corners to a Triangular form.

IV. Is Escartelee; that is when the streight Line is cut off in the middle, with a perfect Square, into an Or­dinary, or Partition, framed according to an Ordinary.

V. Is Nowy; that is when the streight Line is cut in the middle, by a direct Semy-Circle, or half round: By the French termed Tranchee.

VI. Is a Line Arched or Enarched, and is termed (when both Sides of an Ordinary are answerably bowed) either Archee flected, or flecked: But if only one side of an Ordinary be bowed inward, it is termed Invex, Concave, Champaine, and of some Champion; if the bending be outwards, it is termed Shapourned, or Convexed.

VII. Is termed double Archee, as having two Bends, or Arches: It is also called Nuee, or Undee of the French Heraulds: And sometimes Brettissee, and also In­veckee, and Goaree.

VIII. Is Wavee, or Wavey, or Waved, or Un­de, or Surged; in respect it beareth a representation of the swelling Waves, or Billows of the Sea, which being tossed by the Winds do rise and fall after this manner: Vpton calls it Watery or Undatyd, and Undee.

IX. Is termed Invecked; that is, when a quantity of half rounds, joining together with sharp points or corners, is turned into any of the Ordinaries: The French term it, Nuagee endedans, that is cloudy, or clouded in­wards.

X. Is termed Ingraled; that is when the sharp points turn outward into the Field: As you shall see in the Ex­amples following. The French term it Tranchee en Nuee.

XI. Is termed Nebula; because it hath the represen­tation, or a resemblance of a Cloud: Vpton calls this Invecked.

XII. Is blazoned Battailled, Imbattelled, or Cre­nelle; because it represents the Battlements of a Wall or Tower, from whence it takes its name. The French, and so doth Gwilliam, term it Crenell, from Crene, which in French signifies the Dent, or Notch in the horn of a Bow. By Vpton, it is called Indented. It is by Mr. Morgan, called Brettessed; but the difference of battelling, and brettessing, you will see in Bends of that nature, Chap. 4. Numb. 32, 33. The French blazon it Emmanche, or Creneaux. And Vpton saith, that anciently this was termed Endentee.

XIII. Is in blazon called Battelled-Imbattelled; because it hath one degree of battelling above another: That before being a single Battlement, and this a double one. Of some termed Battelled grady; from the Ascent, Steps, or Degrees on the Battlement.

XIV. This is termed Potente; yet some call it Counter: Potente, and Potence-Counter-Potence. It is by Leigh blazoned, Barmiere, or Meirre. And Uarry Cuppa, And Uerrey Tassa. See Chap. 7. Numb. 8.

XV. Is termed Indented, from its resemblance to the Teeth of a Saw, derived from the Latin Word Dens a Tooth, or Indentura, a certain Deed, or Writing, whose top is indented, or cut into like Teeth. Vpton calls it Racee, or Inrased. And Boswel in his Armory bla­zoneth it, Uiurie, and in another place Dentelie. And Leigh calls it Lentally, pag. 79. The French Emmancee, and Uiuree, and Serrated.

XVI. Is called Dauncette, which is the same to the Indente, secundum quale, but not secundum quantum; for their forms are both one, but in quantity they differ much; for the Indent is smaller than the Dauncette. Also that is said rightly to be Dauncet, that hath both sides of the Charge, one striking into the other: Examples of both and their difference you may see in the Chief, but especially in the Fesse, and Barrs, Chap. 4. Numb. 71, 72.

☞ Note, Also that Dauncett, and Invecking are never used in any partitions of Fields, or parting in Or­dinaries; but for them is used Ingraling and Indent­ing: Also Dauncette differs from Indented, by reason it consists but of three Teeth only (never more, but may have one less) whereas the Indented hath many Teeth.

XVII. Is termed Patee, or Dovetail, from a term of Art used by the Joyners, who make Joints one into the other by that Name. It is by Mr. M [...]rgan in his Sphere of Gentry, blazoned Inclave, and Lambauxed or Labelled; because the points as they proceed from the Ordinary represent the points or ends of Labels.

XVIII. Is blazoned Urdee, and of some Champion, Champaine, or else Uarriated: As Leigh, pag. 79. and Ferne, pag. 200. terms it; or Creni [...]le Points pointed, and Imbattled christed. Vpton calls it Uerree. There is another kind of Line with the bend­ings round, which he terms Invectee Uerre.

XIX. Is termed Rasie, or Rayed; in regard it hath a resemblance to the Rays of the Sun, which shooteth [Page 20]

[Page 21] out like the warbling of a Flame of Fire, or the Light of a Candle: Of the French termed Flamant, or Flame­ing.

These are the forms of Lines by which Ordinaries are composed: I shall now shew you how the Ordinaries them­selves are made by them.

Of the Chief.

30. A Chief is that which by the striking of any one of the said several forms of Lines on the top part of the Escochion, and by reason of that partition or division, taketh away the third part of the same, make­ing it another Colour: As for Example.

XX. He beareth Argent, a Chief Azure, born by Hasselwell: The Chief saith Leigh and Gwilliam, contain­eth in depth the full third part of the Field; which may in some cases be augmented or diminished a little from this Rule, but in no case divided into halves. If it be not charged either in the Field or Chief, then saith Morgan lib. 1. fol. 9. It is termed Per Chief, but if either be charged, then it is blazoned, only a Chief. Vpton calls it a Head.

Parted per Chief, G. and O. born by C [...]moyse:

O. a Chief G. by the Name of Lumley.

B. a Chief A. born by Monstrell: and by Hasselwood.

B. the like O. by Beaufre [...]l: Also by Lufres.

O. the like B. by Lisours, and Staunton.

S. a Chief A. by P [...]nlay.

☞ This Ordinary, and all others, being made of a streight Line, needs no naming of it (as before is said) but if it were composed of any other Line but this, then you must mention the form of the Line whereof the same Ordinary is composed, be it Chief, Bend, Fesse, Cheveron, &c. Saying such a thing either Invecked, Engraled, Wavey, and the like: As in the Examples following.

XXI. He beareth Gules, a Chief angled Argent, born by the Name of C [...]rn [...]. This is of some termed a Chief Bevile, but it cannot properly be so termed in regard that Bevile is not rect Angled, b [...]t cornered eskue, as in the next: Therefore this is most properly termed a Chief rect Angled.

XXII. He beareth Argent, a Chief Bevile Vert, by the Name of Beverley.

XXIII. He beareth Gules, a Chief cooped Argent, born by the Name of Cheeflet: Also Van Ruesdorf of Bavaria, beareth S. such a Chief A. The French term this a Chief recoursie, but it is more properly blazoned cooped; be­ing that nothing but the ends are taken away, which is a cooping of it.

XXIV. He beareth Argent, a Chief cooped Bevil­wise, Gules, by the Name of Doucker.

XXV. He beareth Azure, a Chief Escartelee, Argent: Some blazon this Coat, He beareth in a Field Azure, one Imbattlement in a Chief, Or. But if the Imbattlement or Crenell had proceeded from the Chief, it would be best blazoned; as in the next Ex­ample.

XXVI. He beareth Argent, a Chief with one Im­battlement Gules: For Imbattelling ought, and must, proceed from the Ordinary, and not run into it. As you may see by this and the foresaid Coat. This is born by the Name of Hingley. And such a Chief A. in a Field G. is quartered by Van Lauterbach of Bavaria.

XXVII. He beareth Purpure, a Chief Inclave Ar­gent. Before I told you from Gwilliam, fol. 64. that a Chief could not be devided, which is contrary to some; others hold it may: and that it may go through any Partition. Otherwise this may be blazoned Azure, two Cantons Argent; born by the Name of Cantonell.

XXVIII. He beareth Or, a Chief Arched Vert; else a Chief Flected, from the Latin word Flecto, to bend or bow a thing: Or a Chief Champion, or Cham­paine: But more properly a Chief Convex: Or after others convexed in the lower side.

XXIX. He beareth Or, a Chief with one Indent Sable. This I find is a Coat of no small Antiquity, which I found in an old Book in the Herauld's Office; and is thus blazoned, a Chief with a sharp point Sable, in a Field Or: Using the French manner of blazon, in name­ing the contained before the continent. Which manner of blazoning is counted by our Heraulds most preposte­rous.

XXX. He beareth Argent, a Chief with one Potee Azure: Or a Chief Inclave, saith Morg [...]n, fol. 8.10. Which cannot properly be, seeing the Inclave goeth through the Partition; as he gives it in another Example, using the term from Clavis, a Key: Which (saith he) goeth into the Partition, as a Key into a Lock. But in my Judgment, it is best blazoned a Chief with one Lam­beaux, or one Labell. It is born by the Name of Maschant, or Beltoft.

XXXI. He beareth Gules, a Chief Invecked Or: By the Name of V [...]laynger. Cassaneus holdeth, that where the Chief is of one Colour, or Mettle, or more▪ you shall blazon the Chief first: But it is more consonant to reason to begin with the Field, because of the priority thereof in nature, as also in respect it is the continent, the Chief the thing contained.

XXXII. He beareth Argent, a Chief Ingented Vert. Here you may see the difference between the In­veck, and the Indent: The first ever hath the Points in the Ordinary Invecked, and the other hath its Points coming into the Field In [...]ed. By the Name of Grindley.

G. such a Chief O. born by Hava [...]den.

XXXIII. He beareth Purpure, a Chief Wavey Argent: Or a Chief Undee. By the Name of Waterhead.

XXXIV. He beareth Or, a Chief Nowy Gules: Of the French called a Chief Tranchee. Born by Caster ap Nowell.

XXXV. He beareth Or, a Chief double Arched Sable: This is also blazoned a Chief double Flected. And by the French a Chief Nuee; and a Chief of one Indent: And of some others a Chief Goared, or a Goare in Chief. This is a French Coat, born by the Name of Fitz Lesours.

XXXVI. He beareth Argent, a Chief Imbattled, or Crenelle Azure. By the Name of Monstrell.

G. the like B. born by Ryncester.

☞ Here you may observe, that if an Ordinary have its Line in the form of a Battlement, it is called Imbattled, and if both sides of the Ordinary be of that form, it is termed Connter-Imbattled: Which may be in the Pale, Bend, Fesse, Cheveron, Salter and Cross, but not in the Chief.

[Page 22]XXXVII. He beareth Gules, a Chief Potence Ar­gent: Of some termed a Chief Counter-potent: And of Leigh called a Chief Bar-Miere. By the Name of Lamoy of Cripleton.

XXXVIII. He beareth Argent, a Chief Champaine Vert: Of some Heraulds, a Chief Urdee; and that I judg the best term for it, from his Name who beareth it: Vrder of Vrder. Yet others are of an Opinion, that this is no other than an Imbattlement rebated in its Cor­ners.

XXXIX. He beareth Purpure, a Chief Indented Or. By the Name of Dentale, or Dentalson.

O. a Chief Indented B. born by Bottiler; or Butler.

G. the like A. born by Barett; and also by Sarcester.

B. the like O. born by Dunham.

XL. He beareth Argent, a Chief Nebulee Azure. Some term this Argent, in Chief, a Clond Proper.

Per Chief Nebulae G. and O. by the Name of Fancy.

This is also born by Van Ratzen.

☞ Which said last blazoning, saith my Author, if you term it per Chief; then you must name the chief co­lour or mettle first.

XLI. He beareth Or, a Chief rasie Sable: This is a fit Emblem for Wickedness, which though it florish, and have a golden Field, yet in the middle of their day the light of the Sun goeth down upon them, Amos 8.9.

XLII. He beareth Argent, a Chief Patee Vert, or Dovetailed: By the Name of Dowdale.

A. a Rose G. and such a Chief B. is born by Watson.

XLIII. He beareth Sable, a Chief Or, in the nether part thereof a Fillet Argent: This is the only diminuti­on that belongs to the Chief, and is called a Fillet, be­cause of the length and narrowness of it; as also because of the place where it is set, for did it occupy any other place, save the Chief, it should go under another term; as you shall see in the Examples of Barulets, Cotizes, and Endorses, &c.

The French term it, a Chief Or, Supported Argent: By the Name of Kap or Cape.

XLIV. He beareth Argent, a Fillet Gules. This is by Ferne, pag. 177. called a F [...]ie; it is so named from its shape, being long and narrow, like the Fillet used by Women to truss up their Hair, and fasten their Head-Tires: So this is very aptly placed on the Chief, or Head of the Escochion, compassing the utmost borders of the same.

XLV. He beareth Vert, a Chief Argent, surmoun­ted of another Or: This is another sort of bearing the Chief, upon a Chief. ☞ If the under Chief had been the colour of the Field, then it had been termed a Chief removed, or fallen out of its place. Though some in such cases will blazon it, a Bar in Chief. And such a Chief is born by Van dem Busch, viz. Uarrey, A. and B. a Chief removed G. charged with 3 Flower de lis, O.

XLVI. He beareth Argent, a Chief Or, bordered Azure. By the Name of Broderley. Also O. a Stags Horn G. a Chief A. bordered of the second, is the State of Goppingen's Coat in Germany.

XLVII. He beareth Gules, a Chief party per Fesse Indented Azure and Argent. Gwilliam blazons it Gules, a Chief Point in Point Indented Azure and Argent: This is another sort of bearing of Chiefs; and in it there is no need of saying per Fesse (saith he) for it is alway supposed to run the length of the Chief; if otherwise, either per Pale, or Cheveron, and the like, then to be named. But by his good leave, this cannot be termed Point in Point, but per Fesse, except it were extended to the outmost sides of the Chief; as the Example, Numb. 50.

XLVIII. He beareth Argent, a Chief Vert, charged with a Shapournett Ermyne: This Term Shapour­nett is derived (if I mistake not) from the French Word Chaperon, which signifieth a Hood; whereof this is a di­minutive, and beareth a resemblance. Leigh, pag. 62. is of an Opinion that this is a Partition, and for that end doth draw the Line thereof to the very top of the Chief. But Gwilli [...], fol. 65. takes it to be a Charge of the Chief, and not a Portion thereof: Which makes him to shorten the Head of it, from the top of the Chief; after which Examples this is figured. Some do only call it a Hood or Chaperon.

XLXIX. He beareth Purpure, on a Chief Or, a Bar Daunsett Gules. I term it a Bar because of its narrow­ness, containing less than a third part of the Chief; if broader it might be blazoned Daunsettee, or else a Fesse Daunsett. This is by Ferne, pag. 176. blazoned a Uiure.

L. He beareth Argent, a Chief Point in Point In­dented Gules and Or: This you see is contrary to the 48 th Figure, that runs indented through the Chief; and this with its Indents from outside to outside of the Chief. Which some again term a Chief Pily Gules and Or-Born by the name of Partinghead. This is through an oversight of Mr. Morgan, blazoned per Fesse Indented, lib. 2. cap. 5. fol. 47. Vpton terms it Point in Point Compony; but Compony in our Days is a far different thing, as Chap. 4. Numb. 43.

LI. He beareth Or, a Chief quarterly Purpure and Argent, counter-Flory in the bottom Sable. By the Name of Flurtal.

Thus I have given you the several ways of bearing the Chief, according to those Lines of Partitions.

I proceed now to the next Ordinary.

Of the Pale.

31. THE Pale is another Ordinary, and it consists of two Lines drawn perpendicularly from the top to the Base of the Escochion: As in Example.

LII. He beareth Azure, a Pale Argent: by the Name of Hickman. The Pale containeth the third part of the Escochion, and must not be either inlarged, or lessened, whether it be charged or not: So that there can be but one Pale in an Escochion. This is by Morgan termed pe [...] Pale, lib. 2. cap. 3.

This Ordinary is subdivided into a Pallet, and an Endorse.

G. a Pale O. born by Kinkley, and Grandmain.

A. the like S. by Calkin.

LIII. He beareth Or, a Pallet Vert: The Pallet is the Moity or half of the Pale, and therefore receiveth his Name of diminution; as being a demy or little Pale: The Pallet is never charged with any thing either quick or dead. There are some Armorists do hold that the Pallet cannot be parted into two; but that it may be parted into [Page 23] four, so saith Lei [...]h. And by the French, part. 3. fol. 37. it is called a coste cut narrow.

A. 5 Pallets S. born by Kendrick.

O. 3 Pallets S. bord by Percy: And the Name of Athel.

LIV. He beareth Gules, an Endorse Argent. The Endorse (saith Leigh, pag. 63.) is the fourth part of the Pallet. Ferne, pag. 178.) the eighth part of a Pale, which is all to one purpose. It is not used, but when a Pale is between two of them (saith one) but the Endorse may be born between Birds, Fish, Flowers, Beasts, and such like things (saith another): But then it sheweth that the same Coat hath been sometimes two Coats of Armour, and afterwards by some occasion joined together in one Esco­chion. For proof thereof, he there gives an example of such a beareing in an Escochion of Pretence, or Engislet (as he termes it) between a Lion Rampant and an Eagle display'd, Gules in a field Or.

LV. He beareth Argent, a Pale Endorsed Azure: By the Name of Holdaw. Some Blazon it a Pale between two Endorses: But that is some-thing of Superfluity.

☞ If the Pale and Endorses were of contrary Co­lours, then name the Pale and Colour, or Mettle first; and then the Endorses and their Colour or Mettle after: As Gules, a Pale Or, Endorsed Argent: Born by Haler. The like is to be observed in all the other Ordinaries when they have the like bearing on either side of them.

A. Such a Pale Endorsed B. is born by Cawley.

O. the like Endorsed S. by Naylor.

LVI. He beareth Purpure, a Pale Fitched in the foot or bottom Or By the name of Gl [...]nfron. Some call it a Pa [...]e coupe [...] and Rebated in the Bottom: Others say Pointed in the Bottom: Affirming that if it were truly and rightly Fitched, it would loose its [...]ame, and be­come a Pile, which is an other kind of Bearing.

LVII. He beareth Or, three Palletts Vert: By the name of Man [...]er.

☞ If there be more than one in an Escochion, then they are not called Pales but Palletts: And as this Coat hath three, so you shall have them born to the Number of 8 or 10: Therefore in your Blazoning you must have an especial care to tell the exact Number of them. As

A. 2 Palletts S. by Wentworth, and Tran [...]field.

B. 3 such; Born by Thornton.

O. 4 such B. Born by Sekerley, and by Peeler.

LVIII. He beareth Azure, a Pale Arrayed Or. By the name of Li [...]htford. Here the Pale and Arraying is all of one colour, else your Blazoning must have been accord­ing to the rule before given in Numb. 55. Gwilliam fol: 197. and Spher. lib. 3. f [...]l. 38. Blazons it a Pale Radiant Rajonee, after the French way: But the foresaid Blazon is after the English way, Short and Pithy: For by Rays we understand the glittering and shining Beams of the Sun, which Pale being so arrayed makes it the more lustrious.

P. such a rayed Pale A. is born by Whitman.

[...]. such a Pale O. charged with a Lion Rampant G. is the Coat of Coleman.

After this manner Pales are set with Flory, and counter-Flory; which are to be blazoned after this Example.

LIX. He beareth Or, a cross Paule Gules. Born by the name of Paulling. This is another Bearing subdi­vided from the Pale, being termed a Paule. Now what [...] Paule is, C [...]issaneus tells us in these Words: Pallium est quoddam Ornamentum ad modum stolae Sacerdotalis cum qui­busdam crucibus nigris contextis, &c. This is the old way of making the Paule: Which Morgan, l. 2. c. 15. terms a cross Pall, and that very properly, it representing a Pale cut through the top and opened after the manner of a cross Tau.

G. such a Paul A. born by Deycheler.

A. the like S. born by Duningham Earl of Glancorn.

LX. He beareth Sol, a Paule Iupiter: Such a Pall or Paule, is born by the Arch-Bishop of Canterbury, and be­longeth to the Arms of his Sea: And is the modern form of the Paule which is most frequently used. If this Paule were garnished or embrodered with any other Colours or Mettle, then in the blazoning you must add the term edged, adorned, and fringed so and so. This may as well be termed a Priests Cope, being a kind of Vestment used by them when they are at the Sacrifice of the Mass, and Altar, as I said before: Which in Latin is called Pallium, Englified a Paule, which is a Cope, or Mantle, a Priest's Vestment that covers his Back, Breast, and Shoulders.

LXI. He beareth Purpure, a Paule reversed, or a cross Pale reversed Or. Here you may see the diffe­rence between the Paule, and the cross Pale, the one being edged and fringed in the bottom, terminating in the base of the Escochion; and the cross Pale runs quite through to the side, with all its parts: This Paule is subject to the same accident that the Pale, and Crosses are, viz. of being charged with, or interposed between any other thing charged in Coats of Arms. As, A. a cross Paule S. be­tween 3 Mullets G. By the Name of Paulmulett.

G. a Paule, or cross Paule reversed O. between 2 Mart­lets and a Plate. By the Name of Crossel [...]tt.

LXII. He beareth Argent, a cross Pale reversed, at each side the Base one Imbattle Vert. This is born by the name of Korbitz.

G. the like A. born by Van Chaynach.

LXIII. He beareth Gules, a Pale bretessed Nuee fixt Or. Born by Strongman. This coat I have known otherwise termed; as a Pale, each side double Arched, which I hold the best and properest blazon: The Pale stands (as it were) for the Butment, or Foundation, to which the Springalls of the four Arches are fixed.

LXIV. He beareth Or, a Pale double Arched, or Nuee Azure, or a Pale Goared on both sides. Born by the name of Howtock.

LXV. He beareth Or, a Pale Wavee Sable. By the name of Ayre.

A. such a Pale S. born by Botton.

LXVI. He beareth Argent, a Pale Indented Gules. Born by Grad [...]ee, alias Gadbey.

G. such a Pale A. born by Strathum.

LXVII. He beareth Vert, a Pale Daunsett Or: Any Ordinary that is Daunsett, ought not to exceed 3 points on the one (or top) side, let the Escochion be great or small; but they ought (as the French Heraulds say) to be numbred. Such a Pale is born by Kingslangl [...]y.

G. 3 such Pales O. is the Coat of Manduit.

LXVIII. He beareth Argent, a Pale Or, Ingrailed Sable: Born by Palgrale. Some do term this a Pale In­grailed S. surmounted of another O. But I judg the first good blazoning, when there is no more to be seen than the Ingraling on either side: This I confess doth exceed my Draught given to the Engraver, wherein the rounds touch­ed the sides of the Pale.

[Page 24]LXIX. He beareth Purpure, a Pale Ingraled Or. Born by Home.

G. such a Pale O. born by the name of Cheswer [...]h.

A. the like S. by G [...]scoigne, charged with a Pikes Head.

LXX. He beareth Gules, a Pale Invecked Argent. Born by the Family of Ve [...]k.

LXXI. He beareth Argent, a Pale Nowey Cham­paine Azure, or else Nowey Urd [...]e. Born by the Name of Vrdall.

LXXII. He beareth Vert, a Pale Nowey Losengy Argent. Born by Molewine.

LXXIII. He beareth Or, a Pale Nowy Azure. Born by the Name of Nowellin. If the swelling out in the middle of the Pale (or any other the like Ordinary) be round, it is termed only Nowy; but if it be of any other form, then you must mention the form of the Noweying, as in the two Examples aforesaid, & the next that followeth.

LXXIV. He beareth Gules, a Pale Nowy quadrat Argent; or else Nowy Square, or quater Angled, or quarterly; For all these terms I have known given to it. Born by the Name of Quark [...]ll. See more of this way, in Crosses Nowyed

LXXV. He beareth Argent, a Pale Escarteled on the right side Azure. Which is the Coat of Woodwa [...]t.

LXXVI. He beareth Gules, a Pale Brettched Or. The French term it a Pale crossed in three pieces▪ there is much difference between Bretessing and Imbattelling, as you may see in Bends, chap. 4. numb. 32.

LXXVII. He beareth Argent, a Pale Imbattelled Azure. By the Name of [...]man. A Name much near the device, for by scaling Battlements many a brave Man hath lost his Life.

LXXVIII. He beareth Gules, a Pale Raguled Or, Raguled is as much as a knotted, rough, uncut piece of a Tree set Palewise. You shall sometimes find Coats of this nature both Raguled and Trunked; as in Bends you will see an Example, Chap. 4. Numb. 26. And Chap. 9. Numb. 5.15.

LXXIX. He beareth Argent, a Pale Patee Vert: It is born by the Name of Hohenfield. Mr. M [...]rgan calls this Inclave; so may I term it a Pale Dovetailed, or Dovetailly.

LXXX. He beareth Or, a Pale Fracted (or remo­ved) Vert: by the Name of Sparacke. Some term this a Pale removed Bevil-wise, because the cutting or break­ing of it in the middle is Bevile; that is, not streight, but slopingly with cornered Angles.

LXXXI. He beareth Gules, a Pale Angled Ar­gent: by the Name of Anger. This is also termed a Pale Rect Angled. Such a like Pale is born by Posingworth.

G. such a Pale couped at both ends A. born by Schwen [...]t of Bavaria.

LXXXII. He beareth Or, a Pale Bevile Purpure: by the Name of Beviler.

☞ Here you see there is a manifest difference be­tween these three last foregoing Examples; of Fraction (or removing) of Angled (or Rect Angled) and of Bevile; so that especial care must be taken to give such their due terms, when thus found in any of the Ordinaries.

LXXXIII. He beareth Argent, a Pale Champaine, (or enarched on the Dexter side) Vert: by the Name of Bowman. This hath several other Denominations, as Invexed, Concaved, or Shapourned on the Dex­ter side. Where you must take notice on what side it is Concave, except it be so in both.

LXXXIV. He beareth Or, a Pale Battailed Im­battailed Azure. So I find it termed, but this will never give any Artist (except he know the Coat) that light as to trick it truly; therefore I shall not trust to their Judg­ments in this thing that so blazon it: but rather to them who say, he beareth Or, a Pale grady in Chief and Base, the middle Nowey quadrat Battelled Im­battelled. Or more briefly thus, a Pale grady at the ends and middle: Or else grady of three, both in the ends and middle. Others term it a Pale gricee in the head, foot, and middle, on both sides, and fixed. See Chap. 4. Numb. 69.

There are several other ways of bearing of Pales, both charged and otherwise, but in regard they are in every re­spect answerable to the Bend: Therefore I shall need give no more Examples of Pales, but refer you to the Bends.

Of the Pile.

32. THE Pile is another Ordinary, consisting of two Lines formed after the manner of a Wedg; that is to say, broad at the upper end, and so smaller and smaller, till it come to a Point in the bottom: So that it differeth from the Pale (that being of an equal breadth all along) as the Examples will demonstrate.

LXXXV. He beareth Gules, a Pile Argent: born by [...]retton. A Pile represents a piece of Wood that Builders do usually drive into the Ground, where the Earth is not [...]ound to bear Fortifications, or other great Buildings: And so by them to force an infallible Founda­tion.

This Ordinary is subject to no diminution, whether there be more or less in the Field all goes under one name: The Pile contains the third part of the Chief if it be alone, but if it be charged upon, then it may well contain two thirds of the Chief for breadth.

B. the like Pile O. born by Aldham, of Aldham: The same is also the Arms of Hopwood.

O. the like S. born by Dighton.

S. 2 Piles A. by the Name of Hulles.

Er. 2 Piles S. born by Hollis.

LXXXVI. He beareth Argent, three Piles Gules: This is born by the Name of Gildesbrough. Some term them 3 Piles in Point, because they all meet with their Points together in the base.

☞ But this know, that if the Coat consist of three they are ever so placed, and no otherwise; therefore that word may be omitted. See then what needless words are used by Gwilli [...]m, fol. 93. who blazons them 3 Piles meeting near in the base of the Escochion. Ferne, pag. 205. and Leigh, pag. 69. terms them 3 Piles in Point. But Vpton the same blazoning as abovesaid, because they are ever set after this manner: So that to use superfluity of Words, is contrary to the Rules formerly given, where brevity is commended, as being most compendious.

S. 3 such Piles O. born by Manduit.

LXXXVII. He beareth Argent, a Pile Sable, Co­tized Ingraled Gules: The Pile I never found in any Coat otherwise than Waved and Ingra [...]ed; but the Cotizing of it hath been formed of other Lines, as well as plain. Some term this Cotizing, Ingraled on the outside, because there may be Coats that have it Ingrailed on both sides. Such a Pile bendwise is the Coat of Coatgrale.

[Page 25]LXXXVIII. He beareth Or, a Pile in Bend Wa­ved Azure: born by Debar. In this Gwilli [...]m fol. 84. likewise useth many needless expressions, as issuing out of the dexter corner bendways: And Leigh, pag. 69. on the other side is too short, having omitted the waving of the Pile.

Also B. a Pile waved in Fesse between 3 Flowers de lis O. is born by Bl [...]n [...]zen a German Family.

LXXXIX. He beareth Gules, a Pile, between two other reversed, or transposed Argent. Gwilliam here adds words of superfluity, viz. three Piles, one issuing out of Chief, between the two other transposed. Sometimes you will find Coats with two in Chief, and one in Base, which I conceive thus best blazoned, two Piles with ano­ther reversed, or a Pile reversed between two other. Piles are very often couped and transposed to several sides, and parts of the Escochion▪ and therefore must be taken no­tice (in such cases) how and where they are removed.

A. 3 such Piles S. born by Hulse, or Hulles.

A. 2 Piles, and one transposed B. born by Garnons.

G. 2 Piles transposed O. born by Ehinger of Germany.

A. 3 Piles reversed B. born by Marschalck of Brunsvick: Which name in English we call M [...]rshal.

B. 2 Piles reversed with Roses on the Points A. born by Rhelinger.

XC. He beareth Vert, a Pile Waved between two other Argent. If they had been all 3 Waved, then there had been no need of saying (the two between;) if the mid­dle had been plain, then you should have said a Pile be­tween two other Waved, or Ingraled, or the like: The Pile hath anciently been called a Sentrie, that is a stick for a Tent, or for any other kind of work.

XCI. He beareth Gules, on a Pile Or, 3 demy Flower deluces conjoined to its Sides, and Chief, Sable: This is born by the Name of Flowermaine.

XCII. He beareth Vert, a Pile Floryed at the point Argent. A fit Coat (saith Mr. Morg [...]n, lib. 2. fol. 66.) for a Pioneer, who by his Wisdom hath countermined his Enemies Mines, if under-ground; or that Pallizadoes himself in his Castle above-ground.

XCIII. He beareth Argent, a Triple Pile in Base Bendwise Vert, Floryed at the point Sable: born by the Name of Wrot [...]n. This is called a Triple Pile, be­cause it is joined in the top or solid part all in one entire piece. This is by Ferne, pag. 179. termed a Pile Nai­sant in Bend Triple Flory. Gwilliam terms it, f. 83. a Triple Pile Flory on the tops, issuing out of the Si­nister base in Bend towards the Dexter corner: Here is Tautologies, with an Absurdity in naming the tops for the points; for a Man is a Man, though he stand on his Heads and transpose the Pile, how, and where you will, the broad end is the top of it.

XCIV. He beareth Azure, three Piles Barwise Or: born by Platten. Being on the dexter side you need not mention it: After this sort shall you have the Piles born Waved and Indented, &c. Which Examples for tedi­ousness I omit. Some will term this Barry Pily of seven Azure and Or. See Chap. 7. Numb. 98. But here was a great oversight in my Friend Morgan, lib. 2. fol. 68. who termed this per Pale Indented.

S. 3 Piles on the Sinister side Barwise A. born by Van Rorbach.

XCV. He beareth Argent, two Piles couped, with an other between them reversed Gules: This is the Coat of Hof [...]ow. Boswell terms these [...] t [...]us, two de­scending, and one ascending: But this is contrary to the rule of the Pile, before spoken of, where it was shewed, that the nature of the Pile was to have its point down; therefore needs no mentioning of descending, &c. Here I blazon the two couped, before I speak any thing of that as is reversed; which I give not the term of couping to, because it is entire, and fixed to the base of the Escochion: Which were it not, I should then have blazoned it thus, two Piles with another reversed couped: Or thus, a Pile reversed between two other couped, or all couped: Or else one couped reversed, between two of the same.

XCVI. He beareth Argent, three Piles Engraled, and Couped Azure. Formanshaw beareth this Coat Armour.

XCVII. He beareth Or, 3 Piles couped, two, and one Gules: This is born by Proctor. Here I am con­strained to give this term two an one, to set out the man­ner of their being in the Escochion; because the Piles stand naturally (being three) all besides one another, as the foresaid Examples, Numb. 69.86.90. doth demonstrate. But these standing contrary, it must therefore by two and one, be expressed how they are disposed of in the Field, that is two above, and one below, &c. Some blazons them two in Chief, and one in Base.

The like Piles with Urded or Champaine tops or heads S. in a Field A. is born also by the Name of Pro [...]tor.

XCVIII. He beareth Azure, 2 Piles couped and re­versed, conjoined to another Argent: born by the name of Ioyner.

O. three such Piles couped and conjoined, two with their Points in Chief, and one in Base, G. is born by Heyrling.

XCIX. He beareth Argent, a Pile in Bend Sini­ster, surmounted of another Dexter Argent: Yet others taking no notice of whither surmounts (as I think so too) do blazon them only two Piles in Salter. This is born by the name of Salterly.

C. He beareth Parted per Pile Purpure and Ermine, a Pile Argent: by the Name of Reyburgh.

☞ If the Pile had been Ermine, then I should have said a Pile of the second, by reason one Colour must not be twice named in one Coat: Yet I have seen this Blazon­ed a Pile, and two base p [...]ints parted (or two points in base parted.) If the Pile and the partition of the Field were of one Colour, then upon sight of the Co [...] should have blazoned it a Cheveron reversed, from the Chief to the Base.

CI. He beareth Gules, a Pile Waved out of the dexter corner bendwise, determined in Fesse Argent: born by Van Toppler of Br [...]nswick. I have seen this anci­ently blazoned a Gyron Waved, because it extendeth no further than the Fesse Point, which the Pile ever doth▪ So that the Artest is at his choise whether to term it a Pile terminated, or a G [...]ron Waved.

CII. He beareth Or, three Piles in Chief Azure: born by the Name of Van [...]b [...]n. If they be whole Piles, then they ever meet in Point: but being diminu­tive, or half Piles, then they stand in this order, and manner.

O. a Lion passant S. in Chief 3 Roman Piles of the Second: born by Loggan. So termed in Gwilliam's 5 th Addition, fol. 192.

[Page 26]CIII. He beareth parted per Cheveron in Base, Purpure and Argent, a Pile counter-changed: Other­wise, per Cheveron P. and A. and per Cheveron re­versed counter [...]changed. This Coat Armour is born by the Family of Churland. See such a like Coat as this, but of a contrary blazoning, Chap. 9. Numb. 64.

CIV. He beareth Azure, three Piles, and as many in Fesse Argent. This is a German Coat, and is born by the Name of Magdenburg. Some have termed them 3 Piles in Chief, and 3 in Fesse. Others 3 demy Piles in Chief, and as many couped in Fesse.

G. 4 Piles in Fesse reversed and couped, and 2 issuing out of Base, A. is the Coat Armour of the Bishoprick of Olmitz in Ge [...]m [...]ny.

Party per Fesse, B. and G. 3 Piles transposed in Fesse A. by the name of Van Wolkenstein.

Of the Gyron.

33. THE Gyron is an Ordinary consisting of two Lines drawn from divers parts of the Escochion, and meeteth in an accute Angle, in the Fesse Point: It is derived, as some think, from the Latin word Germium, which signifieth a Lap. The Gyron is born single; by couples, of six, of eight, of ten, of twelve, and not o­therwise.

CV. He beareth Argent, a Gyron Gules: by the name of Gyronell. If there be but one, it ever stands in this place without naming it: Yet Gwilliam, fol. 81. name the dex­ter Chief Point; which is needless, except it be removed to some other place. This Ordinary is by Vpton termed contrary, Coonyd.

Sanguine, a Gyron on the dexter side (in Fesse after Gw [...]lli [...]m) Argent; is the Coat quartered by the Lord de Wolf [...] of Swesi [...].

CVI. He beareth Azure, 2 Gyrons Argent: by the name of Cantolupe. See four Gyron, Chap. 9. Numb. 103. You need not say meeting in Point, the one from the dex­ter Chief, the other from the sinister Base; because they do evermore meet in the Fesse Point be they never so ma­ny. And if you observe, the Gyrons are made of two Lines, one in Bend, the other in Fesse, which make two directly opposite one to the other; and needs no nameing of their places, except they be otherwise disposed.

CVII. He beareth Gyronny of six, Azure and Or. by the name of Amberg. Some blazon it parted per Gyron of six pieces: In the naming of the Colours, I name that first which occupieth the principle part of the Chief, but if it be divided into more then to name that first as occupieth the dexter part of it: As in N [...]mb. 111. and the following Example. Some Blazoners of old, termed these Gyrons by the name of Contra Contraconata, or Counter-coined: For that the coins or corners of their contrary or different Colours, do all meet in the center of the Field.

6 Gyrons O. and S. is part of the Coat of Callarde.

6 Gyrons A. B. is born by Van Sintzen-hofen in Bavaria.

CVIII. He beareth Gyronny of eight, Argent and Purpure: by the name of Ockton. There are some who affirm that they may be born to the number of sixteen; and so I have seen a Coat in the Herauld's Office to have that same number. These Gyrons are never born com­posed of any other sorts of Lines, but a [...]raight plain Line; except they be either single: or by couples, then you shall have them Waved, or Indented, Ingraled, or Invecked, and no otherwise. Some hold that Gyronny of eight ought not to be numbred; but only Gyronny of such and such colours: And the reason is because one Gyron con­tains the eight part of the Field.

The like O. and B. on an Escochion G. a Lion's Head Erazed A. born by Spaune.

CIX. He beareth Or, a Gyron in Fesse Gules: by the Name of Skatter. Others a Gyron in the dexter Base.

CX. He beareth Argent, two Gyrons in Chief: Others say two Gyrons dexter and sinister in Chief. Now had these two been upon a Chief they had been termed Squires; as the Examples Chap. 9. Numb. 71, 75, 77, 78, 83.

Party per Fesse, O. and G. in Chief, a Talbot S. and 2 Gyrons in Base A. born by Biberlisburgh of Switzer­land. Some blazon it per Fesse O. and Gyronny of 5 G. and A. a Talbot S.

CXI. He beareth Gyronny of twelve, Or and Azure: by the name of Malfering.

The like O. and B. an Inescochion G. born by Eller.

Gyronny of 16 O. and B an Escochion A. born by the Bishoprick of Rev [...]l [...] in G [...]rm [...]ny.

Gyronny of 12 A. and G. born by Waldb [...]th Van Bossedheim.

CXII. He beareth Gyronny of eight, Gules and Ar­gent, a De [...]se Or: by the name of Mildmay. As this Square is in the middle of the Gyrons where they meet in Fesse, so you will find Coats with Escochions, Roundlets, and the like; which place you need not mention, becaase such Charges ever stand in the Fesse, or middle part of the Gyrons. Boswell pag. 40. calls this a Quadreate.

The like O. and B. with an Escochion G. born by Spon, or Spoune.

The like A. and S. with a Basant, born by Lovegold.

Of the Quarter, and Canton.

34. THE Next Ordinary is the Quarter, which is for­med of two Lines. both straight through the mi­die of the Escochion, one from the Chiefe and the other from the Fesse points, where both meeting in the midle of Escochion in an equall Square is called a Quarter, because it containes a quarter part, or a Fourth part of the Field: as for Example.

CXIII He beareth Escallopee Argent, a Qqarter A­zure: The Quarter I never found born otherwise, but com­posed of Straight lines: Though it is usually charged with variety of Bearings. This is a Duch coate and is born by the name of Van Scalburgh. Escalopee is born thus on Bends, Fesses, Barrs, Crosses, &c

G & per Fesse Escalopee A. born by Newburgh.

Escalopee Er a Quarter G: born by V [...]n Iar [...]orf.

CXIV He beareth Argent a Canton and a Shapou­nett Gules. born by Feldwayne. Though some (in regard of the Honorable bearing of it) do hold it to be an Ordi­nary: Yet for my own part, I take it to be no other then o Diminution of the Quarter, and containes the third part of it: It is called a Canton, because it occupieth but a Corner, or Cantell of the Escochion. If it be placed in [Page 27] the Dexter Corner of the Escochion, there needs no other mention to be made of it; But if it be placed on the con­trary side (or else where) then it is to be named, a Can­ton, or a Quarter Sinister: As in the following Ex­amples it will be further manifested.

The Shapou [...]net [...] is ever born in the Base, both of the Escochion, and all other Ordinaries, that it is charged withall. See Numb. 48. Chap. 9. Numb. 83.84.87.

A. a Canton, G: born by the name of Chester.

B. the like, O: born by Canterlin, also by Studler.

CXV. He beareth Or, a Canton Sinister Sable: The Dexter, and Sinister Cantons, are all one as in Form, so in Quantity, and Estimation; but differ only in this from their Local Position: And also that the Sinister is not of so frequent use. And the same Rules as serve for the Quarter, Serveth for the Canton also.

Such a Canton blazoned as afore, belongs to Clerke.

S. the like, A. born by Eytzenriet of Bavaria.

O. the like B. by Zol [...]kofer a Zwitzer in Germanie.

CXVI. He beareth Argent, a Canton in Base Vert: by the name of Brucherley. The Canton ever stands in the Corners of the Escochion; never in the midle of the Chief, Fesse, or Base: Therefore I need say no more, but a Canton in Base, or a Canton in the Sinister Base, If it be on the other side.

☞ Note that a Canton parted Traverswaies, whi­ther it be from the Dexter Corner, or from the Sinister, it doth make two Base Squires: C. 7 N. 75. &c.

CXVII. He beareth Or, a Canton Indented in the Bottom Gules: born by the nane of Beyfynburgh. The Canton is seldom altered from its old form and fa­shion of plainness: Therfore for its Rarity I have caused it to be presented to your view.

B. the like O: born by Doppock Van Hussetz

A. the like V. with a Flower de Luce O: by Carnon.

CXVIII He beareth Vert, a Canton Argent, with a Pile waved, issuing from the corner therof Bendwayes, Sable: or more briefly, a Canton and Pile waved in Bend, or Bendwayes. This is born by Campile.

G. the like O. born by Enefeild, also by Feeldiug.

O. the Canton S. Pile G: born by Zenilburg.

V. the like O. born by Cempiles, and by Van Scthoditz

A. a Canton and the Pile S. Ingraled G: by Copewood.

G. on a Canton A. a Cross G. a Pile in bend O. This according to our English mode, let the Ensign be what Colour the Colonel pleaseth: If there be St. George's Cross in the Canton thereof, with a Pile issuing therefrom ei­ther plain or waved it is the cognizence of a Major: For a Major of all Regiments of foot Souldiers (in our Kingdom) have in their warlike Ensignes a Pile from the Canton, to distinguish it from other Ensignes of the same Regiment: Perhaps to shew the Valour of our English Nation, who will stand to it both by Land and Water: It being the Emblem of both.

CXIX He beareth Azure, a Canton Argent, with 5 Piles waved issuing there-from, Or. If the distinction in Ensignes, for the Eldest, Second, or Third Captains, &c. be by Piles, either waved or plain: Then beginning with one for the Major's Companies Ensign, as aforesaid; and two for the eldest or first Captain &c. Then this falleth to be the Ensign of the fourth Captain in the Regiment, but as it is blazoned in this place it is the Coat Armour of Mounsier De le Sun, or Sund. Some will blazon this 5 Rayes of the Sun issuing out of the Dexter Corner: Sur­mounted of a Canton. Others again, leave out the words (Surmounted of) because the Canton must be seat­ed in the Corner, and the Rayes proceed from under it.

G: the like with 2 Piles O: born by Van Spingnailz.

B: on a Canton A: a Mulet S: 3 Piles in Bend O: by Pakmane: And also by Guddyer, Sans Mullet.

A: on the like S: a Leopards face O: 3 such Piles G. by Van Seltz: With a Rose O: and Piles waved: by Vantz.

O: the like S: and 5 such Piles G: by Mainscham.

O: the like with 3 Piles wavey G: by Voloignez.

A: the like G: the 3. Piles Engr: S. by Silversbourgh.

Of the Bend.

2. THE Bend containeth the fifth part of the field, as it is uncharged, but if it be charged, then it is the third part of the field, as the next will demonstrate.

I. He beareth Argent, a Bend Vert: born by the name of St. Nichol. The Bend hath it's denomination from the French word, Bender; which signifieth, to Stretch forth: As it doth from on corner to another. Yet in ancient Rolls I have seen the Bend drawn somewhat Arch-wise, or after the resemblence of the bend of a bow.

The Bend of all the Ordinaries exceedeth the rest in it's Dividings, or Diminutions: as the examples shew.

If the Bend stand on the right side to the left, then it needs no other blazoning, [but, a Bend.] But if from the Sinister Chief to the Dexter base it be drawn, then it hath the denomination of, a Bend Sinister.

G. a Bend O. born by Kelloberry, also by Columbers.

B: the like O: born by the Lord Scroup: and also by Grosvenator, or Grosvenor of Eaton in Cheshire. Concern­ing which Coat there was a great Suit between them, but at length determined by the Kings of England and France.

O. the like S: born by Gottlingen of Bavaria.

II. He beareth Gules, a Bendlet, Argent: born by Or­ron. This is one of the Sub-divisions of the Bend, and it containeth the Sixth part of the field.

☞ Where Note that if the field contains more than one Bend, then they are not called Bends, but Bendlets; but all Partitions of Fields are termed Bendy: If there be never so many Divisions. As Chap. 7. Numb. 82.

O: 2 Bendlets G: by the name of Tracy.

A: 2 such G: born by Hackett.

G: 3 Bends O: born by Greleye.

[Page 29]

[Page 30]S: Four Bendlets A: born by the Name of Wol­wardington.

III. He beareth Or, a Gartier Gules: This is another derivative from the Bend, and contains the half of it in bigness. The Word Garteir, is derived from the French Iartier; or from the Norman Word Gartier, both which are the same which we in English call a Gartier, or Garter. It is a Bearing of much Esteem with us in England, from that Renowned Order of Knighthood, called the Garter.

A Bend (saith one) represents a Belt, or the Zodiack Circle: And so every Bend is a Zodiack, every Bendlet is a Colure, every Scarf is a Parallel in the Sphere of Gentrey.

IV. He beareth Azure, a Cost Argent: The conti­nent of this is the fourth part of the Bend, and half the Gartier. It is by most Heraulds called a Cotise. If it be born alone, it is termed a Cost, but if by couples, then they are called Cotises, or Cotizes; and also a Ba­tune (as Leigh noteth): but Bara maketh a Cotise, and a Batune, two distinct things. It hath its name from Costa, which is in the Latin a Rib, either of Man or Beast. The Cost is rarely born but by couples, and that with a Bend (or such like) between them.

V. He beareth Argent, a Riband Azure: This is that other subdivision that is derived from the Bend, and doth contain the eighth part thereof. The Name agree­eth well with the form, and quantity of the same, in that it is long and narrow, which is the right shape of a Riband. This (saith Leigh) is also called a Fissure, and then it receiveth that Name, when it parteth the Field into two colours, and is of it self Mettle.

Thus much of the Bend and its subdivisions; let us now peruse the Bend Sinister, and see how the same is di­vided.

Of the Bend Sinister.

VI. HE beareth Or, a Bend Sinister Azure: The Bend Sinister is sometimes born with another Dexter, which to sight will appear like a Salter.

☞ In Coats of such a nature you must be careful to observe which lieth next to the Field, for that must ever be first named; and not in this only, but in all such Coats, where one Ordinary lyeth over another. As Chap. 8. Numb. 26. to 36.

A [...] such a Bend G: born by Rattaw, of Bavaria.

VII. He beareth Argent, a Scarpe Purpure, of some termed a Scarf: Which is a thing (as Leigh noteth) to be a kind of Ornament, much used with Commanders, and Field-Officers: And is used from the French Word Escharpe, signifying that Ornament worn by Martial Men from the left Shoulder overthwart the Body, and so under the Arm on the right Side. You need not in the blazon thereof to mention the word Sinister, because a Scarpe is never born otherwise than thus.

☞ And although this charge hath some resemblance of the common Note of Illegitimation, yet it is not the same, neither hath it any such signification, for that it agreeth not with the content thereof, nor with the manner of bearing the same: As is plain by the next Example. The Scarpe containeth the half of a Bend Sinister.

VIII. He beareth Gules, a Fissure, or a Staff of Gold. This containeth the fourth part of a Bend: And is by the Dutch born both Nebuley and Waved, which seemeth to be a crooked Wire.

IX. He beareth Argent, a Batune Sable: This is a derivative from the Bend Sinister, and containeth the fourth part thereof. This word Batune is derived from the French Baston, which signifies a Wand or Cudgel. The Batune must ever be couped, and touch no part of the Escochion; which makes it differ from all the subdi­visions of the Ordinaries before manifested. This hath in former times been the only work of Illegitimacy; (per­haps from the Affinity of Baston, and Bastard: Or else to shew that such Issue have not the priviledg of Freemen, and so are subject to servile stroaks:) but now being so ge­nerally known, is wholly left aside. But no more of this, for to give a dash with a Pencil is sufficient herein, which is a secret known only to Heraulds.

The Batune is not born of any of the Mettles, but by the Bastards of Princes, neither ought to be removed 'till three Generations, with which they may bear their Fa­ther's Coat Armour: but when they leave it off, they must bear some other mark in their Coat, such as the Heraulds think fit; or else may alter the Coat in the whole.

Of the Bend divers ways.

X. HE beareth Azure, a Bend Ingraled Argent: born by the name of Groveling.

G: a Bend Ingraled O: born by Marshal.

A: the like S: born both by Ratcliff, and Brodd [...]n.

XI. He beareth Azure, a Bend Invecked Or: born by the name of Braddeler.

XII. He beareth Or, a Bend Waved Azure: Wavy and Undee are all one terms in Herauldry. By the Name of Waterfall.

A: the like S: born by Burton, and by Wallop.

A: two such S: born by Hankford.

A: three such B: born by Wilbraham of Woodhey.

XIII. He beareth Gules, a Bend Wavy Waved Argent and Azure▪ Some term this a Bend Watery. And is born by the Name of Waters.

S: such a Bend A: and B: by the name of Standen.

XIV. He beareth Ermine, a Bend voided Gules: This may also be blazoned two Bendlets. And is born by the Name of Hacket.

XV. He beareth Or, a Bend Azure, edged Argent: by the name of Swivall. This is also blazoned a Bend Argent, surmounted of another Azure: but in my Judg­ment, it rather represents a Hem, or Welt of a Belt, or an Edg of Silver, than two Belts one upon another; which the Bend properly signifieth.

G: a Bend A surmounted on another, born by Zenner of Brunswick.

XVI. He beareth Gules, a Bend Or, double edged Azure and Argent: by the name of Doubleing.

☞ Because some may doubt of the right placing of the Colours of the double edg, they must know, that af­ter the naming of the Bend and its Colours: I next pro­ceed to the colour of the Edging that lyeth next to it, and then name that more remote. Which way of blazoning you are to observe in Coats of this nature, or such like to them; else there may ensue grand mistakes.

[Page 31]XVII. He beareth Argent, a Bend Azure, bordered Or: by the name of Bend [...]aine. Some old Heraulds term the two foresaid Bends, bordered; and some hold that this is the right way of bordering the Bends: To whose Judgment I rather adhere.

☞ Therefore this may be taken for an Observation, that an edg, or hem, or welt, only runs on the sides of the Ordinary; but the Border invirons, or goeth clear round the same, as well the ends as the sides.

XVIII. He beareth Argent, a Bend Gules, Cotised Vert: by the name of T [...]tt [...]ller. If the Bend and Coti­zes were of one colour, then they are both to be named before the colour, and then it is sufficient: Boswel terms it a Bend Cotized, with two Cotizes, and a Bend between two Cotizes; where he had not needed to mention the Number 2, or Word between: For by the blazon of a Bend cotized, we are given to understand there is a Cost, or Cotise, on either side the Bend.

A: a Bend S: cotized G: born by Maconant.

G: a Bend A: cotized O: by Dautre, or Dautte.

O: a Bend cotized S: by Harly of North-Wales.

S: on a Bend A: cotized Er: a Rose G: between two Annulets S: by Conway.

XIX. He beareth Or, a Bend double cotized Gules: This of some old Heraulds is termed a Bend between two Bendlets Gemeles. What a Gemel is you shall know more in Barrs. But in my Judgment this is better blazoned a double Cotize, by reason some Coats are treble; and then, How can they be better expressed than by Cotizes? For their number makes them not to lose their Name: Some again number the Cotises, as a Bend between four Cotizes.

XX. He beareth Argent, two Bendlets Azure, be­tween two Cotizes Gules: by the name of Passaw. Or else thus, two Bends, between as many Cotizes.

XXI. He beareth Argent, two Bends, or Bendlets Cotized, Azure. born by the name of Van Artzat. It the Bends, and Cotizes were of contrary colours, then Blazon them thus; Two Bends Azure, Cotized Gules. As in the last example. Some blazon this Coate, two Bends, each Cotized: which is good.

☞ Here in this Coat, and the foregoing, Numb. 20. You are to take especial notice of Bends Cotized, and Bends between Cotizes: For if there be 2 or 3 Bends, and that all of them stand together, and the Cotizes be on the out-side; Then they are termed 2 or 3 Bendlets, between 2, 4, or 6 Cotizes: Yet if the Cotizes be inter­mixed (as in this coat) then it is termed 2 Bends or Bend­lets, Cotized: That is as much as to say, a Bend Cotized, and a Bend Cotized: For every particular Bend ought to have it's own Cotizes.

XXII He beareth Or, 3 Torteauxes between 6 Co­tizes, Vert: born by the name of Cotterell. Some term them 6 Bendlets. If the Cotizes had been of the same co­lour to the Torteauxes, which are Red; Then you had not needed to have mentioned their colour.

☞ For it is alway to be understood, and observed as a rule, that if the Ordinaries or Charges be of the same colour with them; then the naming of them will serve for the colour. As thus; 3 Torteauxes, between 2 Coti­zes, or Bendlets; born by Inghambourne.

A: 3 such, betw: 2 Bendlets S: born by Ince, or Ins.

XXIII. He beareth Azure, a Bend Engraled Ar­gent. treble cotized, Or: born by F [...]rtiscu [...]. This is of some blazoned, a Bend Engraled between 6 Costs. Now as the Bend is born both plain, and after the several forms of Lines before specified; so also are the Costs born after the same sort: One or Two Examples thereof I shall give you.

A: such a Bend G; cotized S: born by Tetlow.

O: such a Bend V: cotized G: by Reys.

B: such O: double cotized A: by Ownesley.

S: the like A: treble cotized O: by Safe [...]ard.

XXVI. He beareth Azure, a Bend cotized Daun­cettie Argent: by the Name of Dauncester. Here I name not the Bend colour, because it and the Cotizes are all of the same. And the Bend being plain, I mention the Dauncettie after the Cotizes, as belonging to them; which had the Bend been Dauncettie also: I would hove said, a Bend cotized both Dauncettie.

It is also blazoned, B: a Bend A: cotized Dauncett of the Second.

XXV. He beareth Argent, a Bend Azure, double cotized Potent Counter-Potent Sable; anciently termed a Bend between two Bends Potent-Counter-Potent: So that Bends as well as Cotizes are made af­ter the same form. B [...]swell, pag. 35. useth a way of num­bering the Potents within the Cotizes; saying each to contain so many points or pieces: Which way of blazon is very strict, seeing Heraulds must be tied to number where there is no need of numbring; especially consider­ing an Escochion may contain more or less, according to its greatness or smallness: Therefore, in such cases, not only in this, but in several others (the like bearing) it is but a nice curiosity to stand upon such terms.

Azure four Bendlets Potent-Counter-Potent Argent: born by Dewrant.

☞ Cotizes are born both plain, and composed of the several sorts of Lines which the other Ordinaries are. Yet note this, that generally the Cotizes are plain on that side next the Bend (except in those, Waved or Dauncette which ever go alike in both sides; as in the Example, Numb. 24. And in this of Potent-Counter Potent, where the inner sides are only stricken in one to the other.) But if the Cotizes be Invecked, Engrailed, Nowyed, Imbatteiled, or the like, on both sides (as I have seen in Coats of Armour;) then I should think it fit to have the Cotizes nominated, to be Invecked, or Engraled, &c. on both sides. But the one side, and that the outer, be­ing composed of the Lines, it needeth no mention of that side, being it is more common and known, when the both sides are more rare; therefore the fitter to mention.

A: a Bend and Cotizes Engraled S: born by Ducker.

O: a Bend S: Cotized and Engraled on both sides G: by the Name of Mildread. Yet some have been so exact that they have named the outside, or inside, or both sides, according as they are or have been seen.

S: a Bend A: cotized counter-Flowry O: by Kelk.

A: a Bend between two Bends (or Bendlets) Raguled S: born by the Name of Folesby in Durham.

☞ Some blazon it a plain Bend between two other Raguled: but the naming the one between the two other shews the first to be plain, else it had been as easy to say three Bends raguled, if they had been all alike. See Chap. 5. Numb. 20. what Raguled is.

[Page 32]XXVI. He beareth Gules, a Bend of a Limb of a Tree Raguled Argent: by the Name of Penrudock of the Highla [...]ds ▪ ther is a Bend Raguled, which is not after this manner (as if the boughs and branches were cut off) but plain as in Crosses Chap. 5. N [...]mb. 20, 21. Gwilliam, fol. 142 terms this kind of Bend, Raguled and Trunked; which neither Leigh, nor Ferne doth: Neither properly can it be truncked, except it were wholly in the Field, and touch no patt of the sides of the Escochion; and then by some, such is called a Ragged Staff in Bend. That which is in the Bend Crene [...]le, Numb. 32. being made by Art to Scale Walls; is in this naturally found, as fitt­ed for such purpose, as to set up to the side of a Wall, and so to climb up by it.

Ingelsteter a Family in Bavaria, beareth such a Limb e [...]sse-ways, S: in a Field O:

XXVII. He beareth Argent, a Bend Patee Gules; this at first view seems to be Nebulee, from which it is not far unlike, yet something it differs, for Nebulee is round, and this is cornered with accute Angles this is born by the name of Patteson, or Patson.

XXVIII. He beareth Or, a Bend Potentee Vert: born by Crouc [...]er. Here you see the difference between the single Term Potentee, or Potent, to that of Po­tent-Co [...]nter-Potent; Numb. 25. The first having the Lines running on the outside, as all the Lines do; the Second havi [...]g them on, or in the Ordinary, counter-poi­sing one the other.

XXIX. He beareth Argent, a Bend Urdee, or Cham [...]aine, Vert. It is called also, a Bend Uarri­ [...]e [...] on the out sides. And a Bond Crenelle, Points Pointed: but then the heads ought to be set one oppo­site to the other, as in the Bend Crenelle. numb: 32. this is born by the name of Ch [...]msser and by L [...]cett.

XXX. He beareth Or, a Bend Gules: Urdee, or. Champained, (or Championed by Some) Sables & is born by the name of [...]mmenha [...]sen a German Familey this by reason of the Champaine's being of an other colour, is like a Bend Surmounted of an other, Vrdee.

XXXI. He beareth Argent, a Bend Nowy Qua­drat Sable. by the name of Beilsteine. This is also termed a Bend Single Brettessed: or a Bend Nowy Quaderangled

XXXII. He beareth Azure, a Bend Brettessed, Or. This is born by the name of Brescett. This differeth from the Crenell, or Imbatteling, iu two things: first the Bend Imbattled hath a larg and broad Bend, and this rather a Bendlet. Againe Imbattleing stands equally pro­portioned on both sides, with the Nuoches contrary one to the other: whereas this hath them one opposite to the other: as if they were Strong Staves put throw a peece of Timber or a Pole or a tree to clime up thereby. After this maner, Souldiers in default of Scaling Laders, used to put into long Poles and peeces of Timber, Strong pinns of wood: by which they ascended, and surprized the walls of an enimy.

Bends of this nature, have not aboue 3. or 4. of these Nouches, where-as Imbattleing may have as many as one pleaseth: neither is this terme Brettesse, used to any of the Ordinaries, except the Bend, the Fesse, and the Pale, to which it properly be longeth: And is of some old Heraulds called, Bettressed: and Aspined. as c 6 n 62

A such a Bend couped G. by Van Donop of Brunswick.

XXXIII. He beareth Purpure, a Bend Imbattled Argent. by the name of Studman. This is blazoued also a Bend battelled: or Crenelle. And of others termed, Couner-batt [...]ed: or Battelled Counter: battled. because the Battellings generally are set on the two sides of the Bend, one contrary to the other, not opposite.

☞ Mr: Morgan lib: 2 chap: 23. Saith, That it is to be observed: That if any Ordinary be Imbattled, or Crenelle on one side, then it is to be blazoned either Crenell, or Battled, or Imbattled. but if the same be so on both sides: Then it is only termed, Counter-Imbattled, Which may be in Bends, Fesses, Pales, &c.

S: such a Bend [...]r: is born by Ma [...]ston.

G; one Imbattled on the top A: born by Sachkirch.

XXXIV. He deareth Tenney, a Bend Nowy Ar­gent. this is born by the name of [...]utt [...]n, or [...]ottun. As this is only with one Round in the midle of the Bend, so you shall have them Nowy-Losengy, and Uowy-Quadrated. and Coats also that are double and treble Nowy'd ▪ as the next example.

XXXV. He beareth Or, a Bend treble Nowy'd, Gules. by the name of Skarrot. Some call it a Bend No­wyed, if there be more then one Round upon it. others say If there be more then one, it ought to be termed, Botto­ny, or Pomety, and not Nowyed ▪ Yet others blazon it Brettessed-Nowy: Because they stand one opposite to the other, as Brettessing doth. se numb: 32.

XXXVI He beareth Argent, a Bend Counter-Flo­ry, Gules. Such a coate is born by the name of Hellerd, and of Bromflett. Sometymes the Florying is of a contra­ry colour to the Bend: Then blazon it, a Bend G: counter-flory, S. It is of others termed Flory Counter-Flory. and Flory Counter-changed. se the difference of flo­ry, and counter-flory▪ numb: 78.

XXXVII He beareth Argent a Bend Debruced, (or a Bend Fracted, or Removed) Azure. born by Br [...]ker. This was in old tyme blazoned; a Bend Double daun­cette. Which terme I have severall tymes met with in old blasoned coates. Yet could never meet with it manifested by an example, tell in viewing of an old booke in the He­raulds Office, I found a Fesse broken after this maner, and there termed Double-Dauncette: Which I do con­ceive, is nothing agreeable to its being. Also by some it is termed Double Down-sett: Which is more proper, then Dauncette. se numb: 75.

XXXVIII He beareth Azure, Bend Angled, Argent. born by the name of Squarrell. This was of old blazoned, a Bend Bevelle: but Bevelle is with more Acute corners this haveing them of a perfect Square: Therefore more properly said to be Angled.

XXXIX He beareth Gules, a Bend Bevelle, Or. by the name of B [...]vile. This Bend though it be like that numb: 37. yet it is much different, Seing this hath a Sub­stance of the Bend in the joyning of the Bevelle, whereas the other hath none, but the two ends standing, or lying, each side the othe'r.

XL He beareth Argent, a Bend per Bend Indent­ed, Gules & Or. born by the name of [...]r [...]se. this is (as I have shewed, before in the examples of Chiefs) blazoned Point in Point. Which it cannot be except the In­dents run from one side of the Ordinarie to the other. se chap: 3. numb: 47. & 50. Thus Fesses are also born [Page 33] as G: a Fesse Indented A & B. by the name of Wilden. And the same in Pointe by Van Trautenberg of Bavaria.

XLI He beareth Argent a Bend per Bend Crenell or Battled, Vert & Gules. dy the name of Manners. This also is blazoned Point in Point Imbattled: &c

XLII. He beareth Azure, a Bend Gobbony, Or & Gules, else a Bend Gobbonated. This is borrowed from our old English word Gobbeus, or small peeces; For so this Bend seemeth to be cut into.

Such a one over 2 Barrs A: belongs to Leigh of Adlington.

A such an other O B & G is born by Cromwallay.

XLIII He beareth Vert, a Bend Compony, or (after some) Counter-Compony, Or & Vert. born dy the name of Goodcompany. As the aforesaid example doth consist of peeces: So this is framed of two Tracts, or Rows of Colours, Compounded, or Conterly placed.

Er: the like A & S born by Curssune. & Armball.

XLIIII He beareth Or a Bend Chequie, or Checkie, Argent & Sable. born by Stirrope. This way of Chequie, when it i [...] upon Bends, Fesses, Barrs, and such like; is ne, ver lesse then three Tracts, or Rowes of lines; but in all fields there may be as many as the Painter (with difcre­tion) pleaseth. G the like O & V born by Stilley.

XLV. He beareth Argent, on a Bend Azure, three Che­verons, Or. by the name of Bencher. After this maner Bends are charged with Fretts, Fesses, Barrs, Crosses, and Salters. As in the next example.

Ers the like O 4 cheverons G born dy Kendale.

XLVI He beareth Or, on a Bend Azure, a Fesse Ar­gent, charged with a Salter Gules. born by the name of Hadden a Germane familey.

A on the like S 2 Barrs O. by Don Garillo a Spaniard.

XLVII He beareth Purpure, a Bend Archy Argent. or a Bend Champaine, after some Authors: or Shap­ourne, by others. This is born by the familey of Archby.

G the like A: charged with 2 fishes Najant Respep­ing each other B. the coate of Sch [...]mbach of Bavaria.

G: 2 such Sinister O. is Glatz's coa [...]e of Bavaria, & is quartered by Monsterberg a Germane familey.

XLVIII. He beareth Or, a Bend Archee, Coronet­tee on the top side, Gules. Some say, Haveing the higher side Coronett-wayes, Morgan lib: 3. fo: 39. termeth this a Coronet in Bend. but he should then have said (Extended in Bend) because it reacheth from side to side of the shielde.

Barry of 10 ☉ & ♄ such a Bend ♀ born by Peter of Savoy Duke of S [...]xony.

A a Fesse S the like O born by Vau Wageleben.

XLIX He beareth Argent, a Bend Traverse, Coun­ter-pointed, Sable. by the name of Traverse or Travis. This hath the resemblence of a Trench or out worke of a Campe, made by Souldiers when they besiege a Fort, or Citty, to keep their enimies from Sallying out upon them from whence I Suppose it took its name.

L. He beareth Argent, a Bend Fusill, Gules. born by Lymmoll. Some Heraulds number the Fusils, which is need­lesse, when they extend to the out sides of the Escochion: And begin, or end, or both, with Demy-Fusils.

Sometymes you shall find coats with them contrary co­loured, that is, one of one eolour, and the next to it of an other colour: Which is thus termed, a Bend Fusill, Arg- & Gul: Alternatively. or Losenge, A. & G. Grada­tim. or Gradually the one Arg: & the other Gules.

And as these are born in Bend, So are they in Fesse, Pale Crosse &c: Which examples in those Ordinaries I forbear there to shew for brevity sake.

Sone have the Bends plain on the out sides, yet wrought upon with Fusill or, Losenge work, which consisteth of two colours: And then they are blazoned Fusilly or Lozen­gee. se chap: 7. numb: 113.

A the lik S is the coat of Glastingbury.

O the like B born by Hean Foktr [...]m.

LI. He bsareth Azure, a Beud Mascule, Or. born by Wallesey. Bends, Fesses, Pales, &c Are born Masculy like to the Fusill; Which is the same in shape, only the one is Solid, and this Voyded, haveing the field seene through the midle of it: Or these kinds and sorts of Bearings, You shall receive further Instructions in chap: 6 numb: 71 to 88.

☞ If the Field or Ordinary are wrought into Mas­cles, then it is termed, Masculee, or Masculy, or after-others, Mascle-Wayes. As afore-said of Fusill, and of Fusilly: Losenge, and Lozengy. For there is a manifest di­stinction therein, which is to be carefully looked into.

LII. He beareth Argent, two Bends Fusill, Conioyn­ed, Gules. or else termed a Double Bend Fusill: because they stand not asunder, but touching each other in the po­ints. This is the coat-Armour of Strongbow. and of Van Reinsperg of Switzerland in Germanie.

A two such Sinister G is the coat of Van Cresw [...]ts.

LIII. He hath for his Coat-Armour Or, a Bend, and on the Sinister side two Bendletts, Ve [...]t born by B [...]ndy.

A the like G on the same side two such, V by Tarby. If they be of contrary colours as this is: Then first name the Ordinary & its colour: then follow with the Diminu­tions, observeing the place they stand in, whither on the Dexter or Sinistsr side of the Escochion, nameing their maner of forme and the colour they are off.

LIIII. He hath for his Armes Argent, three Bends (or Bendletts) in Chief Gules. by the name of Byr [...]n. These I call Bends in Chief, because they are all seated in the top or head, or chief part of the Escochion, no part of them falling into the Dext [...]r side, but all on the Sinister; which they could not be, if any of them were drawn out of the Chief. Some term them Bendletts on the Sinister side of the Escochion: or on the uper part of the Escochion.

A 3 such V by the name of Honnorrell.

LV He beareth Or, a B [...]udlett Endented on the Lower side, betweene two other; that in base on both, Sable. by the name of Detryment. Others blazon it thus, Three Bends of which one & an halfe is Endented to the base. And others 3. Bendlets, the midle on the neither side and an other in base Endented. Others again I finde termes them 3. bends the mIdle Indented on the bottom, and that in base on both sides.

LVI. He beareth Argent, two Bends Azure, Engrail­ed, Sable. Which is born by Golt [...]xt in the D [...]chy of Bra­bant. This Coate is also blazoned, 2. Bends Engrailed Surmounted of as many. se Cha: 3 numb: 68. an Ex­ample of like nature. [...] G the bend O engrailed A, betw: 6 Coronetts Contrary-posed of the Second: born. by Elsas. Quarterly A & G on the first & last a Bend & 2 & 3 such a Bend Counter-changed. is the coate of [Page 34] the [...] of Str [...]sburg, in Germame.

V the Bend A Engr: O. is born by Milforth.

LVII. He beareth Or, two Bends, that in dase, Hnm­ett, (or Hametted) in the Dexter end, Sable. born by T [...]mm [...]r. Some do blazon it, 2 Bends the undermost C [...]o [...]ed, (or cut Short) in the Top. Se the meaning of the Termes: Humett & Cooped. In the Examples of Fesses of that nature: numb: 63.

LVIII. He beareth Azure, a Bend Archy, Or: Edg­ed, & Aderned, with three of the Celestiall Signes, viz: ♐ Sag [...]t [...]rius, ♏ Scorpio, & ♎ Libra, Sables. This is and may be termed, a Bend containing the fourth part of the Zodiacke; because it hath but three of the Signs fixed theron. If six of them were Seen upon it, then it is termed the Hemi-Spheare, or the Hemi-Zodiacke: That is halfe of the Zodiacke Circle, which is as much as can be seen of the Cele [...]tial Globe at one Instant of tyme & place.

♂ on a Bend Sinister ☽: Three of the Selestial Signes, Viz: ♐ ♏ & ♎ of the first. Is born by the King of Spain in memory of his Discovery of that Quarter of the World called America.

LIX. He beareth Or, three Bends Gules, Floried on the Tops, Sable. by the name of Florisham. Some of our old Heraulds terme these 3 Gartiers, or Costs, Couped on the Top & Flowried.

LX. He beareth Argent, two Bends, the one at the bot­tome, and the other at the Top, Couped & Irradicated or Rent and Torn, (or else Splentered, as some have it) Gules. by the name of Brekenst [...]sse. In such beareings as these, the higher, or that next the Chief, with its concern­ments ought to be first named.

G the like A is born by Splendering.

Of the Fesse

2 THE Next Ordsnary in order to be spoken off, is the Fesse, which is Formed of a two-fold Line, Drawn over-thwart the breadth of the Escochion, in the midle thereof. Which in its Contanent, comprehends the third part of the field, and may not be Diminished.

3. This word Fesse, cometh from a French word that signifieth, The Loines of a m [...]n. This Ordinary hath [...]ine Anciently taken for the same which the Latines call, Baltheum Militar [...] or Cineulum Honoris, a Belt of Honor, because it divideth the field into equall parts, it selfe occu­pying the midle between both: even as the Girdle Inviron­eth the midle part of a man; which was a gift in Ancient tymes, bestowed by Emperours and Kings and their Gene­ralls of the field, unto Souldiers for reward of some especi­all Service. As we may se by Ioab's words to the Messen­ger that saw Absalom hanging in the Oake: Why hast thou not killed him, that so I might have rewarded thy Service with ten Shekells of Silver, & a Girdle (or Armed Belt) as it is in 2 Sam: 18 11. And amongst the Macedonians it was ordained by a Military Law, that the Souldier that had not Killed an enimy: Non militari Cingulo▪ sed Capistro ci [...]geretur. Should not be girt with an Armeing Girdle, but with an Halter.

LXI. He beareth Argent, a Fesse, Gules. by the name of Solers. And also by the familey of Dodingsels.

O the like B born by Vernon Baron of Shipbrock: one of the Ancient Barony's in the County Palatine of Chester.

LXII He beareth Azure, a Fesse Uoided, Argent. by the name of Bluhall. Some will say, Uoided of the Field, which needs not: for by the terme, Uoyded, or Uoiding, is ment, that the colour of the field is seen be­tweene the sids of the Fesse. If the Voided part were of any other colour then that of the field, it is then blazoned, a Fesse Argent, Surmounted of an other' Gules: or of such or such a colour. And againe others do terme them two Barrs, or a Barr Gemeile, Yet it cannot be either, seing it is only the breadth of the Fesse, and set in its own place: whereas the Barrs do equally divid the field. And besides are never born Single. se numb: 86 & 92.

LXIII He beareth Argent, a Fesse Couped, Sable. Anciently this was termed a Fesse Carneile, and by some a Humett, or an Hawmed, as Legh pa 106. & Bosa: pa: 14. If three such as these be in one Coat, then they are and may be properly termed, three Humetts, which by reason of their Extention can be set no other-wayes, then one aboue an other, which is such cases needs no mention­ing to be in Pale. S the like A born by Bostock.

O such a Fesse G by Masham of Essex.

A 2 such V on each 3 flowers De-lis born by Rawley

Er: 3 such G by Dabrigcourt. or Abbriscourt.

LXIV. He beareth Or, a Fesse Humett, Gules. by the name of Humets. This differeth from the Fesse coup­ed in this: That it sheweth its thickness, whereas the other lyes plain on the field shewing none at all. Gwilliams folio 309. is of an oppinion, that this is more properly called a Table, others a Grave ston, and so the same hath bin anciently blazoned. G the like betw: 3 Trestles A by the name of Stratford of Glostershsre.

LXV. He beareth Argent, a Fesse Imbattelled, on the Top, (or higher side) Azure. born by Battlewall. As this is Imbattled, so you shall finde them Indented, En­grailed, Champaine, and the like: according to the se­verall veriaties of Lines before shewed &c: Morgan [...]n his Sphere l: 2 fo 41. Saith, This is the only Imbattelled, for if it be so on both sides the Ordinary, then it is termed pro­perly Counter-Imbattelled.

A such another S by Walton, & by Van Crumenaw.

A the like G by the name of Plaunche.

LXVI He beareth Or, a Fesse Crenell, (or Imbat­telled) Gules. by the name of Crebott. se the next n 67.

A the like betw: 3 Escallops S born by Beckingham.

LXVII. He beareth Azure, a Fesse Imbattelled-counter-Imbattelled, Argent. Here you may se the difference of Counter-Imbattelling, (or Counter-Battleing) to that as hath but only the terme of Imbat­telling, the one being a Fesse in its full thickness, with the Battlements set in good order, & opposite one to the o­ther: but this hath the Battlements the one contrary to the other, so that where there is a void place betweene the Battleing on the one side, it hath that want snpplyed, by haveing the Battleing against it on the other side. And be­sides all this, In the Counter-battleing, the Fesse hath not the same Proportion in thickness, as the Imbattle­ing, for it containes not above the thickness of a Barr.

The aforesaid coat belongs to the name of Barnas.

G 2 such A is born by Arggeln. & by Prancke.

LXVIII He beareth Argent, a Fesse Brettessed, Gules [Page 35] This is likewise no broader then a Barr, and hath the Brettesses set one against the other, as is shewed more fully in the Bend of this nature. numb: 32.

LXIX. He beareth Azure, a Fesse Battled-Imbat­telled, Argent. This is as it were, Double Imbactell­ed: or else, haveing one Battlement upon an other. So that in these five last examples, you may see five ways of bearings in Battlements, and all contrary to others, both in shape, & in the termes of blazoning; Yet neere in re­semblance. others call this a Fesse Grady Imbattelled. and is born by the name of Armestronge. se c 3 n 84.

LXX. He beareth Or, a Fesse Nowye, Azure. by the name of Fessermow. This Nowy is born Quadrant, and Lozeng-wise, of which I gave examples in Bends, n [...]m [...]: 31 34. This is also of some Authors termed a Fesse Bottony, or Pometty. Which being Gules, in a field Argent. is born by A [...]ibson.

LXXI. He beareth Azure, a Fesse Indented, Argent▪ born by the name of De-bingham. Here you se the differ­ence of an Indent, & a Dauncett: The one hath as many Points, or teeth, as you please, standing either contrary or opposite one to the other: but the Dauncett never ex­ceedeth three points (Some say foure) on the top: And that the Points in the bottom, strike directly into the points on the top; So that it seemes to be but a Crooked Fesse, which were it Stretched out, would be Straight, and euen. Which the Indented one could, nor would not be.

A the like G born dy the name of Barton.

LXXII He beareth Argent, a Fesse Dauncett, (or Dauncettee) Purp [...]re. by the name of Stonma [...]sh. or St [...]ndmarch. This hath anciently bine blazoned a Dan­ce; or Dancee: & a Fesse Counter-Indented. It is the oppinion of some Authors, that if the Dauncetts exceed 3 points on the top they ought to be number'd, as a Fesse of 4 5 or 6. Pecces: That is, hath 4 5 or 6 Points on the higher Side. Yet for my own part, I hold it best made when it consists only of 3. points.

This kinde of Fesse I have not only seen Dauncett, but the points have bine Ingra [...]ed, Invecked, & Wa­ved, &c: Which is one addition of a Line to an other; makeing such Coats Prodigious, Yet the like beareings are above 300. yeares old.

A a Fesse Daunsy G (so called of old) & boru by Che­dle of Che [...]le. also by Dedeyne ▪

Er: the like S. born by Deincourt. & G the like A is born by the name of Papworth.

LXXIII He beareth Or, a Fesse Dauncett Coun­ter-Flory Gules. by the name of Flower. And after o­thers, a Fesse Dauncett of two Peeces Floritee. by some termed thus (haveing but two Points) a Double, or two Cheverons Conioyned in Fesse, Counter-Flory. In Coats of this nature, it is very necessary to Number the Points, else the Tricker of Coats may be de­ceived by its terme of blazoning.

B such a Fesse Flowry. O is born by Ploden.

LXXIIII He beareth Argent, a Fesse Dauncett Go­bony, Sable & Gules. or else a Fesse Daunsy, Paly of 6. For the Gobony in such Ordinaryes are ever drawn from Point to Point, or else it will not keep an Handsome Deco­coram. This is born by the name of Courtley.

B a Fesse Dauncett Parted per Fesse Endented, A & S. is born by the name of Doling.

A the Fesse Dauncet Gobony O & G. Van Gens- [...]itz:

LXXV. He beareth Azure, a Fesse Debruced, Or. This Fesse I finde termed severall ways: as Fracted, Re­moved, & Double Downe-set. all which is as much as to say, a Broken Fesse. se numb: 37. Such a Fesse is born dy Raumburgh in Germanie.

LXXVI. He beareth Argent, a Fesse Nebulee on the top, & Invecked in the Bottom, Gules. This is born by the name of Wakewater. The Invecked points ought to an­swer the midle of the Nebulee points, else it is not right [...]y Drawn: besids one part of the Fesse wilbe droader & thick­er then the other, if that be not observed in the Composure of the Ordinary, either of this or any other kinde.

LXXVII. He beareth Or, a Fesse between 2. Barru­letts, Azure. This is born by the name of De la Mare. It is of some termed a Fesse Cotized, or betwn 2. Cotizes: but that is very improper, by reason a Cos [...], or Cotize, is the Diminution of a Bend, and must be set alwayes Bend-wayes, else it loseth it name. But this being the Diminution of a Barre, and set after the maner of a Barr must therefore have its proper term belonging to it selfe, & not to take its name from that to which it hath no Affinity.

It is [...]y others termed, a Fesse between 2. Geme [...]e: And that is as farr from the Marke as the other: For a Gemell ever goeth by Paires, or Couples, & not to be Seperated, but here being parted the are no more Gemells, or Twinns, but Barr [...]ietts.

This is by some more Skilf [...]ll, blazoned a Fesse between 2. Clossetts.. Which is more proper then Cotizes: be­cause the Clossett is the halfe Barr, & is a Diminitive of or from it, as you will heare here [...]ter. unmb: 81. So then to say a Fesse Clossed, or Clossitted, are no bad termes.

A. the like S is born by Sch [...]rp-feste [...] in the Pala [...]ia [...]te of Rhyne. Also A a Fesse & one Barrulett over it V. is born by the same name. G the like A by Pry [...]rs.

LXXVIII. He beareth Argent, a Fesse Gules, be­tween two Barruletts Flory Vert. Here in this Ex­ample, take notice of the difference between Flory, (or Flority, or F [...]urt, as some call it) and Counter-Flo­ry: The Flory or Flurt being only the tops or heads of the Flowers de lis; and the Counter-Flory or Counter-Flurt, have both parts of the Flower de lis▪ but with this difference, that the heads and feet, or bottom part, are ever set contrary one to the other, as in numb. 73. and 83. see the same in a Bend Counter Flory, numb. 36. born by the Name of Trient, of Holland.

LXXIX. He beareth, Or, a Fesse, Azure, between two Barrs Geme [...]l, Imbattelled, Sable. Here is the right term and nature of a Gemell, which like Twins ever go together, there is no parting them: Yet some have blazoned these a Fesse between two double Coti­zes, or (double Cotized) though improperly. Therefore note, That when the Fesse is between two single ones they are termed Barruletts; if they be double, they are Barrs Gemelle; if trebble, they are Barrul [...]tts again; born by the Name of Lamare.

A. a like Fesse B. by the Name of W [...]lfare.

G. the Fesse Cheque Az. S. the Gemells. O. born by Whitwell.

A. Fesse per Fesse Indented: V and S the Gemells counterchanged, born by the name of Stowell.

LXXX. He beareth Azure, a Fesse Ermine edged between two Barrulets: Or: if the Field had been White, [Page 36] I should then have said, 4 Ermyne between two Barrs Gemelle. This is born by the Name of Passaw, a German Family.

S. the Fesse E [...]s▪ the edging and Barruletts. A. born by Strudel.

LXXXI. He beareth Or, a Fesse Argent, edged Gules: or else you may blazon it thus, Or, a Fesse Gules, surmounted of another Argent, born by the name of Weingartyn.

O: 2 barrs: G: edged: S: born by Wittenhorst.

LXXXII. He beareth Azure, a Fesse and Canton Or. What the Canton is you shall know hereafter: But in this Coat, and such of like nature, you must ob­serve, that if these two ordinaries be both of one co­lour, then their parts are not severed by their proper and distinct lines, but are joined together as one entire thing: Nevertheless, they may be easily conceived, what ordinaries they be composed of, notwithstanding the de­fect of the said Lines. And as it falls out in these two, so you shall have the like in Barrs and Cantons, Chie [...]s and Bends, &c. numb. 96.99.

A the like G born by Woodvile.

A 2 Barrs and Canton G born by Deane.

A 3 Barrs and Canton born by Fuller.

S a Chief and Bend A by Chieftaine.

A a Salter and Chief G by Bruse.

LXXXIII. He beareth Argent, a Fesse Azure, Coun­ter-Flory (or Counter Flurty) Sable. This is also termed Counter-Flority, Counter-Flurty, and Counter-Flowred; and some Heraulds use this nice distinction be­tween Flurt, and Flurty, as to say, the first signifies the heads of the Flowers de lis only, and the latter for both top and bottom of the Flower de lis, but so as to have them set contrary one to the other, both on Bends, Barrs or Fesses; and the like they observe in Flory and Flority; the first for the heads, and the latter for the whole Flower de lis contrary set, as in this Example; so that by this observation, and Critick distinction, such Heraulds blazon this Coat thus; Argent a Fesse, Azure Flority or Flurty Sable; but I hold it best blazoned, to have the term (Counter) added, and then there is no fear of a mistake in the tricking; which otherwise, upon such nice expressions, there may be. This is born by the name of Flowerage.

V such a Fesse O born by Harold,

LXXXIV. He beareth Or, a Fesse double downsett Gules: Some term it ramped, and coppee. See more in Cheverons, chap. 6. numb. 27. this is born by the name of Beedle.

Party per Fesse B and G the like Fesse Couped A. is born by the name of Van Sintzendorf, in the Dukedom of Austria.

LXXXV. He beareth Argent, a Demi-Belt fixed in Fesse Azure, Buckled, Edged, and Garnished, Or, this is the true Fesse, which is meant for nothing else but a Belt encompassing the middle or waist of a Man; and I call it a demy Belt, because but the one half of it is seen; Though some Blazon it a Soldiers Belt extended in Fesse. This is a German Coat, and is born by the name of Beltmaine.

Of the Barr.

3 THE next in order to the Fesse is the Barre, and may (without offence) be said to be a dimi­nution of the Fesse, though some Heralds hold that it cannot be divided, but that the Barr is an ordinary of it self, which I shall not much dispute about, but leave it to it self.

LXXXVI. He beareth Azure, a Barr Argent. This ordinary differeth from the Fesse, not only as it contain­eth a less proportion, not exceeding the fifth part of the Field (whereas the Fesse occupieth the third part.) but al­so that it is not tied to any certain or prescribed place, as other ordinaries; but may be transferred to any part of the Escochion.

☞ If there be but one in the Field, by the Rules of Herauldry, it is ever blazoned a Fesse, not a Barr; for it cannot be a Barr, except there be two or more in the Escocheon; as you may see in the following Examples; this I having caused to be set here, for no other end than to shew its diminution from the Fesse.

LXXXVII. He beareth Or, a Closet Azure; a Clo­set is a Charge abstracted from a Barr, and contains the half of it in breadth; and of these there may be five in one Field.

LXXXVIII. He beareth Argent a Barrulet Gules; this is the fourth part of a B [...]rr: These are diversly born in Arms, as plain, engrased, waved, Inbatel­led, and the like, as you have examples in the Fesse be­tween them before shewed, numb. 77, 78, 79. The Bar­rulett saith Leigh, p. 67. cannot be born dividedly, but by couples, unless they be parted with a Fesse or a Barre.

LXXXIX. He beareth Argent, two Barrs Gules; the Field being divided into five equal parts doth right­ly compose this Coat, giving to each a just quantity and proportion: There are diverse opinions concerning the number of Barrs that ought to be contained in one Field; some say more, others less; but after the propor­tion of the Barr without diminishing it, the Field will contain but three, yet to the number of four may (without offence) be blazoned Barrs, and that in my Judgment can be the uttermost, what are above that number are termed Barruletts, or Closetts. This is born by that worthy Gentleman, and person of much Worth and Honor, Sir Thomas Mainwaring, of Pever, in the County Palatine of Chester, Baronett.

B the like A born by Venables, late Baron of Kinder­ton in Cheshire.

A the like S born by the Honorable William Brereton, of Brereto [...], Baron Laughlin in the Realm of [...]eland.

XC. He beareth Or, five Barruletts Azure. This is also blazoned Or, five Closetts Azure: by this exam­ple you may see that the Barr doth loose its name when they amount to above four. In Coats of this nature, the pieces of which they are composed, are always of an odd number, as this doth, being of eleven pieces; but if it chance that they fall out to be even, then it is termed Barry of 4, 6, 8, 10, 12. as you will see in chap. 7. numb. 69.77. where Arms are treated of, which have no predominate colour. Barruletts may be born [Page 37] in Coats to the number of fifteen, but not above. This is born by the name of Youthline.

O five such S. born by Selby or Selsby.

A five such G belongs to the Coat of Valence.

A six such G with a bend B born by Scutevill.

A seven such S born by Samson.

XCI. He beareth Argent, two Barrs between as ma­ny Barruletts Azure. This is of some termed two Barruletts Cotized, or between 2 Cotizes. But Cotizes are the proper term for Bends; yet sometimes the term is borrowed by Armorists to Coats of this nature, for the better blazoning of them, as in the 94. example, and 77. This is born by the name of De la Mough.

XCII. He beareth Argent, three Barrs Gemelle Sable: This is another manner of bearing the Barr, cal­led of some three Gemuletts, or Gemews, or Barrs Cuppulles: because they are ever born by Couples, from whence the term Gemelle of Gemellus, Twinns, is derived▪ for a Child is no Twinn, except there be two, so these Barrs are not termed Gemelles except they stand by Pairs, or Couples.

☞ This term of Gemelle is used to no ordinary save Barrs, the French Herauld part 2. fol. 14. doth blazon this Coat a Fesse of six pieces, but this is in regard the word (Face) stand both for a Fesse and a Barr. And also three Gumelles, they were called ab antiquo. This is born by the name of Creswell.

G 3 such O born by Bensted.

B 2 such A born by Sipherwast.

S 3 such born by Buckton, with a Canton A.

G 3 such O a Canton S. born by Sir Humphry Briggs, of Shasnall, Barronett.

XCIII. He beareth Azure, three Barrs Indented in the neither sides, Argent. born by the name of Vndercut, or Vndercourt.

XCIV. He beareth Argent, two Barrs Cotized Azure▪ and some thus, a Barr Gemelle between two Barrs Cotized: Others term it, a Barr between two Closetts in Chief, and the like in Base. But the first is most proper, though it have but a borrowed term of blazoning by Cotizes) instead of Barruletts.

☞ By which example you may note the difference between the Barrs being together, as numb. 91. and this of the Cotizes between the Barrs; for what thing soever is cotized, if they be two, three, or four, if they be said to be cotized, every particular must and ought to have its own Cotizes; so that the two between the Barrs, shews that one of them belongs to one Barr, and the other to the other Barr, as is shewed in Bends, n [...]mb. 20, 21. some again blazon this 2 Barrs each between two Closetts. This is born by the name of Coupleclosse.

XCV. He beareth Argent, three Barrs, the first with three, the second two, and the third one Imbatell on the top, Gules: Others blazon it three Barrs Imbatel­led on the top, the first with three, the second two, and the last one, by the name of Van Petschach in Holland. The like is born by Van Der Warth of Bavaria.

XCVI. He beareth Argent, a Fesse Imbatelled (or Brettessed) parted (or double parted) Sable. This may very fitly be so termed, from the like parting in the example of Crosses, chap. 5. numb. 82.88. being voided, or hollow, save in the places where the Imbatel­ling doth join the same; otherwise if there were no joining in the middle, it would then be blazoned, a Fesse imbatelled, voided. Some term this three Pales cooped, and two Barruletts conjoined Sable. Being all of one colour, they are joined together without the distinction of the lines of the Ordinories, as in the ex­ample before, of a Fesse and Canton, numb. 82. Others term it three Billets and two Barruletts conjoined Sable. This is born by the name of Vau Yssinburgh.

XCVII. He beareth Or, three Barrs Dauncette Vert. by the name of Balumy.

O 3 such G by Del [...]mare.

G 3 such A born by Catenham.

XCVIII. He beareth Argent, three Pales Gules, over all three Barrs Or; born by Strongbare. The like ha­ving the Pales S. and Barrs G. by the name of Barre.

XCIX. He beareth Or, two Barrs a Canton, and another in Sinister Base, Gules, born by De [...]nelough.

C. He beareth Argent, two Barrs Counterpoten­tee Gules, edged Sable. There is some difference be­tween po [...]en [...], and potentee or potented, the one ha­ving the potents on the outside o [...] the Fesse, as you may see in the Bend mentioned in this Plate, numb. 28. And this where they are all composed in the Fesse or Barrs, running contrary one to the other, thereby making them­selves a compleat Ordinary: And as it is in this form of Line, so you will often find Fields and Ordinaries, so made, as in chap. 7. numb. 117. Some t [...]rm this 2 Barrs potented: and also poten [...]ed in 2 Barrs, and Po­tent counter Potent, as n [...]mb. 25. and potency coun­ter potency; And Potency in Point. This is born by the name of Newcut.

Of the Escochion.

4. THE next Ordinary to be treated on, is the Es­cocheen, which is an honourable Bearing, re­presenting the form of an Escocheon, and containeth the fifth part of the Field (as saith Leigh) but his demonstra­ton, pag. 66. denoteth the third part, and may not be diminished: And although it be subject to some altera­tion, by reason of the different forms of Lines before specified, yet it keepeth its own set form of an Esco­chion.

CI. He beareth Argent, an Escoch [...]n Azure. The Escocheon, saith Gwilliams, fol. 86. I [...] it be set in the Fesse point of the Field, then it shall be called an Inescochi­on, or an Escochion of preten [...]e: but if it be remo­ved to any other place in the Field, or if there be more than one, then you shall term the same Escochion or Escochions born by the name of Bartron.

B the same A born by Harleston.

Er. the same G. born by Hulgrave of Hulgrave.

B 3 of the like A. born by the Worshipful Company of Painters.

A 3 such S. born by Sudham; also by Matzingen.

G 3 such each per Pale A and S. two Cheverons coun­terchanged by the name of Schwartz.

O 3 such B born by Van Ahlfingen.

A an Escochion G by Van Gerolt-Stein, of Rhyne Pa­latinate.

CII. He beareth Gules, on an Escochion of pretence, Argent, another Azure. This was anciently termed by the name of a Fesse Target, because it doth occupy [Page 38] the middle or Fesse point of the Shield. This is born by the name of Scutimore. Sir Iohn Ferne terms it an Escochion of pretence, an Engislet, or Fessy Tar­get on an Escochion of pretence, O another B charged with the like A: such an Inescochion is born in the midst of the Quartering of Hume, Lord Hume, in Scot­land.

CIII. He beareth Argent an Escochion Azure; Flo­ry or Flurt, Sable, born by Nichson. Some use the term Fl [...]rt on the outside in form of a Cross, by reason the Es­cochion (say they) might have had the Flory upon it; but then by their good favour, it would admit of another kind of blazoning, as thus; on an Escochion four Flower de Luces [...]ssuant in form of a Cross: Or after some, four Flower de Lis tops fixed to the sides of the Escochion.

☞ But here is one especial note to be heeded, and then the term (on the outside) needs not to be mention­ed, and that is, when the Escochion is Flory on the out parts, then they are both of one Colour, or two; or of the two Metals, for they cannot be of a Colour and a Metal; but if the same Flory be a Charge on the Esco­chion, then the one must be Metal, and the other a Colour, except it be false Armory.

A like Escochion to this I have seen Counter-Flory, which in number never exceeds three tops and three bottoms of the Flower de Luces, as the next example will demonstrate.

A the like B flory, V born by Portugal.

A an Escochion S. from the Dexter Chief Point, a Rose Slip proper, by the name of Altorf, of Switzer­land.

O an Escochion Flory S born by Van Hagenberg.

CIV. He beareth Argent, an Escochion Counter-Flory of Tulipas and Leaves Vert; if these were of contrary Colours then blazon it thus, an Escochion Sable, Counter-flowred, with Tulippas Gules and Leaves Vert. After this manner you will find Escochions flow­red and adorned with variety of Flowers, Leaves, and heads or tops of Crosses, with other such like things, of which you will see some examples in the Orle, in the next Section, numb. 110. and chap. 9, 28, 29, 30. This Coat is born by the Name of Flowercross.

G an Escochion Losengee. G and B counter-flowered with Tulipa's and Leaves O by the name of Schaven­burgh.

Quarterly O and G. an Escocheon B set with 8 flow­er de luces in point S born by Mandeville, some say set in the out-side with 8 flower de Lis all pointing to the Fesse.

CV. He beareth Or an Escochion indented (or cut, hacked and hewed) into on the Sinister side Vert. This sheweth to be a Shield much in Warr which hath recei­ved many blows upon, and cuts into it. This is the Coat Armour of Van Z [...]mmer.

Of the Tresure.

5. THE next in rank of these kind of Ordinaries, is that of the Tresure with its diminutions, viz. the Orle, which have the form of an Escochion, but hath not the solid substance thereof, being they are evermore voided as in these following examples.

CVI. He beareth Argent a Tresure Sable. This word Tresure, may be thought to be drawn or proceed from the English word (Tract) it being only but a Tract or Line drawn about the sides of the Field; to which term or signification Vpton aludeth, giving it this blazon: Argent a Tract Sable: It ever runneth answerable to the sides of the Field, if on a Shield, then it is in the form of an Escochion; if oval, the Tresure is oval; if square, then it is square; if the Field be round, or triangle, the Tresure is answerable thereunto. This with a Rose, is the Coat of Sir Iosias Tr [...]leman.

A a Cheveron G betw. 3 Cross croslets fitched S. within a Tresure counter-flory G. born by Ken [...]thy Earl of Cassels in Sc [...]tland.

CVII. He beareth Or, a double Tresure counter-flory, Gules. This is all the ways that I ever saw the Tresure born as a Tresure, a Tresure-flory, a double Tresure (or double Trace as the French call it) coun­ter-flory, and a trebble, or two double Tresure, counter-flowred.

☞ Now in the Flory, or Counter-flory, if the Tresure be square then it is set with eight flowers, but if it be any other form, it hath but six set about it. This is born by C [...]mine.

☉ the like, with a Lion rampant ♂, is the Arms of the Kingdom of Scotland.

Of the Orle.

6. THE next in order of this kind, is the Orle, which is an ordinary composed of a threefold line, duplicated, admitting a transparencie of the Field, throughout the innermost Area or space inclosed. This hath the form of an Escochion, though not the solid substance thereof.

CVIII. He beareth Or, an Orle Azure. An Orle is taken from the French word Oreiller, which signifieth a Pillow, as if it were raised iike a Pillow about the Field. Vpton termeth it in Latine Tractus, a Tract or Traile, and a Trace simple; others an Inner border; some an Urle or Escochion voided. This contains only the proportion, as the Escochion of pretence, which is two parts less than the Tressure, and is ever born in the form of an Escochion, let the Field be either oval, triangle, round, or square. This is born by the name of Bertram.

B the like A. born by Spring.

G the like A. born by the name of Humfrevill.

Mr. Morgan saith, if two of these be in a Field, it is termed a Tressure, but I cannot judge of it so, because this is unalterable, let the Field be what it will; and a­gain this is ever set in the Honor Point, and the Tres­sure about the edg of the Field; so that they are two distinct things.

CIX. He beareth Argent, an Orle of three peeces Sable. The Orle is born (saith Chassaneus) of many pieces to the number of six. They are termed a dou­ble, or twofold, Orle, a Triple Trace, or Orle, &c. This is born by the name of De la Champ.

[Page 39]O the like S born of the Bishop of Main, as Mr. Gwilliams, fo. 87. hath set it down.

CX. He beareth Or, an Orle, at each point, the head of a Cross bottony Azure: The Orle (as the Escochi­on) is often born Flory, counter-flory, and otherwise adorned, which for brevity I forbear to give examples; these may suffice to give instructions for many of this nature. This is born by the name of Orlance, or Or­lace.

G the like A born by Van Zedlitz.

S the like O by Van Rinderbach of Swabidia.

CXI. He beareth Argent, an Orle Imbatelled on the outside Azure. This Ordinary is born diversly, ac­cording to the several forms of Lines, and that on the inner and outward parts severally: This is born by the name of Battleround.

If the Orle be Indented, Ingraled, Invecked, &c. on both sides, then it needs no mentioning, but an Orle Ingraled, and so of the rest; but if it be on the out, or inner side only, then it must be mentioned which side it is.

CXII. He beareth Or, an Orle Ingraled Gules. Vpton (cited by Gwilliam, fol. 87.) blazons this an Orle Ingraled on both sides.

☞ Note, that diverse Charges, as well Artificial as Natural, are born Orleways, or in Orle: as likewise in form of Cross, Bend, Cheveron, Salter, &c. The ex­amples whereof I must pass over, until a fit place be of­fered to handle things of that nature. The Orle is likewise composed of the sundry sorts of Furrs, but that I hold needless to use examples, seeing by their diverse manner of bearing in other Ordinaries, they may be easily conceived; and therefore shall leave them to ob­servation. The French blazon this a Trace engreilee on both sides.

S the like A between 3 Cressants Er. born by Bate­man.

CXIII. He beareth Argent, an Orle and Hurts.

☞ Here I mention no colour of the Orle, because it is to be understood to be of that colour as the Hurts are, which is ever Blew. This is born by the name of Shelhurst. Also things set in Orle, or about the Orle are ever of the number of eight, which needs no num­bring or telling; but if they exceed or diminish, then number them as in the next.

A the Orle with Martlets S. born by Winnington and Leftwich.

CXIV. He beareth Or, an Orle Gules, 10 Billetts (in Orle as some term it) Sable.

☞ If any thing be set about the Orle, they are set after the manner of these two examples, and if they ex­ceed 8 in number, they are to be numbered, or under; else not. This is born by the name of Arrowsmith.

This was anciently blazoned an Orle of Humets per Border, because they supplied the place of the Bor­dure.

A the same S. born by Filkin

G the like Er Semy de Billets O born by Welhope or Wallope. The same also by Walleys.

G an Orle & Semv Crusilee O by Bertram.

S the like A Bazontee by Hauks.

Of the Flanches and Flasques.

7. THE next ordinary that follows in order, and according to the method of our Engraving them on the Plate, is the Flanches; which is an ordinary com­posed of a twofold line, drawn somewhat distant (but ra­ther directly) from the corners of the Escochion in Chief, and so swelling by degrees, until they come to the mid­dle of the said Escochion, and from thence descending unto the base points, as in the examples.

CXV. He beareth Gules, two Flanches Argent. This word Flanch, is derived from the French word Flans, which signifies the Flank of Man or Beast. I set the Flanches in the first place, not for preheminence of place) but because of its greater swelling into the Field than the other, and also by reason they are diminuti­ons from this. In the making of these Flanches I ra­ther follow the form of Gwilliams, pag. 84. than that of Leigh, pag. 70. who makes them swell so far into the Field, that they do in a manner touch each other; which they ought not to do.

CXVI. He beareth Or, two Flasques Azure. This is held for the more honorable ordinary (although it be but a derivative from the other) in regard it is more usually born. The term Flasque is either from the French word Fleshier, or of the La [...]ine word Fle [...]o, to bend or bow. These Flanches Flasques are ne­ver born single, but always by couples; and sometimes you shall find these ordinaries composed of the several sorts of Lines before said, and also charged upon as others. This is the reward of a Gentleman for good service.

S an estoile O between them Er. born by Hubard.

CXVII. He beareth Azure, two Uoiders Argent. This is another deminution from the Flattche, and containeth the third part thereof. They are called Uoiders, from the French Vorre, which signifieth a Look­ing-Glass or Mirrour, which in ancient times were made commonly in that bulging form.

CXVIII. He beareth Argent, two Flasques Or, edged Gules; or after other, 2 Flanches charged or surmounted by Flasques. By the name of Iury.

CXIX. He beareth Azure, two square Flasques Argent: Some term them two Flasques rect-ang [...]ed, or acute-angled; but I should rather take them for two Triangles in the place of Flasques. Born by the name of Van Darlipp, alias Van [...]erlip.

CXX. He beareth Argent, a Fesse Azure, two Flasques engraled, Or; surmounted of as many Gules. Some hold that the Flasques cannot be void­ed, for then instead of Flasques they are to be blazon­ed, two Cheveron arches couchant dexter and si­nister. This is born by Van S [...]ualtb. rlt, a Low Country Name and Family.

Sometime the Fesse surmounts the Flanehes as in these Examples.

A 2 Flanches Chequice O. and B. over all a Fesse Er. by Waring.

G 2 Flanches Chequice O and B the Fesse O War­way.

Of the Cross.

I. He beareth Azure, a Cross Or. In antient times it was drawn after this form, and is taken to be the true shape of the Cross on which it is said our Savi­our suffered; yet this form of bearing it, hath been much altered, through the inconsiderate handling of common and unskilful Painters; so that this Cross I have caused to be Cut, only to shew how in ancient Rolls of Antiquity it was formerly depicted; and indeed most consonant to Reason, that the Stem or lower part thereof should be much longer than the cross part, by so much as was requisite for its fixing in the Ground: Yet in the rest of the Crosses following, I shall imitate the vulgar manner of bearing now used. This form of Cross, if it were couped or cut off from the Field, is termed a long Cross, as numb. 45.

II. He beareth Argent, a Cross Gules. This is so generally known in England, that it is usually blazon­ed only St. George's Cross, or the Cross of England. Vp­ton in his time saith, that several Armorists gave it this blazoning; the Shield Gules, four quarters Argent, which is a very uncertain way for to decipher a Cross, seeing quarters all meet in the Center of the Escochion; they might far better have termed them Cantons. If it be not charged, some term it per Cross.

Crosses do receive diversity of names, according to the diverse sorts of Lines whereof they are composed.

A the Cross G the Patronal Cross of St. George for England.

O the same G St. Patrick for Ireland.

B the same O St. Dennis for France.

A the Cross G in the dexter quarter a Bloody Dag­ger; which is the Coat Armour of the honourable City of London.

G the same O by the name of Savoy.

S the same O by the name of F [...]nnel.

V the like O by the name of Rising.

III. He beareth Sable, a Cross couped and pier­ced, Or: Some term this a plain Cross of equal length.

☞ If there be more than one in the Escochion, then they need not to be termed couped; except there be some of the ordinaries between them.

Of Crosses pierced.

2. THere are three ways of piercing the Cross and Salter, which is only in the middle of them, and that is when the colour of the Field is seen through [Page 41]

[Page 42] the same; wherefore good heed must be taken in bla­zoning Coats of this nature; For,

• First, if the piercing be round, then the term pier­ced or perforated, shall suffice to signifie an orbicular or round pierce or hole in the middle of the Cross; but if it be otherwise than round, then it must be named.
• Secondly, a Cross pierced-Losenge-ways, that is, af­ter the form of a Losenge, with the points or acute Angles; streight upward and downward. Some say pierced Losengee, as numb. 65.
• Thirdly, a Cross or Salter pierced quarterly; or quarter pierced, that is, when the hole through the Cross is foursquare, as numb. 13.

☞ If these piercings be in any other part of the ordinary but in the middle, then they are not to be accounted for piercings, but for charges. Or if the Cross a [...]oreshewed, (or a Salter) had with the piercing, any more of the same nature upon any other part; as four of them at the four ends, or else were charged with any other thing, Natural or Artificial, then the pierce is no pierce, but a charge.

IV. He beareth Argent, three Crosses sable, they are never termed couped if there be more than one in a Field, for they are ever understood to be so: neither can two or three be in a Shield except they be couped; without there be some other ordinary between them to which they may be fixed, as a Fesse between two Cros­ses, or a Pale or Bend between two, and the like, as in cap. 8. numb. 67. In which respect they must be termed couped, because they can be fixed to ordinaries, which they cannot in such like coats as this example. This Cross alone in a field, is by Leigh, pag. 30 called a plain Cross humett, or a croissett, and others a Crossett, that is a little Cross. This is born by the name of Cros­by. These Crosses are born composed of the several sorts of Lines, as is before described; and to give exam­ple of all the kinds thereof, is needless; seeing I have done it fully in Pales and Bends, therefore omit them here, seeing there is plenty of other sorts of Crosses.

B a Cross O charged with 5 Roses is born by Grange.

Such a Cross B charged with 9 Beazants, is Hagken's Crest of Westphalia.

V. He beareth Argent, a Cross recoursie Sable. This is by some blazoned a Cross Sable, surmounted of another Argent: of Morgan, lib. 2. fol. 55. it is termed a Cross clechee, but it is fittest recoursie, because it hath the substance of the Cross taken away, the out­sides and ends of it only remaining; and differeth from the Cross voided only in this, that it hath ends, and the voided, none. This is born by the name of Klacher.

VI. He beareth Vert, a Cross recoursie couped, Or▪ by the name of Courser. This is of some termed a Cross coursie voided; others a Cross umbrated, but the umbrated Cross is tied to one colour, which is a blackish or dark colour; but this of recoursie may be of any colour of Mettle, neither hath umbrating so full a skore or so thick a line as this, but only a small line, to make as it were the sign or shadow of a Cross.

Some Heraulds are of opinion, (to whom I adhere,) that the term voiding, is a term only belonging to Crosses that are conjoined to the sides of the Shield, or those that are couped from it, which in the voiding have no ends to the Cross, but the field seen quite through; and that the term recoursie to belong to all sorts of Crosses that are only voided of the field, yet hath the true form of the Cross, which it should have if it were not voided, as you may see in the exam­ples, numb. 10, 11. and that umbrating is only a draw­ing or tricking out the form of any Cross with a dark­ish line, without any substance of a Cross to cast a sha­dow; but is only a meer shadow, as numb. 73.

The like rule may be observed for voiding and re­coursie, in Bends, Pales, Salters, Cheverons, &c. as a Cheveron voided, and a Cheveron recoursie, chap. 6. numb. 7, 9, 10.

B a Cross flurt recoursie A born by Melton.

B a Cross croslett the same A born by Basing [...], and so of the rest of the Crosses.

O the like G born by Crekner.

VII. He beareth Azure, a Cross couped Gules, fim­briated or bordered Argent. Ferne pag. 173. terms this a Cross Argent charged with another Gules; but it is too large a Cross to be charged on another, as the two examples following will manifest. Born by the name of Grassior.

VIII. He beareth Azure, a Cross Argent surmount­ed of another Sable. This is of some termed a Cross edged, in regard so little of the under Cross doth ap­pear, as if it were but an edge, or border, or guard about the sides; but to be edged or bordered, ought to be whole at the ends as well as the sides. Born by the name of Bleashume.

IX. He beareth Vert, a Cross Argent charged with another Gules. Here in these three last examp [...]es you may see the difference between fimbriating (or edg­ing,) of surmounting, and of charging; the edges of the Crosses in bordering ever goeth round the Cross, and surmount hath but a little part of the under Cross to be seen, and that on the sides only; but the Crosses charged, have a greater part of the under Cross seen, and the Cross upon it much narrower, not containing above the third part of the Cross charged. Born by the name of Cros [...]late.

X. He beareth Argent, a Cross voided Sable. This seems to be like the Crosses before said, one to be on another; but if you diligently observe, it is no Cross, but the Field seen through it. Some term this void­ed of the field, which needs not, for by voiding, is al­ways understood to be of the colour of the field. By the name of Woodneth.

This Cross is born also, waved, voided, and en­graled, &c. which is by some Heralds termed sarcelled engraled, which is as much as to say a Cross engraled sawen asunder; but this word sarcelled, is much laid aside.

A such a Cross B born by Wastborn.

S the like A by Walsham.

S the like O by Pulderfield.

B the like O by Cruecur.

G the like A by Duxbury.

XI. He beareth Azure, a Cross voided and coup­ed, Or. Morgan, lib. 4. fol. 60. terms this a Cross recercell disjoint. By the name of Crevequer, of some written Crevecure.

[Page 43]XII. He beareth Or, a Cross Gules, voided of another Sable. Ferne terms this a Cross resarcelled of another; this is an entire Cross, with another stand­ing at a little distance from it, on every side of it. This voided Cross you shall find composed of the seve­ral sorts of Lines before shewed; for the blazoning of which, you must ever have a care to name the inner Cross first, for the other without it, is understood to be cut or sawed from it, as I have given you an example of a Cheveron of this kind, chap. 6. numb. 11.

Crosses then of this nature are thus to be blazoned; Vert, a Cross Or, voided of another ( ingraled, wa­ved, indented, &c.) Argent. If both be of one colour or mettle, then they are both to be named, with the form of the line they are composed, before the colour; which being but once named, signifieth both to be the same.

☞ Note here also, that the ingraling, inveck­ing, indenting, and imbatteling, or what other line the Cross is composed of (except waveing, ought to be plain on that side next to the Cross, the out-sides on [...]ly to be composed of the said lines; for in voidings of this nature, the inner side is ever understood to be plain as you see in many examples of this work among the Bends, Piles, Cheverons, &c. chap. 3. numb. 87. and cap. 6. numb. 12.

But if it fall out otherwise, that you meet with Coats otherwise ingraled, indented, and the like, as it may be Heraulds (who little understand the rules of blazon­ing) will, and do often invent such preposterous Coats, and ingrale or indent them (with the Cross also) on all sides, then it is but adding this ( ingraled, &c. on both sides) in your blazoning; as for example, the field is Argent, a Cross ingra [...]ed Azure, voided of another, invecked on both sides, Sable.

XIII. He beareth Or, a Cross parted Azure. There is difference amongst Authors in the blazoning of this Coat; some will have it to be a Cross, others to be none. Morgan lib. 2 f [...]l. 104. lib. 3. fol. 11.29. terms it in one place, a Cross quartered, and in another place, a Cross quarter voided, and quarter pierced and voided, which are no proper terms, by reason that quartering is rather understood to be some partition and division of a Cross, or any other Ordinary into quarter colours; and not a breaking or dividing of it into pie­ces, as this Cross; see a Cross quartered, or quar­terly quartered, numb. 57. Vpton calls this a Cross perforated, which is all one to Mr. Leigh's term of quarter pierced; which it cannot properly be neither; for a piercing doth not extend it self to the utmost sides or limits of the Cross; but doth receive the pier­cing in the middle, there being the substance of the Cross on all sides and corners of it, which is not so in this.

Others again hold it to be a division of the field in­to nine equal parts, being three rows of which Chequie is said to receive the name; more it may be, but no less; therefore because it is the very least, they give it this blazon, Chequie of Nine. The French Herald, part 3. fol. 31. terms it five points Or, squared order­ly into four, Azure; a Cross charged in the mid­dle (or heart) with a point; and a [...]so four points made equal. This Coat is born by the name of Skattergood.

A such a Cross G is born by Hagenbach of Switzer­lan [...].

I have seen such a Bearing as this, yet divided from the sides of the Escochion in manner of a Cross, the two squares a [...]ove and below much longer than the sides, have five Cinquesoils interposed or set between the part­ed Cross in each void place of the field; which I judg may be thus blazoned, Argent four long sq [...]ares, or long flat squares in Cross, with five Cinquefoils in­terposed Azure. By the name of Squarvile.

XIV. He beareth Argent, a plain Cross waved Azure. Some term it a watery Cross, because it re­presents the Waves of Water, which is drawn upon the Cross by a darker colour than the Blew is. Born by the name of Waver.

XV. He beareth Azure, a Cross corded Or, and Sable. These two Crosses are by Vpt [...]n termed quite, contrary; for the first he calls a plain Cross corded, and this a plain watery Cross; but Leigh terms them thus, whose example I rather follow, being most agree­able to reason, and the nature of the things. Born by the name of Cordwiner.

XVI. He beareth Or, a Cross Barry Nebulee, Gules and Argent. As this is wrought all over with Barry N [...]bulee in point, as some term it; so you shall find them born invented, varry, chequie, go [...]b [...]ny, counter-compony, &c. This is born by the name of Waterer [...]ft.

O a Cross G masculed A by the name of Van Zorn.

XVII. He beareth Sable, a Cross Or interlaced with an Annulett Gules. Some term it fretted with an An­nulett. Born by the name of Van [...].

XVIII. The field is Or, a Cross Azure, with a de­my Flower de lis on each side Sable; the bottoms all turned (or pointing) to the Fesse part. Born by the name of Flowers [...]y. What I have said in numb. 107. about the flowering either of the sides or tops of ordi­naries, will seave as a rule to this, to which I referr you.

XIX. He beareth Gules, a Cross crossed, Argent. Some term it a Cross [...]. Some a [...] Cross crossed; and a Cross crossed fi [...]t. S [...]rely that He­rauld did greatly mistake himself, who termed it a Cross raguled, (for so I have se [...]n it termed in a late Patent) when it is nothing like it; for Ragulings, are Knotches or Knotty pieces standing out of the sides Bevile ways; as in the two next examples. It is term­ed also a Cross Nowyed quadrat. See numb. 22. and 99. This is born by the name of Dazel, or Van Dasell.

XX. He beareth Argent, a Cross Crenelle Azure. This is also termed a Cross raguled, as much as to say a ragged Cross; but this term Raguled is more proper for the following Cross, being ragged and knot­ty like the Limb of a Tree whose Branches have been cut or cropped off.

☞ This term Crenelle is seldom used but to things of a climing nature, as the Cross, Salter and Bend, where the Knots are set Bevile wise: For the Fesse, Cheveron, or Bars, and the like, it is blazoned (Bat­tled [Page 44] or Imbattelled.) This is born by the name of Rag [...]lar.

S such a Cross O born by Stoway.

G the like O by the name of Lyston.

A the like S by the name of Worth of Worth.

A the like G born by Laurence.

XXI. He beareth Gules, a Cross raguled Argent. Gwilliams, fol. 387. terms it raguled and trunked: And Morgan, lib. 2. fol. 10. calls it a Cross trunked; but I conceive that the word trunked were better used, and more proper for this Cross, when it is wholly cut off from the sides of the Escochion; for to say trunked to this Cross, is the same as couped in another, as Leigh, pag. 31. hath it: Yet his Scholar Boswell, pag. 136. bla­zons such a Cross ragged and couped, see numb. 108. This is born by the name of Ragstaffe.

Of Crosses Nowy.

XXII. He beareth Sable, a Cross Nowy Or; it is also termed a Cross Nowy in the Cen [...]er, to distin­guish it from the Nowy Cross where the rounds are on the shanks of the Cross, as numb. 97. but that is term­ed Nowyed, shewing it hath more than one; this be­ing Nowy, which signifieth only one, which must then be fixed in the center of the Cross as the fittest place. This is born by the name of Roundeross.

There are three ways of Nowy in Crosses.

The first is round, that is only termed Nowy.

The second is Nowy Losengie, which is, when the round part is made after the form of a Losenge, as you may see numb. 65.

And the third is Nowy Quadrat, or square in the middle, which Morgan, lib. 3. fol. 68. terms a Cross quadrat in the Center; as much as to say Nowy quarterly. After these three ways are all other Cros­ses subject to, to which after the naming of the form of the Cross, you must add this word Nowy, for usually Crosses are so born in Coats of Armes: If the Nowy be on the shanks of the Cross it is termed Nowyed, sig­nifying more than one, see numb. 97. and 99.

Of the Cross Patee.

2. ALL the former Crosses spoken of, are such as naturally were fixed to the sides of the Shield, and such as are derived from them: I shall now pro­ceed to give you some examples of Crosses which are not fixed, but stand as a charge in the middle of the Esco­chion.

XXIII. He beareth Gules, a Cross Patee Or. This is by Leigh termed a Cross Formie: And Vpton calls it a Cross Patent. I have seen it in an old MS. blazoned a plain Cross streight, from its streightness in the middle. But Bara and some others term it Pa­tee, and gives this reason, quia extremitates ejus sunt pa [...]ulae, because the ends are broad and open, and with these agree many of our Blazoners. This is born by the name of Islip.

G the like A by the name of Cross.

O and G per Pale, such a Cross counterchanged, by the name of Clapton.

S 3 such A is born by Van Schonenburg.

XXIIII. He beareth Or, a Cross Patee Azure, Fim­briated or Bordered, Gules. This is born by Fombriall.

For the term Fimbriated or Edged, and how it do's differ from Charging or Surmounting, I hawe shew­ed in the examples before numb. 5 6 7 8 9.

Argent a Crofs Patee Uoided Gules. Is born by Sr. Will: Braconbridg. This Cross Voided differeth from the▪ Fimbrjated, In this▪ that the Voided shews the field throw it; but Fimbriated is a whole Cross, but it is Edged or Bor­dered with an other colour.

XXV. He beareth Gules, a Cross Patee Fitched in the foote, Argent▪ his is born by the name of Finchert. Some blazon it, Fitched (or Figetive) in the foote of the fourth: and it is termed Fitched, of the Latine word Figo, to Fasten, or make Sure: Because by the Sharpness added to the foote thereof, it becometh more apt to be fastned any where in the ground.

O such a Cross G dorn by Sc [...]d [...]more.

G the like A is born by Fressen ▪ or Freshell.

B the like O is quartered by Oldenburg of Bavaria.

XXVI. He beareth Iupiter, a Cross Patee Fitched, Sol. This was the Coat Armour of Ca [...]wallad [...]r Maur, the last king of the native Br [...]ttaines Lineage.

☞ Note that these two kinds of Fitchings are In­sident to all Sorts of Crosses, of what nature, and Forme soever they be: So that you must take diligent care in the nameing of what kind the Fitching is; whither Fitched, (that is all the whole bottom part) or Fitched in the foot, which is from the midle of the bottom of the Cross.

S such a Cross O born by Collyer.

S the liKe A by Mapl [...]sden.

XXVII. He beareth Diamond, a Cross Patee fitch­ed-rebated, Topaz ▪ born by the Count Littleholden ▪ this is termed Fitched & Rebated: because the Sharp end of it, is (as it were,) Blunted, or Cut off.

XXVIII. He beareth Pearl. a Cross Pat [...]e-Con­caved, (or Rebated Cressant-wise) Ruby. By the name of Wandley. Some term this a Cross Rebated of all foure, in form of a Decressant, or Demy Circle. Others a Cross Patee Blemished, Because part of the broad ends are taken away which doth disfigure it.

☞ If this were Fitched like the former Cross, and Rebated also, then you must have a Care, that you set the term Rebateing, and Fitching, in their right places; that it may be understood what part of the Cross is Re­bated. As thus, a Cross Patee Rebated Fitched, Shews the three parts of the Cross to be Blemished, and the Fitching whole. But a Cross Patee Fitched Rebat­ed, Shews the Fitched part to de Rebated, or cut off. a­gaine a Cross Patee Fitched, both Rebated, or Ble­mished, Shews all the parts of the Cross to be Rebated.

The Cross Patee is also subject to a Double Re­batment, which should have followed, but it is numb: 37

XXIX. He beareth Gules, a Cross Patee Conver­ed, Or. By the name of Honsteine. It is so termed from its Swelling Round, which Artists in Geomatricall Lines, term a Convex, as you may see lib: 3 chap: 9 numb: 27. It is also Blazoned a Cross Patee Glob [...]call, (and Patee [Page 45] Circulated, or Circuled,) For if the corners of the Cross did but meet a little neerer, it wotld then seem to be a Cross directly in a Compass, or Round Circle. And of others (& that not wery Improperly) termed, a Cross Patee Flanchee, or Flaunched. Because they swell Round, as the Flanch & Flasque doth. By the French Ar: morists it is termed, a Cross Patee Alison. The Brick-layers will quickly tell us when they see it, that it is a Cross made of two Brick Axes, or a Cross with the ends of a Brick-Axe forme or shape. see chap: 9. numb: 37.

XXX He beareth Saphire, a Cross Patee fixed in base, (or issuing out of base, as sone have it) Topaz. This is born dy the name of Stidfast,

XXXI He beare [...]h Venus, a Cross Patee Entyre, (or Fixed or Firme) Luna. This is born by the name of Stronger. Because it is the nature of these Crosses to be in the midest of the field, and from thence moveable to any place, according to the Bearers fancie. Therefore it is, that this term ( Fixed, or Entyre,) must be added, to shew that contrary to their owne being, they are joyned to the sides of the Esoochion. For as the Crosses which naturally are Immoveable, are termed Couped, If they be severed or disjoyned from the sides: So these which are moveable are termed Fixed, or Entyre, if they be joyned to the sides. Mr: Morgan l [...]b: 4. fol: 27. Blazons this a Cross Formed throughout. from it old name Formee.

☞ And as it is with the Cross Patee, so it is usuall to and with all other Crosses of what form soever; to be also born both Fitched, Rebated, or Entyre. which in the said perticular Crosses I shall forbear to give examples, se­ing these to the Ingenious are sufficient ro give Instructions. Only I shall shew you the severall kindes & formes of Cros­ses used in Armes, which if Fitched &c: you may blazon them according to their being.

A the like S is the Citty or States Arms of C [...]stantz in the Empire of Germanie.

G the like Endented, A. born by Van Muderspach.

XXXII He beareth Amethist, a Cross Patee In­vecked, Topaz. born by the name of Victory. others bla­zon it a Cross Patee Invecked at the ends: But this kinde of Cross is never Ingrailed, Indented, or In­vecked, in any other part but in the broad ends. Therefore needs not to be mentioned, either on the Ends or Toqs.

XXXIII He beaeth Argent, a Cross Patee Crossed, Sable. Of others a Cross Crossed Patee, or a Cross Crossett Patee. In all which there is no false Blazonry. This is born by the name of Crossefall, or Crossefull.

XXXIV. He beareth Or, a Cross Patee Flurt, Sa­bles. born by the name of Swineston. Morgan li. 4. ca. 29. termes it a Cross Formee Flory, I have seen it in an Ancient M. S. blazoned a Cross Flour-de-lusy: or a Cross Formed Fleury.

A. the like G. born by the name of Sousonhill.

A, the like S. born by Swinerton of Swinerton.

XXXV. He beareth Venus, a Cross Patee Fitchee (or a Cross Patee Fitched on all foure) Luna. This is born by the name of Formale. Of some old writers it was termed a Cross Patee-formy. But for what reason I understand not: It being best termed Fitchee, to shew that all foure are Sharpned at the ends, as numb. 58. & 60. from the word Fitched, which shews only one end to be drawn downe Sharp, as numb: 26. & 74.

A. the like S. born by Belgrave of Belgrave.

XXXVI. He beareth Argent, a Coss Patee Fitchee Disjoyned, Sable. Else a Cross Patee disjoynt fitched of all foure, which is no more then the former, but a mul­tiplying of words. Others say disjoynt in the Center, or midle of the Cross. This is a Germane Coat & is born by the name of Van Nordeckinby.

B. such alike O. is born by Brokencrosse.

XXXVII. He beareth Iupiter, a Cross Patee double Rebated, Sol. by the name of Debruse. this is blazoned Double-rebated by reason that the two corners on each side of the tops of the Cross are cut off: whereby it looseth its breadth, which otherwise it would have had. And from this its cuting or Blemishing in two places, it is (as I said before) termed, Double-rebated, both in respect of its own being, as also to distinguish it from that as is but only Rebated, as numb: 28. that being single & on the Top, but this double & on the sides.

Of the Cross Potent.

3. THESE kinde of Crosses resemble the heads of Crowches, which in Elder days were called Po­tents or Potans, as saith old Chaucer.

XXXVIII. He beareth Or, a Cross Potent Gules. by the name of Malthy. This is by Leigh pa: 4. called a Cross Batune, And also in many old M S. I find it so termed; the reason (as I suppose) is from its composeing of Batunes; or being couped at both ends Batune-like. The French call it a Cross Malthe, Cloche, Crow­chee, or Potency.

G: the like A, born by Peter of Savoy.

O, the like B, by Walwin. & also by Ward.

S, the like O, born by Sr: Edw: Allen Baronett.

XXXIX He beareth Argent, a Cross Potent Cro­ssed, Sable. This was born by Crowcher of Crowcher. Of all Blazoners of old this was called a Cross Gemelle, from the doubleing of the Crouches in the heads of it. this I have seen born in a coat of Armes Fitched in the foot, & blazoned a Cross Gemelle piche.

XL. He beareth Argent, a Cross Potent between 4. other, Sable. The Armes of Vibert de Moredevile. This for shortness is Blazoned a Ierusalem Cross. And thus it is made by the French Heraulds: & after this maner I have seen it born in the Chief of their Shields of Armes, to shew that they were of the holy Society of the Knights Templers of Ierusalem, all which bore it: Though Lei [...]h pa: 32. & some others make the Ierusalem Cross to be a Cross-croslett between 4. Crosses. as numb: 44,

We read of those that were Enrolled for the Voyage into the Holy Land (about the yeare 1187.) received such a Cross from the hands of their Bishopps & Prelates, which was Sowed on the left side of their Garment, right against the heart. The French wore it Red, the English White, [Page 46] the Italians Yellow, the Flemings Green, and the Al­maines & Germanes Black.

A, such a Cr [...]ss O, is the Armes of Ierusalem, & was born by Godfrey of Bullen first Christian king thereof.

Of the Cross Croslet.

XLI. He beareth Azure, a Cross Crossett, Argent; it is also termed a Cross crossie; or a Cross recros­settee; else a Cross crossell; and a Cross crossett, and a Croslett crossed; or more briefly a Croslett; or a Crucell, or Crucellett. By the name of Ta­dington. Vincent, pag. 35. calls it a Recroisee.

A the like Sable. Born by Wickersley, and also by Scott.

O the like B. born by Wickliffe, and by Sinople.

XLII. He beareth Argent, a Cross croslett fitched, (or Fitchy) Sable. And a Crucell fitched Sable, so an­ciently. B [...]swell, pag. 38. a Cross crossettie fitchee; others a Crossett fitched. By the name of Scott.

This Cross Croslett is born Flory in all the ends of the Cross, by the name of a Cross Crosset (or Crossette) Flory.

XLIII. He beareth Argent, a Cross cros [...]et crossed, Sable. Of some termed a Cross double crossed, and a Cross croslet double crossed. It is (as it were) four cross Cros [...]ets joined in one at the center. In a Ma­nuscript thus I find it termed, a Cross croslet cross­ly. Leigh pag. 32. terms this a Ierusalem Cross, but I suppose his meaning is this Cross following. This is quartered very ancient with Ledesham of Ledesham, and is by the name of Bradwell of Lan [...]ashire.

XLIV. He beareth Argent, a Cross crosset between four Crosses Sable. Some term the four Crosses plain Crosses, and others Crossets, which is little crosses. This kind of Cross and Crosses, I find by Leigh to be­long to the Knights Templers of Ierusalem; only he join­eth the little plain crosses, to the sides of the great Cross, the one over against the other.

Of Crosses on Grieces.

XLV. He beareth Vert, a long Cross (or Christs Cross,) mounted on three Grieces in base Or. It is cal­led a long Cross, by reason the bottom part is much long­er than the overthwart part is. Morgan lib. 2. fol. 9.11. calls it a Cross Calvary, and is (saith he) usually mounted on Grieces and Steps like Iacob's Ladder. Gwilliams, fo. 308. terms it a Cross mounted on Grieces.

B two Angels volant O supporting of a Calvary Cross, on three Grieces A is the Arms of the Abby of Wal­tham.

XLVI. He beareth Sanguine, a Cross croslet, or Cross crossed, mounted on three Grieces (or degrees) in base, Argent. Some say mounted in Base on three Grieces.

G such a Cross is born by Iohnes of Llanvaire, in the Principality of North-Wales.

XLVII. He beareth Argent, a Cross Patriarchal crossed, mounted in Base on Grieces Sable. These three examples of Grieces or degrees, should be only termed Grieces, if they were not fixed in the base part of the Escochion. Some number not the number of the Steps, or Degrees, because say they, they are ever three, representing the three Theological Virtnes, by which we mount to the Cross of Christ, viz. Faith, Hope, and Charity. This is born by the name of Ioshline.

Of the Cross Flowry and Flurt.

4. THere are several Crosses alike in shew, yet are different in name; and others are very near in Name, yet far different in shew and form; as exam­ple.

XLVIII. He beareth Mercury, a Cross patonce, Luna. The word patonce is derived from patee, as well as the Cross is composed of the Cross patee, for they are Cousin German, both being broad at the ends, only this of patonce is carved or cut with In­dents in the end. It is termed also a Cross potoncee, and patontee. It was the coat of Bo [...]iface, the 46 Arch-Bishop of Canterbury.

V the like O by Boyd [...]ll of D [...]dl [...]ton.

A the like S by Banester of Bank.

G the like [...]r. by Paynell.

S the same O by Mana [...]ck.

A the same B by David, le Clark to the Earl of Chester.

XLIX. He beareth Gules, a Cross patonce Or, at each side proceeding from the Center, a Trefoil Ar­gent. As this Cross is beset with these Trefoils, so you shall find these and several other sorts of Crosses born in like manner with other kinds of Flowers, Leaves, and Fruit, all stalked, which are thus to be termed, as in this example.

L. He beareth Argent, a Cross Flory (or Flowry, or Floury, Flourey, Flouree) Azure. Here you may see the difference of the Patonce and this of Flowry; the first from the Center goes broader and broader to the end, even as the Patee doth. But this keeps an even Decorum from the middle till it comes to the ends, where it is determinated with a kind of flourish, like to the bottom of a flower de lis. This is the Baron of Malpas Coat.

O the like S by Sir Iohn Brockett.

A the like G by Trussell.

B the like O by Lamplow.

LI. He beareth Argent, a Cross Azure, Flory Or. By the name of Florenc [...].

A the Cross S Flory O born by Newton and Wal­ton.

LII. He beareth Gules, a Cross Avellane Argent. This is another kind of Cross much like to the fore­said, yet of different name and form too, if seriously viewed; this is the old form of it, but of latter times there is another used, as in the example following.

LIII. He beareth Azure, a Cross Avellane, Or. This term Avellane is derived from the Latine word [Page 47] Avellana, a Filberd or Hasle-Nut; for so the Heads thereof do very much resemble such Nutts. It is the Cross set upon the top of the King Mound; an Ensign that represents the Soveraignty and Majesty of a King.

LIV. He beareth Argent, a Cross potent flurt, Sa­ble. Flurt or Flurty doth express the top of the Flower de lis; and Flory the bottom of the flower de lis, at each end of the Cross. Some only term this a Cross flurt, which sometime is engraled, envecked, &c. but not at the ends. Some term this a Cross formy flurt. By the name of Holmeshaw, or Holmshall.

LV. He beareth Saphire, a Cross potent engraled Sol, flurty Pearl. Of some, a Cross engraled flurt, Or; the tops Argent; or at each end the top of a flow­er de lis.

Now here is to be noted, that these kind of Crosses, when they are engraled or envecked and the like, they are never so formed at the ends, but on the sides only, as in this Cross is manifested. This is born by the name of Grailingford.

A the like S between four C [...]rnish Chough. Born by Edwyn Lord of Englefield, and one of the 15 Tribes of North Wales.

LVI. He beareth Sardonix, a Cross couped (or Humett) flurty Pearl. Of some a plain Cross flurt. Born by Fernaux.

A such a Cross B born by Offley of Madely, being charged with a Lion passant gardant O and 4 Cornish Chough. Mr. Morgan lib. 2. fol. 13. terms this only a Cross flurry, without any addition.

B such a Cross A born by Florence and Cheney.

A the like G by Trussell.

LVII. He beareth Or, a Cross quarterly quarter­ed, Argent and Gules, flurty Sable. Here I name not the form of the Cross, as I did in the blazoning of the former (as Humett or couped,) because i [...] saying quarterly, or quarterly quartered, it is to be under­stood that it is a large broad Cross, by reason of the di­visions of colours placed in it, which the thinn and small Crosses could not contain. This is born by the name of Mannaugh.

Of Crosses Fitched double.

5. THE next sort of Crosses in order to be spoken of, is the several sorts of Crosses double fitch­ed, that is, being sharp pointed at all ends; some single, some double, some trebble, as examples following doth demonstrate.

LVIII. He beareth Azure, a Cross fitched of all four Or. This is more like a Galthrop than a Cross, and is of some so termed, but being compared toge­ther, there is great difference. This is born by the name of Sharpley.

LIX. He beareth Iupiter, a Cross Patee double fitched of all four, Sol; or as some of old call it, a Cross Patee furche; furche being then used for what we now term fitched. Mr. Morgan, lib. 2. fol. 13. calls it a Cross Ankred, or an Anchorites Cross. This is the Cross of the Knights of Malta, or Brethren of St. Iohn of Ierusalem; therefore may for brevity sake, be blazoned, a Cross of Malta, or St. Iihn of Ierusa­lem's Cross; but more of this hereafter. The Latine gives it the name of Crux furcata, a Cross furchee, or a Forked Cross. And the French Herald, part 2. fol. 14. calls it a Cross encree, as he doth the Cross moline, see numb. 63.

LX. He beareth Argent, a Cross double fitched of all four, Gules. This Cross I find blazoned several ways; Bosworth, pag. 26. terms it forked. Leigh pag. 34. pitchee. In a MS. in the Office, I find it anciently bla­zoned a Cross furcee, and furchee, (which we now call fursh.) The French Heralds part 1. fol. 13. call it chappee. This is born by the name of Crossfort.

LXI. He beareth Gules, a Cross double fitched, and rebated of all four, Argent. The French Herald part 3. fol. 9. terms it a Cross double, or double dou­bled: Some call it a Cross escartalled, couped; as if it had only a nick or notch, sarcelled or sawed into the four ends of it. This is born by the name of Car­ternall.

LXII. He beareth Or, a Cross potent of all four, double fitched rebated, Azure. Some will have it to be a cross crosiett, double fitched of all four, and debrused or broken off: Others a crosset sarcelled in the four (or head) ends. Born by the name of Sawyer. The French call it a cross double, being G. in a Field O is born by Avitus Abbot of St. Mesnim.

Of the Cross Moline.

6. THE next is the Cross Moline, a Cross both in nature and shape far different from any as yet presented to your view, from which form there is seve­ral others derived, yet of a contrary term in Blazon, as in the examples following.

LXIII. He beareth Saphire, a Cross Moline To­paz. This term is borrowed from the Ink of a Mill, of some called the Moline of a Mill, which is an In­strument of Iron set in the upper Mill-stone, whereby it is turned about, whose crooked ends turn after this manner.

There is both ancient and modern terms given it concerning this Cross, Gwilliams, fol. 93. and all late Authors, call it a cross Moline. Leigh, pag. 34. a cross Sarcell; and so doth Boswell, pag. 25.35. as being a Disciple of his; and both of them in the blazon­ing, hold it not to be a Cross Moline, except it be pier­ced, because the Molyne, or Mill Rind is ever so; but this term of a Cross Moline is not given it, being a right Moline, but borrowed from it, by reason the ends thereof, are much after the manner of the Moline of a Mill. The French call it a cross Encree; and Mr. Vpton, part 2. fol. 14. a cross Reversy'd, or inversed, or turned inwards, as having the ends turning round. This is the old way of making it, with the turning of it almost round: And in an old Roll among the No­bles of those times, is blazoned recersile, O and V. a une Crois recersile G Born by the name of Ingham, as saith Mr. Morgan, lib. 2. fol. 15.

V the like O by the name of Baynham.

[Page 48]O the like S on an Escochion B 3 Plates. Born by Weyer.

LXIV. He beareth Gules, a Cross Molme, Argent. This is the form of the Cross in our times; our He­ralds not making it so much round in the turning of the head, as the foregoing Cross. This is born by the name of Beake.

B the like O born by Molineux, also by Brun and Br [...]ham.

G the like by Bernes [...]on.

B the like A born by Trelesk, and also by Hotoste and Dune.

S the like A born by Folly, and also by Vpton.

LXV. He beareth Vert, a Cross fer de Moline Argent. This is called fer de Moline, because of it pier­cing; for the Mill rind is ever so, as I have shewed in the Salter Moline, and Cross Moline aforesaid. This may otherwise be blazoned, a cross Molyn Nowy Losengie pierced; or a cross Molyn Nowy Mascu­ly. If this Cross had stood Salterwise, it had been termed only (a fer de Molyn,) but the Cross being added to that name, sheweth this to stand Cross ways.

LXVI. He beareth Argent, a Cross Moline reba­ted Azure. This may not unfitly be so termed, in re­gard, the ends are (as it were) cut or worn off. Vpton calls this a cross Miller, because of the near relati­on it hath to the form and fashion of the Mill - rind. This is born by the name of Cross [...]mole. In an ancient MS. I have seen it blazoned by the French Armorists, a Cross Fur [...]hee.

LXVII. He beareth Or, a Cross Fursh Gules. This is also termed, a Cross Miller rebated, as ha­ving the rebatements of the Cross following. Born by the name of Furshall.

O and V per Pale, such a Cross G Born by Hing­ham.

LXVIII. He beareth Sable, a Cross Miller (or Milrine) Or. This anciently hath been Blazoned a cross Moline. Morgan lib. 2. fol. 15. terms it a cross Miltrine, because it hath the ends cramped and turn­ed again, as the Mill-rine is, which carrieth the Mill­stone, it ought to be perforated also, as that is. Born by the name of Miller.

G the like O born by Fensy.

Of Crosses with round Heads.

7. THE next are Crosses with round heads, of which there are several sorts, both of Forms and Bla­zon, as

LXIX. He beareth Argent, a Cross Pomell, Sable. So called from its likeness to the Pomell or Head of a Sword: This Cross Pomell Ovalwise, lying contrary to the Cross, is very anciently born. This Coat is born by the name of Powmale.

LXX. He beareth Gules, a Cross Pomettee, Or; or of some termed double Pomelled. It hath the re­semblance of two Shin-Bones set in Cross, the ends be­ing the round Coronals or bunches which go into the cavity of the Bones, to which they are joined; from whence it is by some called a Cross coronal, or cro­nal. This is born by the name of Corporal.

LXXI. He beareth Azure, a Cross Butteny, or Bottony, Or: Botone saith Leigh, pag. 32. is as much as to say a crossed Budded, but rather Buttoned. Vpton calls it a cross Knotted or Knotty, from the Latin, Crux Nodulata. The French Blazon it a Cr [...]ss Fleuronnee and Fleurdelisee; and Fleuree, as being the Budds of Flowers. This is born by the name of But­ton of Chester.

A the like B by Wastnes.

A the like G born by Holme, also by Bryerlegh.

A a Croslet Bottony G born by Gullet, so termed by Morgan, lib. 3. fol. 69.

Of the Cross Losengie.

8. THERE are divers Crosses also of this kind of bearing, which have contrary terms, as

LXXII. He beareth Gules, a Cross Mascle Or, at each point a Plate. The French Herauld, part 2. fol. 18. calls it a Cross Cleschee or Clechee, Pomettee, and a Cross Thol [...]uze. The Cross Urdee, with other Crosses of this nature, are often found with Rundletts at the points of them thus; which others Blazon a Cross of such or such a form, and termined or ended with twelve Pomms or Apples; for the term (each end) signifies but four, at the utmost ends of the Cross one: This example may serve for all Crosses thus charged. This Cross is like­wise called a Cross Patee mascled. This is born by the name of De la Ballin.

LXXIII. He beareth Argent, a Cross Mascle Um­brated. This sort of Cross or any other that is um­brated, hath no colour mentioned; for of whatsoever colour the field is, (saith Boswell, pag. 25.) the thing mentioned to be in the Field, is to be traced of a con­trary colour, so that the body of the thing shadowed is of the colour of the Field. Gwilliams, fol. 61.67. saith, that the Umbrateing must be done with some unperfect or obscure colour, as Black, or deep Tawney, unless the Field be of the same colour: So saith Ferne also, pag. 174.175.

This is Blazoned a Cross transparent ( quasi transpa­rens) because the Field being (as it were) on the further side of the Charge, or underneath the same, yet the Tincture or Colour thereof sheweth clear through the charge, as if it were through a Glass. Leigh, pag. 36. calls it entrailed, and purfled, or shadowed, never na­ming the colour.

This rule for umbrateing, holdeth good for all sorts of charges, whether ordinaries; or any other Creatures, natural or artificial.

LXXIV. He beareth Vert, a Cross Patee fusil fitched Argent. Some term it three fusils in Cross, and the fourth fitched; but I hold it best termed Patee fusil, because it partakes of both, the inner parts of it answereth the form of the Cross Patee, and the outward parts hath the sharp ends of the Fusill, or Losenge. Neither can it properly be blazoned a Cross Fusil, ex­cept it had a Cross in the middle part, and the Fusils at the ends, as the example, numb. 78, 79. three Fusils [Page 49] conjoined in Cross, and fitched in (or of) the fourth. Others thus, 3 Fusils in Cross fitched. This is born by the name of Patit.

LXXV. He beareth Azure, a Cross of five Fusils (or five Fusils in Cross) Argent. Of these kind of Crosses you shall have three in one Shield, which are thus Blazoned, Azure three Crosses, each containing five Fusils. These Crosses never exceed five Fusils, yet can­not be called a Cross Fusil, by reason it wants a Cross in the middle, as numb. 78. This is born by the name of Maderine.

O a Cross of five Fusils B the middle A born by Bessome. Else say a Fusil A between four other conjoin­ed in Cross B.

LXXVI. He beareth Argent, four Fusils in Cross Gules, else term it a Cross of four Fusils or Losenges: And if three of them be in one Coat, you must Blazon them, a Cheveron between three Crosses, each composed of four Fusils &c. The first born by the name of Fusil­cross, and the latter by the name of Croshurst.

Quarterly O and B such a Cross between 4 Annulett counterchanged. By the name of Peacock.

LXXVII. He beareth Azure, a Cross Fusilly, Or. This after Vpton, pag. 35. is called a Cross Mascula­ted, and Leigh Masculy, and Masculy voided of the Field, when the Escochion is seen through them.

☞ Here note the difference between a Cross Fusil; and the Cross Fusily; which ever extends to the sides of the Shield, and generally begins and ends with half a Fusil, or Mascull, if it be a Cross Masculy. This is born by the name of Fotheringhay.

☞ If this Cross Fusilly were on a plain Cross, as other Crosses often are, to distinguish it from this Fusily. Know that when it is but one colo [...]r, then it is thus made; if on the Cross, then it is of two colours, counterchan­ging one the other.

LXXVIII. He beareth Ermine, a Cross Fusil Gules. By the name of Foscill. Leigh, pag. 35. terms this a Cross Urdee; but I am of their Judgment that call it a Cross Fusil, as having the form of a Fusil on the heads or tops of it; Therefore of some called, a Cross ending Fusilly, or the ends Fusil.

LXXIX. He beareth Purpure, a Cross Fusil reba­ted, Or. By the name of Blemisher. This is rebated or blemished, by having the sharp ends blunted, worn, or broken off.

Of the Cross Vrdee.

LXXX. He beareth Gules, a Cross Urdee (or champain, Or. By the name of Vrdhall. This is an ancient Cross, and goeth under several terms of Blazon, as I have seen in old Manuscripts in the Heralds Office; as, a Cross Mateley, a Cross Flanked, a Cross Cleschee, and a Cross Verdee. The French term it a Cross Ay­guisee.

A the like quarterly quartered A and G. Born by Howell Varf Vehnioc, a Britain.

LXXXI. He beareth Argent, a Cross Urdee re­coursie, Sable: Of others a Cross Urdee voided.

☞ But in the speaking of the Cross recoursie, I told you it was the opinion of good Armorists, that the term recoursie ought to belong to all sorts of odina­ry, as if it were in its own proper nature and being; as in this Cross, where there is no substance of the Cross, but only the form of it, which is (as it were) only traced about. And the term voiding, to belong only to such ordinaries which in their voidings have their ends cut through, so that the Field is seen to the very sides of the Escochion; as in the examples of Cheverons voided and reconrsie, chap. 6. numb. 7.9, 10▪ This is born by the name of Duckingfield of Duckingfield in Cheshire, a very antient Family, of whom is Sir Robert Duckingfield Bar­ronett, now living, 1680.

Some term this a Cross Urdee clechee, shewing that it is pierced through, yet hath its form remaining.