THE CONFESSION OF FA …

THE CONFESSION OF FAITH And the LARGER and SHORTER CATECHISM, First agreed upon by the Assembly of Divines at Westminster. And now approved by the General assembly of the Kirk of of Scotland to be a part of Unifor­mity in Religion, between the Kirks of Christ in the three Kingdoms.

EDINBOURG, Printed by George Swintoun and Thomas Brown, and are to be sold by Iames Glen and David Trench. Anno Dom. 1671.

THE CONFESSION OF FAITH First agreed upon by the Assembly of Divines at Westminster. And now appointed by the General assembly of the Kirk of of Scotland to be a part of Unifor­mity in Religion, between the Kirks of Christ in the three Kingdoms.

CHAP. I. Of the holy Scripture.

ALthough the light of Nature, and the works of Creation and Providence, do so far manifest the Goodness, Wisdom, and Power of God, as to leave men [Page 4] unexcusable Rom. 2.14.15. Rom. 1.19.20, Psal. 19.1, 2, 3. Rom. 1.32.; yet they are not suffi­cient to give that knowledge of God and of his Will, which is necessary un [...]o salvation 1 Cor. 1.11. & 2.14.15.. Therefore it plea­sed the Lord at sundry times, and in divers manners, to reveal himself, and to declare that his Will unto his Church Heb. 1.1.; and afterwards for the better preserving, and propaga­ting of the Truth, and for the more sure establishment and comfort of the Church against the corruption of the flesh, and the malice of Sathan and of the World; to commit the same wholly unto writing Pro. 22· 19, 20, 21. Luk 1.3, 4. Rom 15.4. Mat. 4.4, [...], 10. Isa 8.19, 20; which makes the holy Scripture to be most necessary 2 Tim. 3.15.; those former ways of Gods revealing his will unto his People, being now ceased Heb. 1.1, 2. 2 Pet. 1.19..

II. Under the Name of Holy Scripture, or the Word of God written, are now contained all the Books of the Old and new Testa­ment, which are these.

Of the Old Testament.
  • [Page]GEnesis.
  • Exodus.
  • Leviticus.
  • Numbers.
  • Deuteronomie.
  • Joshua.
  • Judges.
  • Ruth.
  • I. Samuel.
  • II. Samuel.
  • I. Kings.
  • II. Kings.
  • I. Chronicles.
  • II. Chronicles.
  • Ezra.
  • Nehemiah.
  • Esther.
  • Job.
  • Psalms.
  • Proverbs.
  • Ecclesiastes.
  • The Song of Songs
  • Isajah.
  • Jeremiah.
  • Lamentations.
  • Ezekiel.
  • Daniel.
  • Hosea.
  • Joel.
  • Amos.
  • Obadiah.
  • Jonah.
  • Micah.
  • Nahum.
  • Habakkuk.
  • Zephaniah.
  • Haggai.
  • Zechariah.
  • Malachi.
Of the New Testament.
  • [Page]The Gospel according to MAtthew.
  • The Gospel according to Mark.
  • The Gospel according to Luke.
  • The Gospel according to John.
  • The Acts of the Apostles.
  • Paul 's Epistle to the Romans.
  • I. Corinthians.
  • II. Corinthians.
  • Galatians.
  • Ephesians.
  • Philippians.
  • Colossians.
  • I. Thessalonians.
  • II. Thessalonians.
  • To Timothy. I.
  • To Timothy. II.
  • To Titus.
  • To Philemon.
  • The Epistle to the Hebrews.
  • The Epistle of James.
  • The first and se­cond Epistle of Peter.
  • The first, second and third Epi­stles of John.
  • The Epistle of Jude.
  • The Revelations.

[Page 7]All which are given by inspirati­on of God, to be the Rule of Faith and life Luk. 16.29.31. Eph. 3.20. Rev. 22.18.19. 2 Tim. 3.16..

III. The Books commonly cal­led Apocrypha, not being of Divine inspiration, are no part of the Ca­non of the Scripture; and therefore are of no Authority in the Church of God, nor to be any otherwise ap­proved, or made use of, than other humane writings Luk. 24.27, 44. Rom. 3.2. 2 Pet. 1.21..

IV. The Authority of the holy Scripture, for which it ought to be believed and obey'd; dependeth not upon the testimony of any man, or Church; but wholly upon God (who is Truth it self) the Author thereof; and therefore it is to be received, because it is the Word of God. 2 Pet. 1.19 21. 2 Tim. 3.16. 1 Ioh. 5.9. 1 Thes. 2.13..

V. We may be moved & induced by the testimony of the Church, to an high and reverend esteem of the holy Scripture 1 Tim. 3.15.. And the heavenli­ness of the Matter, the efficacy of the Doctrine, the Majesty of the stile, the consent of all the parts, the scope of the whole (which is, to give all glory to God,) the full dis­covery it makes of the only way of mans salvation, the many other in­comparable Excellencies, and the [Page 8] intire perfection thereof, are Argu­ments whereby it doth abundantly evidence it self to be the Word of God; yet notwithstanding, our full perswasion and assurance of the in­fallible truth, and Divine authority thereof, is from the inward work of the holy Spirit, bearing witness by, and with the Word in our hearts Ioh. 2.20, 27. Ioh. 16.13 14▪ 1 Cor. 2.10.11, 12▪ Isa. 59.21..

VI. The whole Counsel of God concerning all things necessary for his own Glory, mans Salvation, Faith, and life, is either expr [...]sly set down in Scripture, or by good and necessary conseq [...]ence may be de­duc [...]d from Scripture: un [...]o which nothing at any time is to be added, whether by new Revelation of the spirit, or traditions of men 2 Tim. 3.15, 16, 17. Gal. 1.8, 9. 2 Thes. 2.2.. Never­theless we acknowledge the inward illumination of the Spirit of God to be necessary, for the saving under­standing of such things as are revea­led in the word Ioh. 6.45. 1 Cor. 2.9, 10, 11, 12.: and that there are some circumstances concerning the Worship of God, and Government of the Church, c [...]mmon to humane Actions and Societies, which are to be ordered by the light of Nature, and Christian [...]rudence, according to the general Rules of the Word [Page 9] which are alwaies to be observed 1 Cor. 11.13, 14. 1 Cor. 14.26, 40..

VII. All things in Scripture are not alike plain in themselves, nor alike clear unto all 2 Pet. 3.6.: yet those things which are necessary to be known believed, and observed for salvation, are so clearly propounded and ope­ned in some places of Scripture or other, that not only the Learned but the Unlearned, in a due use of the ordinary means may attain unto a sufficient understanding of them Ps. 119.103, 130..

VIII. The Old Testament in Hebrew (which was the Native Language of the people of God of Old) and the New Testament in Greek (which at the time of the writing of it, was most generally known to the Nations) being im­mediately inspired by God, and by his singular care & providence kept pure in all ages, are therefore Au­thentical Mat. 5.1 [...], so as in all controver­sies of Religion, the Church is final­ly to appeal unto them Isa. 8.10. Act. 15.15. Ioh. 5.39.46.. But be­cause these Original Tongues are not known to the People of God, who have right unto, and interest in the Scriptures, and are commanded in the fear of God, to read & search them Ioh. 5.39., therefore they are to be tran­slated [Page 10] into the vulgar Language of every Nation unto which they come 1 Cor. 14.6, 9, 11, 12, 24, 27, 28., that the Word of God dwelling plentifully in all, they may worship him in an acceptable manner Col. 3.16, and through patience and comfort of the Scriptures may have hope Ro. 15.4..

IX. The infallible Rule of Inter­pretation of Scripture, is the Scrip­ture it self and therefore, when there is a question about the true and full sence of any Scripture (which is not manifold, but one) it must be search­ed and known by other places that speak more clearly 2 Pet. 1.20, 21. Act. 19.15.19..

X The Supreame Judge, by which all Controversies of Religion are to be determined, and all decrees of Councils, Opinions of Ancient Writers, Doctrines of men, and pri­vate Spirits, are to be examined; and in whose sentence we are to rest, can be no other but the holy Spirit speaking in the Scripture Mat. 22.29.31. Eph. 2.10. Act. 28.25..

CHAP. II. Of God, and of the Holy Trinity.

THere is but one only Deut. 6.4. 1 Cor. 8.4, 6., living, and true God 1 T [...]es. 1.9. Ier. 10.10; who is infinite in being and Perfection Iob. 11.7, 8, 9. Iob. 26.14., a most pure spirit Iob 4.24▪, invisible 1 Tim. 1.17,, without bo­dy, [Page 11] parts Deut. 4.15.16., or passions Act. 14.11., immutable Iam. 1.17, immense 1 Ki. 8.27. eternal Ps. 143.3., incomprehen­sible Ps. [...] ▪43.3., Almighty Gen. 27.1, most wise Ro. 16.27., most holy Isa. [...].3., most free Ps. 115.3., most ab­solute [...] 3. [...]4., working all things accord­ing to the counsel of his own im­mutable and most righteous wi [...]l H [...]b. 1.11., for his own glory [...]ro. 16.4., most loving Ioh. 4, 16., gracious, merciful, long-suffering, abundant in goodness and tru [...]h, [...]or­giving iniquity, transgression▪ and sin Exo. 34.7., the rewarder of them that dili­gently seek him Heb. 11.6, and withall, [...]ost just and terrible in his judgments Neh. 9.32.; hating all sin Ps. 5.5, 6., and who will by [...] means clear the guilty N [...]h. 1.2..

II. God hath all life Iob. 5.26., glory Act. 7.2., goodness Ps 119.68., blessedness 1 Tim. 6.15, in, and of himself, and is alone in and unto himself al-sufficient, not [...]anding in need of any creatures which he hath made Act. 17.24, 25., nor deriving any glory from them I [...]. 27.2., but only ma [...]ifesting his own glory, in, by, unto, and upon them: He is the alone fountain of all being, of whom, through whom, and to whom are all thing [...] Rom. 11.6., and hath most Soveraign domini­on over them, to do by them, for them, or upon them, whatsoever him­self pleaseth [...]. 4.11. Dan. 4.25.. In his sight all things [Page 12] are open and manifest Heb. 4.13., his know­ledge is infinite, infallible, and in­dependant upon the Creature Rom. 11.33, 34. Psal. 147.5, so as nothing is to him contingent or uncertain Act. 14.18 Ezek. 11.5.. He is most holy in all his counsels, in all his works, and in all his commands Ps. 145.17. Rom. 7.12.. To him is due from Angels and men, and every other creature, whatsoever worship, service, or obedience he is pleased to require of them Rev. 5.12, 13, 14..

III. In the Unity of the God-head, there be three persons, of one sub­stance, power and eternity▪ God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Ghost 1 Ioh. 5.7. Mat. 3.16, 17. Mat. 28.61 2 Cor. 13.4.. The Father is of none, neither begotten, nor proceed­ing: The Son is eternally begot­ten of the Father Joh. 1.14, 15.: the Holy Ghost eternally proceeding from the Fa­ther and the Son Joh. 15.26. Gal. 4.6..

CHAP. III. Of Gods Eternal Decree.

GOD from all eternity did, by the most wise and holy Coun­sel of his own will, freely, and un­changeably o [...]dain whatsoever comes to pass Eph. 1.1. Rom 11.33 Heb. 6.17 Ro 9 15.18.; yet so, as thereby, nei­ther is God the Author of sin Ia [...]. 1.13 17. [...] Iob. 1.1., nor is violence offered to the will of the [Page 13] Creatures, nor is the liberty or con­tingency of second Causes taken a­way, but rather established Act. 2.24. Mat. 17.12 Act. 4.27. Ioh. 19.11. Pro. 16.33..

II. Although God knows what­soever may, or can come to pass up­on all supposed conditions Act. 15.18. Mat. 11.12 24., yet hath he not decreed any thing, because he fore-saw it as future, or as that which would come to pass upon such conditions Rom. 9.11, 13, 16, 18..

By the decree of God, for the manifestation of his glory, some men and Angels 1 Tim. 5.21. Mat. 25.41, are predestinated unto everlasting life, and others fore-ordained to everlasting death Rom 9.22, 23. Eph. 1.5, 6. Pro. 16.4..

IV. These Angels and men, thus predestinated and fore-ordained, are particularly, and unchangeably designed, and their number is so certain and definite, that it cannot be either increased or diminished 2 Tim. 2.19..

V. Those of mankind, that are predestinated unto Life, God, be­fore the foundation of the world was laid, according to his eternal & im­mutable purpose, & the secret coun­sel and good pleasure of his Will, hath chosen in Christ unto everlast­ing glory Eph. 1.4. Rom. 8.30. 2 Tim. 1.9. 1 Thes. 5.9., out of his meer free grace, & love without any foresight of Faith, or good works, or perseverance [Page 14] in either of them, or any other thing in the creature as conditions or causes moving him thereunto Ro. 9.11., and all to the Praise of his glorious grace Eph. 1.4. Eph. 1.6..

VI. As God hath appointed the Elect unto Glory, so hath he by the eternal and most free purpose of his Will, fore ordained all the means thereunto 1 Pet 1.2. Eph. 1.4, 5. Eph. 2.10. 2 Thes. 2.13.. Wherefore they who are Elected being fallen in Adam, are redeemed by Christ 1 Thes. 5.9, 10. Tit. 2.14., are effect­ually called unto faith in Christ, by his Spirit working in due season, are justified, adopted, sanctified Rom. 8.10. Eph. 1.5. 2 Thes 5.18, and kept by his power through faith un­to salvation 1 Pet. 1.5.. Neither any other re­deemed by Christ, effectually called, justified, adopted, sanctified and saved, but the Elect onely Ioh. 17.9. Rom. 8.28. to the end. Ioh. 10.26. Ioh. 8.47. [...] Ioh. 2.19..

VII. The rest of mankind God was pleased, according to the unsearch­able counsel of his own Wi [...]l, where­by he extendeth, or withholdeth mercy as he pleaseth, for the glory of his soveraign power over his crea­tures, to pass by, and to ordain them to dishonor and wrath, for their sin, to the praise of his glorious justice Mat. 11.25, 26. Rom. 9.12. [...] [...]im. 2.19. 1 Pet. 2.8..

VIII. The Doctrine of this high Mystery of Predestination is to be [Page 15] handled with special prudence and care Ro. 9.22. Ro. 11.35. Deu. 29.29., that men attending the will of God revealed in his Word, and yielding obed [...]ence thereunto, may from the certainty of their effectual Vocation, be assured of their eter­nal Election 2 Pet 1.10. So shall this Doct­rine afford matter of praise, reve­rence and admiration of God Eph. 1.6., and of humility, diligence and abundant consolation to all that sincerely obey the Gospel Ro. 11.5, 6, 20. 2 Pet. 1.10. Rom. 8.33. Luk. 10.20.

CHAP. IV. Of Creation.

IT pleased God the Father, Son and Holy Ghost Heb. 1.2. Ioh. 1.1, 2. Gen. 1.2. Iob. 26.13., for the mani­festation of the glory of his eternal Power, Wisdom and Goodness Ro. 1.20. Ier. 10.12. Ps. 33.5, 6., in the beginning to create, or make of nothing the World, and all things therein, whether visible or invisible, in the space of six days and all ve­ry good Gen. 1. Cap Heb. 11.5. Col. 1.16. Act. 17.2..

II. After God had made all other creatures, he created Man, male and female Gen. 1.27., with reasonable and im­mortal souls Gen. 2.7. Luk. 23.24 Mat. 10.28, indued with know­ledge, righteousness and tr [...]e holy­ness; after his own Image Gen. 1. [...]6. Col. 3.10. Eph. 4.24., having the Law of God written in their [Page 16] hearts Rom. 2.14, 15., and power to fulfil it Eccl. 7.29., and yet under a possibility of transgres­sing, being le [...]t to the liberty of their own will, which was subject unto change Gen. 3.6. Eccl. 7.23.. Beside this Law written in their hearts, they received a com­mand, not to eat of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, which whiles they kept, they were happy in their Communion with God Gen. 2.12. & 2.8, 9, 10, 11, 23., and had Dominion over the creatures Gen. 1.26, 28..

CHHP. V. Of Providence.

GOD the great Creator of all things, doth uphold Heb. 1.3., direct, dispose, and govern all creatures, act­tions, and things Dan. 4.34. Ps. 135.6. Act 17 25.26, 28., from the greatest even to the least Mat. 10.29, 30, 31., by his most wise and holy Providence Pro. 15.3, according to his infallible fore-knowledge Act. 15.18, and the free and immutable counsel of his own Will Eph. 1.11. Psal. 33.10.11., to the praise of the glory of his Wisdom, Power, Ju­stice, Goodness, and Mercy.

II. Although in Relation to the fore-knowledge and decree of God, Isa. 63.14. Eph 3.10. Rom. 9.17. Gen. 45.7. Psa. 14 5.7. the first cause, all things come to pass immutably, and infallibly Act. 2.23., yet, by the same Providence he or­dereth them to fall out according to [Page 17] the nature of second causes, either necessarily, freely or contingently Gen. 8.22. Ier. 11.35. Ex. 22.13. with Deut. 19.5. Isa. 10.6, 7..

III. God in his ordinary Pro­vidence maketh use of means Act. 27.3. Isa. 55.10.: yet is free to work without Hos. 1.7. Mat. 4.4., above Rom. 4.19, 20, 21., and against them at his pleasure 1 Kin. 6.6. Dan. 3.26.. IV. The Almighty power, unsearch­able wisdom; and infinite goodness of God so far manifest themselve [...] in his Providence, that it extendeth it self even to the first fall, and all other sins of Angels and men Rom. 11.31, 33, 34. 2 Sam. 24.1. 1 Chr. 10.4, 13, 14. 2 Sam. 19.10. Act. 2.23., and that not by a bare permission Act. 14.16., but such as hath joyned with it a most wise and powerful bounding Ps. 76.10. 2 Ki. 19.28, and otherwise ordering and governing of them, in a manifold dispensation, to his own holy ends Gen. 50.20 Isa. 10, 6.7.: yet so, as the sinfulness thereof proceedeth onely from the creature, and not from God who being most holy and righ­teous, neither is, nor can be the Au­thor or Approver of sin Iam. 1.13 14, 17. 1 Ioh▪ 2.16. Psal. 50, 21.

V. The most wise, righteous and gracious God doth often times leave for a season his own children to ma­nifold temptations, and the corrup­tion of their own hearts to chastise them for their former sins, or to dis­cover unto them the hidden strength of corruption, and deceitfulness of [Page 18] their hearts, that they may be hum­bled 2 Cor. 12.25, 26, 31. 2 Sam. 24., and to raise them to a more close and constant dependance for their support upon himself, and to make them more watchfull against all future occasions of sin, and for sundry other just and holy ends 1 Cor. 12.7, 8, 9. Psal. 73. throughout. Psal. 77.1. to 12..

VI. As for those wicked and un­godly men, whom God as a righte­ous Judg for former sins doth blind and harden Rom. 1.24, 26, 28. Ro. 11.7, 8., from them he not on­ly witholdeth his grace, whereby they might have been enlightned in their understandings, and wrought upon in their hearts Deu. [...]9.4., but some­times also withdraweth the gifts which they had Mat. 13.12., & exposeth them to such objects as their corruption makes occasion of sin Deu. 2.30. 2 Reg. 8.12.; and with­al, gives them over to their own lusts, the temptations of the World, and the power of Satan Ps. 81.11.12. 2 Thes. 2.10, 11, 12., whereby it comes to pass that they harden themselves even under those means which God useth for the softning of others Exod. 7.3. 2 Cor. 2.15. Isa. 8.14. 1 Pet. 2.7.8 Isa. 6.9, 14..

VII. As the providence of God doth in general reach to all crea­tures; so after a special manner it taketh care of his Church, and dispo­seth all things to the good thereof 1 Tim. 4.10. Rom. 8.28. Isa. 34.24..

CHAP. VI. Of the fall of Man, of Sin, and of the punishment thereof.

OUr first parents being seduced by the subtilty and temptation of Satan, sinned in eating the for­bidden fruit Gen. 3.13. 2 Cor. 2.3.. This their sin, God was pleased according to his wise and holy counsel, to permit, having purpos'd to order it to's own glory Ro. 11.3.

II. By this sin they fell from their original righteousness and commu­nion with God Gen 3, 6, 7, and so became dead in sin Gen. 2.17., and wholly defiled in all the faculties & parts of soul and body Tit. 1.15..

III. They being the root of all mankind, the guilt of this sin was imputed Gen. 1.17. Act. 17.16. Rom. 3.12, 15, 16, 17., and the same death in sin and corrupted nature, conveyed to all their posterity descending from them by ordinary generation Ps. 51.5. Gen. 5.3. Iob. 14.4..

IV. From this original corrupti­on, whereby we are utterly indispo­sed, disabled, and made opposite to all good Rom. 5.6. Rom. 8.7. Col. 1.21., and wholly inclined to all evil Gen. 6.5. Gen. 8.21. Rom. 3.10.11, 12., do proceed all actual trans­gressions Iam. 1.14, 15. Ep. 2.2, 3. Mat. 15.19..

V. This corruption of nature du­ring this life, doth remain in those that are regenerated 1 Ioh. 1.8. Iam. 3.2. Prov. 20.9. Eccl. 7.20., and although [Page 20] it be, Through Christ, pardoned & mortified, yet both it self, and all the motions thereof are truly and pro­perly sin Rom. 7.5, 7, 8, 25. Gal. 5.17..

VI. Every s [...]n, both original and Actual, being a transgression of the righteous Law of God, and contrary thereunto 1 Ioh 3.4., doth in its own nature, bring guilt upon the sinner Ro, 2.15. & 3.9, 19., where­by he is bound over to the wrath of God Eph 2 3, and curse of the Law Gal. 3.1., and so made subject to death Rom. 6▪13., with all miseries spiritual Eph. 4.16., temporal Rom 8.20. Lam. 3.39., and eternal Ma. 25.41 2 Thes. 1.9..

CHAP. VII. Of Gods Covenant with man.

THe distance between God and the creature is so great, that al­though reasonable creatures do owe obedience unto him as their creator yet they could never have any frui­tion of him as their blessedness and reward, but by some voluntary con­descension on Gods part, which he hath been pleased to express by way of Covenant Isa. 40.13.14, 15, 16, 17. Job. 9.32. 1 Sam. 2.25 Ps. 100.2, 3. Iob. 22.2, 3 Luk. 17.10 Act. 17.24, 25..

II. The first Covenant made with Man, was a covenant of Works Gal. 3.12., wherein life was promised to Adam, and in him to his posterity Rom. 10.5. Rom 5.12. to 20., upon [Page 21] condition of perfect and personal o­bedience 1 Cor. 10.1, 2, 3.4. Heb. 11.13. Ioh. 8.56 l.

III. Man by his fall, having made himself incapable of life by that co­venant, the Lord was pleas'd to make a Second Gal. 3.7, 8, 9, 14., commonly called the Covenant of Grace: Wherein he freely offereth unto sinners, Life, & Salvation by Jesus Christ, requiring of them faith in him that they may be saved Col. 2.17., and promising to give un­to all those that are ordained unto Life, his holy Spirit, to make them willing and able to believe Mat. 28.19, 20. 1 Cor. 11.23 24, 25..

IV. This Covenant of Grace is frequently set forth in the Scripture by the Name of a Testament, in re­ference to the death of Jesus Christ the Testator, Heb. 12.22. to 28. Ier. 31.33. and to the everlasting Inheritance, with all things belong­ing to it, therein bequeathed Mat. 28.29. Eph. 2.15.16, 17, 18,.

V. This Covenant was differently administred in the time of the Law, and in the time of the Gospel Lu. 12.10.. Under the Law, it was administred by Promises, Prophecies, Sacrifices, Circumcision, the Paschal Lamb, and other Types and Ordinances delivered to the people of the Jews, all fore-signifying Christ to come Oal. 3.14. Act. 5.1. Rom' 3.2, 1.23, 28, 30. Psal. 31.1. Heb. 13▪8. ▪ which were for that time [Page 22] sufficient and efficacious, through the operation of the spirit to instruct and build up the Elect in Faith in the promised Messiah 1 Cor. 10.1, 2, 3, 4. Heb. 11.13. Ioh. 8.56., by whom they had full remission of sins, and eternal Salvation; and is called, the Old Testament Gal. 3.7.8, 9, 14..

VI. Under the Gospel, when Christ the substance Col. 2.17., was exhibited, the Ordinances in which this Covenant is dispensed, are the preaching of the Word, & the administration of the Sacrament of Baptisme, and the Lords Supper Mat. 28.19.20. 1 Cor. 11.23.24.25.. Which though fewer in number, and administred with more simplicity, and less outward glory, yet, in them it is held forth in more fulness, evidence and spiritual efficacy Heb. 12.22. to 28. Ier. 31.33., to all Nations both Jews and Gentiles Mat. 28.19. Eph. 2.15, 16, 17, 18.; and is called the New Testament Lu. 12.10.. There are not therefore two Covenants of Grace, differing in substance, but one & the same, under various dispensations Gal. 3.14. Act. 5.1. Rom. 3.21, 23, 28, 30. Psal. 31.1. Heb. 12.8..

CHAP. VIII. Of Christ the Mediator.

IT pleased God, in his eternal purpose to chuse and ordain the Lord Jesus, his only begotten Son, to be the Mediator between God [Page 23] and Man Isa. 42.1. 1 Pet. 1.19. Joh. 3.16. 1 Tim. 2.5., the Prophet Act. 3.22., Priest Heb. 5.5., and King Ps. 2.6. Luk. 1.33., the Head, and Saviour of his Church Eph. 5.13., the heir of all things Heb. 1.2., and Judge of the World Act. 17.1.: Unto whom he did from all eternity give a people to be his seed Ioh. 17.6. Ps. 21.30. Isa. 53.10., and to be by him in time Redeemed, Called, Justified, Sanctified and Glorified 1 Tim. 2.6. Isa. 55.4, 5. 1 Cor. 1.30..

II. The Son of God, the second Person in the Trinity, being very and eternal God, of one substance, and equal with the Father; did, when the fulness of time was come, take upon him mans nature Ioh. 1.1. 1 Joh. 5.20. Phil. 2.6., with all the essential properties, and common infirmities thereof, yet without sin Heb. 2.14. & 4.15.: being conceived by the power of the Holy Ghost, in the womb of the Virgin Mary, of her substance Luk. 1.27.31, 35. Gal. 4.4.. So that two whole Per­fect and distinct Natures, the God-head and the Man-hood, were inse­parably joyned together in one per­son, without Conversion, Compo­sition or Confusion Lu. 31.35. Rom. 9.5. 1 Tim. 3.26.. Which per­son is very God, and very Man, yet one Christ the only Mediator between God and man Ro. 1.2, 4..

III. The Lord Jesus, in his hu­mane nature, thus united to the di­vine, was sanctified and anointed [Page 24] with the holy spirit above measure Isa. 42.1. 1 Pet. 1.19. Iob. 3.16. 1 Tim. 2.5., having in him all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge Act. 3.22.: in whom, it pleased the Father, that all fulness should dwell Heb. 5.5., to the end, that be­ing holy, harmless, undefiled and full of grace and truth Psal. 2.6. Luk. 1.33., he might be thorowly furnished to execute the Office of a Mediator, and Surety Eph. 5.13.: which Office he took not unto him­self, but was thereunto called [...]y his Father Heb. 1.2., who put all power & judg­ment into his hand, & gave him com­mandment to execute the same Act. 17.1.

IV. This Office the Lord Jesus did most willingly undertake Iob. 17.6▪ Psal. 21.30 Isa. 53.10., which that he might discharge, he was made under the Law 1 Tim. 2.6. Isa. 55.4.5, 1 Cor. 1.30., and did perfectly fulfill it Ioh. 1.1. 1 Ioh. 5, 20., endured most grievous torments immediately in his soul Pil. 2.6., and most painful sufferings in his body Heb 2.14. & 4.15.; was crucified and died Luk. 1.27 31, 35. Gac. 4.4.: was buried, and remained under the power of death; yet saw no [...]up­tion Lu. 31, 35. Rom. 9.5. 1 Tim. 3.26.. On the third day h [...] arose from the dead Rom. 1.2, 4, with the same [...]dy in which h [...] [...], with which also he ascend [...] i [...]to heaven, and th [...]re sitteth at the [...]ight hand of his Father g, making [...] h, and shall return to judge m [...]n, and [Page 25] Angels at the end of the World Rom. 14. [...] Act. 1.11 Mat. 13.40 Iude v. 6. 2 Pet. 2.4▪.

V. The Lord Jesus, by his per­fect obedience, and sacrifice of him­self, which he, through the eternal spirit once offered up to God, hath fully satisfied the Justice of his Fa­ther Rom. 5.19 Heb 10.14▪ Eph. 5.2. Rom. 3.25., and purchased, not only re­conciliation, but an everlasting inhe­ritance in the Kingdom of Heaven, for all those whom the Father hath given unto him Dan. 9 2 [...] 26 Col. [...].19.20. Ioh. 17.2. Heb, 9.12▪ 13..

VI. Although the work of Re­demption was not actually wrought by Christ till after his Incarnation, yet the vertue, efficacy, and benefits thereof were communicated unto the elect in all ages successively from the beginning of the World, in, and by those promises, types, and sacri­fices, wherein he was revealed, and signified to be the seed of the Wo­man, which should bruise the Ser­pents head; and the Lamb slain from the beginning of the World; being yesterday and to day the same, and for ever Gal. 4, 4, 5. Gen. 3.15. Rev. 13.8..

VII. Christ, in the work of Medi­ation, acteth according to both Na­tures, by each Nature doing that which is proper to it self Heb. 9.14 1 Pet. 3.18▪, yet by reason of the unity of the Person, [Page 26] that which is proper to one nature▪ is some times in Scripture attribu­ted to the Person denominated by the other Nature Act▪ 20.28 Jo [...]. 3 13. 1 Jo [...]. 3.16.

VIII. To all those for whom Christ hath purchased▪ redemption, he doth certainly, and effectually apply and communicate the same Jo [...]. 6.37., making in­tercession for them [...] Jo [...]. 2.1. Rom. 8.14., and revealing unto them, in and by the word, the Mysteries of Salvation Jo [...]. 15.13 [...]ph. 1.7, 8. Joh. 17.6., effectually perswading them by his spirit to be­lieve, and obey, and governing their hearts by his word and spirit Joh. 14.16. Heb. 12.2. 2 Cor. 4.3. [...]o. 8.9, 14. & 15.18.19 [...]oh. 17, 17., overcoming all their enemies by his Almighty Power and Wisdom in such manner, and wayes, as are most consonant to his wonderful and unsearchable dispensation Ps. 110.1. [...] Cor. 15.15. Mal. 4.2, 3. Col. 2.15..

CHAP. IX. Of Free Will.

GOD hath indued the Will of Man with that natural liberty that is neither forced, nor by any absolute necessity of Nature deter­mined to do good or evil Mat. 17.12 Jam. 1.14. D [...]t. 30.15.

II. Man, in his state of innocency, had freedom and power, to will, and to do, that which was good, & well-pleasing to God Ecol. 7.29 Gen. 1.26.; but yet, muta­bly, [Page 27] so that he might fall from it Gen. 2.16. & 3.6..

III. Man by his fall into a state of sin, hath wholly lost all ability of Will to any spiritual good accom­panying salvation Rom. 5.6. and 8.7. Joh. 15.5.; so as, a natural man, being altogether averse from that good Re. 3.10.11., and dead in sin Eph. 2 1.5. Col. 3.13., is not able, by his own strength, to con­vert himself, or to prepare himself thereunto Joh. 6.44. 1 Cor. 2.14. Tit. 2.3.4..

IV. When God converts a sinner, and translates him into the state of grace; he freeth him from his natu­ral bondage under sin Col. 1.13. Jo [...]. 8.31.36.; and by his grace, inables him freely to will and to do that which is spiritually good Phil. 2.13. Ro. 6.18.22 yet so, as by reason of his remain­ing corruption, he doth not perfectly nor only will that which is good, but doth also will that which is evil Gal. 5.17. Rom. 1.15.18, 19, 21..

V. The will of man is made per­ [...]ectly and immutably free to good alone in the state of Glory only Eph. 4.12. Heb. 11.13. Jude v. 24..

CHAP. X. Of effectual calling.

ALL those whom God hath pre­destinated unto life, and those only he is pleased in his appointed & accepted time, effectually to call Ro. 8.30. & 11.7. Eph. 10.21., by his word and Spirit 2 Thes. 1.13, 14. 2 Cor. 3.36., out of that [Page 28] state of sin and death, in which they are by nature, to grace and salvation by Jesus Christ Rom 8.2. Eph. 2.1, 5. 2 Tim. 1.9., in lightning their minds spiritually and savingly to un­derstand the things of God Act. 26.18. Eph. 1.17.18.; taking away their heart of stone, and giving unto them an heart of flesh; renew­ing their wills, and by his Almighty power determining them to that which is good Ezek. 11.19. Phil. 2.13. Deut. 30.6., Ezek 36.26. & effectually draw­ing them to Jesus Christ Eph. 1.19; yet so, as they come most freely, being made willing by his grace Cant. 1.4. Ioh 6.37..

II. This effectual Call is of Gods free, and special grace alone, not from any thing at all foreseen in man 2 Tim. 1.9. Tit. 3.4.5.8.9., who is altogether passive therein, until being quickened & re­newed by the holy Spirit 1 Cor. 2.1.4. Rom. 8.7. Eph. 2.5., he is thereby inabled to answer this Call, and to imbrace the grace offered, and conveyed in it Ioh 6.37..

III. Elect infants dying in Infancy are regenerated, and saved by Christ through the Spirit Luk. 18.15.16. Ioh. 3.3, 5., who worketh when where and how he pleaseth Ioh. 3.8.: So also are all other elect Persons, who are uncapable of being out­wardly called by the Word 1 Ioh. 5.12. Act. 4.12..

IV. Others, not elected, though they may be called by the Ministry [Page 29] of the Word Mat. 22.14., and may have some common operations of the Spirit, Mat. 7.22 Heb. 6.4 5. yet they never truely come unto Christ, and therefore cannot be sa­ved Ioh. 6.64.65, 66. and 8.24.: much less can men, not pro­fessing the Christian Religion, be saved in any other way whatsoever, be they never so diligent to frame their lives according to the light of Nature, and the Law of that Religi­on they do profess Act. 1 12. Ioh. 14 6. Eph 2.12. Ioh. 4.22.. And, to assert and maintain, that they may, is very pernicious, and to be detested 2 Ioh. v. 9, 10, 11. Gal. 1.6.78.

CHAP. XI. Of Iustification,

THose whom GOD effectually calleth he also freely justifieth Ro. 8.30. and 3, 24. not by infusing righteousness into them, but by pardoning their sins, & by accounting and accepting their persons as righteous: not, for any thing wrought in them, or done by them, but for Christs sake alone: nor, by imputing faith itself, the act of believing, nor any other evange­lical obedience, to them as their righteousness; but, by imputing the obedience and satisfaction of Christ unto them Rom. 4 5.9, 7, 8. 2 Cor. 5.19. Rom. 3.22.24, 25, 26. Tit. 3 5.7. Eph. 1.7. Ier. 23.6. 1 Cor. 1.30. Rom. 5.17.18, 19., they receiving and rest­ing on him and his righteousness by [Page 30] faith, which faith they have, not of themselves, it is the gift of God Act. 10.44. Phi. 3.5. Act. 13.3 [...], 39..

II Faith, thus receiving and rest­ing on Christ and his righteousness, is the alone instrument of justifica­tion John 1.12. Rom. 3.18.; yet is it not alone in the per­son justified, but is ever accompani­ed with all other saving graces, & is no dead faith but worketh by love [...]am. 2.17. Gal. 5.6..

III. Christ by his obedience and death, did fully discharge the debt of all those that are thus justified, and did make a proper, real, and full sa­tisfaction to his Fathers Justice in their behalf Rom. 5.8. 1 Tim. 2.5. Heb. 10.10. Isa. 53.4, 5, 6, 10, 11.. Yet in as much as he was given by the Father for them Rom. 8.32., and his obedience and satisfaction accepted in their stead hand, both freely, not for any thing in them, their justification is only of free grace Rom 3.24, Mat. 3.17 that, both the exact justice, & rich grace of God, might be glori­fied in the justification of sinners Ro. 3.26..

IV. God did from all eternity, de­cree to justifie all the elect Gal. 3.8. Rom. 8.30., and Christ did, in the fulness of time, die f [...]r their sins, and rise again for their justification Gal. 4.4. Rom [...].25.: nevertheless they are not justified, untill the holy spirit doth in due time, actually ap­ply Christ unto them Tit. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7..

[Page 31]V. God doth continue to forgive the sins of those that are justified Mat. 6.12. 1 Joh. 2.1.2.: and, although they can never fall from the state of justification Luk, 22.32, [...] Joh. 10, 8.; yet, they may by their sins, fall under Gods fatherly displeasure, and not have the light of his countenance restored unto them, until they hum­ble themselves, confess their sins, beg pardon, and renew their Faith and Repentance Psal. 8 [...].31, 32, 33. Mat. 26.75.

VI. The justification of Believers under the Old Testament, was, in all these respects, one and the same, with the justification of Believers under the New Testament Gal. 3.9, 13, 14..

CHAP. XII. Of Adoption.

ALl those that are justified, God vouchsafeth, in, and for his only Son Jesus Christ, to make partakers of the grace of Adoption Eph. 1.5. Gal. 4 4, 5.: by which they are taken into the number, and enjoy the liberties and priviledges of the children of God Rom. 8.17. Jer. 14.9. Rev. 3.12., have his Name put upon them c, receive the spirit of Adoption Rom. 8.15., have access to the throne of grace with boldness Eph. 3.12., are inabled to cry Abba, Father Gal. 4.6., are pitied Ps. 103.13., protected Prov. 14.26., provided [Page 32] for Mat. 6.30 1. Pet. 5 7., and chastned by him, as by a Father Heb. 12.6: yet never cast off Lam. 3.31, but sealed to the day of redemption Eph 4 30, and inherit the promises Heb. 6.12, as heirs of everlasting Salvation 1 Pet. 1.3.4 Heb. 1.14..

CHAP. XIII. Of Sanctification.

THey who are effectually called, and regenerated, having a new heart, & a new spirit created in them are further sanctified really & per­sonally, through the vertue of Christs death & resurrection 1 Cor. 6.11 Act. 20.32., by his word and spirit dwelling in them Ioh. 17.17 Eph. 5.26.: the dominion of the whole body of sin is destroyed Rom. 6.6., and the several lusts thereof are more & more weakned and mortified Gal. 5.14. Rom, 8.13., and they, more and more quickned and strengthned in all saving graces Col. 1.12., 2 Cor 7.1. Heb. 12.12. to the practice of true holiness, without which no man shall see the Lord.

II. This sanctification is through­out, in the whole man 1 Thes. 5.23.: yet imper­fect in this life, there abideth still some remnants of corruption in eve­ry part 1 Ioh. 1 10 Rom. 7 18.23. Phil. 3.12.: whence ariseth a continual and irreconcilable war; the flesh lusting against the spirit, and the spirit against the flesh Gal. 5.17. 1 Pet. 2 11..

[Page 33]III. In which war, although the remaining corruption, for a time, may much prevail Ro. 7.23.: yet through the continual supply of strength from the sanctifying Spirit of Christ, the regenerate part doth overcome Ro. 6.14.: & so the Saints grow in grace 2 Pet. 3.18., per­fecting holiness in the fear of God 2 Cor. 7.1..

CHAP. XIV. Of saving Faith.

THe grace of Faith, whereby the Elect are inabled to believe to the saving of their Souls Heb. 10.39., is the work of the Spirit of Christ in their hearts 2 Cor. 4.13., & is ordinarily wrought by the Ministry of the Word Rom. 10.14, 17., by which also, and by the administrati­on of the Sacraments, and Prayer, it is increased and strengthned 1 Pet. 2.2 Rom. 4.1 [...]..

II. By this Faith, a Christian be­lieveth to be true, whatsoever is re­vealed in the word, for the authori­ty of God himself speaking therein Ioh. 4.42. 2 Thes. 3.13 ▪ and acteth differently upon that which each particular passage there­of containeth, yielding obedience to the Commands Rom. 16.26.; trembling at the threatnings Heb. 11.13., Isa. 66.2. and imbracing the pro­mises of God for this life, and that which is to come Heb. 11.13.. But the principal [Page 34] acts of saving faith, are Accep­ting, Receiving, and resting upon Christ alone for Justification, Sanct­ification, and Eternal life; by ver­tue of the Covenant of grace Ioh. 1.11. Act. [...]6.32 Act. 15.11..

III. This faith is different in de­grees, weak, or strong Heb. 5.13: may be of­ten and many waies assailed, and weakned, but gets the victory Luke 22.31. Eph. 6.16.: gro­wing up in many to the attainment of a full assurance through Christ Heb 6.11.12. Heb. 10.22. Col. 2.2., who is both the Author and finisher of our Faith Heb. 12.2..

CHAP. XV. Of Repentance unto life.

REpentance unto life, is an Evan­gelical grace Zech. 12. [...]0. Act 11.18, the doctrine whereof is to be Preached by every Minister of the Gospel, as well as that of Faith in Christ Luk. 24.47. Mat. 1. [...]5..

II. By it, a sinner, out of the sight and sense not only of the danger, but also of the filthiness and odiousness of his sins, as contrary to the holy nature, and righteous Law of God: and, upon the apprehension of his mercy in Christ to such as are peni­tent, so grieves for, & hates his sin [...], as to turn from them all unto God Ezek 18.30, 31. I [...]a. 30.22. Psal. 51.4▪ P [...]a [...]. 119.128., purposing & endeavoring to walk [Page 35] with him in all the waies of his Commandments Psa. 119.6.59.105. Luk. 1.6▪ 2 Kings. 23.15..

III. Although Repentance be not to be rested in, as any satisfaction for sin, or any cause of the pardon there­of Ezek. 36.31, 32. Ezek. 16.61.62, 63., which is the act of Gods free grace in Christ Hos. 14.24. Rom. 3.24., yet is it of such ne­cessity to all sinners, that none may expect pardon without it Luk. 13.3.5. Act. 17.50, 51..

IV. As there is no sin so small but it deserves damnation Rom. 6.23. Mat. 22.36; so there is no sin so great, that it can bring damnation on those who truly repent Isa. 1.16.18..

V. Men ought not to content them­selves with a general repentance, but it is every mans duty to endeavour to repent of his particular sins, par­ticularly Ps. 19.13. Luk▪ 9.8..

VI. As every man is bound to make private confession of his sins to God, praying for the pardon thereof Ps. 51.4. upon which, and the forsaking of them, he shall find mercy Prov. 28.13. 1 Joh. 1.9.: so he that scandalizeth his brother, or the Church of Christ, ought to be wil­ling by a private or publick confess [...] ­on▪ and sorrow for his sin to declare his repentance to th [...]se that are of­fended Jam 5.16. Luk 17 3. Joh. 7.19. Psal 51. [...], who are thereupon to be recon [...]ed to him, and in love to receive him. [...].

CHAP. XVI. Of good Woorks.

GOod Works are onely such as God hath commanded in his holy Word Mic. 6.8 Rom. 12.2. Heb. 13.21., and not such as with­out the warrant thereof, are devised by men, out of blind zeal, or upon any pretence of good intention Mat. 15.9. Isa. 29.13. 1 Pet. 1.18. Rom. 10.2. Ioh. 16.2..

II. These good works done in o­bedience to Gods Commandments, are the fruits and evidences of a true and lively faith Iam. 2.18 22.: and by them, Be­lievers manifest their thankfulness Psal. 116.12, 13. 1 Pet. 2.9.: strengthen their assurance 1 Iob. 2.3., edifie their Brethren 2 Cor. 6.2. Mat. 5.16., adorn the profession of the Gospel Tit. 2.5, 9, 10, 11, 12. 1 Tim. 6.1., stop the mouths of the adversaries 1 Pet. 2.15., and glorifie God 1 Pet. 2.22. Ioh. 15.8., whose workmanship they are, creat­ed in Christ Jesus thereunto Eph. 2.10.: that having their fruit unto holiness, they may have the end, eternal life Rom. 6.22.

III. Their ability to do good works is not at all of themselves, but wholly from the Spirit of Christ Ioh. 15.4 Ezek. 16.26, 27.. And that they may be inabled there­unto, besides the graces they have al­ready received, there is required an actual influence of the same holy Spirit, to work in them to will and to do, of his good pleasure Phil. 2.13 [...] Cor. 3.5.: yet are [Page 37] they not hereupon to grow negli­gent, as if they were not bound to perform any duty, unless upon a spe­cial motion of the Spirit; but they ought to be diligent in stirring up the grace of God that is in them Phil. 2.12 Heb. 6.11.12. Isa. 64.7. 2 Tim. 26.6. Iude v. 20.21..

IV. They who in their obedience attain to the greatest hight, which is possible in this life, are so far from being able to supererogate, and to do more than God requires, as that they fall short of much which in du­ty they are bound to do Luke. 17.10. Neh. 13.22. Ioh. 9.2.7. Gal. 4.17..

V. We cannot by our best works merit pardon of sin, or eternal life at the hand of God, by reason of the great disproportion that is between them and the glory to come; & the infinite distance that is between us & God, whom, by them, we can nei­ther profit, not satisfie for the debt of our former sins Ro. 3.20. Eph. 2.8.9. Psal. 16.2. Iob. 35 78, but when we have done all we can, we have done but our duty, and are unprofitable servants Luk. 17.10., and because, as they are good they proceed from his spirit Gal. 5.22.: and as they are wrought by us, they are defiled, and mixed with so much weakness & imperfection, that they cannot endure the severity of Gods judgment Isa. 64.6. Gal. 5.17. Rom. 7.15.18..

[Page 38]VI. Yet notwithstanding the Per­sons of believers being accepted through Christ, their good works al­so are accepted in him Eph. 1.6. 1 Pet. 2.5. Gen. 4.4. Heb. 11, 4., not as though they were in this life wholly unblamable and unreprovable in Gods sight Job. 9.20., but that, he looking upon them in his Son, is pleased to accept and reward that which is sin­cere, though accompanied with ma­ny weaknesses and imperfections Heb. 13.20, 21. 2 Cor. 8 12. Heb. 6.10. Mat. 15.21 23..

VII. Works done by unregenerate men, although, for the mater of them they may be things which God com­mands, and of good use, both to themselves and others 2 Kings 10.30, 31. Phil. 1.15.16, 18., yet because they proceed not from an heart pu­rified by faith Gen. 4.9. Heb. 11.4▪, nor are done in a right manner, according to the word 1 Cor. 13 3, Isa. 12., nor to a right end, the glory of God Mat. 6.3., they are therefore sinful, and cannot please God, or make a man meet to receive grace from God Hag. 2.14. Tit. 1.15. Amos 5.21.22 Hos. [...].4.. And yet their neglect of them is more sinful and displeasing unto God Ps. 14.4. Job. 21.14, 15. Mat. 25.41..

CHAP. XVII. Of Perseverance.

THey whom God hath accepted in his [...]eloved, effectually cal­led, a [...]d sanctified by hi [...] Spirit, can [Page 39] neither to [...]ally nor finally; fall away from the state of grace: but shall certainly persevere [...]herein to the end, and be eternally saved Phi [...]. 1.6. 2 Pet. 1.10. 1 Ioh. 2.9. 1 Pet. 1.5..

II. This perseverance of the Saints depends not upon their own free will, but upon the immutability of the decree of election, flowing from the free & unch [...]ngeable love of God the Father 2 Tim. 2.18, 19. Ier. 31.3., upon the e [...]ficacy of the merit and in [...]ercession of Jesus Chri [...] Heb. 10.10, 11. Heb. 9.12, 13.14, 15. Luk. 12.32 ▪ the abiding of the spirit, & of the seed of God within them Ioh. 4.16 John 2▪27., and the nature of the Covenant of Grace Jer. 32.40.: from all which ariseth also the certainty & infalli [...]ility thereof Joh. 10.28 1 Joh. 2.19..

III. Nevertheless, they may through the temptations of [...]atan & of the world, the prevalency of cor­ruption remaining in them; and the neglect of the means of their preser­vation, fall into grievous sins Mat. 26.70, 71, 74., and for a time continue therein Psal. 51.14▪, where­by they incur Gods displeasure Isa. 64.5., and grieve his holy spirit Eph. 4.30., come to be d [...]prived of some measure of their graces and comforts Psal. 51.8., have their hearts hardened Isa. 53.17., and their con­sciences wounded Ps. 37.3.4, hurt, and scan­dalize others Sam. 12.14., and bring temporal judgments upon themselves Ps. 89▪ 31.32..

CHAP. XVIII. Of the assurance of Grace and Salvation.

ALthough hypocrites and other unregenerate men may vainly deceive themselves with false hopes and carnal presumptions of being in the favour of God, and estate of Sal­vation Iob. 8.13 14. Mic. 3.11. Deut. 29.19, which hope of theirs shall perish Mat. 7.22 Act. 26.6.23.: yet such as truly believe in the Lord Jesus, and love him in since­rity, endeavouring to walk in all good conscience before him, may in this life be certainly assured that they are in the state of grace 1 Ioh. 2.3 1 Ioh. 5.13, and may re­joyce in the hope of the glory of god which hope shall never make them ashamed Rom. 5.2, 5..

II. This certainty is not a bare con­jectural and probable perswasion, grounded upon a fallible hope Heb. 6.11.19., but an infallible assurance of faith, foun­ded upon the divine truth of the pro­mises of salvation Heb. 6.17.18., the inward evi­dence of those graces unto which these promises are made 1 Pet. 1.4.5, 10, 11. 1 Iob. 2.3. 2 Cor, 1.12., the testi­mony of the spirit o [...] adoption wit­nessing with ou [...] spirits that we are the children of God Rom. 8.15: which spirit is the earnest of inheritance, whereby we are sealed to the day of redemp­tion Eph. 3.13..

[Page 41]III. This infallible assurance doth not so belong to the essence of faith but that a true believer may wait long and conflict with many diffi­culties before he be partaker of it Ioh, 5.13 Isa. 30, 10. Mark 9.24. Psal. 77. to ver. 12.: yea, being enabled by the spirit to know the things which are freely gi­ven him of God, he may, without ex­traordinary revelation, in the right use of ordinary means, attain there­unto 1 Cor. 2.12 1 Ioh. 4.13 Heb. 6.11. Eph. 3.17.18▪ 19.. And therefore it is the duty of every one to give all diligence to make his calling and election sure 2 Pet. 1.10., that thereby his heart may be enlar­ged in peace & joy in the holy Ghost, in love & thankfulness to God, & in strength and chearfulness in the du­ties of obedience, the proper fruits of this assurance Rom. 5.1, 2, 5 Rom. 14.17. Ephes. 1.3, 4 Psal. 4.6.7.; so far is it from inclining men to looseness 1 Ioh. 2.1. Rom. 6.1, 2. 2 Cor. 7.1. Ro. 8.1.12. 1 Ioh. 1.2.3 Psal. 1 [...]0.4 1 Ioh. 1.6.7.

IV. True believers may have the assurance of their Salvation divers ways shaken, diminished, and inter­mitted, as by negligence in preserving of it, by falling into some special sin, which woundeth the conscience, & grieveth the spirit, by some sudden or vehement temptation, by Gods withdrawing the light of his counte­nance, & suffering even such as fear him to walk in darkness, and to have [Page 42] no light Cant. 5.2.3, 6. Psal. 51.8, 12, 13. Eph. 4.30. Psal. 77.1. Mat. 26.69 Isa. 50.10. Psal. 31.22 Psalm. 88. throughout.: yet are they never utterly destitute of that seed of God, & life of faith, that love of Christ and the brethren, that sincerity of heart, and conscience of duty, out of which by the operation of the spiri [...], this assu­rance may in due time be revived Joh. 3.9. Luk. 21.52. Job 13.15. Psal. 73.15. Isa. 50.10., and by the which in the mean time their supported from utter despair Mic. 7.7, 8, 9. Jer. 32.10. I [...]a. 5.4, 7, 8, 9, 10. ps. 22.1. ps. 88. throughout

CHAP. XIX. Of the Law of God.

GOD gave to Adam a Law, as a Covenant of Works, by which he bound him, & all his posterity to personal, entire, exact and perpetual obedience, promised life upon the fulfilling, and threatned death upon the breach of it: and indued him with power and ability to keep it Gen. 1.16 Gen. 2.17. Ro. 2.14.15 & 10.5. Gal. 3.10. Eccl. 7.9. Job. 28.28..

II. This Law, after his fall conti­nued to be a perfect rule of righte­ousness, & as such, was delivered by God upon Mount Sinai, in ten Com­mandments, and written in two Tables Jam. 1.25▪ & 2.8.1 [...], 11. Ro. 13.8, 6. Deut. 5.32. & 0.4. Exod. 34.1, the four first Command­ments containing our duty towards God, and the other six, our duty to man Mat. 22.37, 33, 39, 40..

[Page 43]III. Beside this Law commonly called Moral, God was pleased to give to the people of Is [...]ael, as a Church under age, Ceremonial Laws, con­taining several typical Ordi [...]ances, partly of worship, prefiguring Christ his graces, actions, suffering [...], and benefits Heb. 9. Chap. Heb. 10.1. Col. 2.17., and partly hold [...]ng forth divers instructions of Moral duties 1 Cor. 5▪2.. All which Ceremonial Laws are now abrogated under the new Te­stament Col. 2.14.16, 17. Dan. 9.27. Eph. 1.15, 16.

IV. To them also, as a body Po­litic, he gave sundry Judicial Laws, which expired together with the state of that people, not obligeing a­ny other now, further than the gene­ral equity thereof may require Exod. 21. Chap. Exod. 22, to 29. 1 Pet. 2.3, 14. Mat. 5.17..

V. The Moral Law doth for e­ver bind all, as well justified persons as others, to the obedience thereof Rom. 13.8.9, 10., and that, not only in regard of the [...]atter contained in it, but also in re­spect of the Authority of God the Creator who gave it Iam 2.10.1.. Neither doth Christ in the Gospel any way dis­solve but much strengthen this ob­ligation Mat. 5.17 18.19. Jam. 2.8. Rom. 3.31..

VI. Although true believer▪ be not under the Law, as a Covenant of works, to be thereby justified, or [Page 44] condemned Rom. 6.14. Gal. 2.16. and 4, [...].5. Act. 13. [...]9. Rom. 8.1., yet it is of great use to them, as well as to others, in that, as a rule of life informing the of the will of God, and their duty, it directs and binds them to walk according­ly Rom. 7.21, 22, 25. Psal. 119.4 5, 6. 1 Cor. 17.19, discovering also the sinful pollutions of their nature, hearts and lives Rom. 7.7.: so as examining them­selves thereby, they may come to further conviction of, hum [...]liation for, and hatred against sin Iam. 1.23 Rom. 7.9.: together with a clearer sight of the need they have of Christ, and the perfection of his obedience Gal. 3.2 [...]. Rom. 8.3, 4.. It is likewise of use to the regenerate, to restrain their corruptions: in that it forbids sin Iam. 2.11 Psal. 119.101, 104.: and the threatnings of it serve to shew, what even their sins deserve: and what afflictions in this life, they may expect for them, although freed from the curse there­of threatned in the Law Ezra 9.13, 14. Psal. 89.30 31, 32, 33.. The pro­mises of it in like manner, shew them Gods approbation of obedience, & what blessings they may expect upon the performance there of Lev. 26.1. to 14. with 2 Cor. 6.10. Eph. 9.2, 3. Psal. 19.11: although not as due to them by the Law, as a Covenant of Works Gal. 2.16. Luk. 17.12.. So as a mans doing good, and refraining from evil, because the Law encourageth to the one, & deterreth from the other, [Page 45] is no evidence of his being under the Law, and not under grace Rom. 6 12 1 Pet. 3, 8.9, 10, 12. Heb. 12.28.

VII. Neither are the fore mentio­ned uses of the Law contrary to the grace of the Gospel, but do sweetly comply with it Gal. 3.21, the spirit of Christ subduing, and inabling the will of man, to do that freely and chearful­ly, which the will of God revealed in the Law, requireth to be done Ezek. 36.27. Heb. 8.10.,

CHAP. XX. Of Christian Liberty, and Liberty of Conscience.

THe Liberty which Christ hath purchased for Believers, under the gospel, consists in their freedom from the guilt of sin, the condem­ning wrath of God, the curse of the Moral Law Tit. 2.11. Gal. 3.13., and in their being de­livered from this present evil world, bondage to Satan, and dominion of sin Gal. 1.4. Rom. 6.14.; from the evil of afflictions, the sting of death, the Victory of the grave, and everlasting damnation Rom. 2.8. 1 Cor. 15.54 55, 56, 57., as also, in their free access to God Ro. 5.1, 2., and their yielding obedience unto him, not out of slavish fear, but a Child like love and willing mind Ro. 8.14. 1 Ioh. 4.18. All which were common also to Believers under the Law. But un­der [Page 46] the new Testament, the liberty of Christians is further inlarged, in their freedom from the yoke of the Ceremonial Law, to which the Jew­ish Church was subject g, and in greater boldness of access to the Throne of Grace h, and in fuller communications of the free Spirit of God, than believers under the Law, did ordinarily partake of Job. 7.58, 59. 2 Cor. 3.13.17, 18..

II. God alone is Lord of the con­science Jam. 4.12 Rom. 14.4.: and hath left it free from the doctrines and commandments of men which are in any thing con­trary to his word, or beside it, in matters of Faith or Worship Act. 4.19 Act. 5.29. Mat. 13.8, 9, 10. 2 Cor. 1.24. Mat. 15.9.. So that to believe such Doctrines, or to obey such commands out of con­science, is to betray true liberty of conscience Col. 2.20.22, 23. Gal. 1.10. & 2.4, 5. & 5.1., & the requiring of an implicite. Faith, and an absolute and blind obedience, is, to destroy liber­ty of conscience, and reason also Ro. 10.17 Isa. 4.20. Act. 17.11 Joh. 4.21. Hos. 5.11. Rev. 5.11.16, 17. Jer. 8.9..

III. They, who upon pretence of Christian Liberty, do practice any sin, or cherish any Lust, do thereby destroy the end of Christian liber­ty, which is, that being delivered out of the hands of our Enemies, we might serve the Lord without fear, in holiness and righteousness before [Page 47] him all the daies of our life Gal. 1.13· 1 Pet. 2.16 2 Pet. 2.19. Job. 8.34. Luk. 1.74..

IV. And because the power which God hath ordained, and the liberty which Christ hath purchased, are not intended by God, to destroy, but mutually to uphold & preserve one another: They, who upon pretence of Christian liberty shall oppose any lawful power, or the lawful exercise of it, whether it be Civil or Ecclesi­astical, resist the ordinance of God Ma. 12.29. 1 Pet. 2.13.14, 16. Rom. 13.1. to 8. Heb. 13.17.. And, for their publishing of such practices, as are contrary to the light of nature, or to the known principles of Christianity, whether concerning Faith, Worship, or Conversation: or, to the power of Godliness: or such erroneous Opinions or Practices, as either in their own nature, or in the manner of publishing or maintain­ing them, are destructive to the ex­ternal peace and order which Christ hath established in the Church, they may lawfully be called to account, and proceeded against by the Cen­sures of the Church Ro. 1.30. 1 Cor. 5.1, 5, 11.13. 2 Joh. 10.11 2 Thes. 3.14 Tit. 1.10, 11, 12, & 3.12 Mat. 18.15, 16, 17. Rev. 3.2., and by the power of civil Magistrate Deut. 23.6. to 12. Ro. 13.3.4. 2 Joh. 10.11. Ezra 7.23. to 28. Rev. 17.12, 16, 17. Neh. 13. to 30. 2 Kin, 23. to 21. 2 Ch. 34.35. & 15.12, 13. Dan. 3.21. Isa. 49.23. Zech. 13.2.3..

CHAP. XXI. Of Religious Worship, and the Sabbath day.

THe light of Nature sheweth that there is a God, who hath Lord­ship & sovereignty over all, is good▪ & doth good unto all, & is therefore to be feared, loved, praised, called upon, trusted in and served with all the heart, and with all the soul, and with all the might Rom. 1.20 Psal. 119.68. Ier. 10.7. Psal, 18.3. Mark. 12.33.. But, the accep­table way of worshiping the true God, is instituted by himself, and so limited to his own revealed Will▪ that he may not be worshipped ac­cording to the imaginations & de­vices of men, or the suggestions of Satan, under any visible representa­tions, or any other way not prescri­bed in the holy Scripture Deut. 12.32. Mat. 15.9. Act. 17.25. Mat. 4.9..

II. Religious Worship is to be given to God, the Father, Son and holy Ghost; and to him alone Mat. 4.10; not to Angels, Saints, or any other Creature Col. 2.18. Rev. 19.10., and since the Fall, not without a Mediator; nor in the mediation of any other, but of Christ alone Ioh. 4.6. 1 Tim. 2.5. Eph. 2.8..

III. Prayer with Thanks-giving being one special part of Religious [Page 49] Worship Phil. 4.6., is by God required of all men Psal. 65.2: and that it may be accepted it is to be made in the name of the Son Ioh. 13.14, by the help of his Spirit Rom. 8.16., ac­cording to his will 1 Ioh. 5.14: with under­standing, reverence, humility, fer­vency, faith, love, Ps. 47.7. and perseverance and if vocal, in a known tongue 1 Cor. 14..

IV. Prayer is to be made for all things lawful 1 Ioh. 5.14. Ioh. 17.20., and for all sorts of men living, or that shall live here­after o: but not for the dead 2 Sam. 12.21, 23. Rev. 13.12, nor for those of whom it it may be known that they have sinned the sin unto death 1 Ioh. 5.16..

V. The reading of the Scriptures with Godly fear Act. 15.21., the sound Preach­ing 1 Tit. 4.2., and conscionable hearing of the Word; in obedience unto God, with understanding, faith, and re­verence Mat 3.1.19.: singing of Psalms with grace in the heart Col. 3.16. Iam. 5.13. Eph. 5.19.: as also the due administration, and worthy receiv­ing of the Sacraments instituted by Christ; are all parts of the ordinary Religious Worship of God Mat. 28.19.; be­sides religious Oaths Deu. 6.63 Mat. 9.18., Vows Isa. 19.21. Eccles. 5.4, 5., Sol­lemn Fasting Ioel. 2.12. Esther. 4.16. 1 Cor. 7.5., and Thanksgivings upon several occasions Ps. 107. throughout. Esther. 9.2 [...], which are [Page 50] in their several times and seasons, to be used in an holy and religious manner Heb. 12.28.

VI. Neither Prayer nor any o­ther part of Religious Worship, is now under the Gospel, either tyed unto, or made more acceptable by any place in which it is performed or towards which it is directed Ioh. 4.21: but GOD is to be worshipped every where Mal. 1.11 1 Tim. 2.8., in Spirit and truth Ioh. 4.23.: as in private Families Ier. 10.25 Ioh. 1▪ [...]., daily Mat. 6.11, and in secret, each one to himself Mat. 6.6.; so more solemnly in the publick As­semblies, which are not carelesly or wilfully to be neglected, or forsaken when God, by his word or provi­dence calleth thereunto [...]sa. 16.6. Heb. 10.2 [...]. P [...]ov. 8.34. Act. 13.42▪.

VII. As it is of the Law of Na­ture, that, in general, a due propor­tion of time be set apart, for the Worship of God: so in his word, by a positive, moral, and perpetual Commandment, binding all men, in all Ages, he hath particularly ap­pointed one day in seven for a Sab­bath to be kept holy unto him Exod. 20 8, 10, 11. Isa. 56.1, 4.: which from the beginning of the World to the resurrection of Christ, was the last day of the week; and from the resurrection of Christ, was [Page 51] changed▪ into the first day of the Week Gen. 2.2▪ 3, which in Scripture is cal­led the Lords Day Rev. 1.10., and is to be continued to the end of the World, as the Christian Sabbath Exod. 20.8, 10. Mat· 5.17..

VIII. This Sabbath is then kept holy unto the Lord, when men, af­ter a due preparing of their hearts and ordering of their common af­fairs beforehand, do not only ob­serve an holy rest all the day, from their own works, words & thoughts about their worldly imployments▪ and recreations Exod. 20.8. Exod. 3.15, 16, 17. Isa. 58.13. Nehem. 13.15. to 22., but also are taken up the whole time in the publick and private exercises of his Wor­ship, and in the duties of necessity and mercy Isa. 58.13.

CHAP. XXII. Of Lawful Oaths and Vows.

A Lawful Oath is a part of re­ligious Worship D [...]ut. 10.20., wherein, up­on just occasion, the person swear­ing, solemnly calleth God to witness what he asserteth or promiseth; and to judge him according to the truth or falshood of what he sweareth Ex. 20.7: 2 Cor. 1.23. 2 Chron. 6.22, 23..

II. The Name of God only, is that by which men ought to swear, & therein it is to be used with all holy [Page 52] fear and reverence [...]eut. 6.13. Therefore to swear vainly, or rashly, by that glo­rious and dreadful Name; or, to swear at all, by any other thing, is sinful and to be abhorred Exod. 30.7. Ier. 5.7. Mat. 5.34.. Yet, as in matters of weight and moment, an Oath is warranted by the word of God, under the New Testament as well as under the Old Heb 6.16.; so a law­ful Oath, being imposed by lawful Authority, in such matters ought to be taken 1 King. 8.31..

III. Whosoever taketh an Oath, ought duly to consider the weighti­ness of so solemn an act, and there­in to avouch nothing, but what he is fully perswaded is the Truth Exod. 20.7. Ier. 4.2., Neither may any man▪ bind him­self by Oath to any thing but what is good and just, and what he be­lieveth so to be, and what he is able and resolved to perform Gen 24.2. to 9.. Yet it is a sin, to refuse an Oath touching any thing that is good and just, being imposed by lawful Authority Num. 5.1.9.

IV. An Oath is to be taken in the plain and common sense of the words without equivocation, or mental reservation Ier. 4.2. Psal. 24.14.: It cannot oblige to sin; but, in any thing not sinful, being taken, it binds to per­formance, [Page 53] although to a mans own hart 1 Sam 25.32, 33, 34.. Nor is it to be vio [...]ated, al­though made to Hereticks o [...] Infi­dels Ezek 17.16, 18, 19..

V. A Vow is of the like nature with a Promissary O [...]th, and ought to be made with the like Religious care, and to be performed with the like faithfulness Isa. 1 [...].21..

VI. It is not to be made to any Creature but to God a [...]one Ps. 76.11, and that it may be accepted, it is to be made voluntarily, out of Faith, and conscience of Duty, in way of thank­fulness▪ for mercy received, or of the obtaining of what we want: whereby we more strictly bind our selves to necessary duties: or, to other things, so far, and so long as they may fitly conduce thereunto Deu [...]. [...]3.22, 23..

VII. No man may Vow, to do any thing forbidden in the word of God, or what would hinder any du­ty therein commanded, or which is not in his own power, and for the performance whereof, he hath no promise of ability from God Act. 23.12, 14.. In which respect, Popish Monastical Vows of perpetual single life, pro­fessed Poverty, and Regular Obe­dience, are so far from being de­grees [Page 54] of higher Perfection, that they are superstitious and sinful snares, in which, no Christian may intangle himself Mat. 19.11, 12. 2 Pet. 4.2..

CHAP. XXIII. Of the Civil Magistrate.

GOD, the Supream Lord and King of all the world, hath or­dained Civil Magistrates to be un­der him, over the people for his own Glory, and the publick good: and to this end, hath armed them with the power of the sword, for the de­fence and encouragement of them that are good, and for the punish­ment of evil doers Rom. 13.1, 2, 3, 4..

II. It is Lawful for Christians to accept and execute the Office of a Magistrate, when called thereunto Pro. 8.15▪: in the managing whereof, as they ought especially to maintain Piety, Justice, and Peace, according to the wholsome Laws of each Common­wealth Ps. 2.10. 1 Pet. 2.13.: so for that end, they may lawfully now under the New Te­stament, wage War, upon just and necessary occasion Luk. 3.14 Mat. 8.9. Rev. 17.16..

III. The Civil Magistrate may not assume to himself the admini­stration of the Word & Sacraments, [Page 55] or the power of the Keys of the Kingdom of Heaven 2 Chron. 26.18. Mat. 16.9. Rom. 10.15 Heb. 5.4.: yet he hath Authority, and it is his duty, to take order that Unity and peace be pre­served in the Church, that the truth of God be kept pure and entire, that all blasphemies and heresies be suppressed, all corruptions and abuses in worship & discipline pre­vented, or reformed: and all the Ordinances of God duly settled, ad­ministred and observed Isa. 49.23 Lev. 24.16. 2 King. 1 8 4. 1 Chr. 13.1. to 9.: For the better effecting whereof, he hath power to call Synods, to be present at them, and to provide that what­soever is transacted in them, be ac­cording to the mind of God 2 Chr. 19.8, 9, 10..

IV. It is the duty of people to pray for Magistrates 1 Tim. 2.1.2., to honour their persons 1 Pet. 2.17., to pay them tribute & other dues Rom. 15.6, 7.: to obey their lawful Commands, and to be subject to their Authority for conscience sake Rom. 13.5. Infidelity or indifference in Religion doth not make void the Magistrates just and legal Authority, nor free the people from their due obedience to him 1 Pet. 2.13, 16.: From which Ecclesia­stical persons are not exempted Rom. 13.1. Act. 25.9. Iude v. 8. to 11., much less hath the Pope any power or jurisdiction over them, in their [Page 56] Dominions, or over any of their people; and least of all to deprive them of their Dominions, or lives, if he shall judge them to be Here­ticks or upon any other pretence whatsoever 2 Th [...]s. 2.4..

CHAP. XXIV. Of Marriage and Divorce.

MArriage is to be between one Man and one Woman. nei­ther is it lawful for any Man to have more than one Wife, nor for any Woman to have more than one Husband, at the same time Gen. 2.34. Mat. 19.5..

II. Marriage was ordained for the mutual help of Husband and Wife Gen. 2.18., for the increase of Man­kind, with a legitimate issue, and of the Church with an holy seed Mal. 2.15, and for preventing of uncleanness 1 Cor. 7.2..

III. It is lawful for all sorts of people to marry, who are able with judgment to give their consent Heb 13.4. 1 Cor. 7.36.. Yet, is it the duty of Christians to marry only in the Lord 1 Cor. 7.39.. And therefore such as profess the true reformed Religion, should not mar­ry with Infidels, Papists, or other Idolaters. Neither should such as are godly be unequally yoked, by [Page 57] marrying with such as are notori­ously wicked in their life, or main­tain damnable heresies Gen. 34.14. Deut. 7.34. Ne [...]. 13 25..

IV. Marriage ought not to be within the degrees of Consangui­nity or Affinity forbidden in the Word Lev. 8. chap. 1 Cor. 5.1.. N [...]r can such incest [...]o [...]s Marriages ever be made lawful by any Law of man, or consent of Parties, so as those Per [...]ons may live together as Man and Wife Mar. 6.18 Levit. 18.24. to 28.. The man may not ma [...]ry any of his wifes kinred nearer in blood, than he may of his own; nor, the Wo [...]an of her Husbands kindred, nearer in blood than of her own Levit. 26 19, 21..

V. Adultery or fornication com­mitted after a Contract, being de­tected before Mar [...]iage, giveth iust occasion to the innocent Party to dissolve that contract Mat. 1.8.19, 20. ▪ In the case of Adultery after Marriage, it is lawful for the innocent party to sue out a divorce Mat. 5.31▪32., and af [...]er the divorce, to marry another, as if the offending party were dead Mat. 19.9. Rom. 7.2 3·.

VI. Although the corruptions of man be such as is apt to study Ar­guments, unduely to put asunder thos [...] whom God hath j [...]yned to­gether in marriage: yet [...]thing but [Page 58] Adultery, or such wilful desertion as can no way be remedied by the Church, or Civil Magistrate, is cause sufficient of dissolving the bond of Marriage Mat. 19.8. 1 Cor. 7.15.: Wherein, a publick and orderly course of pro­ceeding is to be observed: And, the persons concerned in it, not left to their own wills & discretion in their own case Deut. 14.1, 2, 3, 4..

CHAP. XXV. Of the Church.

THE Catholick or Universal Church which is invisible, con­sists of the whole number of the Elect, that have been, are, or shall be gathered into one, under Christ the Head thereof; and is the Spouse, the Body, the fulness of him that filleth all in all Ep [...]. 1.10..

II. The Visible Church which is also Catholick or Universal, unde [...] the Gospel (not confined to one Na­tion, as before under the law) consist [...] of all those, throughout the world▪ that pro [...]ess the true Religion 1 Cor. 1.2 Ren. 7.9., to­gether with their Children 1 Cor. 7.14. [...] Ez [...]k. 16.20.21. Rom. 11.16: an [...] is the Kingdom of the Lord Jesu [...] Christ Mat. 13.47., the House and family o [...] God Eph. 2.19. Eph. 3.15., ou [...] of which there is no or­dinary [Page 59] possibility of Salvation Act. 2.47..

III. Unto this Catholick visible Church, Christ hath given the Mi­nistry, Oracles, and Ordinances of God, for the gathering, and per­fecting of the Saints, in this life to the end of the World: and doth by his own presence and spirit, ac­cording to his promise, make them effectual thereunto 1 Cor. 12.28. Eph. 4.11, 12, 13..

IV. This Catholick Church hath been sometimes more, sometimes less visible Rom. 15.3, 4. Rev. 12.6, 24.. And particular Churches, which are Members thereof, are more or less pure, ac­cording as the Doctrine of the Gos­pel is taught and imbraced, Ordi­nances administred, and publick Worship performed more or less purely in them Rev. 2.3..

V. The purest Churches under Heaven are subject both to mixture and errour 1 Cor. 13.12. Mat. 13.24 to 47., and some have so de­generated as to become no Churches of Christ, but Synagogues of Satan Rev. 18.2. Rom. 11.18. Nevertheless, there shall be alwaies a Church on Earth to worship God according to his will Mic. 6.18. Mat. 28 1 [...].

VI. There is no other Head of the Church, but the Lord Jesus Christ Co [...]. 1.18.. Nor can the Pope of Rome, [Page 60] in any sence be head thereof: but is that Anti-Christ, that Man of sin, and Son of perdition that exalteth himself in the Church, against Christ and all that is called God Mat. 2.3, 8, 9, 10. Re [...]. 13.6..

CHAP. XXVI. Of the Communion of Saints.

ALL Saints that are united to Jesus Christ their head, by his Spirit, and by Faith, have fellowship with him in his graces, sufferings, death, resurrection, and glory 1 Ioh. 1.3 Ioh. 1.16. Phi [...]. 3.10.. And, being united to one another in love, they have communion in each others gifts and graces Eph. 4.15. Col. 2.19., and are obliged to the performance of such duties publick and private, as do conduce to their mutual good, both in the inward & outward man 1 Thes. 5.11.14. 1 Ioh. 3.16.

II. Saints by profession are bound to maintain an holy fellowship and communion in the worship of God; and in performing such other spiri­tual servic [...]s as tend to their mutual edification Heb. 10.24.25. Isa. 2.3.: as also, in relieving each other in outward things accor­ding to their several abilities, and necessities. Which Communion, as God offereth opportunity, is to be extended unto all those, who in [Page 61] every place call upon the Name of the Lord Jesus Act. 2.44. 1 Ioh. 3.17..

III. This Communion which the Saints have with Christ, doth not make them, in any wise, partakers of the substance of his God-head, or to be equal with Christ in any re­spect: either of which to affir [...], is impious and blasphem [...]us Col. 1.18.19. 1 Cor. 8.6. Isa. 41.8. Heb. 1.89.. Nor doth their Communion one with another as Saints, take away, or in­fringe the title or propriety which each man hath in his goods and pos­sessions Exod. 10.15. Eph. 4.28..

CHAP. XXVII. Of the Sacraments.

SAcraments are holy Signs, and Seals of the Covenant of grace Rom. 4.12, immediately instituted by God Mat. 28.19., to represent Christ, and his benefits; and to confirm our interest in him 1 Cor. 10.16. Ga. 3.7. as also, to put a visible difference between those that belong unto the Church, and the rest of the world Rom. 15.8. Ex. 12.18.; and solemnly to engage them to the service of God in Christ according to his word Rom. 6.3, 4. 1 Cor. 10.16.21..

II. There is in every Sacrament a Spiritual relation, or Sacramental union, between the sign and the [Page 62] thing signified: whence it comes to pass, that the names, and effects of the one, are attributed to the other Gen. 17, 10 Mat. 26.27.

III. The grace which is exhibi­ted in, or by the Sacraments rightly used, is not conferred by any power in them; neither doth the efficacy of a Sacrament depend upon the pi­ety, or intention of him that doth ad­minister it Rom. 2.28.; but upon the work of the Spirit Mat. 3.11. 1 Cor. 12.13, and the word of in­stitution, which contains, together with a precept authorizing the use thereof, a promise of benefit to worthy receivers Mat. 16.27, 28..

IV. There be only two Sacraments ordained by Christ our Lord, in the Gospel, that is to say, Baptism and the Supper of the Lord, neither of which may be dispensed by any, but by a Minister of the word lawfully ordained Mat. 28.19. Heb. 5.4..

V. The Sacraments of the Old Testament, in regard of the spiri­tual things thereby signified, and exhibited, were, for substance the same with those of the New 1 Cor. 10.1, 2, 3, 4..

CHAP. XXVIII. Of Baptisme.

BAptism is a Sacrament of the New Testament, ordained by Jesus Christ Mat. 28.19., not only for the so­lemn admission of the party bapti­zed, into the visible Church 1 Cor. 12.1, 3.: but also, to be unto him a sign and seal of the Covenant of Grace Rom. 4.11., of his ingrafting into Christ Gal. 3.27., of Regene­ration Tit. 3.5., of Remission of sins Mat. 1.4., and of his giving up unto God through Jesus Christ, to walk in newness of life Rom. 6.2., which Sacrament is, by Christs own appointment, to be continued in his Church, untill the end of the World Mat. 28.19, 20..

II. The outward Element to be used in the Sacrament, is Water, wherewith the party is to be Bapti­zed, in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy-Ghost, by a Minister of the Gospel, lawful­ly called thereunto Mat. 3.12 Ioh. 1.33..

III. Dipping of the person into the Water, is not necessary: but, Baptism is rightly administred, by pouring, or sprinkling Water upon the person Heb. 9.10. to 22..

IV. Not only those that do actu­ally [Page 64] p [...]of [...]ss Faith in, and obedience unto Christ Mat. 16.15.16., but also the infants of one, or both believing parents, are to be baptized Gen. 7.9. Col. 2.11.12. Act. 2.38.39. Mat. 28.19..

V. Although i [...] be a great sin to contemn or neglect this ordinance Luk. 7.30. Exod. 4.24., yet [...]race and Salvation are not so inseparably annexed unto it, as that no person can be regenerated or sa­ved without it Rom. 4.11, or that all that are baptized, are undoubtedly re­generated Act. 8.13..

VI. The efficacy of Baptism is not [...]yed to that moment of time, wherein it is administred Ioh. 3.58, yet notwithstanding by the right use of this Ordinance, the grace promised, is not only offered, but really exhi­bited & confer'd by the Holy Ghost to such (whether of age, or infants) as that grace belongeth unto, accor­ding to the Council of Gods own Will, in his appointed time Gal. 1.27..

VII. The Sacrament of Baptism is but once to be administred to any person Tit. 3 5..

CHAP. XXIX. Of the LORDS Supper.

OUr Lord Jesus, in the night wherein he was betrayed, insti­tuted [Page 65] the Sacrament of his Body and Blood, called the Lords Supper to be observed in his Church, unto the end of the world, for the per­petual Remembrance of the Sacri­fice of himself in his Death: the sealing all benefits thereof unto true Believers, their spiritual nourish­ment and growth in him, their fur­ther engagement in, and to all du­ties whi [...]h they ow unto him, and to be a Bond and Pledge of their Communion with him, and with each other, as Members of his Mysti­cal Body 1 Cor 11.23, 24..

II. In this Sacrament Christ is not offered up to his Father: nor, any real Sacrifice made at all, for re­mission of s [...]n of the quick or dead Heb. 9.22 28., but only a commemoration of that one, offering up of himself, by him­self, upon the Cross, once for all, and a spiritual oblation of all pos­sible praise unto God for the same 1 Cor. 11.24, 36. Mat. 26.26. So that, the Popish Sacrifice of the Mass (as they call it) is most abo­minably injurious to Christs one, only Sacrifice, the only propitiati­on for all the sins of the elect Heb. 7.23 Heb. 10.12..

III. The Lord Jesus hath in this Ordinance, appointed his Minister [...] [Page 68] to declare his word of institution to the People, to pray and bless the Elements of Bread and Wine, and thereby to set them apart from a common to a holy use: and to take, and break the Bread, to take the Cup, and (they communicating also themselves) to give both to the Communicants Mat. 26.26, 28. Luk. 22.19, but to none who are not then present in the Congre­gation Act. 10.7..

IV. Private Masses, or receiving this Sacrament by a Priest, or any other alone 1 Cor. 10.6., as likewise the deny­al of the Cup to the People Mat. 14.23., wor­shipping the Elements, the lifting them up, or carrying them about for adoration, and the reserving them for any pretended religious use, are all contrary to the nature of this Sa­crament, and to the institution of Christ Mat. 15.9..

V. The outward Elements in this Sacrament duly set apart to the uses ordained by Christ, have such relati­on to him crucified, as that truly, yet Sacramentally only, they are some­times called by the name of the things they represent, to wit, the Bo­dy and Blood of Christ Mat. 26.26, 27, 28.: albeit in substance and nature, they still re­main, [Page 67] truly and only Bread and Wine, as they were before 1 Cor. 11.26, 28. Mat. 26.29.

VI. That Doctrine which main­tains a change of the substance of Bread and Wine, into the substance of Christs Body and blood (com­monly called Transubstantiation) by Consecration of a Priest, or by any other way, is repugnant, not to Scripture alone, but even to com­mon sense and reason; overthrow­eth the nature of the Sacrament, & hath been, and is the cause of mani­fold superstitions; yea, of gross Ido­latries Act. 3.21 Cor. 11.26..

VII. Worthy receivers outwardly partaking of the visible Elements, in this Sacrament 1 Cor. 2.28., do then also in­wardly by faith really & indeed, yet not carnally & corporally, but spiri­tually, receive, & feed upon Christ crucified, & all benefits of his death▪ The Body & Blood of Christ being then, nor corporally or carnally, in, with or under the bread and Wine: yet, as really, but spiritually, present to the faith of believers in that ordi­nance, as the Elements themselves are to their outward senses 1 Cor. 10.16..

VIII. Although ignorant, and wicked men receive the outward ele­ments [Page 66] in this Sacrament: yet they receive not the thing signified there­by; but by their unworthy coming thereunto, are guilty of the body & blood of the Lord to their own dam­nation. Wherefore, all ignorant and ungodly persons, as they are unfit to enjoy Communion with him, so are they unworthy of the Lords Ta [...]le▪ and cannot without great sin against Christ while they remain such, par­take of these holy Mysteries 1 Cor. 11.27, 28, 29., or be admitted thereunto 1 Cor. 5.6..

CHAP. XXX. Of Church Censures.

THe Lord Jesus, as King and Head of his Church, hath there­in appointed a Government, in the hand of Church Officers, distinct from the Civil Magistrate Isa. 9.6, 7. Act. 20 17. Mat. 28.18..

II. To these Officers, the Keys of the Kingdom of Heaven are com­mitted: by vertue whereof, they have power, respectively, to retain, and remit sins: to shut that King­dom against the impenitent, both by the word and Censures; and to open it unto penitent sinners, by the Ministry of the Gospel, and by ab­solution [Page 69] from Censures, as occasion sha [...]l require Mat. 16.19. Mat 18.17. Ioh. 20.21..

III. Church Censures are neces­sary, for the [...]eclaiming and gaining of offending Brethren, for deterring of oth [...]s from the like offences, for pu [...]ging out of that Leaven which might infect the whole Lump, for v [...]dicating the honour of Christ, [...] the holy profession of the Gos­ [...]l, & for preventing the wrath of God, which might iustly fall upon the Church, if they should suffer his Covenant, and [...]he Seals thereof to be [...]rofaned by notorious and ob­stinate offenders 1 Cor. 5. chap. Mat. 7.6. Iude v. 23..

IV. For the better attaining of these ends, the officers of the Church are to proceed by Admonition, sus­pension from the Sacrament of the Lords Supper for a season; and by Excommunication from the Church, according to the nature of the crime and demerit of the person 1 Th [...]s. 15.12, 2. Mat. 18.17.

CHAP. XXXI. Of Synods and Councils.

FOr the better Government, and further edification of the Church there ought to be such Assemblies, [Page 70] as are commonly called Synods or Councils Act. 15.2.

II. As Magistrates may lawfully call a Synod of Ministers, and other fit persons, to consult and ad­vise with, about matters of Reli­gion Isa. 49.23 1 Tim. 2.12. 2 Chron. 9.8, 9, 10, 11. Mat, 2.4.5.: So, if Magistrates be open Enemies to the Church, the Mini­sters of Christ, of themselves, by vertue of their Office; or they, with other fit persons, upon delega­tion from their Churches, may meet together in such assemblies Act. 15.2.22, 23, 25..

III. It belongeth to Synods and Councils, Ministerially to determine Controversies of Faith, and cases of Conscience, to set down rules and Directions for the better ordering of the publick worship o [...] God, and Government of his Church: to re­ceive complaints in cases of malice, administration: and authoritatively, to determine the same; which Decrees and Determinations, if consonant to the word of God, are to be received with reverence, and submission: not only for their agreement with the word, but also for the power whereby they are made as being an Ordinance of God appointed thereunto in his Word Act. 15.15, 19, 24, 27, 28. Act. 16.4. Mat. 18.17 to 20..

[Page 71]IV. All Synods or Councils, since the Apostles times, whether general or particular, may erre, and many have erred. Therefore they are not to be made the rule of Faith, or practice; but to be used as an help in both Eph. 2.20. Act. 7.11. 1 Cor. 2.5..

V. Synods and Councils are to handle, or conclude nothing, but that which is Ecclesiastical: and are not to intermeddle with Civil affairs which concern the Common wealth, unless by way of humble petition in cases extraordinary: or by way of advice, for satisfaction of conscience, if they be thereunto required by the Civil Magistrate Luk. 12.13, 14..

CHAP. XXXII· Of the state of men after death, and of the Resurrection of the dead.

THe bodies of men, after death, return to dust, and see corrup­tion Gen. 3.19. Act. 13.36.: but their Souls (which neither die nor sleep) having an im­mortal subsistence, immediately re­turn to God who gave them Luk. 23.43. Eccl. 12.7. 2 Cor. 5.1. Phil. 1.13.: the souls of the righteous, being then made perfect in holiness, are re­ceived into the highest Heavens [Page 70] where they behold the face of God, in light and glory, waiting for the full Redemption of their Bodies Act. 3.21. And the souls of the wicked are cast into Hell, where they remain in tor­ments and utter darkness, reserved to the Judgment of the great day Luk. 16.23, 24. 1 Pet. 3.19.. Besides these two places, for souls se­parated from their bodies, the Scrip­ture acknowledgeth none.

II. At the last day, such as are found alive, shall not die, but be changed 1 Thes. 4.17.; and all the dead shall be raised up, with the self same bodies, and none other, although with diffe­rent qualities, which shall be united again to their souls for ever 1 Cor. 13.42, 43, 44..

III. The Bodies of the unjust, shall by the power of Christ be raised to dishonour: the Bodies of the just by the Spirit, unto honour: and be made conformable to his own glorious Body Act. 24.15. Ioh. 5.28..

CHAP. XXXIII. Of the last judgment.

GOD hath appointed a Day, wherein he will judge the World in righteousness, by Jesus Christ Act. 1 [...].21., to whom all power and [Page 73] judgment is given of the Father Ioh. 5.22.. in which day, not only the Apostate Angels shall be judged 1 Cor. 5.3., but like­wise all persons that have lived upon earth, shall appear before the Tri­bunal of Christ, to give an accompt of their thoughts, words and deeds, and to receive accordingly to what they have done in the body, whe­ther good or evil 2 [...]o [...]. [...].10..

II. The end of Gods appointing this day, is for the manifestation of the gl [...]ry of his mercy, in the eternal salvation of the elect: and, of his justice, in the damnation of the reprobate, who are wicked, and disobedient: For, then shall the Righteous go into everlasting Life, and receive that fulness of joy and refreshing, which shall come from the Presence of the Lord: but▪ the wicked, who know not God▪ and obey not the Gospel of Jesus Christ, shall be cast into eternal Torments, and be p [...]nished with everlasting destruction from the presence of the Lord, and from the glory of h [...]s power Mat. 25 31 Rom. [...].22, 23▪.

III. As Christ would have us to be certainly perswaded that th [...]r [...] shall be a Day of Judgment, both [Page 74] to deter all men from sin, and for the greater consolation of the godly in their adversity Pet. 3.11: so, will he have that day unknown to Men, that they may shake off all carnal security, and be alwaies watchful, because they know not at what hour the Lord will come: and, may be ever prepared to say, Come, Lord Jesus, come quickly, Amen M [...]. 24. [...]6. Re [...]. 22. [...]..

FINIS.

THE LARGER CATECHISM, First agreed upon By the ASSEMBLY of DIVINES at Westminster. And now approved by the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland. To be a part of Uniformity in Religion between the Kirks of Christ in the three King­doms.

EDINBOURG, Printed by George Swintoun and Thomas Brown, and are to be sold by Iames Glen and David Trench. Anno Dom. 1671.

The LARGER CATECHISM, First agreed upon by the As­sembly of Divines at Westminster. And now appointed by the General Assembly of the Kirk of Scotland, to be a part of Uni­formi [...]y in Religion, between the Kirks of Christ, in the three Kingdomes.

Question. 1.

WHat is the chief and highest end of man?

A. Mans chief and high­est end is, to glorifie God Rom. 11.36., and fully to enjoy him for ever Ps. 73.24. to the end. Ioh. 7.21.

Q. 2. How doth it appear that there is a God?

A. The very light of nature in man, and the works of God declare plainly that there is a God Rom. 1.19: but his [Page 78] Word and Spirit only do sufficient­ly and effectually reveal him unto men for their Salvation 1 Cor. 2.9.

Q. 3. What is the word of God?

A. The holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testament are the Word of God 2. Tim. 3.16. 2 Pet. 1.19.21., the only Rule of Faith and obedience [...] 2.20..

Q. 4. How doth it appear that the Scriptures are the word of God?

A. The Scriptures manifest them­selves to be the Word of God, by their Majesty H [...]s. 8.12, and purity P [...]al. 11.6; by the consent of all the parts [...] [...].43, & the scope of the whole, which is to give al glo­ry t [...] God Rom. 3.19. by their light and power to convince and convert sinners, to comfort and build up believers unto salvation Act. 18.28: But the Spirit of God bearing witness by and with the Scriptures in the heart of man, is alone able fully to perswade it, that they are the very word of God Ioh. 16.13. 1 Ioh. 2 20.21..

Q. 5. What do the Scriptures prin­cipally teach?

A. The Scriptures principally teach, what man is to believe con­cerning God and what duty God requires of man Tim. 1.13.

Q. 6. What do the Scriptures make known of God?

[Page 79] A. The Scriptures make known what God is H [...]b. 11.6·, the persons in the Godhead 1 Ioh. 5.7·, his decrees Act. 15.14, and the execution of his decrees Act. 4.27▪.

Q. 7. What is God?

A. God is a Spirit Ioh. 4.24, in and of him­self infinite in being [...]x. 3.14·, glory Act. 7.2., bles­sedness 1 Tim. 6., and perfection Mat 5.48., all suf­ficient Gen. 17.1., eternal Ps. 40.12., unchangeable Mal. 3.6·, incomprehensible Iam. 1.7., every where present Ps. 139.1., almighty Rev. 4.8., knowing all things Heb. 4.13., most wise Ro. 16.17., most holy Isa. 16.3., most just Deu. 32.1, most merciful and graci­ous, long suffering and abundant in goodness and truth Ex. 34.6..

Q. 8. Are there more Gods than one?

A. There is but one only, the living and true God Deut. 6.2..

Q. 9. How many persons are there in the Godhead?

A. There be three persons in the Godhead, the Father, the Son, and the holy Ghost, and these three are one, true, eternal God, the same in substance, equal in power and glo­ry, although distinguished by their Personal properties 1 Ioh. 5.9. Mat. 3.16, 17..

Q 10. What are the personal properties of the three persons in the Godhead q

A. It is proper to the Father to be­get the Son Heb. 1.5., and to the Son to be­begotten [Page 80] of the Father Io [...]. 1.4, and to the holy Ghost to proceed from th [...] Fa­ther and Son, from all eternity Iohn 15.26. Gal. 4.6.

Q 11. How doth it appear that the Son and the Holy Ghost are God equal with the Father?

A. The S [...]riptures manifest that the Son, & the Holy Ghost, are God equal with the Father, [...]scribing un­to them such names I [...]a. 6.2.5., attributes Io [...] 1 1., works Co [...] 1.1., and worship Mat. 28.19., as are proper to [...]od only.

Q 1 [...] What are the decree [...] of God?

A. Gods decrees are the wise, free, and holy acts of the counsel of his will Eph. 4.11, whereby from all eternity, he hath for his own glory, unchange­ably, fore- [...]rdained whatsoever comes to pass in time Eph. 1.11; especially concerning Angels and Men.

Q. 13. What hath God especially decreed concerning Angels and Men?

A. God by an eternal and im­mutable decree, [...]ut of his meer love for the praise of his glorious grace to be manifested in due time, ha [...]h elected some Angels to glory 1 Tim. 5.21.; and in Christ hath chosen some men to eternal life, and the means thereof Eph 1 4. and also according to his soveraign power, and the unsearchable co [...]n­sel [Page 81] of his own will (whereby he ex­tendeth or witholdeth favour as he pleaseth) hath passed by and fore-ordained the rest to dishonour and wrath, to be for their sin inflicted, to the praise of the glory of his justice Rom. 9.17 18.22.

Q. 14. How doth God execute his Decrees?

A. God executeth his decrees in the works of Creation and Provi­dence; according to his infallible foreknowledg and the free and im­mutable counsel of his own will Eph. 1.17..

Q. 15. What is the work of Creation?

A. The work of Creation, is that wherein God did, in the beginning, by the word of his power, make of nothing, the world and all things therein, for himself, within the space of six daies, and all very good Heb. 11.3.

Q. 16. How did God create the Angels?

A. God created all the Angels Gal. 1.16 Ps. 104.4. spi­rits c, immortal Mat. 12.30., holy Mat 25.31., excelling in knowledge 2 Sam. 14 17., mighty in power 2 Thes. 1.7., to execute his Commandments, and to praise his name Ps. 103.20.; yet sub­ject to change 2 Pet. 2.4..

Q. 17. How did God create man?

A. After God had made oll other creatures, he created man male and female Gen. 1.27 form'd the body of the man [Page 82] of the dust of the ground Gen. 2.7., and the woman of a rib of the man Gen. 2.12, in­dued them with living, reasonable and immortal souls Gen. 2.7.: made them after his own image G [...]n. 1.27., in knowledge Col. 3.10., righteousness, and holiness Eph. 4.24., ha­ving the law of God written in their hearts Rom. 2.13: and power to fulfil it Ec. 7.29., with dominion over the creatures Gen. 1.28., yet subject to fall Gen. 3.6..

Q. 18. What are Gods works of Providence?

A. Gods works of Providence are, his most holy Ps. 14.5., wise Ps. 10.4., & powerful preserving Heb. 1.3., and governing all his creatures Ps 10.19, ordering them and all their actions Mat 10.39.31., to his own glory Ro. 11.36..

Q. 19. What is Gods Providence towards the Angels?

A. God by his Providence per­mitted some of the Angels wilfully and irrecoverably to fall into sin & damnation Iude. v. 6., limiting and ordering that and all their sins to his own glory Ioh. 1.12, and established the rest in holiness and happ [...]ness 1 Tim. 5.21, imploy­ing them all Ps. 104.4., at his pleasure in the administration of his power, mercy and justice 2 King. 19.25..

Q. 20. What was the providence of God towards man in the estate wherein he wa [...] created?

[Page 83] A. The Providence of God toward man, in the estate wherein he was created, was, the placing him in Pa­radise, appointing him to dress it, giving him liberty to eat of the fruit of the earth Gen. 2 8., putting the creatures under his dominion Gen. 1.28, and ordaining marriage for his help Gen. 2.18.: affording him communion with himself Gen. 1.25., in­stituting the Sabbath Gen. 2.3., entering in­to a Covenant of life with him, up­on condition of personal, perfect, and perpetual obedience Gal. 3.12, of which the Tree of Life was a pledge Gen. 2.9., and for biding to eat of the Tree of Knowledge of good and evil, upon pain of death Gen. 2.17.

Q. 21. Did man continue in that e­state wherein God at first created him?

A. Our first parents being left to the freedom of their own will, through the temptation of Satan, transgressed the Commandment of God, in eat­ing the forbidden fruit, and thereby fell from the estate of Innocency wherein they were created Gen. 3.9. 2 Cor. 11.3..

Q. 22. Did all mankind fall in that first transgression?

A. The Covenant being made with Adam as a publick person, not for himself only▪ but for his posteri­ty, [Page 84] all mankind descending from him by ordinary generation Act. 17.26, sinned in him, and fell with him in that first transgression Gen. 2.16..

Q. 23. Into what estate did the fall bring mankind?

A. The fall brought mankind into an estate of sin and misery Rom 5.12. Rom. 3.13..

Q. 24. What is sin?

A. Sin is any want of conformity unto, or transgression of any Law of God, given as a rule to the reasona­ble creatures 1 Ioh. 3.4.

Q. 25. Wherein consisteth the sinful­ness of that estate whereinto man fell?

A. The sinfulness of that estate whereinto man fell, consisteth in the guilt of Adams first sin Ro. 5.12., the want of that righteousness wherein he was created, & the corruption of his na­ture, whereby he is utterly indispos'd, disabled and made opposite unto all that is spiritually good, and wholly in [...]lined to all evil, and that contin­nually Rom. 3.10 to 20. which is commonly called Original sin, and from which do proceed all act [...]al transgressions Iam. 1.14,

Q. How is Original sin conveyed from our first parents to their posterity?

A Original sin is conveyed from our first parents to their posterity [Page 85] by natural generation, so as all that proceed from them in that way, are conceived and born in sin Ps. 57.3..

Q. 27. What misery did the fall bring upon mankind?

A. The fall brought upon mankind the loss of Communion with God Gen. 3.8. his displeasure and curse, so as we are by nature children of wrath Eph. 2.2., bond-slaves to Satan 2 Tim. 2.26., and justly liable to all punishments in this world, & that which is to come Gen. 2.17 Rom, 6.23..

Q. 28. What are the punishments of sin in this world?

A. The punishment of sin in this world, are, either inward, as blind­ness of mind Eph. 4.28., a reprobate sense Ro. 1.28., strong delusions 2 Thes. 2 11., hardness of heart Ro. 2.5., horrour of conscience Isa. 33.14, and vile affections Ro. 1.26; or outward, as the curse of God upon the creatures for our sakes Gen. 3.17, and all other evils that befal us in our bodies, names, estates, relations and employments Deut. 18.15., toge­ther with de [...]th it self Ro. 6, 21..

Q. 29. What are the punishments of sin in the world to come?

A. The punishments of sin in the world to come, are everlasting sepa­ration from the comfortable pre­sence of God, and most grievous [Page 86] torments in soul and body without intermission, in hell fire, for ever 2 Thes. 1.9. Mat. 9.44, 46, 48..

Q. 30, Doth God leave all mankind to perish in the estate of sin and misery?

A. God doth not leave all man­kind to perish in the estate of sin & misery 1 Thes. 5.9, into which they fell, by the breach of the first Covenant, com­monly cal'd the Covenant of works, Gal. 3.10: but, of his meer love & mercy, de­livereth his elect out of it, & bring­eth them into an estate of Salvation by the second covenant, commonly called the Covenant of Grace Tit 3.4.5.

Q. 31. With whom was the Co­venant of Grace made?

A. The Covenant of Grace was made with Christ as the second Adam, and in him, with all the elect, as his seed Gal. 3.16. Rom. 5.15. to the end..

Q. 32. How is the grace of God manifested in the second Covenant?

A. The grace of God is manifested in the second covenant, in that he freely provideth and offereth to sin­ners a Mediator Gen 3.15, and life and salva­tion by him 1. Ioh. 5.11, 12., and requiring Faith as the condition to interest them in him Ioh. 3.16, promiseth and giveth his ho­ly Spirit Pro. 1.23, to all his elect, to work in them that faith 1 Cor. 4.13., with all other sav­ing graces Gal. 5.22., and to enable them un­to [Page 87] all holy obedience Ez. 36.27, as the evi­dence of the truth of their Faith Iam. 2.18, and thankfulness to God 1 Cor. 5.14., and as the way which he hath appointed them to Salvation Eph. 2.10.

Q. 33. Was the Covenant of grace alway▪ administred after one and the same manner?

A The Covenant of Grace was not always administred after the same manner, but the administration of it under the Old Testament was dif­ferent from that under the New 2 Cor. 3.6.

Q. 34. How was the covenant of grace administred under the Old Testament?

A. The Covenant of Grace was administred under the Old Testa­ment, by promises Rom. 15.8., prophesies Act. 3.10, Sacrifices Heb. 10.1, Circumcision Rom. 4.11, the Pass­over 1 Cor. 5.7.: & other types & ordinances, which did all foresignifie Christ then to come, and were for that time suf­ficient to build up the elect in faith in the promised Messiah Heb. 8.9., by whom they then had full remission of sin, and ete [...]nal Salvation Gal. 3.7..

Q 35. How is the Covenant of Grace administred under the New Testament?

A. Under the New Testament, when Christ the substance was exhi­bited, the same Covenant of Grace [Page 88] was and still is to be administred in the preaching of the word Mat. 16.15., & the administration of the Sacraments of Baptism Mat. 28.20., and the Lords Supper 1 Cor. 11.23, 24, 25,; in which, Grace and Salvation is held forth in more fulness, evidence, and efficacy to all Nations 2 Cor▪ 3.6. to the end..

Q. 36. Who is the Mediator of the Covena [...]t of Grace?

A. The only Mediator of the Covenant of Grace is the Lord Je­sus Christ 1 Tim. 2.5, who being the eternal Son of God, of one substance, and equal with the Father Ioh. 1.11, in the fulness of time became man Gal. 4.4., and so was and continues to be God and Man in two intire distinct natures, and one person for ever Luk. 1, 35.

Q. 37. How did Christ being God become man?

A. Christ the Son of God became man, by taking to himself a true bo­dy, and reasonable soul Ioh, 1.14, being conceived by the power of the Holy Ghost, in the womb of the Virgin Mary, of her substance, and born of her Luk. 1.27.; yet without sin Heb. 4.15..

Q. 38. Why was it requisite that the Mediator should be God?

A. It was requisite that the media­tor should be God, that he might [Page 89] sustain and keep the humane nature from sinking under the infinit wrath of God, and the power of death Act. 2.24; give worth & efficacy to his suffer­ing [...], obedience and intercession Act. 20.28.; and so satisfie Gods justice Ro. 3 24., pro­cure his favour Eph. 1.6., purchase a peculiar people Tit. 2.13., give his Spirit to them Gal 4.6., conquer all their enemies Luk 1.68, & bring them to everlasting Salvation Heb. 5.8..

Q. 39. Why was it requisite that the Mediator should be man?

A. It was requisite that the Media­tor should be man, that he might ad­vance our nature Heb. 2.16, pe [...]form obedi­ence to the Law Gal. 4.4., suffer & make in­tercession for us in our nature Heb 2.14, have a fellow-feeling of our infirmi [...]ies Heb. 4.5., that we might receive the adoption of sons Gal. 4.15, and have comfort and ac­cess with boldness unto the Throne of Grace Heb. 4 16.

Q. 40. Why was it requisite that the Mediator should be God and man in one Person?

A. It was requisite that the Medi­ator, who was to reconcile God and Man, should himself be bo [...]h God and Man, and this in one person, that the proper works of each nature might be accepted of God for us Mat. 1.12, [Page 90] and relyed on by us, as the works of the whole person 1 Pet. 2.6.

Q. 41. Why was our Mediatour called Iesus?

A. Our Mediator was called Je­sus, because he saved his people from their sins Mat. 1.21..

Q. 42. Why was our Mediatour called Christ?

A. Our Mediator was called Christ, because he was anointed with the Holy Ghost above measure Ioh 3.34, and so set apart, & fully furnished with all authority & ability Ioh. 6.27, to execute the offices of a Prophet Act. 13.21, Priest Heb. 5.5., & King of his Church Psal. 2.6, in the estate both of his Humiliation and Exaltation.

Q. 43. How doth Christ execute the office of a Prophet?

A. Christ executeth the office of a Prophet, in his revealing to the Church Ioh. 1.18, in all ages, by his Spirit and Word 1 Pet. 1.10, in divers ways of ad­ministration Heb. 1.1.2, the whole will of God Ioh. 15.15, in all things concerning heir edification and salvation Act. 20..

Q. 44. How doth Christ execute the Office of a priest?

A. Christ executeth the Office of a Priest, in his once off [...]ring himself a Sacrifice without spot to God Heb. 9.14, to [Page 91] be a reconciliation for the sins of his people Heb. 2.17, and in making conti­nual intercession for them Heb. 7.25..

Q. 45. How doth Christ execute the Office of a King?

A Christ executeth the Office of a King, in calling out of the World a people to himself Act. 15.14, & giving them Officers Eph. 4.11., Laws Isa. 35.21, and Censures, by which he visibly governs them Mat. 18.18, in bestowing saving grace upon his elect Act. 5.35, rewarding their obedience Rev. 12.12., and correcting them for their sins Rev. 3.19, preserving and supporting them un­der all their temptations and suffe­rings Isa. 63.9., restraining and overcoming all their enemies 1 Cor. 15., and powerfully ordering all things for his own glo­ry Rom. 14.10.11., and their own good Ro. 8.28.; and also in taking vengeance on the rest, who know not God, and obey not the Gospel 2 Thes. 1.8, 9..

Q. 46. What was the estate of Christs Humiliation?

A. The estate of Christs Humilia­tion was, that low condition, where­in, he for our sakes, emptying him­self of his glory, took upon him the form of a servant in his conception and birth, life, death, and after his death untill his resurrection Phil 2.6.7, 8..

[Page 92]Q. 47. How did Christ humble him­self in his conception and birth?

A. Christ humbled himself in his conception and birth, in that, being from all eternity the Son of God, in the bosom of the father, he was plea­sed in the fulness of time to become the Son of Man, made of a woman of low estate and to be born of her, with divers circumstances of more than ordinary abasement Ioh. 1.14..

Q. 48. How did Christ humble himself in his life?

A. Christ humbled himself in his life, by subjecting himself to the law Gal. 4.4, which he perfectly fulfilled Mat. 5.17., and by conflicting with the indigni­ties of the world Ps. 22.6., temptations of Satan Mat. 4.1. to 12., and infirmities in his flesh, whether common to the nature of man, or particularly accompanying that his low condition Heb. 2.17..

Q. 49. How did Christ humble himself in his death?

A. Christ humbled himself in his death, in that having been betrayed by Iudas Mat. 27 4, forsaken by his Disci­ples Mat. 26.56., scorned and rejected by the world Isa. 5.2, 3., condemned by Pilate, and tormented by his persecutors Mat. 27.26. to 50., ha­ving also conflicted with the terrors [Page 93] of death & the powers of darkness, felt and born the weight of Gods wrath Luk. 22.44.: he laid down his life an offering for sin Isa. 53 10, induring the pain­ful, shameful, and cursed death of the Cross Phil. 2.8..

Q. 50. Wherein consisted Christs humiliation after his death?

A. Christs humiliation after his death, consisted in his being buri­ed 1 Cor. 15 3.4., and continuing in the state of the dead, and under the power of death till the third day Ps. 16.10., which hath been otherwise expressed in these words, He descended into Hell.

Q. 51. What was the estate of Christs exaltation?

A. The estate [...]f Christs exaltati­on comprehendeth his Resurrection 1 Cor. 15.4., Ascension Mat. 16.10, sitting at the right hand of the Father Eph. 1.20, and his com­ing again to judge the world Act. [...].11..

Q 52. [...] Christ exalted in his Resurrection?

A. Christ was ex [...]lted in his Re­surrection, in that not having seen corruption in death, of which it was not possible for him to be held Act. 2.24, and having the s [...]e very body in which he suff [...]red, with [...]he e [...]ntial properties thereof Lu. 24.39, but wi [...]hout mortality [Page 94] any other common infirmities belonging to this life, really united to his soul Rom. 6.9., he rose again from the dead the third day, by his own power Ioh. 70.8: whereby he declared him­self to be the Son of God Rom. 1.4., to have satisfied divine justice Rom. 8.34, to have van­quished death and him that had the power of it Heb. 2.14, & to the Lord of quick and dead Ro. 14.9; all which he did as a publick person 1 Cor. 15 21, 22., the head of his Church Eph. 1.20, for their justification Ro. 2.25., quickning in grace Eph. 2.1., support against enemies 1 Cor. 15.26, 27., & to assure them of their Resurrection from the dead at the last day 1 Cor. 15 20..

Q. 53. How was Christ exalted in his Ascension?

A. Christ was exalted in his Ascen­sion, in that having after his Resur­rection often appeared unto, & con­versed with his Apostles, speaking to them of the things pertaining to the Kingdom of God Act. 1.2., and giving them commission to preach the Gospel to all Nations Mat. 28.19, 20.; fourty daies after his Resurrection, he, in our nature, and as our head Heb. 6.20, triumphing over enemies Eph. 4.8., visibly went up into the highest heavens, there to receive gifts for men Act. 1.9., to raise up our af­fections [Page 95] thither Col. 3.1.8, and to prepare a place for us Ioh. 14.3: where himself is, and shall continue, till his second com­ing at the end of the world Act. 3.21..

Q. 54. How is Christ exalted in his sitting at the right hand of God?

A. Christ is exalted in his sitting at the right hand of God, in that, as God-manhe is advanc'd to the high­est favour with God the Father Phil. 2.9, with all fulness of joy Act. 2.28, glory Ioh. 17.5, and power over all things in heaven & earth Eph. 1.21., and doth gather and defend his Church & subdue their enemies, furnisheth his Ministers and people with gifts and graces Eph. 4.10., and maketh intercession for them Rom. 3.34.

Q. 54. How doth Christ make in­tercession?

A. Christ maketh intercession, by his appearing in our nature continu­ally before the Father in heaven Heb. 1.3., in the merit of his obedience and sacri­fice on earth Heb. 1.3., declaring his will to have it applyed to all believers Ioh. 3.16, answering all accusations against them Ro. 8.33., procuring for them quiet of conscience notwithstanding daily failings Ro. 5.1.2., access with boldness to the throne of grace Heb. 4.16, and acceptance of their persons Eph. 1.6., and services 1. Pet. 2.5.

[Page 96]Q. 56. How is Christ to be exalted in his coming again to judge the world?

A. Christ is to be exalted in his coming again to judge the world, in that he who was unjustly judged and condemned by wicked men Act. 3.14, shall come again at the last day in great power Mat. 24.30., and in the ful ma­nifestation of his own glory, and of his Fathers, with all his holy An­gels Luk. 9 26, with a shout, with the voice of the Arch-Angel, and with the Trumpet of God 1 Thes. 4.16., to judge the world in righteousness Act. 17.3 [...].

Q. 57. What benefits hath Christ procured by his mediation?

A. Christ by his mediation hath pro­cured redemption Heb. 9.12., with all other benefits of the Covenant of Grace 2 Cor. 1.20..

Q. 58. How do we come to be made partakers of the ben [...]fits which Christ hath procured?

A. We are made partakers of the benefits whi [...]h Christ hath procur'd by the application of them unto us Ioh. 1.11 which is the work especially of God the Holy Ghost Tit. 3.5..

Q. 59. Who are made partaker [...] of Redemption through Christ?

A. Redemption is certainly appli­ed, and effectually communicated to [Page 97] all those for whom Christ hath purchased it Eph. 1.13. Ioh. 6.37., who are in time by the Holy Ghost enabled to believe in Christ according to the Gospel Eph. 2.8..

Q. 60. Can they who have never heard the Gospel, and so know not Ie­sus Christ, nor believe in him, he sa­ved by their living according to the light of nature?

A. They who having never heard the Gospel Ro 10.14., know not Jesus Christ 2 Thes. 1.8., and believe not in him, cannot be saved Ioh. 8.24, be they never so diligent to frame their lives according to the light of nature 1 Cor. 1.20. to 24., or the Law of that Religion which they profess Rom. 9.31.: nei­ther is there salvation in any other, but in Christ alone Act. 4.12., who is the Saviour only of his body the Church Eph. 5.23..

Q. 61. Are all they saved who hear the Gospel and live in the Church?

A. All that hear the Gospel and live in the visible Church are not saved, but they only who are true members of the Church invisible Ioh. 12.38. to 40. Mat. 22.14 Mat. 7.21. Rom. 11.7..

Q. 62. What is the visible Church?

A. The visible Church is a society made up of all such as in all ages & places of the world profess the true Religion 1 Cor. 1.2., and of their Children 1 Cor. 7.14.

[Page 98]Q. 63. What are the especial pri­viledges of the visible Church?

A. The Visible Church hath the priviledge of being under Gods spe­cial care and government Isa. 4.5, 6, of being protected and preserved in all ages notwithstanding the opposition of all enemies Ps. 111 throughout, and of enjoying the communion of Saints, the ordinary means of Salvation Act. 2.39., offers of grace by Christ to all the members of it in the ministery of the Gospel, testify­ing, that whosoever believes in him shall be saved Psal. 147.19, 20., and excluding none that will come unto him Ioh. 6.37.

Q. 64. What is the invisible Church?

A. The invisible Church is the whole number of the elect, that have been, are, or shall be gathered into one, under Christ the head Eph. 1.10. Ioh. 10.19.

Q. 65. What special benefits do the Members of the invisible Church enjoy by Christ?

A. The Members of the Invisible Church, by Christ, enjoy Union and Communion with him, in grace and glory Ioh. 17.21 Ioh. 17.24.

Q. 66. What is that Union which the Elect have with Christ?

A. The Union which the elect have with Christ, is the work of Gods [Page 99] grace Eph. 1.22, whereby they are spiritually and mystically, yet really and inse­parably joyned to Christ, as their head and husband 1 Cor. 6.17., which is done in their effectually Calling 1 Pet. 5.10..

Q. 67. What is effectual Calling?

A. Effectual Calling is the work of Gods Almighty power & grace Ioh. 5 25, whereby out of his free and especial love to his elect, and from nothing in them moving him thereunto Tit. 3.4. ▪ he doth in his accepted time invite & draw them to Jesus Christ by his Word and Spirit 2 Cor. 5.20., saving inlight­ning their minds Act. 26.18., renewing and powerfully determining their wills Ioh. 6.45. so as they, although in themselves dead in sin, are hereby made willing and able freely to answer his call, & to accept and imbrace the grace of­fered and conveyed therein Eph. 2.5..

Q. 68. Are all the elect only ef­fectually called?

A. All the Elect, and they onely are effectually called Act. 13.48., although others may be, and often are, out­wardly cal'd by the ministry of the Word Ma [...]. 2 [...].14., and have some common operations of the spirit Mat. 7.22, who, for their wilful neglect and contempt of the grace offered to them, being just­ly [Page 100] left in their unbelief, do never truely come to Jesus Christ Joh. 12.38, 39, 40. Ioh. 6.64..

Q. 69. What is the communion in Grace which the members of the in­visible Church have with Christ?

A. The Communion in Grace, which the members of the Invisible Church have with Christ, is, their partaking of the vertue of his Me­diation, in their Justification Rom. 8.30, A­doption Eph▪ 1.5., Sanctification, and what ever else in this life manifests their Union with him 1 Cor. 1.30..

Q. 70. What is Iustification?

A. Justification is an act of Gods free grace unto sinners Rom. 3.21.24.25., in which he pardoneth all their sins, accepteth and accounteth their persons righte­ous in his sight 2 Cor. 5.19 21., not for any thing wrought in them or done by them Tit. 3.5. but only for the perfect obedience and ful satisfaction of Christ, by God imputed to them Rom. 5.17 18, 19., and recei­ved by Faith alone Act. 10.54.

Q. 71. How is Iustification an act of Gods free Grace?

A. Although Christ by his Obedi­ence and Death, did make a proper, real, and full satisfaction to Gods justice in the behalf of them that are justified Rom. 5.8, 9, 10, 11., yet, in as much as God [Page 101] accepteth the satisfaction from a surety which he might have deman­ded of them, did provide th [...]s surety his own only Son 1 Tim. 2.5, 6., imputing his righteousness to them 2 Cor. 15.21., and requi­ring nothing of them for their Justi­fication but faith Rom. 3.24., which also is his gift Eph. 2.8., their justification is, to them, of free grace Eph. 1.7..

Q. 72 What is justifying Faith?

A. Justifying Faith, is a saving grace Heb. 10.39, wrought in the heart of a sin­ner by the Spirit 2 Cor. 4.13 ▪ & word of God Rom. 10.14, 17. whereby he, being convinced of his sin, and misery, and of the disability in himself and all other creatures to recover him out of his lost conditi­on Act. 2.37, not only assenteth to the truth of the promise of the Gospel Eph. 1.13, but receiveth and resteth upon Christ and his righteousness therein held forth, for pardon of sin Joh. 1.12, and for the accepting & accounting of his per­son righteous in the sight of God for Salvation Phil. 3.9. Act. 15.11..

Q. 73. How doth Faith justifie a sinner in the sight of God?

A. Faith justifies a sinner in the sight of God, not because of these other graces which do alwaies accompa­ny it, or of good works that are the [Page 102] fruits of it Gal. 3.11., nor as if the grace of Faith, or any act thereof, were impu­ted to him for his justification Rom. 4.5., but only as it is an instrument, by which he receiveth and applieth Christ & his righteousness Jo [...]. 1.12. Phil. 3.19..

Q. 74. What is Adoption?

A. Adoption is an Act of the free grace of God 1 Io [...]. 3.1, in and for his only Son Jesus Christ Eph. 1.5., whereby all those that are justified are received into the number of his Children Jo [...]. 5.12., have his name put upon them 2 Cor 6.18., the Spirit of his Son given to them Gal. 4.6., are under his fatherly care & dispensa­tions Ps. 103.13. admitted to all the liberties and priviledges of the sons of God, made heirs of all the promises, and fellow-heirs with Christ in glory Heb. 6.12..

Q. 75. What is Sanctification?

A. Sanctification is a work of Gods grace, whereby they whom God hath before the foundation of the world chosen to be holy, are in time through the powerful operation of his spirit Heb. 1.4., applying the death and resurrection of Christ unto them Rom 6.4., renewed in their whole man after the image of God Eph. 4.23, having the seeds of repentance unto life, and of all other saving graces put into their hearts Act. [...].18, [Page 103] and those graces so stirred up, in­creased and strengthned Iudev. 20., as that they more and more die unto sin, and rise unto newness of life Rom. 6.4. to 14..

Q. 76. What is repentance unto life?

A. Repentance unto life is a saving grace 2 Tim 2.25, wrought in the heart of a sin­ner by the Spirit Zech. 12.10., & Word of God Act. 11.18. whereby out of the sight & sense not only of the danger Ezek. 18.28, 32., but also of the filthiness & odiousness of his sins Ezek 36.21., and upon the apprehension of Gods mercy in Christ to such as are peni­tent Io [...]l. 2.12, he so grieves for Ier. 31.18, and hates his sins 2 Cor. 7. [...]., as that he turns from them all to God Act. 26.18., purposing and endea­vouring constantly to walk with him in all the ways of new obedience Ps. 119.9.

Q. 77. Wherein do Iustification and Sanctification differ?

A. Although Sanctification be in­separably joyned with Justification 1 Cor. 6.11 yet they differ, in that God in Justi­fication imputeth the righteousness of Christ Rom. 5.6., in Sanctification his spirit infuseth grace, and enableth to the exercise thereof Ez. 36.27: in the former, sin is pardoned Rom. 3.24, 25., in the other it is sub­dued Rom 6.6., the one doth equally free all believers from the revenging wrath of God, & that perfectly in this life, [Page 104] that they never fall into condemna­tion Rom. 8.33., the other is neither equal in all 1 Ioh. 2.12, 13, 14., nor in this life perfect in any Ioh. 1.8., but growing up to perfection 2 Cor. 7.1..

Q. 78. Whence ariseth the imperfect­ion of Sanctification in believers?

A. The imperfection of Sanctifica­tion in believers, ariseth from the remnants of sin abiding in every part of them, and the perpetual lustings of the flesh against the spirit, where­by they are often soiled with temp­tations, and fall into many sins Rom. 7.18. Mar. 14.66 to the end, are hindred in all their spiritual servi­ces H [...]b. 12.1. & their best works are imper­fect & defiled in the sight of God Isa. 64.5..

Q. 79. May not true believers, by reason of their imperfections, and the many temptations & sins they are overtaken with, fall away from the state of Grace?

A. True believers, by reason of the unchangeable love of God Ier. 31.3., and his Decree and Covenant to give them perseverance 2 Tim. 2.19., their in­separable union with Christ 1 Cor. 1.8., his continual intercession for them Heb. 7.25., and the Spirit and seed of God abi­ding in them 1 Ioh. 3.9., can neither totally nor finally fall away from the estate of grace Ier. 32.40, but are kept by the power of God through faith unto salvati­on 1 Pet. 1.5.

[Page 105]Q. 80. Can true believers be infalli­bly assured that they are in the estate of grace, and that they shall persevere therein unto Salvation?

A. Such as truly believe in Christ, and endeavour to walk in all good conscience before him 1 Ioh. 2.9, may, with­out extraordinary revelation, by faith grounded upon the truth of Gods promises, and by the spirit en­abling them to discern in themselves those graces to which the promises of life are made 1 Cor. 2.12., and bearing wit­ness with their spirits that they are the children of God Rom. 8.16., be infallibly assured that they are in the estate of grace, & shall persevere therein un­to salvation 1 Ioh. 5.13..

Q. 81. Are all true believers at all times assured of their present being in the estate of grace, and that they shall be saved?

A. Assurance of grace & salvation not being of the essence of faith Eph. 1.131., true believers may wait long before they obtain it Isa. 50.10 Psal. 88. throughout., and after the enjoy­ment thereof, may have it weakned and intermitted through manifold distempers, sins, temptations, and de­sertions Psal. 77.2 to 12.: yet are they never left with out such a presence & support of the [Page 106] Spirit of God, as keeps them from sinking into utter despair 1 Joh 1.9..

Q. 82. What is the Communion in glory, which the members of the invi­sible Church have with Christ?

A. The communion in glory which the members of the invisible Church have with Christ, is, in this life 1 Cor. 3.18. immediately after death L [...]k. 23.43., and at last perfected at the Resurrection and day of Judgment 1 Thes. 4.17..

Q. 83. What is the Communion in glo­ry with Christ, which the members of the invisible Church enjoy in this life?

A. The members of the invisible Church have communicated to them in this life, the first fruits of glory with Christ, as they are members of him their head, & so, in him, are interested in that glory which he is fully possessed of Eph. 2.5., and as an earnest thereof, enjoy the sense of Gods love Rom. 5.5, peace of conscience, joy in the holy Ghost, & hope of glory Rom. 5.1.. as on the contrary, the sense of Gods revenging wrath, horror of consci­ence, and a fearful expectation of judgment, are to the wicked, the beginning of their torments which they shall endure after death Gen 4.13 Mat. 27.4..

Q. 84. Shall all men die?

[Page 107] A. Death being threatned as the wages of sin Rom. 6.13, it is appointed unto all men once to die Heb. 9.17., for that all have sinned Rom. 5.11..

Q. 85. Death being the wages of sin, why are not the righteous delive­red from death, seeing all their sins are forgiven in Christ?

A. The righteous shall be delivered from death it self at the last day, & even in death are delivered from the sting & curse of it 1 Cor. 15.16▪ 56., so that although they die, yet it is out of Gods love [...] 57.1. to free them perfectly from sin and misery Rev. 14.15., & to make then▪ capable of further communion with Christ in glory, which they then enter upon Luk. 23.43.

Q. 89. What is the Communion in glory with Christ which the members of the invisible Church enjoy immediately after death?

A. The communion in glory with Christ, which the members of the in­visible Church enjoy immediately af­ter death, is, in that their souls are then made perfect in ho [...]iness [...] [...]2.2 [...], and received into the highest heavens 2 Cor. 5.6, 8., whe [...]e they behold the face of God in light and glory Io [...]. [...].2., wa [...]ting for the f [...]ll redemption of their bodies Rom [...] 23., which even in death continue united to [Page 108] Christ 1 Thes. 4.14., and rest in their Graves as in their Beds Isa. 57.2.; till at the last day they be again united to their souls Job. 19.26, 27.: whereas the souls of the wicked are at death cast into hel, where they re­main in torments and utter dark­ness, and their bodies kept in their graves as in their Prisons, till the great day Luk. 16.73..

Q. 87. What are we to believe con­cerning the Resurrection?

A. We are to believe that at the last day there shall be a general Re­surrection of the dead, both of the just and unjust Act. 24.15, when they that are then found alive, shall in a moment be changed, & the self same bodies of the dead which were laid in the grave, being then again united to their souls forever, shall be raised up by the power of Christ 1 Cor. 15.52.53.; the bodies of the just by the Spirit of Christ, & by vertue of his resurrection, as their head shall be raised in power, spiri­tual, incorruptible, and made like to his glorious body 1 Cor. 15.22, 23, 42, 43, 44., and the bo­dies of the wicked shall be raised up in dishonour by him, as an offen­ded Judge Joh. 5.27.

Q. 88. What shall immediately follow after the Resurrection?

[Page 109] A. Immediately after the resurrecti­on shall follow the general and final judgment of Angels and men 2 Pet. 2.4. Jude v. 6.7 14, 15., the day & hour whereof no man knows, that all may watch & pray, & be ever ready for the coming of the Lord Mat. 24.35, 42, 4 [...]..

Q. 89. What shall be done to the wicked at the day of Iudgment?

A. At the day of judgment the wicked shall be set on Christs left hand Mat. 25.33., and upon clear evidence, & full conviction of their own consci­ences Rom. 2.15., shall have the fearful, but just sentence of condemnation pronoun­ced against them Mat. 25.41, 42, 43., and thereupon shall be cast out from the favourable Presence of God & the glorious fel­lowship with Christ, his Saints, and all his holy Angels, into hell to be punished with unspeakable torments, both of body and soul, with the Devil and his Angels for ever 2 Thes. 1.8..

Q. 90. What shall be done to the Righteous at the day of Iudgment? 1 Thes. 4.17.

A. At the day of judgment, the righteous being caught up to Christ in the clouds, shall be set on his right hand, & there openly acknowledged and acquitted Mat. 25.33., shall joyn with him in the judging of reprobate Angels and men 1 Cor. 6.2., and shall be received in­to [Page 110] heaven Mat. 25.34, 36. 1 Eph. 5.27., where they shall be fully and for ever freed from all sin and misery i, filled with unconceivable joyes Ps. 16.11.: made perfectly holy, and happy both in body and soul, in the company of innumerable saints, and holy Angels Heb. 12.22, but especially in the immediate vision and fruition of God the Father, of our Lord Jesus Christ, and of the holy Spirit, to all eternity 1 Ioh. 3.2: & this is the perfect and full communion which the members of the invisible Church shall enjoy with Christ in glory at the resur­rection and day of Judgment.

Having seen what the Scrip­tures principally teach us to believe concerning God; it follows to consider what they require as the duty of man.

Q. 91. WHat is the duty that God requireth of man?

A. The duty which God requireth of man, is obedience to his revealed will Rom. 12.1, 2..

Q. 92. What did God at first reveal unto man as the rule of his obedience?

A. The rule of obedience revealed to Adam in the state of innocency, [Page 111] and to all mankind in him, beside a special command, not to eat of the fruit of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, was the moral Law Gen. 1.28..

Q. 93. What is the Moral Law?

A. The Moral Law is the declara­tion of the will of God to mankind, directing and binding every one to personal, perfeect, and perpetual con­formity and obedience thereunto in the fruits & dispositions of the whole man, soul and body Deut. 5.1., and in per­formance of all those duties of holi­ness and righteousness which he oweth to God and man Luk. 1.75; promising life upon the fulfilling, and threat­ning death upon the breach of it Rom. 10.5..

Q. 94. Is there any use of the Mo­ral Law to man since the fall?

A. Although no man since the fall, can attain to righteousness and life by the Moral Law So. 8.3., yet there is great use thereof as well common to all men, as peculiar either to the un­regenerate, or regenerate Tim. 1.8..

Q. 95. Of what use is the Moral Law to all men?

A. The Moral Law is of use to all men, to inform them of the holy nature and will of God Lev. 11.44, 44., & of their duty, binding them to walk accord­dingly [Page 112] Mic. 6.8 Iam. 2.10, 11.; to convince them of their disability to keep it, & of the sinful pollution of their nature, hearts, & lives Ps. 19.11, 12., to humble them in sense of their sin and misery Rom. 3.9.25., and there by help them to a clear sight of the need they have of Christ Gal. 3.21 22., and of the perfection of his obedience Rom. 10, 4..

Q. 96. What particular use is there of the Moral Law to unregenerate men?

A. The Moral Law is of use to un­regenerate men, to awaken their con­sciences to fly from wrath to come 1 Tim. 1.9, 10., & to drive them to Christ Gal. 3.24., or upon their continuance in the estate and way of sin, to leave them unexcuse­able Rom. 1.20, & under the curse thereof Gal. 3.10.

Q. 97. What special use is there of the Moral Law to the regenerate?

A. Although they that are regene­rate, & believe in Christ, be deli­vered from the moral law as a Co­venant of works Rom. 6.14. Gal. 4.4, 5., so as thereby they are neither justified Rom. 3.10, nor condemn­ed Gal. 5.23. Rom. 8.1., yet, beside the general uses thereof common to them with all men, it is of special use, to shew them how much they are bound to Christ for his fulfilling it, and enduring the curse thereof in their stead, and for their good Rom. 7.24, 25., & thereby to provoke [Page 113] them to more thankfulness Luk. 1.68, 69, 74, 75. Col. 1.12., and to express the same in their greater care to conform themselves there­unto as the rule of their obedience Rom. 7.22..

Q. 98. Where is the Moral Law summarily comprehended?

A. The moral Law is summarily comprehended in the ten Com­mandments, which were delivered by the voice of God upon mount Si­nai, & written by him in two tables of stone Deu. 10.4., and are recorded in the twentieth chap. of Exodus: the four first Commandements containing our duty to God, and the other six, our duty to man Mat. 22.37, to 40..

Q. 99. What rules are to be observed for the right understanding of the ten Commandments?

A. For the right understanding of the ten Commandments, these rules are to be observed.

1. That the Law is perfect, & bin­deth every one to full conformity in the wholeman unto the righteousness thereof, & unto intire obedience, for ever; so as, to requite the utmost perfection of every duty, and to for­ [...]d the least degree of every sin Psal. 19.7 Mat. 5.21. to the end..

2. That it is spiritual; and so reach­eth the Understanding, Will, Affections, [Page 114] and all other powers of the soul, as well as words, works and gestures Ro. 7.14..

3. That one and the same thing▪ in divers respects, is required or forbid­den in several Commandments Col. 3.5. Amos. 8.5..

4. That, as, where a duty is comman­ded, the contrary sin is forbidden Isa. 58.13 Deut. 6.13., and, where a sin is forbidden, the contrary duty is commanded Mat. 1.21 to 25., so, where a promise is annexed, the con­trary threatning is included Exod. 20.11. ▪ and where a threatning is annexed, the contrary promise is included Ier. 18.7.

5. That, what God forbids is at no time to be done Job. 13.7, what he com­mands is alwaies our duty Deut. 4.8, and yet every particular duty is not to be done at all times Mat. 12.7.

6. That, under one sin or duty, all of the same kind are forbidden or com­manded, together with all the causes, means, occasions, and appearances thereof, & provocations thereunto Mat. 5.21.

7. That what is forbidden or com­manded to our selves, we are bound according to our places, to endea­vour that it may be avoided or per­formed by others according to the duty of their places Exod. 20.10..

8. That, in what is commanded to [Page 115] others, we are bound according to our places and callings to be help­ful to them 2 Cor. 1.24., and to take heed of partaking with others in what is forbidden them 1 Tim. 5.29..

Q. 101. What special things are we to consider in the ten Commandments?

A. We are to consider in the 10 Com­mandments, the preface, the substance of the Commandments themselves, & several reasons annexed to some of them, the more to inforce them.

Q. 102. What is the preface to the Commandments?

A. The preface to the Command­ments is contained in these words [ I am the Lord thy God, which have brought thee out of the Land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage Ex. 20.2.,] where in God manifesteth his Sovereign­ty, as being Jehovah, the eternal, immutable, and Almighty God Isa. 14.6., having his being in and of himself Ex. 3.44., and giving being to all his words Ex. 6.4., and works Act. 17.24, 28., and that he is a God in Covenant, as with Israel of old, so with all his people Gen. 17.7.; who, as he brought them out of their bon­dage in Egypt; so he delivereth us from our spiritual thraldom Luk. 1.74, and that therefore we are bound to [Page 116] take him for our God alone, and to keep all his Commandments 1 Pet. 1.15.16, 17, 18..

Q. 102. What is the sum of the four Commandments, which contain our duty to God?

A. The Sum of the four Com­mandments containing our duty to God, is to love the Lord our God with all our heart, and with all our soul, and with all our strength, and with all our mind Luk. 10.27..

Q. 103. Which is the first Command­ment?

A. The first Commandment is, Thou shalt have no other Gods before me Ex. 20.3.

Q. 104. What are the duties requi­red in the first Commandment?

A. The duties required in the first Commandment, are, the knowing & acknowledging of God to be the only true God, and our God 1 Chron. 28, 9.: and to worship and glorifie him accord­ingly Psal. 95.6., by thinking Mal. 13.16, meditating Ps. 63.6. remembring Eccl, 12.1., highly esteeming Ps. 71.19., honouring Mal. 1.6., adoring Is. 45.23., chusing Josh. 24.15, 22., loving Deut. 6.5., desiring Ps. 73.25, fearing of him Isa. 8.13. believing him Ex. 1 [...]4.31, trusting Isa. 26.1., hoping Ps. 1 [...]0.7 ▪ rejoycing Ps. 37.4., in him Ps. 32.11, being zealous for him Ro. 12.11., calling upon him, giving all praise & thanks Phil. 4.6., & yielding all obe­dience & submission to him, with the whole man Jer. 7.23.. [Page 117] be in carefull in all things to please him 1 Joh. 3.22., and sorrowfull when in any thing he is offended Jer. 31.28., and walking humbly with him Mic. 6.8..

Q. 105. What are the sins forbidden in the first Commandment?

A. The sins forbidden in the first Commandment, are, Atheisme in denying, or not having a God Ps. 14.1. Eph. 2.12.; Idolatry in having, or worshiping more Gods than one, or any with, or in stead of the true God Ier. 2.27.28., Jer. 2.32. the not having and avouching him for God, and our God Ps. 81.11.; the omission or neg­lect of any thing due to him requi­red in this Commandment Isa. 43.22., igno­rance Jer. 4.22., forgetfulness, misappre­hensions Act. 17.23., false opinions Isa. 40.18., unwor­thy and wicked thoughts of him Ps. 15.20., bold and curious search into his secrets Deut. 29.29.; all prophaneness Tit. 1.16., hatred of God Rom. 1.30., self-love 2 Tim. 5.1, self-seeking Phil. 2.21, and all other inordinate and immo­derate setting of our mind, will, or affections upon other things, and taking them off from him in whole or in part 1 Joh. 2.15.; vain credulity 1 Joh. 4.1., unbe­lief Heb. 3.12., heresie Gal. 5 20., misbelief Act. 26.9., distrust Ps. 78.22., despair Gen. 4.13, incorrigibleness Jer. 5.3., insen­sibleness under judgments Isa. 42.25., hard­ness of heart Rom. 2.5., pride Jer. 13.15, pre­sumption [Page 118] Ps. 19.13., carnal security Zeph. 1.12., tempt­ing of God Mat. 4.7., using unlawful means Rom. 3.8., and trusting in lawful means Ier. 17.5., carnal delights and joyes 1 Tim. 3.5, corrupt, blind, and indiscreet zeal Gal. 4.17., luke­warmness Rev. 3.16., & deadness in the things of God Rev. 3.1., estranging our selves, and apostatizing from God Ezek. 14.5., praying or giving any religious worship to Saints, Angels, or any other crea­tures Rom. 10.14, 15., all compacts, and consulting with the devil Rev. 20.6., and harkning to his suggestions Act. 5.3., making men the Lords of our faith & conscience 2 Cor. 1.24., slighting and despising God, and his Com­mands Deut. 32.15., resisting & grieving of his spirit Act. 1.51, disconte [...]t, and impatient at his dispensatio [...], charging him foo­lishly for the evil [...] he inflicts on us Psal. 73.2, 3, 14, 22., and ascribing the praise of any good we either are, have, or can do, to fortune 1 Sam. 6., idols Dan. 5.23, our selves Deut. 8.17., or any other creature Heb. 1.16..

Q. 106. What are we especially taught by these words [before me] in the first Commandment?

A. These words, before me, or be­fore my face, in the first Command­ment, teach us, that God who seeth all things, takes special notice of, and is much displeased with the si [...] [Page 119] of having any other God; that so it may be an argument to disswade from it, and to aggravate it as a most impudent provocation Ezek. 8.5. to the end: as also to perswade us to do, as in his sight, whatever we do in his service 1 Chyon. 38, 9..

Q. 207. Which is the second Com­mandment?

A. The second Commandment is, [ Thou shalt not make to thee any gra­ven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth; thou shalt not bow down to them nor serve them: for I the Lord thy God, am a jealous God, visit­ing the iniquity of the Fathers upon the Children, unto the third and fourth ge­ [...]eration of them that hate me; & shew­ [...]ng mercy unto thousands of them that [...]ove me and keep my Commandments Exod. 20.4, 5, 6..

Q. 108. What are the duties requi­ [...]ed in the second Commandment?

A. The duties required in the se­ [...]ond Commandment, are, the re­ [...]eiving, observing and keeping pure [...]nd intire all such religious worship [...]nd Ordinances as God hath insti­ [...]uted in his word Deut 32.46, 47., particularly, [...]rayer and Thanksgiving in the [...]ame of Christ Phil. 4.6., the reading, preach­ing, [Page 120] and hearing the word Deut. 17.18. Act. 10.33., the administration and receiving of the Sacraments Mat. 28.29., Church government and discipline Mat. 18.15., the Ministry and maintenance thereof Eph. 4.11., religious fasting Ioel. 2.12, swearing by the name of God Deu. 6.13, and vowing unto him Isa 19 21.: as also the disapproving, detesting, opposing all false worship Act. 17.16; and according to each ones place and calling, removing it, and all monu­ments of idolatry Deut. 7.5..

Q. 109. What are the sins forbidden in the second commandment?

A. The sins forbidden in the se­cond Commandment, are, all de­vising Num. 15.39., counselling Deu. 13.6, command­ing Hos. 5.11., using 1 King. 12.33., and any ways ap­proving any religious worship not instituted by God himself Deu. 12.30, 32.: tolerat­ing a false Religion Deut. 13.6. to 12. Revel. 2.2.14, 15, 20. Rev. 17.12., the making any representation of God, of all or of any of the three persons either in­wardly in our mind, or outwardly in any kind of Image or likeness of any creature whatsoever Deut. 4.15. to 19. Act. 17.29. Rom. 1.21, 22, 23, 25., all wor­shipping of it Dan. 1.3, 18. Gal. 4.8., or God in it, or by it Exod. 32.5, 8., the making of any representati­on of feigned Deities, and all wor­ship of them, or service belonging to [Page 121] them 1 Kin. 18.26., all superstitious devices Act. 17.22, corrupting the worship of God Mal. 1.7., ad­ding to it, taking from it Deut. 4.2., whether invented & taken up of our selves Ps. 104.19, or receiv'd by tradition from others Mat. 10.9, though under the title of anti­quity 1 Pet. 1.18, custom Ier. 41.17., devotions Isa. 65.3., good intent, or any other pretence what­soever 1 Sam. 15.21., [...]imony Act. 8.18, sacriledge Ro. 2.22., all neglect Ex. 4.24., contempt Mat. 22.5, hindering Mal. 1.7., and opposing the Worship & Ordi­nances which God hath appointed Act. 13.43..

Q. 110. What are the reasons annexed to the second Commandment, the more to enforce it?

A The reasons annexed to the se­cond Commandment, the more to inforce it, contained in these words, [ For I the Lord thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquities of the fa­thers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation, of them that hate me, and shewing mercy unto thou­sands of them that love me & keep my Commandments Ex. 20.5.,] are besides Gods soveraignty over us, & propriety in us Ps. 45.11, his fervent zeal for his own wor­ship Ex. 34.13, & his revengful indignation against all false worship, as being a spiritual whoredom 1 Cor. 10.20, 22.; accounting the breakers of this Commandment [Page 122] such as hate him & threatning to pu­nish them unto divers generations Hos. 2.27., & esteeming the observers of it such as love him, and keep his Com­mandments & promising mercy to them unto many generations Deu. 5.39..

Q. 111. Which is the third Com­mandment?

A. The third Commandment is, [ Thou shalt not take the Name of the Lord thy God in vain: for the Lord will not hold him guiltless that tak­eth his Name in vain Ex. 20.7..]

Q. 112. What is required in th [...] third Commandment?

A. The third Commandment re­quires, that the name of God, his titles, attributes Mat. 6.9., ordinances Mal 1.14, the word Ps. 138.2., sacraments 1 Cor. 11.24, 26, 28., prayer 1 Tim. 2.8., oaths Ier. 4.2., vows Eccl. 5.3., his lots Act. 1.2., his works Iob. 16.24, & whatso­ever else there is whereby he makes himself known, be holily and reve­rently used in thought Mal. 3.16, meditation Psal. 8. to the end, word Col. 3.17., writing Ps. 102.18., by an holy pro­fession Pet. 3.15., and answerable conversati­on Phil. 1.27., to the glory of God 1 Cor. 10.35., and th [...] good of our selves Jer. 32.35, and others 1 Pet. 2.12.

Q. 113. What are the sins forbidde [...] in the third Commandment?

A. The sins forbidden in the third Commandment, are, the not usin [...] [Page 123] of Gods name as is required Mat. 2.2., & the abuse of it, in an ignorant Act. 17.28., vain Prov. 50.9▪, irreverent, profane Mal. 1.6., superstitious 1 Sam 4.4, 5., or wicked mentioning, or otherwise using his titles, attributes 2 Kings 18.30, 35., ordinan­ces Ps 50.16., or works Isa. 5 11., by blasphemy 2 Kings 19.22., perjury Zech. 8.17., all sinful cursings 1 Sam. 27.42., oaths Ier. 5.7. vows Deut. 23.18., and lots Esth. 3. [...]., violating of our oaths and vows, if lawful Ps. 24.4., and fulfilling them, if of things unlaw­ful Mat. 6.26., murmuring & quarrelling at Rom. 3.14, curious prying into Deut. 29 19., and misapply­ing of Gods decrees Rom. 3.5., and provi­dences Eccl. 8.11, misinterpreting Mat. 5.21, misap­plying Ezek. 13.22., or any way perverting the word, or any part of it 2 Pet. 3.16., to profane jests Isa. 22.13., curious or unprofitable que­stions, vain janglings, or the main­taining of false doctrines 1. Tim. 1.4.6, 7., abusing it, the creatures, or any thing contai­ned under the Name of God, to charms, or sinful lusts and pract­ices 2 Tim. 1.3, 4. Rom. 13.13, 14. Iude v. 4., the maligning Acts. 13.4, 5., scorning Psal. 1.1., reviling 1 Pet. 4.4., or any ways opposing of Gods truth, grace, and ways Act. 13.45, 50., making profession of Religion in hy­pocrisie, or for sinister ends 2 Tim. 3.5., being Deut. 18.11, 12, 13, 14. Act 19. [Page 124] ashamed of it Mat. 8.38, or a shame to it by uncomfortable Ps. 73.14., unwise 1 Cor. 6.5., un­fruitful Isa. 5.4., and offensive walkings Rom. 3 23, or backsliding from it Gal. 3.31.3.

Q. 114. What reasons are annexed to the third Commandment?

A. The reasons annexed to the third Commandment in these words [ The Lord thy God] & [ For the Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his Name in vain Exo. 20.7,] are because he is the Lord & our God, and there­fore his name is not to be profaned, or any way abused by us Lev. 19.12, especial­ly, because he is so far from ac­quitting and sparing the transgres­sours of this Commandment, as that he will not suffer them to es­cape his righteous judgment Ezek. 36.21, 22, 23., al­beit many such escape the Censure and punishment of men 1 Sam. 2.12. to 24..

Q. 115. Which is the fourth Com­mandment?

A. The fourth Commandment is, [ Remember the Sabbath day to keep it holy: six days shalt thou labour & do all thy work, but the seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord thy God, in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy man servant, nor thy maid servant, nor thy cattel▪ nor thy stranger that is within thy [Page 125] thy gates: For in six days the Lord made heaven & earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day, wherefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day, and hallowed it Exod. 20.8, 9, 10, 11.]

Q. 116. What is required in the fourth Commandment?

A. The fourth Commandment re­quireth of all men the sanctifying or keeping holy to God, such set time as he hath appointed in his Word; ex­presly, one whole day in seven, which was the seventh from the beginning of the world to the resurrection of Christ, & the first day of the week e [...]e since, & so to continue to the end of the world, which is the Chri­stian Sabbath Deu. 5 12., and in the new Testament called the Lords day Rev. 1.10..

Q. 117. How is the Sabbath o [...] Lords day to be Sanctified?

A. The Sabbath or Lords day is to be Sanctified, by an holy resting all the day Exod. 20.8▪ 10., not only from such works as are at all times sinful, but even from such worldly imployments & recreations as are on other days law­ful Exod. 16.29. to 28.; and making it our delight to spend the whole time (except so much of it as is to be taken up in works of necessity and mercy Mat. 12.10, to 13.) in [Page 126] the publick and private exercises of Gods worship Isa. 58.13 Act. 20.7. Isa. 6 6.23.: and to that end we are to prepare our hearts, and with such fore-sight, diligence and mode­ration to dispose, and seasonably to dispatch our worldly business, that we may be the more free and fit for the duties of that day Ex. 20.8..

Q. 118. Why is the charge of keep­ing the Sabbath more specially di­rected to governours of families and other superiours?

A. The charge of keeping the Sab­bath is more specially directed to go­vernours of families & other supe­riours, because they are bound not only to keep it themselves, but to see that it be observed by all those that are under their charge, & because they are prone oft times to hinder them by imployments of their own Ex. 20.10 Ier. 17.20 21, 22..

Q. 119. What are the sins forbid­den in the fourth Commandment?

A. The sins forbidden in the fourth Commandment, are, all omissions of the duties required Ezek 22.26., all careless, neg­ligent, and unprofitable performing of them, and being weary of them Act. 20.7, all profaning the day by idleness▪ & doing that which is in it self sinful Ezek. 23. [...]8., and by all needless work [...], words [Page 127] and thoughts about our worldly im­ployments and recreations Ier. 17.14. Isa. 58.13..

Q. 120. What are the reasons an­nexed to the fourth Commandment, the more to inforce it?

A. The Reas [...]ns annexed to the fourth Commandment, the more to enforce it, are taken from the equity of it, God allowing us six days of seven for our own affairs, and reser­ving but one for himself, in these words, [ Six da [...] shalt thou labour and do all thy work Ex. 20.9..] from Gods challenging a special propriety in that day, [ The seventh day is the Sab­bath of the Lord thy God Ex. 20.10.] from the example of God, who in 6 days made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day, & from that blessing which God put upon that day, not only in sanctify­ing it to be a day for his service, but in ordaining it to be a means of bles­sing to us in our sanctifying it: [ Wherefore the Lord blessed the Sab­bath day and hallowed it Ex. 20.11.]

Q. 121. Why is the word Remem­ber set in the beginning of the fourth Commandment?

A. The word Remember is set in the beginning of the fourth Command­ment [Page 128] Ex. 20.8., partly because of the great benefit of remembring it: we being thereby helped in our preparation to keep it Ex. 16.23. Luk. [...]3.5 [...] ▪ and in keeping it, [...]etter to keep all the rest of the Command­men [...]s Psal. 92. title with v. 13.14., and to continue a thankful remembrance of the two great be­nefits of Creation and Redemption which contain a short abridgment of Religion Gen. 2.2.3., and partly because we are very ready to forget it Eze. 12.26, for that there is l [...]s light of [...]ature for it Gen. 9.14., and yet it restraineth our natural liberty in things at other times lawful Ex. 34.31: that it cometh but once in seven dayes, and many worldly businesses come between, and too often take off our minds from thinking of it, either to prepare for it, or to sanctifie it Deut. 54.14, 15., & that Sathan with his instruments, much labour to blot out the glory and even the memory of it, to bring in all irreligion and impiety [...]n. 1.7.

Q. 122. What is the sum of the sixth Commandments which contain our du­ty to man?

A. The sum of the six command­ment, which contain our duty to man, is, to love our neighbour as our selves Ma. 22 19, and to do to others what we would have them do to us Mat. 7.12.

[Page 129]Q. 123. Which is the fifth Com­mandment?

A. The fifth Commandment is, [ Honour thy Father and Mother, that thy days may be long upon the Land which the Lord thy God giveth thee Ex. 20.12.]

Q 124 Who are meant by Father & Mother, in the fifth Commandment?

A. By Father and Mother, in the fifth Commandment, are meant not only natural parents Prov. 23.22, 25., but all supe­riours in age 1 Tim. 5.1., and gifts Gen. 4 20., and espe­cially such as by Gods Ordinance are over us in place of Authority, whether in family 2 Kin. 5 13, Church Kin. 2.12., or Common-wealth Isa. 49.23.

Q. 125. Why are Superiours styled Father and Mother?

A. Superiours are styled Father & Mother, both to teach them in all duties towards their inferiours, like natural parents, to express love and tenderness to them, according to their several relations Eph. 6.4., and to work inferiours to a greater willing­ness and chearfulness in perform­ing their duties to their superiours as to their parent [...] 1 Cor. 4.14, [...]5, 16..

Q. 126. What is the general scope of the fi [...]th Commandment?

A. The general s [...]ope of the fifth [Page 130] Commandment is the performance of those duties which we mutually owe in our several relations, as In­feriours, Superiours, Equals Eph. 5.21..

Q. 127. What is the Honour that Inferiours owe to their Supe­riours?

A. The Honour which Inferiours owe to their Superiours is, all due re­verence, in heart Mal. 1.6., word Prov. 31.28., & beha­viour Le. 19.32.: prayer & thanksgiving for them 2 Tim. 2.1., imitating of their virtues & graces Heb. 13.7.: willing obedience to their lawful commands, and counsels Eph. 6.12., due submission to their corrections Heb. 12.9. fidelity to Tit. 2.9., defence 1 Sam 26.15, 16., and maintai­nance of their persons & authority, according to their several ranks & the nature of their places Mat. 22.21.: bearing with their infirmities, and covering them in love 1 Pet. 2.18. Pro. 23.22., that so they may be an honour to them and to their go­vernment Ps. 127.3, [...], 5..

Q. 128. What are the sins of infe­riours against their Superiours?

A. The sins of inferiours against their Superiours, are, all neglect of the duties required toward them Mat. 15.4, 5, 6., envying at Num. 11.28, 29., contempt of 1 Sam. 8.7, and Rebellion 2 Sam. 15 1. to 12., against their persons Exod. 2.1.15., and places 1 Sam. 10.27., in their lawful coun­sels [Page 131] 1 Sam. 2.25., commands and corrections Deut. 21.18.: cursing, mocking Pro. 30.11., and all such re­fractory and scandalous carriage, as proves a shame and dishonour to them and their government Pro. 19.26..

Q. 129. What is required of Su­periours towards their inferiours?

A. It is required of Superiours ac­cording to that power they receive from God, and that relation where­in they stand, to love Col. 3.19., pray for Iob. 1.5., and bless their inferiours Heb. 7.7., to in­struct Deu. 6.6., counsel, and admonish them Eph. 6.4., countenancing 1 Pet 3.7., commend­ing 1 Pet. 2 14, and rewarding such as do well Est. 6.3.: discountenancing Rom. 13.3., reproving and chastning such as do ill Pro. 29.15, pro­tecting Iob. 29.12, and providing for them all things necessary for soul Eph. 6.4., and bo­dy [...] Tim. 5.8: and by grave, wise, holy, and exemplary carriage, to procure glory to God 1 Tim. 4.12., honour to themselves 1 King. 3.28., and so to preserve that Authority which God hath put upon them Tit. 2.15..

Q. 130. What are the sins of Su­periours?

A. The sins of Superiours are, be­side the neglect of the duties requir'd of them Ez. 34.2., an inordinate seeking of themselves Phil, 2.21, their own glory Ioh. 5.14., ease, profit, or pleasure Isa. 56.11, commanding [Page 132] things unlawful Deut. 3.4., or not in the pow­er of inferiours to perform Ex. 5 10., counsel­ling Mat. 14.18., encouraging Sa. 13.28., or favouring them in that which is evil 1 Sam. 3.13., dis [...]wa­ding, discouraging or discountenan­cing them in that which is good Ioh. 7.46; correcting them unduly 1 Pet, 2.18, careless exposing, or leaving them to wrong temptation and danger Gen. 38.26., provoking them to wrath Eph. 6.4., or any way disho­nouring themselves or lessning their authority, by an unjust, indiscreet, rigorous or remiss behaviour Gen. 9.21.

Q 131. What are the duties of equals?

A. The duties of equals are to re­gard the dignity and worth of each other 1 [...]e 2.7., in giving honour to go one before another Rom. 12.1 10., and to rejoyce in each others gifts and advancement as in their own Rom. 12.15.

Q. 132. What are the sins of equals?

A. The sins of equals are, beside the neglect of the duties required Rom 23.8., the undervaluing of the worth 2 Tim. 3.3., envy­ing the gifts Act. 7.9., grieving at the ad­vancement or prosperity one of ano­ther Num. 13.2, and usurping preeminence one over another 3 Ioh. 5.9..

Q. 133. What is the reason annexed to the fifth Commandment, the more to [...]nforce it?

[Page 133] A. The reason annexed to the fifth Commandment, in these words, [ That thy days may be long upon the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee Ex. 20.12,] is an express promise of long life and prosperity, as far as it shall serve for Gods glory, and their own good, to all such as keep this Commandment Deu. 5.16..

Q 134. Which is the sixth Com­mandment?

A. The sixth Commandment is, [ Thou shalt not kill Ex. 20.13.]

Q. 135. What are the duties requi­red in the sixth Commandment?

A The duties required in the sixth Commandment are, all careful stu­dies & lawful endeavours to preserve the life of ourselves Eph. 5.28., & others 1 Kings 18.4., by resisting all thoughts & purposes Ier. 16.15., subduing all passions Eph. 4, 16., and avoiding all occasions 2 Sam. 2.22., temptations Mat. 4.6., and practices which tend to the unjust ta­king away the life of any 1 Sam. 24.12., by just defence thereof against violence Ps. 82.4., patient bearing of the hand of God Iam. 5.7., quietness of mind 1 Thes. 4.12, chearfulness of Spirit Pro. 17.22, a sober use of meat Pro. 15.26, 27., drink 1 Tim. 5.23, physick Isa. 38.21·, sleep Ps. 127.2., labour Eccl. 5.12., and recreation Eccl. 3.4., by charitable thoughts Sam. 19.4., love Ro. 13.10., compassion Lu. 10.33, [Page 134] meekness, gentleness, kindness Col. 3.12, peaceable Iam. 3.17, mild and courteous speeches, and behaviour 1 Pet. 3.8, 9, 10.11, forbea­rance, readiness to be reconciled, patient forbearing and forgiving in­juries, and requiting good for evil Mat. 5.24, comforting and succouring the di­stressed, and protecting and defen­ding the innocent 1 Thes. 5.14.

Q. 136. What are the sins forbid­den in the sixth Commandment?

A. The sins forbidden in the sixth Commandment are, all taking away the life of our selves Act. 16.28, or of others Gen. 9.5., except in case of publick justice Num. 35.32, 33., lawful war Ier. 48. to Deut. 20.9., or necessary defence Ex. 22.2.; the neglecting or withdrawing the lawful and necessary means of pre­servation of life Mat. 25.42, 43., sinful anger Mat. 5.22., ha­tred 1 Ioh. 3.15, envy Pro. 14.30., desire of revenge Ro. 12.19., all excessive passions Eph. 4.31., distracting cares Mat. 6.31., immoderate use of meat, drink Lu. 21.34., labour Ecc. 12.2., & recreations Isa. 5.12., provoking words Pro. 15.1., oppression Eze. 18.18, quarrelling Gal. 5.15., striking, wounding Nu. 35.16, and whatso­ever else tends to the destruction of the life of any Ex. 21.18..

Q. 137. Which is the seventh Com­mandment?

A. The seventh Commandment is, [ Thou shalt not commit adultery Ex. 20.14·]

[Page 135]Q. 138. What are the duties requi­red in the seventh Commandment?

A. The duties required in the se­venth Commandment, are, Chastity, in body, mind, affections 1 Thes. 4.4., words Col 4.6., & behaviour 1 Pet. 3.2., & the preservation of it in our selves and others 1 Cor. 7.2., watch­fulness over the eyes, and all the sen­ses Iob. 31.2., temperance Act. 24.24, keeping of chast company Prov. 2.16, modesty inapparel 2 Tim. 2.9., mar­riage by those that have not the gift of continency 1 Cor. 7.2.: conjugal love Pro. 5.19, and cohabitation 1 Pet. 3.7., diligent labour in our callings Pro. 31.12, shunning all occa­sions of uncleanness, and resisting temptations thereunto Pro. 5.8..

Q. 139. What are the sins forbid­den in the seventh Commandment?

A. The sins forbidden in the se­venth commandment, besides the neglect of the duties required Pro. 5.7., are adultery, fornications Heb. 13.4., rape incest 2 Sam. 13.14., sodomy, and all unnatural lusts Rom. 1.24, all unclean imaginations, thoughts, pur­poses and affections Mat. 5.28 Col. 3.5.; all corrupt or filthy communications, or listening thereto Eph. 5.3., wanton looks Isa. 3.16., impudent or light behaviour: immodest ap­parel Pro. 7.10., prohibiting of lawful 1 Tim. 4.3., and dispensing with unlawful marriages Lev. 18.1, allowing, tolerating, keeping of [Page 136] stews, & resorting to them 1 King. 15 12., intang­ling vows of single life Mat. 19.10.11., undue de­lay of marriage 1 Cor. 7.7., having more wives or husbands than one, at the same time Mal. 2.14., unjust divorce Mat 4.32, or deserti­on 1 Cor 7.12, idleness, gluttony, drunken­ness Ezek 16.49., unchast company Ge. 39.10., lascivi­ous songs, books, pictures, dancings, stage-plays Eph. 5.4., and all other provoca­tions to, or acts of uncleanness ei­ther in our selves or others 2 Ki. 5.30.

Q. 140. Which is the eighth Com­mandment?

A. The eighth Commandment is, [ Thou shalt not steal Ex. 20.15.]

Q. 141. What are the duties requi­red in the eighth Commandment?

A. The duties required in the eighth Commandment are, truth, faithful­ness & justice in contracts, & com­merce between man & man Ps 15 2.: ren­dering to every one his due Rom. 13.7., resti­tution of goods unlawfully detained from the right owners thereof Lev. 6.2., gi­ving and lending freely, according to our abilities, and the necessities of others Lu. 6.30.: moderation of our judg­ments▪ wills, and affections, concer­ning worldly goods 1 Tim. 6.6.; a provident care and study to get 1 Tim 5.8., keep, use and dispose those thing [...] which are ne­cessary [Page 137] and convenient for the sus­tentation of our nature, & suteable to our condition pro. 27.23, a lawful calling 1 Cor. 7.10., & diligence in it Eph. 2.28.: frugality Ioh. 6 12., avoid­ing unnecessary law suits 1 Cor. 6.1., & sure­tyship, or other like engagements Pro. 6.1., and an endeavour by all just, and lawful means, to procure, preserve and further the weal and outward estate of others as well as our own Lev. 15.35..

Q. 142. What are the sins forbid­den in the eighth Commandment?

A. The sins forbidden in the eighth Commandment, beside the neglect of the duties required Iam. 2.25, are these Eph. 4.28., robbery Ps. 62.10, man-stealing 1 Tim. 1.10, & recei­ving any thing that is stollen Pro. 29 24, fradu­lent dealing 1 Thes. 4.6., false weights & mea­sures Pro. 11.1., removing land marks Deu. 19.14, in­justice and unfaithfulness in con­tracts between man and man Amo [...] 8.5., or in matters of trust Luk. 16.10, 12.: oppression Ez. 22.29. Lev. 25.17., exto [...]tion Mat. 22.25▪ [...]z. 22.12. ▪ usury Ps. 15 5., bribery Ioh. 15. [...]4, vex­atious law-suits 1 Cor 6.6, 7, 8. Prov. 3.29.30., unjust inclosures, and depopulati [...]n [...] Isa. 5 8. Mic. 2.2., ingrossing commodities to enhance the price Prov. 11.26., unlawful callings Act. 19.19.24, 25., and all other unjust or sinful ways of taking, or withholding from our Neighbour [Page 138] what belongs to him, or of enriching our selves Ioh. 20.19, covetousness Lu. 12.15., inordi­nate prizing and affecting worldly goods 1 Tim 5.3., distrustful and distracting cares & studies in getting, keeping, & using them Mat. 6.25, envying at the pros­perity of others Ps. 73.3., as likewise idle­ness 2 Thes. 3.11, prodigality, wastful gaming, and all other ways whereby we do unduly prejudice our own outward estate Prov. 21.17., Prov. 18.9. and defrauding our selves of the due use and comfort of that estate which God hath given us Eccl. 4.8..

Q. 143. Which is the ninth Com­mandment?

A. The ninth Commandment is, [ Thou shalt not bear false witness a­gainst thy neighbour Ex. 20.16..]

Q. 144. What are the duties requi­red in the ninth Commandment?

A. The duties required in the ninth Commandment are, the preserving & promoting of truth between man and man Zech. 8.16, & the good name of our neighbours as well as our own 3 Ioh. v. 12: ap­pearing, and standing for Pro [...] 31.8., and from the heart Ps. 15.2., sincerely 2 Chro. 19.9., freely 1 Sam. 19.4, 5., clear­ly Io [...]h. 7.19, and fully 2 Sam. 14.18.20, speaking the truth & only the truth in matters of judg­ment and justice Lev. 19.15, and in all other things whatsoever 2 Cor. 1.17., a charitable [Page 139] esteem of our neighbours Heb. 6.9. 1 Cor. 13.6.; loving, desiring, & rejoycing in their good name Rom. 1.8., sorrowing for 2 Cor. 2.4., & covering of their infirmities Prov. 12 9., freely acknow­ledging their gifts and graces 1 Cor. 1.4., de­fending their innocency 1 Sam. 12.14., a ready receiving of a good report 1 Cor. 13.6., and un­willingness to admit of an evil re­port concerning them Psal. 15.3., discouraging 1 Cor. 13.6. tale-bearers Prov. 25.23. Pro. 26.24, 25., flatterers w, and slan­derers Ps 101.5., love and care of our own good name, and defending it when need requireth Pro. 14.5., keeping of lawful promises Ps. 1.4., studying and practising of whatsoever things are true, ho­nest, lovely, and of good report Phil. 4▪8..

Q. 145. What are the sins forbid­den in the ninth Commandment?

A. The sins forbidden in the ninth Commandment are, all prejudicing the truth and the good name of our neighbours as well as our own 1 Sam. 17.28., espe­cially in publick judicature Lev. 19.15, giving false evidence Pro. 19.5., suborning false wit­nesses Act. 5.13., wittingly appearing & plea­ding for an evil cause, outfacing & over bearing the truth Ier. 9.3., passing un­just sentence 1 King. 21.9. to 14, calling evil good, & good evil, rewarding the wicked ac­cord [...]ng to the work of the righteous, and the righteous according to the [Page 140] works of the wicked Isa. 15.23, forgery Ps. 119 69., con­cealing the truth, undue silence in a just cause Lev. 5.1., and holding our peace when iniquity calleth either for a re­proof from our selves 1 Kin. 5.6., or complaint to others Isa. 5 9.4., speaking the truth unsea­sonably Pr. 19. [...]1., or malicio [...]sly to a wrong end 1 Sam. 12.9, 10., or perverting it to a wrong meaning Ps. 56.6., or in doubtful and equi­vocal expressions to the p [...]ejudice of truth or justice Gen. 3.5. ▪ speaking untruth Isa. 59.3., lying Lev. 19.11, slandring Ps. 50.20., [...]ack [...]iting Ps. 15.3., de­tracting Iam. 4.11, tale-bearing Le. 19.19., whispe­ring Ro. 1.29., scoffing Gen. 21.6., revi [...]ing 1 Cor. 6.10., rash Mat. 7.1., harsh Act. 28.4., & par [...]ial censuring Rom. 2.1., mis­construing intentions, words & act [...] ­ons Neb. 6.6., flattering Ps. 12.2., vain glorious bost­ing 2 Tim. 3.2., thinking or speaking too high­ly or to meanly of our selves or o­thers Luk. 18.9. Rom. 12.1 [...]. 1 Cor. 4.4. Act. 12.22. Exod. 4.10, 11, 12, 13, 14., denying the gifts and graces of God Ioh. 4.6., aggravating smaller faults Mat. 7.3, 4, 5., hiding, excusing, or extenuating of sins when cal [...]d to a free confession Prov. 28.13. Gen. 4.9., unnecessary discovering of infirmi­ties Gen. 9.22. Prov. 25.9, 10., raising false rumors Exod. 23.1., recei­ving & countenancing evil reports Prov. 29.12. and stopping our ears against just de­fence [Page 141] Act. 7.56., evil suspition 1 Cor. 13.3., envying or grieving at the deserved credit of any Num. 11.29., endeavouring or desiring to impair it Ezra 4.11., rejoycing in their dis­grace and infamy Ier. 48.27, scornful con­tempt Ps. 35.15▪, fond admiration Iu. v. 16., breach of lawful promises Rom. 1.32, neglecting such things as are of good report 1 Sam. 2.14, & pra­ctising or not avoiding our selves, or not hindring, what we can in others such things as procure an ill name 2 Sa. 12.13.

Q. 146. Which is the tenth Com­mandment?

A. The tenth Commandment is, [ Thou shalt not covet thy neighbours house, thou shalt not covet thy neigh­bours wife, nor his man servant, nor his maid servant, nor his ox nor his ass, nor any thing that is thy neighbours Ex. 10.17.]

Q. 147. What are the duties requi­red in the Tenth Commandment?

A. The duties required in the tenth Commandment are, such a full con­tentment with our own condition Heb. 13.5., and such a charitable frame of the wholesoul towards our neighbour, as that all our inward motions & affe­ctions touching him tend unto, and further all that good which is his Ioh. 31.29 Rom. 12.15.

Q. 148. What are the sins forbidden in the tenth Commandment?

[Page 142] A. The sins forbidden in the tenth Commandment are, discontentment with our own estate 1 Kin. 11.4., envying Gal. 5.26., and grieving at the good of our neigh­bours Ps. 112.9., together with all inordinate motions and affections to any thing that is his Rom. 7.7..

Q. 149. Is any man able perfectly to keep the Commandments of God?

A. No man is able either of him­self Iam. 3.3. Ioh. 15.5., or by any grace receiv'd in thi [...] life, perfectly to keep the command­ments of God Eccl. 7.2 [...], but doth daily break them in thought Gen. 6.5., word, and deed Rom. 3.9..

Q. 150. Are all transgressions of the Law of God equally hainous in themselves and in the sight of God?

A. All transgressions of the Law of God are not equally hainous: but some [...]ns in themselves, and by rea­son of several aggravations, are more hainous in the sight of God than others Ioh. 19.11,.

Q. 151. What are those aggrava­tions which make some sins more hai­nous than others?

A. Sins receive their aggravations from the persons offending Ier. 2.8., if they be of riper age Iob. 22.7., greater experience or grace 1 Kin. 11.4., eminent for profession 2 Sam. 12.14. ▪ gifts Iam. 4.17., place Ier. 5.4, 5., office 2 Sam. 12.7, 8, 9., guides to [Page 143] others Rom. 2.17., and whose example is like­ly to be followed by others Gal. 2.11.

From the parties offended Mat. 2.38 39., if im­mediately against God 1 Sam. 2.25., his attri­butes Rom. 2.4., & worship Mal. 1.8., against Christ and his grace Heb. 2.2., the holy Spirit Heb. 10.29, his witness Ep. 4.30., and working Heb. 6.4.; against su­perioursmen of eminency Iude v. 8., & such as we stand especially related & en­gaged unto Prov. 30.17., against any of the saints Zeph. 2.8., particularly weak brethren 1 Cor. 12.8, the souls of them or any other Eze. 13.9. and the common good of all or many 1 Thes. 2.15.16..

From the nature and quality of the offence Prov. 6.30, 35., if it be against the ex­press letter of the Law Ezra 5.10, 11, 12., break many Commandments, contain in it ma­ny sins Col. 3.5. 1 Tim. 6.20. Prov. 5, 8, 9, 10., if not only conceiv'd in the heart, but breaks forth in words and actions Iames 1.14. Mat. 5.22. Mic. 2.1., scandalize others Mat. 18.7., and ad­mit of no reparation Deut. 22.22, to 28., if against means Mat. 11.21. to 24., mercies Isa. 1.3., judgments Amos 4.8. to 14., light of nature Rom. 1.16, 17., conviction of consci­ence Rom. 1.24., publick or private admoniti­on Prov. 29.1., censures of the Church Tit. 3 10., civil punishments Prov. 27.22., and our own pray­ers [Page 144] purposes, promises Ps. 78.24., vows Eccl. 5.4., co­venante Lev. 26.25., & engagements to God or men Pro. 2.17., if done deliberatly Ps. 35.3., wilfully Ier. 6.16 presumptuously Nu. 15 30, impudently Ier. 3.3., bo­stingly Ps. 52.1., maliciously 3 Ioh. v. 10, frequently Num. 14.22., obstinatly Zech. 7.11, 12., with delight [...]ro. 2.24., continu­ance Isa. 57.17, or relapsing after repentance. From circumstances Ier 34.8., of time 2 King. 5.26., and place Ier. 7.10.; if on the Lords day Ezek. 23.37, 39., or other times of divine worship Isa 58.3., or imme­diately before 1 Cor. 11.20.21., or after these Ier. 7.8., or other helps to prevent or remedy miscarriages Ez. 9.13., if in publick, or in the presence of others who are thereby likely to be provoked or defiled 2 Sam. 16.22..

Q. 152. What doth every sin de­serve at the hands of God?

A▪ Every sin, even the least being against the sovereignty Iam. 2.10, goodness Exod. 20.1, 2▪ & holiness of God Heb. 1.13. Lev. 10.3., and against his righteous Law 1. Io [...]. 3.14. Rom. 7.11.: deserveth his wrath and curse Eph. 5.6. Gal. 3▪ 10., both in this life Deut. 28.15., & that which is to come Mat. 25.41., & cannot be ex­piated but by the blood of Christ,

Q. 153. What doth God require of us that we may escape his wrath and curse due to us by reason of the transgression of the Law?

Heb. 9.22.

[Page 145] A. That we may escape the wrath and curse of God due to us by rea­son of the transgression of the Law, he requireth of us repentance to­ward God, and faith toward our Lord Jesus Christ Act. 20.21. Mat. 3.7, 8., and the diligent use of the outward means whereby Christ communicates to us the be­nefits of his mediation Prov. 2.1. to 6..

Q. 154. What are the outward means whereby Christ communicates to us the benefits of his mediation?

A. The outward and ordinary means wereby Christ communica­ [...]eth to his Church the benefits of his [...]ediation, are, all his ordinances, [...]specially the word, Sacraments [...]nd Prayer: all which are made effe­ [...]tual to the elect for their salvation Mat. 28.19, 20..

Q. 195. How i [...] the Word made [...]ffectual to salvation?

A. The Spirit of God maketh the [...]ading, but especially the preaching [...]f the word, an effectual means of [...]lightning Neh. 8.8., convincing and hum­ [...]ing sinners 1 Cor. 14.24, 25., of driving them out [...] themselves, & drawing them un­ [...] Christ Act. 2.37 41., of conforming them to [...] Image 2 Cor. 3.18, & subduing them to his [...]ll 2 Cor. 10.4, 5, 6., of strengthening them against [...]mptations and corruptions Mat. 4.4.7.10., of [Page 146] building them up in grace Act. 20.32, and establishing their hearts in holiness and comfort through faith unto sal­vation Rom. 16.25..

Q. 156. Is the word of God to b [...] read by all?

A. Although all are not to be permit­ted to read the word publickly to th [...] Congregation Deu. 31.9.11, 12, 13., yet all sorts of peo­ple are bound to read it apart b [...] themselves Deut. 17.19., and with their fam [...]lies Deut. 6.6.7, 8, 9., to which end the holy Scrip [...]tures are to be translated out of [...] Original into vulgar languages 1 Cor. 14.6, 9, 11, 12, 15, 26..

Q. 157. How is the word of G [...] to be read?

A. The holy Scriptures are to be rea [...] with an high and reverent esteem them Ps. 19.10., with a firm perswasion th [...] they are the very word of God 2 Pet. 1.19, 20, 21., that he only can enable us to und [...]stand them Luk. 14.25., with desire to kno [...] believe & obey the will of God [...]vealed in them Deut. 17.19, 20., Act. 17.11. with diligence & attention to the matter & [...] of them Act 8.30, 31., with meditation Ps. 1.2., app [...]cation 2 Chr. 34.21., self-denial Prov. 3.5. Prov. 21. to 17., and praye [...] ▪

Q. 158. By whom is the word God to be preached?

A. The word of God is to be prea [...]ed only by such as are sufficie [...]ly [Page 147] gifted 1 Tim. 3.2.6., and also duly approved and called to that office Ier. 14.63..

Q. 159. How is the word of God to be preached by those that are called thereunto?

A. They that are called to labour in the ministry of the word, are to preach sound doctrine Tit. 2.1.8., diligently Act. 18.25, in season & out of season 2 Tim. 4.2., plainly 1 Cor. 14.19; not in the enticing words of mens wisdom, but in demonstration of the Spirit and power 1 Cor. 2.4., faithfully Ier. 23.28, mak­ [...]ng known the whole counsel of God Act. 20.21., wisely Col. 1.28. applying themselves to [...]he necessities and capacities of the [...]earers 1 Cor. 3.2., zealously Act. 8.25, with fervent [...]ove to God 2 Cor. 5.13, 14., and the souls of the people Col. 4.12., sincerely 2 Cor. [...].17, aiming at his glory 1 Thes. 2.4, 5.6., and their conversion 1 Cor. 9.19, 20, 21, 22., edi­ [...]ication 2 Cor. 12.19., and salvation 1 Tim. 4.9..

Q. 160. What is required of those [...]hat hear the word preached?

A. It is required of those that hear [...]he word preached, that they attend [...]pon it with diligence Prov. 8.3., preparati­ [...]n 1 [...]et. 2.1, 2., & prayer Psal. 119 8., examine what they [...]ear by the Scriptures Act. 18.11., receive the [...]uth with faith Heb. 4.2., love, meekness, [...]nd readiness of mind, as the [Page 148] Word of God 1 Thes. 2.13, meditate Luk. 9.44, and confer of it Lu. 21.14., hide it in their hearts Prov. 2.1., and bring forth the fruit of it in their lives Luk. 6.15..

Q. 161. How do the Sacraments be­come effectual means of Salvation?

A. The Sacraments become ef­fectual means of Salvation, not by any power in themselves, or any ver­tue derived from the piety & inten­tion of him by whom they are admi­nistred, but only by the working of the holy Ghost, and the blessing of Christ by whom they are instituted 1 Pet. 3.21.

Q. 162. What is a Sacrament?

A. A Sacrament is an holy ordi­nance instituted by Christ in his Church Gen. 17.7.10., to signifie, seal, and exhi­bit Rom. 4.11, unto those that are within the Covenant of Grace Rom. 15.8., the benefits of his mediation Acts 2.38., to strengthen, and increase their faith, & all other graces Rom. 4.11, to oblige them to obedi­ence Rom. 6.3.4., to testifie and cherish their love and communion one with an­other Eph. 4.2, 3, 4, 5., and to distinguish them from those that are without Eph. 2.11 12..

Q. 163. What are the parts of a Sacrament?

A. The parts of a Sacrament are two; the one, an outward and sen [...]sible [Page 149] sign, used according to Christs own appointment; the other an in­ward and spiritual grace, thereby signified Mat. 3.11 1 Pet. 2.21..

Q. 164. How many Sacraments hath Christ instituted in his Church under the New Testament?

A. Under the New Testament Christ hath instituted in his Church only two Sacraments, Baptism, and the Lords Supper Mat. 28.19. 1 Cor. 11.20, 23..

Q. 163. What is Baptism?

A. Baptism is a Sacrament of the New Testament, wherein Christ hath ordained the washing with wa­ter, in the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the holy Ghost Mat. 28.19., to be a sign and seal of ingrafting into himself Gal. 3.2., of remission of sins by his blood Mat. 14., and regeneration by his Spirit Tit. 3.5., of adoption Gal. 3.26.27., and re­surrection unto everlasting life 1 Cor. 15.29.: and whereby the parties baptized are solemnly admitted into the vi­sible Church 1. Cor. 12.13., and enter into an o­pen and professed ingagement to be wholly and only the Lords Rom. 6.4..

Q. 166. Unto whom is Baptism to be administred?

A. Baptism is not to be admini­stred to any that are out of the visi­ble [Page 150] Church, & so strangers from the Covenant of promise, till they pro­fess their faith in Christ, and obedi­ence to him Act. 8.36, 37. Act. 2.38.: but infants descend­ing from parents, either both, or but one of them, pr [...]fessing faith in Christ, and obedience to him, are in that respect, within the Cove­nant, and to be baptized Gen. 17.7, 9. Luke. 18.15.16. Rom. 11.16.

Q. 167. How is our baptism to be improved by us?

A. The needful but much neglected duty of improving our Baptism, is to be performed by us all our life long, especially in the time of temp­tation, and when we are present at the administration of it to others Col. 2.11.12. Rom. 6.4, 6, 11., by serious and thankful con [...]iderati­on of the nature of it, & of the ends for which Christ instituted it, the priviledges and benefits conferred and sealed thereby, and our solemn vow made therein Rom. 6.3, 4, 5., by being hum­bled for our sinful defilements, our falling short of, and walking contra­ry to the grace of Baptism and our ingagements 1 Cor. 1.11 12, 13. Rom. 6.2, 3., by growing up to as­surance of pardon of sin, and of all other blessings sealed to us in that Sacrament Rom. 4.11. [...]., by drawing strength from the death and resurrection of [Page 151] Christ into whom we are baptized, for the mortifying of sin, and quick­ning of grace Rom. 6.3, 4▪ 5., and by endeavour­ing to live by faith Gal. 3.26.27., to have our conversation in holiness and right­eousness Rom. 6.22., as those that have there­in given up there name to Christ Act. 2.38, and to walk in brotherly love, as being baptized by the same spirit into one body 1 Cor. 12.13, 25, 26, 27..

Q. 168. What is the Lords Supper?

A. The Lords Supper is a Sacrament of the New Testament Luk 22.20., wherein by giving and receiving bread and wine according to the appointment of Jesus Christ, his death is shewed forth: and they that worthily com­municate, feed upon his body and blood, to their spiritual nourishment and growth in grace Mat. 26.26, 27, 28., have their u­nion & communion with him con­firmed 1 Cor. 10.15, testifie and renew their thankfulness 1 Cor. 11.24, 25, 26., and ingagement to God 1 Cor. 10.14, 15, 16., and their mutual love, and fellowship each with other, as mem­bers of the same mystical body 1 Cor. 10.17..

Q. 169. How hath Christ appointed bread & wine to be given and received in the Sacrament of the Lords Supper?

A. Christ hath appointed the mini­sters of his word, in the administrati­tion [Page 152] of the Sacrament of the Lords Supper, to set apart the bread and wine from common use, by the word of institution, thanksgiving, & pray­er, to take and break the bread, and to give both the bread, & the wine to the Communicants, who are, by the same appointment, to take, & eat the bread, and to drink the wine, in thankful remembrance that the bo­dy of Christ was broken and given, and his blood shed for them 1 Cor 11.23, 24. Mat 26.26 27, 28..

Q. 170. How do they that worthily com­municate in the Lords Supper, feed upon the body and blood of Christ therein?

A. As the body and blood of Christ are not corporally or carnally pre­sent in, with, or under the bread and wine in the Lords Supper Act. 3.2., and yet are spiritually present to the faith of the receiver, no less truly and really than the elements themselves are to their outward sense Mat. 26.26, 28., so they that worthily communicate in the Sacra­ment of the Lords Supper, do therein feed upon the body and blood of Christ, not after a corporal, or carnal but in a spiritual manner, yet truly & really 1 Cor. 11.24, 25.26, 27, 28, 29., while by faith they receive and apply unto themselves Christ crucified, and all the benefits of his death 1 Cor. 10.16..

[Page 153]Q. 171. How are they that re­ceive the Sacrament of the Lords Sup­per to prepare themselves before they come unto it?

A. They that receive the Sacrament of the Lords Supper, are, before they come, to prepare themselves there­unto, by examining themselves 1 Cor. 11.18., of their being in Christ 1 Cor. 13.5., of their sins and wants 1 Cor. 5.7., of the truth and mea­sure of their knowledge 1 Cor. 11.29., faith 2 Cor. 13.5., re­pentance Zech. 12.10., love to God and the bre­thren 1 Cor. 10.16, 17., charity to all men 1 Cor. 5.8., forgi­ving those that have done them wrong Mat. 5.23 24., of their desires after Christ Isa. 55.1., and of their new obedience 1 Cor. 5.7, 8., and by renewing the exercise of these graces 1 Cor. 11.25, 26, 28., by serious meditation 1 Cor. 13.24, 25., and fervent prayers 2. Chr. 30▪18, 19..

Q. 172. May one who doubteth of his being in Christ, or of his due preparation, come to the Lords Sup­per?

A. One who doubteth of his being in Christ, or of his due preparation to the Sacrament of the Lords supper may have true interest in Christ, though he be not yet assured there­of Isa. 50.10., and in Gods account, hath it, if he be duely affected with the appre­hension of the want of it Isa. 54.7, 8, 9, 10., & unfai­nedly [Page 154] desires to be found in Christ Phil. 3.8, 9., and to depart from iniquity 2 Tim. 2.19.: in which case (because promises are made, and this Sacrament is ap­pointed, for the relief even of weak and doubting Christians Isa. 40.11, 20, 31. Mat. 21.28) he is to bewail his unbelief Mat. 9.22., and labour to have his doubts resolved Act. 2.37., and so doing he may and ought to come to the Lords Supper, that he may be further strengthened Rom. 4.11..

Q. 173. May any who profess the faith, and desire to come to the Lords Supper, be kept from it?

A. Such as are found to be igno­rant or scandalous, notwithstanding their profession of the faith, and de­sire to come to the Lords Supper, may and ought to be kept from that Sacrament by the power which Christ hath left in his Church 1 Cor. 11.27. to the end. 1 Tim. 5.22, until they receive instruction, and ma­nifest their reformation 2 Cor. 3.7..

Q. 174. What is required of them that receive the Sacrament of the Lords Supper in the time of the ad­ministration of it?

A. It is required of them that receive the Sacrament of the Lords Supper, that, during the time of the ad­ministration of it with all holy re­verence [Page 155] and attention they wait upon God in that Ordinance Lev. 10.3, did ligently observe the Sacramental Elements and actions Exod. 14.8., heedfully discern the Lords Body 1 Cor. 11.29, and af­fectionatly meditate on his death and sufferings Luke 12.19., and thereby stir up themselves to a vigorous exercise of their graces 1 Cor. 12.26., in judging them­selves 1 Cor 1 [...].3, and sorrowing for sin Zech. 1 [...].10., in earnest hungring and thirsting af­ter Christ Rev. 13.17., feeding on him by faith Joh. 6.25., receiving of his fulness Ioh. 4.16., trusting in his merits Phil. 3.9., rejoycing in his love Ps. 63.4, 5, giving thanks for his grace Ps. 22.26., in renewing of their Cove­nant with God Ier. 50.5., and love to all the Saints Act. 2.11.

Q. 175. What is the duty of Chri­stians after they have received the Sa­crament of the Lords Supper?

A. The duty of Christians after they have received the Sacrament of the Lords Supper, is seriously to consider how they have behaved themselves therein, and with what success Ps. 28.7.; if they find quickning and comfort, to bless God for it Chr. 30.21 to 26., beg the continu­ance of it Ps. 36.10▪, watch against relapses 1 Cor. 10.3, 4, 5, 11., fulfil their vows Ps. 50.14., and incourage themselves to a frequent attendance [Page 156] on that ordinance 1 Cor. 11.25, 26., but if they find not present benefit, more exactly to review their preparation to, & car­riage at the Sacrament Can. 5.1. to 6., in both which if they can approve themselves to God and their own consciences, they are to wait for the fruit of it in due time Ps. 125.1.2, but if they see they have failed in either, they are to be hum­bled 2 Cor. 13.18, 19., and to attend upon it after­ward with more care & diligence 2 Cor. 7.11..

Q. 176. Wherein do the Sacraments of Baptism and the Lords Supper agree?

A. The Sacraments of Baptism and the Lords Supper agree, in that the Author of both is God Mat. 28.19., the spiri­tual part of both is Christ and his benefits Rom. 6.3.4., both are seals of the same Covenant Rom. 4.11., are to be dispensed by Ministers of the Gospel and by none other Ioh. 1.33., and to be continued in the Church of Christ untill his second coming Mat. 1 19..

Q. 177. Wherein do the Sacraments of Baptism and the Lords Supper differ?

A. The Sacraments of Baptism and the Lords Supper differ, in that Bap­tism is to be administred but once with water to be a sign & seal of our regeneration and ingrafting into Christ Mat. 3.11., and that even to infants Gen. 17.7; [Page 157] whereas the Lords Supper is to be administred often, in the Elements of bread and wine, to represent and exhibit Christ as spiritual norrish­ment to the soul 1 Cor. 1.23, 24, 25, 26., and to confirm our continuance and growth in him 1 Cor. 10.16., and that only to such as are of years and abilitie to examine themselves 1 Cor. 11.28, 29..

Q. 178. What is Prayer?

A. Prayer is an offering up of our desires unto God Ps. 62.8., in the name of Christ Joh. 16.23., by the help of his spi­rit Rom. 8.26, with confession of our sins Ps. 31.5, 6, and thankful acknowledgment of his mercies Phil. 4.6..

Q. 179. Are we to pray unto God only?

A. God only being able to search the hearts 1 King. 8.39., hear the requests Ps. 65 2., pardon the sins Mic. 7.18., & fulfil the desires of all Ps. 145.18, 19., and only to be believed in Rom. 10.11., and worshipped with religious worship Mat. 1.10., prayer which is a special part thereof 1 Cor. 1.2., is to be made by all to him alone Ps. 50.15. and to none other Ro. 10.14..

Q. 180. What is it to pray in the Name of Christ?

A. To pray in the name of Christ is in obedience to his command, and in confidence on his promises, to ask mercy for his sake Ioh. 14.14, 1., not by bare [Page 158] mentioning of his Name Mat. 7.21, but by drawing our encouragement to pray & our boldness, strength, and hope of acceptance in prayer, from Christ and his mediation Heb. 4.14.15, 16. 1 Iob. 5.13.14, 15..

Q. 181. Why are we to pray in the Name of Christ?

A. The sinfulness of man, and his distance from God by reason there­of, being so great, as that we can have no access into his presence without a Mediator Ioh. 14.6. Isa. 49.2., and there being none in Heaven or Earth appointed to, or fit for that glorious work, but Christ alone Ioh. 6.27., we are to pray in no other name but his only Col. 3.17. Heb. 13.15.

Q. 182. How doth the Spirit help us to pray?

A. We not knowing what to pray for as we ought, the Spirit helpeth our infirmities, by enabling us to under­stand both for whom, and what, and how prayer is to be made, and by working and quickning in our hearts (although not in all persons, nor at all times in the same measure) those apprehensions, affections, & graces which are requisit for the right per­formance of that duty Rom. 8.26.27..

Q. 183. For whom are we to pray?

A. We are to pray for the whole [Page 159] Church of Christ, upon Earth Eph. 6.18., for Magistrates 2 Tim. 3.12., and Ministers Col 4.3., for our selves Gen. 31.11., our breathren Iam. 16., yea our enemies Mat. 3.41, and for all sorts of men living 1 Tim. 2.1, 2., or that shall live hereafter Ioh. 17.20., but not for the dead Sam. 12., nor for those that are known to have sin­ned the sin unto death 1 Ioh. 5.16..

Q. For what things are we to pray?

A. We are to pray for all things tending to the glory of God Mat. 6.9., the welfare of the Church Ps▪ 51.18., our own Mat. 7.11, or others good Ps. 125.14, but not for any thing that is unlawful 1 Ioh. 5.1..

Q. 185. How are we to pray?

A. We are to pray with an awful apprehension of the Majesty of God Eccl. 3.1., and deep sense of our own un­worthiness Gen. 1 8.17, necessities Luke 15.17, 18, 19., and sins Luke 18.13, 14., with patience Ps. 51.17., thankful Phil. 4.6., and enlarged hearts 1 Sam. 1.15., with understand­ing, faith, sincerity, fervency, love and perseverance, waiting upon him with humble submission to his will.

Q. 186. What rule hath God given for our direction in the duty of prayer?

A. The whole word of God is of use to direct ur in the duty of pray­er: but the special rule of directi­on is that form of prayer, which our [Page 160] Saviour Christ taught his Disciples▪ commonly called the Lords Prayer Mat. 6.5. to 13. Luk. 1.1, 2, 3, 4.·

Q. 187. How is the Lords Pray­er to be used?

A. The Lords Prayer is not only for direction as a patern according to which we are to make other prayers, but may also be used as a prayer, so that it be done with un­derstanding, faith, reverence, and o­ther graces necessary to the right performance of the duty of prayer Mat. 6.9. Luke 11.2..

Q. 188. Of how many parts doth the Lords prayer consist?

A. The Lords Prayer consists of three parts, a Preface, Petitions, and a conclusion.

Q. 189. What doth the Preface of the Lords Prayer teach us?

A. The Preface of the Lords Prayer, [contained in these words, Our Fa­ther which art in Heaven Mat 6.9.] teacheth us, when we pray, to draw near to God with confidence of his Fatherly goodness, and our interest there­in Luk. 11.13., with reverence and all other child-like dispositions Isa. 46.9., Heavenly affections Ps. 11.1., and due apprehensions of his soveraign power, majesty, and gracious condescension Isa. 63.15.16., as also to pray with and for others Act. 11.5..

[Page 161]Q. 190. What do we pray for in the first Petition?

A. In the first Petition [which is Hallowed be thy Name Mat. 6.9.] acknowledg­ing the utter inability & indispositi­on, that is in our selves and all men to honour God aright 2 Cor. 3.5.; we pray that God would by his grace inable and incline us and others to know, to acknowledg and highly to esteem him Ps. 67.2., his titles Ps. 83.18, attributes Ps. 86.10., ordi­nances, word 2 Thes. 3.2., works and whatso­ever he is pleased to make himself known by Ps. 145. throughout, and to glorify him in thought, word Ps. 103.1, and deed Ph. 19.11, that he would prevent and remove Atheism Ps. 67 1., ignorance Eph. 1.17., idolatry Ps. 98.7., prophan­ness Ps. 74.18., and whatsoever is dishonou­rable to him 2 Kin. 19.15.16., and by his overrul­ing providence direct and dispose of all things to his own glory 1 Chron. 20.6, 10..

Q. 191. What do we pray for in the second Petition?

A. In the second Petition [which is, thy kingdom come Mat. 6.10..] acknowledg­ing our selves and all mankind to be by nature under the dominion of sin and Satan Eph. 2.2.; we pray that the King­dom of sin and Sathan may be de­stroyed Ps. 58.1., the Gospel propagated throughout the world 2 Thes. 3.1., the Jews [Page 162] called Rom. 10.1, the fulness of the Gentiles brought in Ioh. 17.9.20., the Church furnished with all Gospel officers and ordinan­ces Mat. 9.18, purged from corruption Mal. 3.1.11., coun­tenanced & maintained by the civil Magistrate 1 Tim. [...].1, 2., that the ordinances of Christ may be purely dispensed and made effectual to the converting of those that are yet in their sins, & the confirming, comforting and building up of those that are already conver­ted Acts. 4.29 30.: that Christ would rule in our hearts here, & hasten the time of his second coming, Eph. 3.14. to 21. & our reigning with him for ever Rev. 22.10., and that he would be pleased so to exercise the King­dom of his power in all the world, as may best conduce to these ends Isa. 64.1, 2..

Q. 192. What do we pray for in the third Petition?

A. In the third Petition [which is, Thy will be done on Earth as it is in Heaven Mat. 6.10,] acknowledging that by na­ture we & all men are not only ut­terly unable & unwilling to know & to do the will of God Rom. 7.18, but prone to rebel against his word Rom 8.7., to repine & murmure against his providence Exod. 17.7, & wholly inclined to do the will of the flesh, & of the devil Eph. 2.2., we pray that God would by his Spirit take away [Page 163] from ourselves and others, all blind­ness▪ weakness, indisposedness Mat. 26.40, 41., and perversness of heart Ier. 21.18, 19., & by his graces make us able and willing to know, do and submit to his will in all things Ps. 110.1, 8, 25, 6., with the like humility Mic. 6.8., chear­fulness Ps. 100.2., faithfulness Isa. 38.3., diligence [...]s. 119.4, 5., zeal Rom. 12.11., sincerity Ps. 119.80., and constancy Ps. 119.112., as the Angels do in Heaven Isa. 6.2..

Q. 193. What do we pray for in the fourth Petition?

A. In the fourth Petition, [which is, Give us this day our daily bread Mat. 6.11.,] acknowledging that in Adam and by our sin, we have forfeited our right to all the outward blessings of this life, & deserve to be wholly depri­ved of them by God, and to have them cursed to us in the use of them Gen. 2.17., and that neither they of themselves are able to sustain us Deut. 8.5., nor we to merit Gen. 32.10., or by our own industry to procure them Deut. 8.17, 18., but prone to de­sire Ier. 6.13., get Hos. 2.7., and use them unlawful­ly Iam. 4.3., we pray for our selves and o­thers, that both they & we waiting upon the providence of God, from day to day in the use of lawful means, may of his free gift, and as to his fatherly wisdom shall seem best, enjoy a competent portion of [Page 164] them Gen. 4.12, 13, 14., and have the same continued and blessed unto us in our holy and comfortable use of them 1 Tim. 4.3, 4, 5., and con­tentment in them 1 Tim. 6.6, 7, 8., & be kept from all things that are contrary to our temporal support and comfort Prov. 30.8, 9..

Q. 194. What do we pray for in the fifth Petition?

A. In the fifth Petition [which is Forgive us our debts as we forgive our debtors Mat. 6.12,] acknowledging that we & all others are guilty both of original and actual sin, & thereby become debters to the justice of God, and that neither we, nor any other crea­ture can make the least sa [...]isfaction for that debt Rom. 3.9. to 22.; we pray for our selves & others, that God of his free grace would, through the obedience & sa­tisfaction of Christ apprehended & applyed by faith, acquit us both from the guilt and punishment of sin Rom. 3.24, 25, 26., ac­cept us in his beloved Eph. 1.5.7, continue his favour and grace to us 2 Pet. 1.2., pardon our daily failings Hos. 14.2, & fill us with peace and joy, in giving us daily more and more assurance of forgiveness Rom. 15.13., which we are the rather emboldned to ask and encouraged to expect when we have this Testimony in our selves, that we from the heart forgive o­thers their offences Luk. 11.4..

[Page 165]Q. 195. What do we pray for in the sixth Petition?

A▪ In the sixth Petition [which is, And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil Mat. 6.13] acknowledging that the most wise righteous and gra­cious God for divers holy and just ends may so order things, that we may be assaulted, and for a time led captive by temptations 2 Chr. 32.31., that Satan 1 Chr 21.1., the world Luk. 21.34, and the flesh are ready powerfully to draw us aside and in­snare us Iam. 1.14.; & that we, even after the pardon of our sins, by reason of our corruption Gal. 5.17., weakness, and want of watchfulness Mat. 26.41., are not only subject to be tempted, & forward to expose our selves unto temptations Mat. 26.63, 70, 71, 72., but al­so of our selve [...] unable & unwilling to resist them, to recover out of them and to improve them Rom. 7.23, 24., and worthy to be left under the power of them Ps. 81.11.12. we pray that God would so over-rule the world and al [...] in it Ioh. 17.15, subdue the flesh Ps. 51.10., and restrain Satan 2 Cor. 12▪7, 8., order all thing [...] 1 Cor. 10.12, 13., bestow and bless all means of grace Heb. 13.20, 21., and quicken us to watchfulness in the use of them, that we and all his people may b [...] hi [...] pr [...]vi­dence be kept from being [...] to sin Mat. 26.11., or if tempted, that by [...] spi­rit [Page 166] we may be powerfully supported and enabled to stand in that hour of temptation Eph. 3.14, 15, 16, 17., or when fallen, raised and again recovered out of it Ps. 51.12, & have a sanctified use and improve­ment thereof 1 Pet. 5.8, 9, 10., that our sanctificati­on & salvation may be perfected 2 Cor. 13.7, 9., Satan trodden under our feet Rom. 16.20., and we fully freed from sin, temtati­on, and all evil for ever Ioh. 17.1..

Q. 196. What doth the conclusion of the Lords prayer teach us?

A. The conclusion of the Lords prayer, [which is, For thine is the Kingdom, the power and the glory, for ever, Amen Mat. 6.13,] teacheth us to enforce our Petitions with arguments Rom. 15.30., which are to be taken not from any worthiness in our selves, or in any other creature, but from God Dan. 9.4.7, 8, 9, 16, 17, 18, 19., and with our prayers to joyn praises Phil. 4.6., ascribing to God alone eternal So­veraignty, omnipotency, and glori­ous excellency 1 Chr. 29.10. to 13., in regard whereof, as he is able and willing to help us Eph. 3.20.21., so we by faith are imboldned to plead with him that he would 2 Chr. 20.6.11., and quietly to rely upon him that he will fulfil our requests 2 Chr. 14.11., 1 Cor. 14.16. and to testifie this our desire and assu­rance, we say, Amen.

The Shorter CATECHISM, First agreed upon by the Assembly of DiVines at Westminster. And now appointed by the General assembly of the Kirk of Scotland, to be a part of Unifor­mity in Religion, between the Kirks of Christ, in the three King­doms.

Quest. 1.

WHat is the chief end of Man?

A. Mans chief end is to glorifie God 1 Cor. 10.2. Rom. 11.26, and to enjoy him for ever Ps. 73.15. to the end..

Q. 2. What rule hath God given to direct us how we may glorifie and enjoy him?

A. The Word of God (which is contained in the Scriptures of the Old and New Testament 2 Tim. 3.16.) is the only rule to direct us, how we may glorifie and enjoy him 1 Ioh. 1.3, 4..

[Page 168]Q. 3. What do the Scriptures principally teach?

A. The Scriptures principally teach what man is to believe con­cerning God; and what duty God requires of man 2 Tim. 1.13. & 3.16..

Q. 4 What is God?

A. God is a spirit Ioh 4.24., infinite Ioh. 11.7, 8, 9., eter­nal Ps. 90.2., and unchangeable Jam. 1.17., in his be­ing Ex. 3.14., wisdom Ps. 147.5., power Rev. 4.8., holiness Rev. 15.5., justice, goodness and Truth Ex 54.6, 7.

Q. 5. Are there more Gods than one?

A. There is but one only, the living and true God Deut. 6.4..

Q. 6. How many persons are there in the Godhead?

A. There are three persons in the God-head, the Father, the Son, and the holy Ghost; and these three are one God, the same in substance, equal in power and glory 1 Ioh. 5.7..

Q. 7. What are the decrees of God?

A. The decrees of God are his eter­nal purpose according to the coun­sel of his will, whereby for his own glory, he hath fore-ordained what­soever comes to pass Eph. 1.4.11..

Q. 8. How doth God execute his Decrees?

A. God executeth his Decrees in [Page 169] the works of Creation & Providence.

Q. 9. What is the work of Creation?

A The work of Creation is Gods making all things of nothing, by the word of his power, in the space of six days, and all very good Gen. 1. [...]ap. Heb. 11.5..

Q. 10. How did G [...]d create man?

A. God created man, male & fe­male after his own image, in know­ledge, righteousness, and holiness, with dominion over the creatures Gen. 1.26.27, 28. Eph. 4.24..

Q. 11. What are Gods works of Providence?

A. Gods works of providence are, his most holy Ps. 1 [...]5.17., wise Ps 104.24. Isa. 28.29., and power­ful preserving Heb. 1.3., and governing all his creatures and all their actions Ps. 103.9. Mat. 10.29, 30, 31..

Q. 12. What special act of providence did God exercise towards man in the estate wherein he was created?

A. When God had created Man, he entred into a Covenant of life with him, upon condition of perfect obedience: forbidding him to eat of the Tree of knowledge of good and evil, upon pain of death Gal. 3.12. G [...]n. 2.17..

Q. 13. Did our first Parents continue in the estate wherein they were created?

A Our first Parents, being left to the freedom of their own will, fell from the estate wherein they were [Page 170] created, by sinning against God Gen. 3.6, 7, 8, 13. Eccl. 7.29..

Q. 14. What is sin?

A. Sin is any want of conformi­ty unto, or transgression of the Law of God 1 Io [...]. 4.4.

Q. 15. What was the sin whereby our first Parents fell from the estate wherein they were created?

A. The sin whereby our first Pa­rents [...]ell from the estate wherein they were created, was their eating the forbidden fruit Gen. 3 6.12..

Q. 16. Did all mankind fall in Adams first transgression?

A. The Covenant being made with Adam, not only for himself, but for his posterity, all mankind de­scending from him by ordinary ge­neration, sinned in him, & fell with him in his first transgression Gen. 2.16 17. Rom. 5.12. 1. Cor. 15.21, 22..

Q. 17. Into what estate did th [...] fall bring mankind?

A. The fall brought mankind in­to an estate of sin and misery Rom. 5.12..

Q. 18. Wherein consists the sinfu [...]ness of that estate whereinto man fell▪

A. The sinfulness of that estat [...] whereinto man fell, consists in th [...] guilt of Adams first sin, the want [...] Original righteousness, and the cor [...]ruption of his whole nature, which [...] [Page 171] commonly called Original sin, to­g [...]ther with all actual transgressions which proceed from it Rom. 5.18.19. Eph. 2.1, 2, 3..

Q. 19. What is the misery of that estate whereinto man fell?

A. All mankind by their fall lost communion with God Gen. 3.8.10, 24., are under his wrath & curse Eph. 2.2, 3, & so made liable to all miseries in this life, to death it self, & to the pains of Hell for ever La 3.39. Mat. 25 41.46..

Q. 29. Did God leave all mankind to perish in the estate of sin and misery?

A. God having out of his meer good pleasure from all eternity, ele­cted some to everlasting life Eph. 2.4., did enter into a Covenant of grace, to de­liver them out of the estate of sin & misery, and to bring them into an estate of Salvation by a Redeemer Rom. 3.10 21, 22..

Q. 21. Who is the Redeemer of Gods elect?

A. The only Redeemer of Gods elect, is the Lord Jesus Christ 1 Tim. 2.3, 6., who being the eternal Son of God, be­came man Ioh. 1.14. Gal. 1.4., and so was, and conti­nueth to be God & man, in two di­stinct natures, & one person for ever. Rom. 9.5. Heb. 7.24.25.

Q. 22. How did Christ being the Son of God become man?

A. Christ the Son of God became man by taking to himself a true bo­dy [Page 172] Heb. 2.14.16. & 10.5, and a reasonable soul Mat. 26.38., being conceived by the power of the holy Ghost in the womb of the Virgin Ma­ry, & born of her Luk 1 27 31, 35., yet without sin Heb 4.15. & 7.16..

Q. 23. What Offices doth Christ ex­ecute as our Redeemer?

A. Christ as our redeemer execu­teth the Offices of a Prophet, of a Priest, and of a King, both in his e­state of humiliation, & exaltation Act. 3.21 2 [...]. Heb. 12.25..

Q. 24. How doth Christ execute the Office of a Prophet?

A. Christ executeth the Office of a Prophet, in revealing to us by his Word, and Spirit, the will of God for our salvation Ioh. 1.18. Ioh. 15.15. & 20.31..

Q. 25. How doth Christ execute the Office of a Priest?

A. Christ executeth the Office of a Priest, in his once offering up of himself a sacrifice to satisfie divine justice Heb. 9.14, 18., and reconcile us to God Heb. 2 17, and in making continual intercessi­on for us Heb. 7.24, 25..

Q. 26. How doth Christ ex [...]pute the Office of a King?

A. Christ executeth the Office of a King, in subduing us to himself Acts 15.14, 15, 16., in r [...]ling Isa. 33.22, and defending us Isa. 32 2. [...]., and in restraining and conquering all his and our enemies 1 Cor. 15. [...]5..

[Page 173] Q. 27. Wherein did Christs H [...] ­miliation consist?

A. Christs humiliation consisted in his being born, and that in a low condition Luk. 2.7., made under the Law Gal. 4.4., undergoing the miseries of this life Heb. 12.2, 3., the wrath of God Luke 22.44., and the cursed death of the Cross Phil. 28., in being buri­ed 1 Cor. 15.3., and continuing under the power of death for a time Acts 1.24, 25, 26..

Q. 28. Wherein consisteth Christs Exaltation?

A. Christs exaltation consisteth in his rising again from the dead on the third day 1 Cor. 13.4., in ascending up into Hea­ven Mar. 16.19., in sitting at the right hand of God the Father Eph. 1.20., and coming to judge the world at the last day Act. 2.11. & 17.31..

Q. 29. How are we made partakers of the Redemption purchased by Christ?

A. We are made partakers of the Redemption purchased by Christ, by the effectual application of it to us Ioh. 1.12, 13., by his holy Spirit Tit. 3.5, 6.

Q. 30. How doth the Spirit apply to us the Redemption purchased by Christ?

A The Spirit applyeth to us, the Redemption purchased by Christ by working faith in us Ep. 1.13, 14., and there­by uniting us to Christ in our Ef­fectual Calling Eph. 3.17. 1 Cor. 8.5..

[Page 174] Q. 31. What is effectual calling?

A. Effectual calling is the work of Gods Spirit 2 Tim. 1.9 2 Thes 2.13.14., whereby [...]nvincing us of our sin & misery Act. 1.37, inlighten­ing our minds in the knowledge of Christ Act. 26.18., and renewing our wills Ezek. 36.26, 27., he doth perswade and inable us to imbrace Jesus Christ freely offered to us in the Gospel Ioh. 6.44, 45..

Q. 32. What benefits do they that are effectually called partake of in this life?

A. They that are effectually called, do in this life partake of Justification Rom. 8.30., Adoption Eph. 1.5., Sanctification, & the se­veral benefits which in this life do ei­ther accompany or flow from them 1 Cor. 1.16.20..

Q. 33. What is Iustification?

A. Justification is an act of Gods fr [...]e grace, wherein he pardoneth all our sins Rom. 3▪ 24▪25., and accepteth us as righ­teous in his sight 2 Cor. 5.12, 21., only for the righteousness of Christ imputed to us Rom 5.17 18, 19., and received by faith alone Gal. 2.16. Phil. 3.9..

Q. 34. What is Adoption?

A. Adoption is an act of Gods free grace 1 Ioh. 3.1., whereby we are received in­to the number, & have a right to a [...]l the priviledges of the Sons of God Ioh. 1.12. Rom. 8.7..

Q. 35. What is Sanctification?

A. Sanctification is the work of [Page 175] God [...] free grace 2 Thes. 2.13., whereby we are renewed in the whole man after the Image of God Eph. 4 23.24.: and are inabled more and more to die unto sin, and live unto righteousness Ro. 6.4.5. Rom. 8.1..

Q. 36. What are the benefits which in this life do accompany or flow from Iu­stification, adoption & sanctification?

A. The benefits which in this life do accompany or flow from Justi­fication, Adoption, and Sanctificati­on, are▪ assurance of Gods love, peace of conscience Rom. 5.5, 25., joy in the Holy Ghost Ro 14.17., increase of grace Pro 4.18., and per­severance therein to the end 1 Ioh 5.13.

Q. 37. What benefits do Believers receive from Christ at death?

A. The Souls of Believers are at their death made perfect in holiness Heb. 12.23. Phil. 2.23., & do immediately pass into glory r, and their bodies being still united to Christ 1 Thes. 4., do rest in their graves Isa 57.11., till the Resurrection Ioh. 29.26, 27..

Q. 38 VVhat benefits do Believers re­ceive from Christ at the resurrection?

A. At the resurrection, believers being raised up in glory 1 Cor. 15.43., shall be openly acknowledged & acquitted in the day of judgment Mat. 25.2, and made perfectly blessed in full enjoying of God 1 Ioh. 32., to all eternity 1 Thes. 4.17, 18..

[Page 176] Q. 39. What is the duty which God requireth of man?

A. The duty which God requi­reth of man, is obedience to his re­vealed will Mic 6.8..

Q. 40. What did God at first reveal to man for the rule of his obedience?

A. The rule which God at first revealed to man for his obedience, was the Moral Law Rom. 2.14, 15. & 10.5..

Q. 41. Where is the Moral Law summarily comprehended?

A. The Moral Law is summarily comprehended in the Ten Com­mandments Deut. 10.4..

Q. 42. What is the Sum of the Ten Commandments?

A. The sum of the Ten Com­mandments is, to love the Lord our God, with all our heart, with all our soul, wi [...]h all our strength, and with all our mind: and our neigh­bour as our selves Mat 22.37. to 41..

Q. 43. What is the Preface to the Ten Commandments?

A. The Preface to the Ten Com­mandments is in these words, [ I am the Lord thy God, Which have brought thee out of the Land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage Exod. 49.4..]

Q. 44. What doth the preface to the Ten Commandments teach us?

[Page 177] A. The Preface to the Ten Com­mandments teacheth us, that because God is the Lord, and our God, and Redeemer, therefore we a [...]e bound to keep all his Commandments Luke. 1.74.7..

Q. 45. Which is the first Com­mandment?

A. The first Commandment is, [ Thou shalt have no other Gods before me Ex. 18.3▪.]

Q. 46. What is required in the first Commandment?

A. The first Commandment re­quireth us to know and acknow­ledge God to be the only true God and our God 1 Chr. 18.9., and to worship and glorifie him accordingly Mat. 4.10.

Q. 47. What is forbidden in the first Commandment?

A. The first Commandment for­biddeth the denying Ps. 11.1., or not wor­shipping & glorifying the true God, as God Rom. 1.21., and our God Ps. 81.10.11., and the giving that worship & glory to any other, which is due to him alone Rom. 1 23.26..

Q. 48. What are we especially taught by these words [Before me] in the first Commandment?

A. These words [ before me] in the first Commandment, teach us, that God who seeth all things taketh [...] of, and [...] much displeased with [Page 178] the sin of having any other God [...] 8.5. [...]o the end. Ps. 44 20, [...]..

Q 49. Which is the second Com­mandment?

A. The second Commandment is, [ Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven Image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the Earth beneath, or that is in the water under the Earth; thou shalt not bow down thy self to them nor serve them: for I the Lord thy God am a jea­lous God: visiting the iniquity of the Fathers upon the children, unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me; and shewing mercy unto thousands, of them that love me, and keep my Commandments Exod. 20.4, 5, 6..]

Q. 50. What is required in the se­cond Commandment?

A. The second Commandment requireth the receiving, observing, and keeping pure and intire all such religious worship and ordinances, as God hath appointed in his Word Deut. 32.46. Mat. 28.20 Act. 2.42..

Q. 51. What is forbidden in the second Commandment?

A. The second Commandment forbiddeth the worshiping of God by Images Deut. 4.15 to 19., or any other way not appointed in his word Deut. 12.31, 32..

Q. 52. What are the reasons annexed to the second Commandment?

[Page 179] A. The reasons annexed to the second Commandment, are, Gods Soveraign [...]y over us Ps. 95.2.5, 6., his prop [...]iety in us Ps. 45.11., and the zeal he hath to his own worship Exod. 34▪ 13, 14..

Q 53. VVhich is the third Com­mandment?

A. The third Commandment is, [ Thou shalt not take the Name of the Lord thy God in vain, for the Lord will not hold him guiltless that ta­keth his name in vain Exod. 20 7..]

Q. 54. VVhat is required in the third Commandment?

A. The third Commandment re­quireth the holy and reverent use of Gods Names Mat. 6.9., Titles Ps. 38.4., Attributes Rev. 15.3, 4., Ordinances Mal. 1.11.14., Words Ps. 1▪38.1, 2., and Works Ioh 26.24..

Q. 55. VVhat is forbidden in the third Commandment?

A. The third Commandment forbiddeth all prof [...]ning or abusing of any thing whereby God maketh himself known Mal. 16, 7, 22. & 1.2. & 5.14▪.

Q. 55. VVhat is the reason annex­ed to the third Commandment?

A. The reason annexed to the third Commandment is, that however the breakers of this Commandment may escape punishment from men [...] yet the Lord our God will not suffer them [Page 180] to escape his righteous judgment 1 Sam. 2. [...]. to 24. 1 Sam 3.13..

Q. 57. Which is the fourth Com­mandment?

A. The fourth Commandment is, [ Remember the Sabbath day to keep it holy: Six days shalt thou labour and do all thy work, but the seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord thy God; in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy man ser­vant, nor thy maid servant, nor thy cat­tel, nor the stranger that is within thy gates: For in six days the Lord made Heaven and Eartb, the Sea and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day; wherefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day, and hallowed it Exod. 20.8 to 11..]

Q. 58. What is required in the fourth Commandment?

A. The fourth Commandment re­quireth the keeping holy to God such set time as he hath appointed in his word, expresly one whole day in se­ven to be a H. Sabbath to himself Deut. 5.12, 13, 14..

Q. 59. Which day of the seven hath God appointed to be the weekly Sabbath?

A. From the beginning of the world to the Resurrection of Christ, God appointed the seventh day of the week to be the weekly Sabbath: & the first day of the week ever since [Page 181] to continue to the end of the world, which is the Christian Sabbath Gen. 7.2.3 Acts. 20.1..

Q. 60. How is the Sabbath to be sanctified?

A. The Sabbath is to be sanctified by an holy resting all that day Exod. 22 8, 10., e­ven from such worldly imployments and recreations as are lawful on o­ther days Neh. 13.15. to 22., and spending the whole time in the publick and private ex­ercises of Gods worship Luke. 4.16., except so much as is to be taken up in the works of necessity and mercy Mat. 13.1. to 13..

Q. 61. What is forbidden in the fourth Commandment?

A. The fourth Commandment for­biddeth the omission or careless per­formance of the duties required Ezek. 22.26., & the prophaning the day by idleness Act. 20.7, 9. or doing that which is in it self sin­ful Ezek. 2.38., or by unnecessary thoughts words, or works, about worldly im­ployments or recreations Ier. 17.24..

Q. 62. What are the reasons annexed to the fourth Commandment?

A. The reasons annexed to the fourth Commandment are, Gods al­lowing us six days of the week for our own imployments Exod. 20.9., his challenging a special propriety in the seventh, his own example, and his [Page 182] blessing the Sabbath day Exod. 29.11..

Q. 63. VVhich is the fifth Com­mandment?

A. The fifth Commandment is, [ Honour thy father & thy mother that thy day may be long upon the Land which the Lord thy God giveth thee Exod. 20.12..]

Q. 64. VVhat is required in the fifth Commandment?

A. The fifth Commandment re­quireth the preserving the honour, and performing the duties, belong­ing to every one in their several pla­ces and relations, as Superiours Eph. 5.21, Inferiours 1 Pet. 2.17., or Equals Rom. 10.12..

Q. 65. What is forbidden in the fifth Commandment?

A. The fifth Commandment for­biddeth the neglect of, or doing any thing against the honour & du­ty which belongeth to every one in their several places and relations Mat. 15.4, 5, 6. Ezek. 34.2, 3, 4..

Q. 66. What is the reason annexed to the fifth Commandment?

A. The reason annexed to the fifth Commandment is, a promise of long life and prosperity (as far as it shall serve for Gods glory, and their own good) to all such as keep this Commandment Deut. 5.16..

Q. 67. Which is the sixth Com­mandment?

[Page 183] A. The sixth Commandment is [ Thou shalt not kill Exod. 20.15..]

Q. 68. What is required in the sixth Commandment?

A. The sixth Commandment re­quireth all lawful endeavours to pre­serve our own life Ep. 5.28.29., and the life of others 1 Kin. 18.4..

Q. 69. What is forbidden in the sixth Commandment?

A. The sixth Commandment for­biddeth the taking away of our own life, or the life of our neighbour un­justly: or whatsoever tendeth there­unto Act. 16.28. Gen. 9.6..

Q. 70. Which is the seventh Com­mandment?

A. The seventh Commandment is, [ Thou shalt not Commit Adultery Exod. 20.14..]

Q. 71. What is required in the seventh Commandment?

A. The seventh Commandment requireth the preservation of our own and our neighbours chastity in heart, speech and behaviour 1 Cor. 7.2.3, 5, 35, 36. Col. 4.6. 1 Pet. 3.1..

Q. 72. What is forbidden in the seventh Commandment?

A. The seventh Commandment forbiddeth all unchast thoughts, words, and actions Math. 15.19..

Q. 73. Which is the eighth Com­mandment?

[Page 184] A. The eighth Commandment is, [ Thou shalt not steal Ex. 20.15.]

Q. 74. What is required in the eighth Commandment?

A. The eighth Commandment re­quireth the lawful procuring, and furthering the wealth and outward estate of our selves and others Gen. 20.30. 1 Tim. 5.8..

Q. 75. What is forbidden in the eighth Commandment?

A. The eighth Commandment for­biddeth whatsoever doth, or may un­justly hinder our own, or our neigh­bours wealth, or outward estate Prov. 23.20, 21▪ & 28.19..

Q. 76. Which is the ninth Com­mandment?

A. The ninth Commandment is, [ thou shalt not bear false witness a­gainst thy neighbour Ex. 20.16..]

Q: 77. What is required in the ninth Commandment?

A. The ninth Commandment re­quireth the maintaining and promo­ting of truth between man and man Zach. 8.16., and of our own and our neigh­bours good name Ioh. 3.11., especially in witness bearing Prov. 14.3, 25..

Q. 78. What is forbidden in the ninth Commandment:

A. The ninth Commandment forbiddeth whatsoever is prejudicial [Page 185] to truth, or injurious to our own, or our neighbours good name 1 Sam. 17 28. Ps. 15.3..

Q 79. Which is the tenth Com­mandment?

A. The tenth Commandment is, [ Thou shalt not covet thy neighbours house, thou shalt not covet thy neigh­bours wife, nor his man servant, nor his maid servant, nor his Ox, nor his Ass, nor any thing that is thy neighbours Exod. 10.17..]

Q. 80. What is required in the tenth Commandment?

A. The tenth Commandment re­quireth full contentment with our own condition Heb. 13.5, with a right and charitable frame of spirit toward our neighbour and all that is his Ioh. 13.29 Rom. 11.15.

Q. 81. What is forbidden in the tenth Commandment.

A. The Tenth Commandment for­biddeth all discontentment with our own estate 1 King. 21.4., envying or grieving at the good of our neighbour Gal. 5.26., & all inordinate motions and affections, to any thing that is his Rom. 7.7, 8. & 13 9..

Q. 82. Is any man able perfectly to keep the Commandments of God?

A. No meer man since the fall, is able in this life, perfectly to keep the Commandments of God y, but doth daily break them in thought, word, and deed Gen. 5.6. & 6.21..

[Page 186]Q. 83. Are all transgressions of the Law equally hainous?

A. Some sins in themselves, and by reason of several aggravation [...], are more hainous in the sight of God than others Ezek 8.6 13, 15. 1 Ioh. 5.16..

Q. 84. What doth every sin deserve?

A. Every sin deserveth Gods wrath, and curse, both in this life, and that which is to come Eph. 5 6. Gal. 3.10. Mat. 25.41.

Q. 85. What doth God require of us, that we may escape his wrath and curse, due to us for sin?

A. To escape the wrath and curse of God due to us for sin▪ God requi­reth of us faith in Jesus Christ, re­pentance unto life Act. 20.21., with the dili­gent use of all the outward means, whereby Christ Communicateth to us the benefits of Redemption Prov. 2.1. to 6. Isa 55.3..

Q. 86. What is faith in Iesus Christ?

A. Faith in Jesus Christ is a sa­ving grace Heb. 10.39., whereby we receive and rest upon him alone for Salvation▪ as he is offered to us in the Gospel Ioh 1.12. Phil. 3.9..

Q. 87. What is repentance unto life?

A. Repentance unto life is a sa­ving grace Act. 11.18., whereby a sinner out of a true sense of his sin Act. 2.37., and appre­hension of the mercy of God in [Page 187] Christ Ioel. 2.12, doth with grief and hatred of his sin, turn from it unto God Ier. 11.18, 19.: with full purpose of, and endeavour after, new obedience 2 Cor. 7.11..

Q. 88. What are the outward means, whereby Christ communicateth to us the benefits of Redemption?

A. The outward and ordinary means whereby Christ communica­teth to us the benefits of Redemp­tion, are his Ordinances, especially the Word, Sacrament, and Prayer; all which are made effectual to the Elect, for salvation Mat. 28.19, 20. Act. 2.42, 46, 47..

Q. 89. How is the word made ef­fectual to Salvation?

A. The Spirit of God maketh the Reading, but especially the Preach­ing of the Word, an effectual means of convincing and converting sin­ners, and of building them up in holiness, and comfort through faith unto salvation Neh. 8.8. 1 Cor 14.24, 25..

Q. 90. How is the word to be read and heard, that it may become effect­ [...]al to Salvation?

A. That the word may become ef­fectua [...] to salvation, we must attend thereunto with diligence Pro. 8.34., prepara­tion 1. Pet. 2.1, 2., and prayer Ps. 119.18., receive it with [...]aith and love Heb. 4.1., lay it up in our [Page 188] hearts Ps. 119.11., & practice it in our lives Luk. 8.15. ▪

Q. 91. How do the Sacraments be­come effectual means of Salvation?

A. The Sacraments become effectu­al means of salvation, not from any vertue in them, or in him that doth administer them, but onely by the blessing of Christ 1 Pet. 3.11 Mat. 3.11., and the work­ing of his Spirit in them that by faith receive them 1 Cor. 12.13.

Q. 92. What is a Sacrament?

A. A Sacrament is an holy Ordi­nance instituted by Christ, wherein, by sensible signs, Christ and the benefits of the New Covenant are represented, sealed, and applyed to believers Gen. 17.7, 10. 1 Cor. 11.23, 26..

Q. 93. Which are the Sacraments of the New Testament?

A. The Sacraments of the New Testament are, Baptism Mat. 28.19., and the Lords Supper Mat. 26.26, 27, 28..

Q. 94. What is Baptism?

A. Baptism is a Sacrament, where­in the washing with water, in the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and [...]f the Holy Ghost Mat. 28.19., doth sig­nifie and seal our ingrafting into Christ, and partaking of the bene­fits of the Covenant of Grace, and our engagement to be the Lords Rom. 6.4. Gal. 3.27..

[Page 189]Q. 95. To whom is Baptism to be administred?

A. Baptism is not to be admini­stred to any that are out of the visi­ble Church, till they profess their faith in Christ, and obedience to him Act. 8.36 37. & 2.38, but the infants of such as are members of the visible Church are to be baptized Act. 2.38.39. 1 Cor. 7.14..

Q. 96. What is the Lords Supper?

A. The Lords Supper is a Sacra­ment, wherein by giving and recei­ving Bread and Wine according to Christs appointment, his death is shewed forth: and the worthy re­ceivers are not after a corporal and carnal manner, but by [...]faith made partakers of his Body and Blood, with all his benefits to their spiri­tual nourishment, and growth in grace 1 Cor. 11.23▪ to 36. & 10.16..

Q. 97. What is required to the wor­thy receiving of the Lords Supper?

A. It is required of them that would worthily partake of the Lords Sup­per, that they examine themselves, of their knowledge to discern the Lords Body 1 Cor. 11.28, 29., of their faith to feed upon him 2 Cor. 13.5., of their repentance 1 Cor. 11.31., love, and new obedience, lest coming unworthily, they eat and [Page 190] drink judgment to themselves 1 Cor. 11.26, 29..

Q. 28. VVhat is Prayer?

A. Prayer is an offering up of ou [...] desires unto God Ps. 62.8., for things a­greeable to his will 1 Ioh. 5.11., in the Name of Christ Ioh. 15.23., with confession of our sins Ps. 31.5, 9. Dan. 9.4., and thankful acknowledge­ment of his mercies Phil. 4.6..

Q. 99. VVhat rule hath God gi­ven for our direction in Prayer?

A. The whole word of God is of use to direct us in prayer 1 Ioh. 5.14: but the special rule of direction, is that form of Prayer, which Christ taught his Disciples, commonly called, The Lords Prayer Mat. 6.9. to 12..

Q. 110. VVhat doth the Preface of the Lords Prayer teach us?

A. The preface of the Lords Pray­er, which is, [ Our Father which are in Heaven Mat. 6.9.,] teacheth us to draw near to God, with all holy reverence, and confidence, as Children to a Fa­ther, able and ready to help us Rom. 8.18. Luk. 11.13. ▪ and that we should pray with and for others Act. 12.15. 1 Tim. 2.2..

Q. 101. VVhat do we pray for in the first Petition?

A. In the first Petition, which is, [ Hallowed be thy Name Mat. 6.9.] we pray that God would enable us & others [Page 191] to glorifie him in all that whereby he maketh himself known Ps. 67.2, 3., and that he would dis [...]ose all things to his own glory Psal. 83. throughout..

Q. 102. VVhat do we pray for in the second Petition?

A. In the second Petition, which is, [ Thy Kingdom come Mat 6.10.,] we pray that Satans Kingdom may be de­stroyed Ps. 68.1, 18., and that the Kingdom of Grace may be advanced Rev. 12.10, 11., our selves and others brought into it, and kept in it 2 Thes. 3.1., and that the Kingdom of Glory may be hastned Rev. 22.20..

Q. 103. VVhat do we pray for in the third Petition?

A. In the third Petition, which is, [ Thy will be done in Earth as it is in Heaven Mat. 6.12.,] we pray that God by his grace would make us able and wil­ling to know, obey, and submit to his will in all things Ps. 67. throughout., as the An­gels do in Heaven Ps. 103.20, 21..

Q. 104. VVhat do we pray for in the fourth Petition?

A. In the fourth Petition, which is, [ Give us this day our daily bread Mat. 6.11,] we pray, that of Gods free gift we may receive a competent portion of the good things of this life, and enjoy his blessing with them Prov. 30.8, 9..

[Page 192] Q. 105. What do we pray for in the fifth Petition?

A. In the fifth Petition, which is, [ And forgive us our debts as we for­give our debtors Mat. 6.12.,] we pray that God for Christs sake would freely pardon all our sins Ps. 51.1.2, 7, 9. Dan. 9 17, 18, 19.: which we are the [...]a­ther encouraged to ask, because by his grace we are inabled from the heart to forgive others Luke 11.4. Mat. 18.35.

Q. 106. What do we pray for in the sixth Petition?

A. In the sixth Petition, which is, [ And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil Mat. 6.13,] we pray that God would either keep us from be­ing tempted to sin Mat. 26.41., or support and deliver us when we are tempted 2 Cor. 12.8..

Q. 107. What doth the conclusion of the Lords Prayer teach us?

A. The Conclusion of the Lords Prayer, which is, [ For thine is the Kingdom, and the power, and the glory, for ever, Amen Mat. 6.13.,] teacheth us to take our incouragement in prayer from God onely Dan. 9.4, 7, 8, 9, 16, 17, 18, 19., and in our prayers to praise him, ascribing Kingdom, power and glory to him 1 Chr. 29.10 to 13., and in testimony of our desire and assu­rance to be heard, we say, Amen 1 Cor. 14.16..

THE TEN COMMANDMENTS. Exod. 20.

GOD spake all these words, saying, I am the Lord thy God, which have brought thee out [...] the Land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage.

I. Thou shalt have no other Gods before me.

II. Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven I­ [...]age, or any likeness of any thing that is in Hea­ [...]en above, or that is in the Earth beneath, or that [...] in the water under the Earth, thou shalt not [...] down thy self to them nor serve them: for I the [...]ord thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniqui­ [...] of the Fathers upon the Children, unto the third [...]nd fourth generation of them that hate me; and [...]ewing mercy unto thousands of them that love me, [...]nd keep my Commandments.

III. Thou shall not take the Name of the Lord thy God in vain, for the Lord will not [...]old him guilt­ [...]ss▪ that taketh his Name in va [...]n.

IV. Remember the Sabbath-day to keep it holy: [...]ix days shalt thou labour and do all thy work▪ [...] the seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord [...] God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, [...] thy Son, nor thy Daughter, thy man-servant, [...] thy maid-servant, nor thy [...], nor the stran­ger [Page] that is within thy gates: For in six days the Lord made Heaven and Earth, the Se [...], and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day, where­f [...]re the Lord blessed the Sabbath day, and hal­lowed it.

V. Honour thy father and thy mo [...]her, that thy days may be long upon the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee.

VI. Thou shalt not kill.

VII. Thou shalt not commit adultery.

VIII. Thou shalt not steal.

XI. Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour.

X. Thou shalt not covet thy neighbours house, thou shalt not covet thy neighbours Wife, nor his Man Servant, nor his Maid Servant, nor his Ox, nor his Asse, nor any thing that is thy neighbours.

THE LORDS PRAYER. Math. 6.

OVr Father which art in Heaven. Hallowed be thy Name: Thy Kingdom c [...]me: Thy will be done on Earth, as it is in Heaven, Give us this day our daily bread: And forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors; And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil: For thine is the Kingdom, and the power, and the glory for ever; Amen.

THE CREED.

I Believe in God the Father Almighty, maker of Heaven and Earth: and in Iesus Christ his only Son our Lord, which was conceived by the holy Ghost, born of the Virgin Mary, suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, dead and buried: He descended into Hell i. e. Conti­nued in the state of the dead, and under the power of death till the third day.: the third day he rose again from the dead, he ascended into Hea­ven, and siteth on the right [...]and of God the Father Al­mighty, from thence he shall come to judge the quick and the dead: I believe in the Holy Ghost, the Holy Catholick Church, the Communion of Saints, the forgiveness of sins, the Resurrection of the Body, and the life everlasting. Amen.

[Page 116]SO much of every Question both in the Larger and Shorter Cate­chism, is repeated in the Answer, as maketh every Answer an entire Proposition, or Sentence in it self; to the end, the Learner may further improve it upon all occasions, for his increase in knowledge and piety▪ e­ven out of the course of catechising, as well as in it.

And albeit the substance of the doctrine comprised in that abridge­ment, commonly called the Apostles Creed, be fully set forth in each of the Catechisms, so as there is no necessity of inserting the Creed it self, yet it is here annexed, not as though it were composed by the A­postles, or ought to be estee [...]ed Canonical Scripture, as the ten Commandments, and the Lords Prayer (much less a Prayer, as ig­norant people have been apt to make both it and the Decalogue) but because it is a brief sum of the Christian Faith, agreeable to the Word of God, and anciently recei­ [...]ed in the Churches of Christ.

THE SUMME OF SAVING …

THE SUMME OF SAVING KNOWLEDGE, With the Practical use thereof.

John 6.37.

All that the Father giveth me, shall come to me: and him that cometh to me, I will in no wise cast out.

EDINBVRGH, Printed by George Swintoun, and Thomas Brown, and are to be sould by Iames Glen, and David Trench. 1671.

A brief Sum of Christian Doctrine, Contained In Holy Scriptures, and holden forth in the Confession of Faith & Catechism. Agreed upon by the Assembly of Divines at Westminst [...]r, and received by the General Assembly of the Kirk of Scotland.

The sum of Saving knowledge may be taken up in these four hea [...]s. 1. The woeful condition wh [...]r [...] ­in all men are by nature, through breaking of the Covenant of Works. 2. The R [...]medy pr [...]vided for the Elect in Iesus Christ, by the Covenant of Grace. 3. The means appointed [...]o make them part [...]kers of this Covenant. 4. The blessi [...]gs which are effectually conv [...]yed unto the Elect by these means. Which four heads are set down each of them in some f [...]w Propositions.

HEAD 1. Our woful condition by nature, through breaking the Cove­nant of Works. Hos. 13 9. O Israel, thou hast destroyed thy self.

THe Almighty and Eternal God the Fa­ther, the Son, and the Holy Ghost, three di [...]tinct persons, in one and the same undivided God-head, equally in [...]inite in all perfections; did before time most wisely decree for his own glory, whatsoever cometh to pass in time, and [Page] doth most holily, and infallibly execute all hi [...] Decrees▪ without being partaker of the sin [...] any creature.

II. This God in six days made all things [...] nothing very good in their own kind, in special [...] he made all the Angels holy; and he mad [...] our first Parents Adam and Eve, the root [...] mankind▪ both upright and able to keep the Law written in their heart. Which Law the [...] were naturally bound to obey under pain [...] death, but God was not bound to reward thei [...] service, till he entered in a Covenant or Con­tract with them, and their posterity in them▪ to give them eternal life upon condition of per­fect personal obedience, withal threatning death in case they should fail. This is the Co­venant of Works.

III. Both Angels and Men are subject to the change of their own free-will as experience proveth (God having reserved to himself the incommunicable property of being naturally unchangeable) For many Angels of their own accord fell by sin from their first estate and became Devils our first Parents being inticed by Satan, one of these Devils speaking in a serpent▪ did break the Covenant of Works in eating the forbidden Fruit▪ whereby they and their posterity being in their loins, as branches in the root, and comprehended in the same Covenant with them, became not only lyable to eternal death, but also lost all ability to please God; yea did become by nature ene­mies [Page] to God and to all spiritual good, and [...] lined only to evil continually. This is our original sin, the bitter root of all our actual transgressions▪ in thought, word▪ and deed.

HEAD II. The remedy provided in Jesus Christ for the Elect by the Co­venant of Grace; Hos. 13.9. O I­srael, thou hast destroyed thy self, but in me is thine help.

ALbeit man, having brought himself into this woeful condition be neither able to [...]elp himself, nor willing to be helped by God [...]ut of it, but rather inclined to ly still unsen­ [...]le of it, till he perish: yet God for the glory [...]f his rich Grace, hath revealed in his Word [...]way to save sinners, to wit, by faith in Jesus Christ the Eternal Son of God, by vertue of [...]nd according to, the tenor of the Covenant of Redemption, made and agreed upon between God the Father and God the Son, in the coun­sel of the Trinity before the World began.

II. The sum of the Covenant of Redempti­on is this, God having freely chosen unto life, a [...]ertain number of lost mankind, for the glory [...]f his rich Grace did give them before the world began, unto God the Son appointed Re­deemer, that upon condition he would humble [...]imself so far as to assume the humane natur [...] [...]f a soul and body, unto personal union with [...]is Divine Nature, and submit himself [...] [Page] Law as surety for them, and satisfie Justice for them, by giving obedience in their name, even unto the suffering of the cursed death of the Cross, he should ransom and redeem them all from sin and death, and purchase unto them righteousness and eternal life, with all saying graces leading thereunto, to be effectually, by means of his own appointment, applyed in due time to every one of them. This condition the Son of God (who is Jesus Christ our Lord) did accept before the world began, and in the fulness of time came into the World, was born of the Virgin Mary, subjected himself to the Law, and compleatly payed the ransome on the Cross: but by vertue of the foresaid bar­gain made before the World began, he is in all ages since the fall of Adam, still upon the work of applying actually the purchased benefits unto the elect: and that he doth by way of en­tertaining a Covenant of free grace and recon­ciliation with them, through faith in himself, which Covenant he makes over to every be­liever a right and interest to himself, and to all his blessings.

III. For the accomplishment of this Cove­nant of Redemption, and making the Elect par­takers of the benefits thereof in the Covenant of Grace, Christ Jesus was clad with the three­ [...]old Office of Prophet, Priest, and King. Made a Prophet, to reveal all saving knowledge to his people, and to perswade them to believe and [...] the same▪ Made a Priest, to offer up him­self [Page] a sacrifice once for them all, and to inter­ceed continually with the Father for making their persons and services acceptable to him. And made a King, to subdue them to himself, to feed and rule them by his own appointed Ordinances, and to defend them from their enemies.

HEAD 3. The outward means ap­pointed to make the Elect partakers of this Covenant, and all the rest that are called to be inexcusable, Mat. 22.14. Many are called.

THe outward means and ordinances for making men partakers of the Covenant of Grace are so wisely dispenced, as the Elect [...]hall be infallibly converted and saved by them, and the Reprobate among whom they are not, be justly stumbled. The means are specially these four. 1. The Word of God. 2. The Sacraments. 3. Kirk Government. [...]. Prayer. In the Word of God preached by [...]ent Messengers, the Lord makes offer of Grace to all sinners upon condition of faith in Jesus Christ, and whosoever do confess their sin, accept of Christ offered, and submit them­selves to his Ordinances, he will have both them and their children received into the ho­nour and priviledges of the Covenant of Grace. By the Sacraments God will have the [Page] Covenant sealed for confirming the bargain on the foresaid condition. By Kirk Government he will have them [...]edge in, and help fore­ward unto the keeping of the Covenant. And by Prayer, he will have his own gl [...]rious Grace promised in the Covenant, to be daily drawn forth, acknowledged and imployed. All which means are f [...]llowed either really, or in profes­sion only, according to the quality of the Co­ [...]enanters, as they a [...]e true or counter [...]it be­lievers,

II. The Covenant of Grace set down in the Old Testament before Christ came, and in the New since he came, is one and the same in sub­stance, albeit different in outward administra­tion: for the Covenant in the Old Testament, being sealed with the Sacraments of Circumcisi­on and the Paschal Lamb did set forth Christs death to come, and the benefits purchased thereby, under the shadow of bloody sacrifi­ces and sundry ceremonies: but since Christ came, the Covenant, being sealed by the Sacra­ments of Baptism, and the Lords Supper, do clearly hold forth Christ already crucified be­fore our eyes, victorious over death, and the grave, and gloriously ruling Heaven, and Earth for the good of his own people.

HEAD IV. The bless [...]ngs which a [...] effectually conveyed by these mea [...] to the Lords Elect or chosen one Mat. 22.24. Many are called, [...] few are chosen.

BY these outward Ordinances as our Lord makes the Reprobate inexcusable so, in the power of his Spirit, he applies unto the Elect effectually, all saving graces purchased to them, in the Covenant of Redemption, and maketh a change in their persons. In particular, 1. He doth convert or regenerate them, by giving spiritual life to them, in open [...]ng their understandings, renewing their wills, affections and faculties, for giving spiritual obedience to his commands. 2. He gives unto them saving Faith by making them in the sense of deserved condemnation, to give their consent heartily to the▪ Covenant of Grace, and to imbrace Christ Jesus unfained. 3. He gives them Re­pentance, by making them, with Godly sorrow in the hatred of sin, and love of Righteousness: turn from all iniquity to the service of God, and, 4. He Sanctifies them, by making them go on and persevere in faith, and spiritual obedi­ence of the Law of God, manifested by fruit­fulness in all duties, and doing good works, as God offereth occasion.

II. Together with this inward change of their Persons, God changes also their state: for [Page] so soon as they are brought by Faith into the Covenant of Grace, 1. He Iustifies them, by imputing unto them, that perfect obedience which Christ gave to the Law, and the satisfa­ction also which upon the Cross Christ gave un­to Justice in their name. 2. He Reconcials them, and makes them friends to God, who were before enemies to God. 3. He Adoptes them that they should be no more children of Satan, but children of God, inriched with all spiritual priviledges of his Sons: And last of all, after their warfare in this life is ended, he per­fects the holiness and blessedness, first of their souls at their death, and then both of their souls and their bodys, being joyfully joyned toge­ther again, in the Resurrection, at the day of his Glorious coming to Judgment▪ when all the wicked shall be sent away to Hell, with Satan whom they have served; but Christs own chosen and redeemed ones true Believers, Stu­dents of holiness, shall remain with himself for ever, in the state of Glorification.

The practical use of Saving Knowledge, Contained in Scripture, and holden forth briefly in the foresaid Confessi­ons of Faith and Catechisms.

THe chief general use of Christian Doctrine is, to convince a man of sin, and of Righ­teousness, and of Judgment, Iohn 16.8. Part­ly by the Law or Covenant of Works, that he may be humbled and become penitent, and partly by the Gospel or Covenant of Grace, that he may become an unfained believer in Je­sus Christ, and be strengthened in his faith by good fruits▪ and so be saved.

The sum of the Covenant of Works, or of the Law, is this, If thou do all that is commanded, and not fail in any point, thou shalt be saved: But if thou fail, thou shalt die. Rom. 10.5. Gal. 3.10, 12.

The sum of the Gospel or Covenant of grace and Reconciliation is this, If thou flee from de­served wrath, to the true Reedemer Iesus Christ, (who is able to save to the uttermost all that come to God, through him) thou shalt not pe­rish [Page] but have eternal life, Rom. 10.8.9, 11.

For convincing a man of sin, of Righteous­ness, and of Judgment by the Law▪ or Cove­nant of Works let these Scriptures among many more be made use of.

1. For convincing a man of sin by the Law: consider, Ier. 17.9, 10.

THe heart is d [...]ceitful above all things, and desperately wicked, who can know it? I the Lord search the heart, I try the reins, [...]v [...]n to give every man according to his ways, and according to the fruit of his doings:

Here the Lord teacheth these two things.

1. That the fountain of all our miscarriage and actual sinning against God is in the heart, which comprehendeth the mind, will, affections and all the powers of the soul, as they are cor­rupted and defiled with original sin: the mind being not only ignorant and uncapable of sav­ing truth; but also full of error and enmity a­gainst God▪ and the will and affections being obstinately disobedient unto all Gods directi­ons▪ and bent toward that only which is evil▪ The heart, saith he, is deceitful above all things, and desperately wicked; yea, and unsearchably wicked: so that no man can know it, and Gen. 6.5. Every imagination of the thoughts of mans heart is only evil continually (saith the Lord) whose testimony we must trust in this and all o­ther matters: and experience also may teach us, that till God make us deny our selves, we [Page] [...]ever look to God in any thing▪ but fleshly [...]elf interest alone doth rule us and move all the wheels of our actions.

2. That the Lord bringeth our original sin [...]r wicked inclination, withal the actual fruits [...]hereof, unto reckoning before his Judgment [...]eat, for he searcheth the heart and tryeth the [...]eins, to give every man according to his ways, [...]nd according to the fruit of his doings.

Hence let every man reason thus:

What God and my guilty conscience beareth witness of, I am convinced that it is true.

But God and my guilty conscience beareth witness, that my heart is deceitful above all [...]hings▪ and desperately wicked; and that all [...]he imaginations of my heart, by nature, are only evil continually.

Therefore I am convinced that this is true.

Thus a man may be convinced of sin by the Law.

[...] For convincing a man of righteousness by the Law, consider, Gal. 3.10.

AS many as are of the w [...]rks of the Law, are under the curse: for it is written, Cursed is [...]very [...]ne that continueth not in all things which are [...]ri [...]t [...]n in th [...] Book of t [...]e Law to [...]o them.

Here the Apostle teacheth us three things.

1. That by reason of our natural sinfulness, [...] impossibility of any mans being justified [...]y the works of the Law is so certain, that [Page] whosoever do seek Justification by the work of the Law, are liable to the curse of God, fo [...] breaking of the Law; for, as many as are of [...] works of the Law are under the curse, saith he.

2. That unto the perfect fulfilling of th [...] Law, the keeping of one or two of the pr [...]cepts, or doing of some, or of all duties (if [...] were possible) for a time is not sufficient; [...] the Law requireth, that a man continue in [...] things which are written in the Book of the Law, [...] do them.

3. That because no man can come up to th [...] perfection every man by nature is under th [...] curse; for the Law saith Cursed is every one th [...] continueth not in all things, which are written [...] the Book of the Law, to do them.

Now to be under the curse, comprehende [...] all the displeasure of God, with the danger [...] the breaking forth more and more of his wrat [...] upon soul and body, both in this life and afte [...] death perpetually, if grace do not prevent th [...] full execution thereof.

Hence let every man reason thus:

Whosoever, according to the Covenant o [...] Works is liable to the curse of God, for break [...]ing the Law, times and ways out of number cannot be justified or find righteousness by the works of the Law.

But I (may every man say) according to th [...] Covenant of Works, am liable to the curse [...] God, for breaking the Law, times and ways [...] of number.

[Page]Therefore I cannot be justified, or have [...]ghteousness by the works of the Law.

Thus may a man be convinced of righteous­ [...], that it is not to be had by his own works [...] by the Law.

[...]. For convincing a man of Judgment by the Lavv: consider, 2 Thes. 1.7.

THe Lord shall be revealed from Heaven with his mighty Angels, ver. 8. In flaming [...] [...]aking vengeance on them that know not [...] ▪ and that obey not the Gospel of our Lord [...] Christ. ver. 9. Who shall be punished with [...]erlasting destruction from the presence of the [...], and from the glory of his power. ver. 10. [...]hen he shall come to be glorified in his saints, [...] to be admired in all them that believe.

Wherein we are taught, that our Lord Jesus, [...]ho now offers to be Mediator for them who [...]el [...]eve in him, shall at the last day, come armed [...]ith flaming fire, to judge, condemn and de­ [...]roy all them who have not believed God, [...] not received the offer of grace made in [...] Gospel, nor obeyed the Doctrine thereof; [...] remain in their natural estate under the [...]aw or Covenant of Works.

Hence let every man reason thus:

What the righteous Judge hath fore-warn­ [...]d, me shall be done, at the last day, I am sure [...] just judgement.

But the righteous Judge hath fore-warned [...]e, that if I do not believe God in time, and [Page] obey the Doctrine of the Gospel, I shall [...] secluded from his presence and his glory, at t [...] last day, and be tormented in soul and body [...] ever.

Therefore I am convinced that this is [...] Judgement.

And I have reason to thank God heartil [...] who hath forewarned me to flee from the wrat [...] which is to come.

Thus every man may be, by the Law or C [...]venant of Works, convinced of judgment, [...] he shall continue under the Covenant [...] Works, or shall not obey the Gospel of ou [...] Lord Jesus.

For convincing a man of sin, righteous [...]ness, and judgment by the Gospel.

AS for convincing a man of sin, and righ [...]teousness, and judgment by the Gospe [...] or Covenant of grace, he must understan [...] three things. 1. That not believing in Jesu [...] Christ, or refusing of the Covenant of Grace offered in him, is a greater and more danger­ous sin, then all other sins against the Law [...] because the hearers of the Gospel▪ not belie­ving in Christ, do reject Gods mercy in Christ▪ the only way of freedom from sin and wrath, and will not yield to be reconciled to God. Next, he must understand that perfect remissi­on of sin and true righteousness is to be had on­ly by faith in Jesus; because God requireth no [Page] [...]ther conditions but Faith, and testfiies from [...]eaven that he is well pleased to justifie sinners [...]pon this condition. 3. He must understand [...]hat, upon righteousness received by faith, [...]udgment shall follow on the one hand, to the [...]estroying of the works of the Devil in the [...]eliever, and to the perfecting of the work of [...]anctification in him, with power: and that [...]pon refusing to take righteousness by Faith in [...]esus Christ, Judgment shall follow on the o­ [...]her hand, to the condemnation of the misbe­ [...]ever, and destroying of him with Satan and [...]is servants for ever.

For this end let these passages of Scripture, [...]mong many others, serve to make the great­ [...]ess of the sin of not believing in Christ appear, [...]r to make the greatness of the sin of refusing [...]f the Covenant of Grace, offered to us, in [...]he offering of Christ unto us, let the fair offer [...]f Grace be looked upon as it is made, Isa. 55. [...]. Incline your ear and come unto me (saith the [...]ord) hear, and your soul shall live, and I will [...]ake an everlasting Covenant with you, even [...]he sure mercies of David. That is, if ye will [...]elieve me, and be reconciled to me, I will by Covenant▪ give unto you Christ, and all sa­ [...]ing graces in him; repeated, Acts 13.24.

Again consider that this general offer in [...]ubstance is equivalent to a special offer made [...]o every one in particular, as appeareth by [...]e Apostles making use of it, Acts 16.13. [...]elieve on the Lord Jesus Christ, and thou [Page] shalt be saved and thy house. The reason o [...] which offer is given I [...]h. 3.16. For God so lov [...] the World, that he gave his only begotten Son, th [...] whosoever believeth in him, should not perish, bu [...] have everlasting life. Seeing then this grea [...] salvation is offered in the Lord Jesus, whosoe­ver believe not in him, but lo [...]k for happines [...] some other way, what doth he else, but observ [...] lying vanities, and forsake his own mercy whic [...] he might have had in Christ? Ion [...]h 2.8, [...] ▪ What doth he else but blaspheme God in hi [...] heart? as it is said, 1 Iohn 5.10. He that be­lieveth not God, hath made him a liar, because [...] believeth not the record that God gave of his Son and this is the record, that God hath given to us eter­nal life, and this life is in his Son; and that no si [...] against the Law is like unto this sin, Christ te­stifies, Iohn 15.22. If I had not come and spoke [...] to them▪ they had not h [...] sin; but now they hav [...] no cloak for their sin. This may convince [...] man of the greatness of this sin of not belie­ving in Christ.

For convincing a man of righteousness to be had only by faith in Christ [...] consider how, Rom. 10.3, 4.

IT Is said, that the Iews being ignorant o [...] Gods righteousness, and going about to establis [...] their own righteousness. have not submitted them­selves unto the righteousness of God, (and so they perished) for Christ is the end of the La [...] [Page] [...] righteousness to every one that believeth: and [...]cts 13.34. By Christ Iesus all that believe, are [...]stified from all things, from which ye could not be [...]stified by the Law of Moses: and 1 Iohn 1.7. [...] blood of Iesus Christ his Son, cleanseth us from [...] sin.

For convincing a man of judgement, if a [...]an imbrace this righteousness: consider, [...] Iohn 3.8. For this purpose the Son of God was [...]nifested that he mi [...]t destroy the works of the [...]evil. and Heb. 9.14. How much more shall the [...] of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit, [...] himself without spot to God, purge your consci­ [...]ce from dead works to serve the living God.

But if a man imbrace not this righteousness, [...] is pronounced, Iohn 3.18. He that be­ [...]veth not is condemned already; because he hath [...] believed in the Name of the only begotten Son of [...]. And this is the condemnation, that light is [...] into the World, [...]nd men love darkness rather [...] light.

Hence let the penitent desiring to believe, [...]ason thus:

What doth suffice to convince all the Elect [...] the world of the greatness of the sin of not [...]lieving in Christ, or refusing to flee to him [...] relief from sins done against the Law, and [...]om wrath due thereto? and what sufficeth [...] convince them that righteousness and eter­ [...]l life is to be had by Faith in Jesus Christ, or [...] consenting to the Covenant of Grace in him? [Page] and what sufficeth to convince them of Judge­ment to be exercised by Christ for destroying the works of the Devil in a man, and sanctify­ing and saving all that believe in him, may suf­fice to convince me also.

But what the Spirit hath said in these or o­ther like Scriptures, sufficeth to convince the Elect world of the foresaid sin and righteous­ness and Judgment.

Therefore what the Spirit hath said in these and other like Scriptures, serveth to convince me thereof also.

Whereupon let the penitent desiring to be­lieve take with him words, and say heartily to the Lord; Seeing thou saye [...]t, seek ye my Face ▪ my soul answereth unto thee, thy face, Lor [...] will I seek, I have hearkned unto the offer of an everlasting Covenant of all saving mercies to be had in Christ, and I do heartily embrace thy offer, Lord let it be a bargain, Lord I be­lieve, help my unbelief: Behold I give my self to thee to serve thee in all things for ever, and I hope they right [...]and shall save me, the Lord will perfect that which concerneth me. Thy mercy▪ O Lord endureth for ever, forsake not the works of thy own hands. Thus may a m [...]n be made an unfained believer in Christ.

For strengthning the mans Faith who hath agreed unto the Covenant of Grace.

BEcause many true believers are weak, and do much doubt if ever they shall be sure of the soundness of their own Faith and Effe­ctual calling, or made certain of their Justifica­tion and Salvation, when they see, that many, who profess faith, are found to deceive them­selves; let us see how every believer may be made strong in the faith, and sure of his own Election and Salvation upon solid grounds by sure warrants and true evidences of faith. To this end among many other Scriptures, take these following.

1. For laying solid grounds of faith, consi­der, 2 Pet. 1.10.

Wherefore the rather, brethren▪ give diligence to make sure your calling and election, for if ye do these things, ye shall never fall.

In which words the Apostle teacheth us these four things, for help and direction, how to be made strong in the faith.

1. That such as believe in Christ Jesus, and are fled to him for relief from sin and wrath, albeit they be weak in the faith, yet they are indeed Children of the same Father with the Apostles: for so he accounteth of them, while he called them brethren.

2. That albeit we be not sure, for the time of our effectual calling and election, yet we may [Page] be made sure of both, if we use diligence: for this he presupposeth, saying, Give diligence to make your calling and election sure.

2. That we must not be discouraged, when we see many seeming believers prove rotten branches and make defection, but we must the rather take the better heed to our selves Wherefore the rather, brethren, saith he, give all diligence.

4. That the way to be sure both of our effe­ctual calling, and Election, is to make sure work of our Faith, by laying the grounds of it solidly, and bringing forth the fruits of our faith in new obedience constantly, For if ye do these thing [...], saith he, ye shall never fall; un­derstand by these things, what he had said of sound faith, ver. 1, 2, 3, 4. And what he had said of the bringing out of the fruits of faith, ver. 5, 6, 7, 8.

To this same purpose, consider, Rom. 1.8. There is therefore now no condemnation to them that are in Christ Iesus, who walk not after the flesh, but after the Spirit. ver. 2. For the Law of the Spirit of Life, in Christ Iesus, hath made me free from the Law of sin and death. ver. 3. For what the Law could not do, in that it was weak through the flesh, God sending his own Son, in the likeness of sinfull flesh, and for sin condemned sin in the flesh. ver. 4. That the righteousness of the Law might be fulfilled in us, who walk not after the flesh, but after the Spirit.

[Page]Wherein the Apostle teacheth us these four things, for laying of the ground of faith so­lidly.

1. That every one is a true believer, who in the sense of his sin and fear of Gods wrath doth flee for full relief from both unto Jesus Christ alone, as the only Mediator, and all-suf­ficient Redeemer of men, and being fled to Christ, doth strive against his own flesh, or corrupt inclination of nature, and studieth to follow the rule of Gods Spirit, set down in his Word; for the man whom the Apostle doth here bless as a true believer, is a man in Christ Jesus, who doth not walk after the flesh, but after [...]he Spirit.

2. That all such persons as are fled to Christ, [...]nd do strive against sin, howsoever they may [...]e possibly exercised under the sense of wrath, [...]nd fear of condemnation, yet they are in no [...]anger; for there is no condemnation (saith he) [...]o them that are in Christ Iesus, who walk not [...]fter the flesh, but after the Spirit.

3. That albeit the Apostle himself (brought [...] here for examples cause) and all other true [...]elievers in Christ, be, by nature, under the [...]aw of sin and death, or under the Covenant [...]f Works, (called the Law of sin and death, [...]ecause it bindeth sin and death upon us, till [...]hrist set us free) yet the Law of the spirit of [...]e in Christ Jesus, or the Covenant of Grace [...]o called, because it doth inable and quicken man to a spiritual life through Christ) doth [Page] set the apostle and all true believers free from the Covenant of Work [...] or the Law of sin and death, so that every man may say with him, The Law of the Spirit of life, or the Covenant of Grace, hath freed me from the Law of sin and death, or Covenant of Works.

4. That the fountain and first ground from whence our freedom from the curse of the Law doth flow, is the Covenant of Redem­ption, past betwixt God, and God the Son, as incarnate, wherein Christ takes the Curse of the Law upon him for sin, that the believer, who could not otherwise be delivered from the Covenant of Works, may be delivered from it. And this Doctrine the Apostle holdeth forth in these four branches. 1. That it was utter­ly▪ impossible for the Law, or Covenant of works, to bring righteousness and life to a sin­ner because it was weak. 2. That this weak­ness and inability of the Law, or Covenant of Works, is not the fault of the Law, but the fault of sinfull flesh, which is neither able to [...]ay the penalty of sin, nor to give perfect obe­dience to the Law (presuppose by-gone sins were forgiven) the Law was weak (saith he) through the flesh. 3. That the righteousness and salvation of sinners, which was impossible to be brought about by the Law, is brought to pass by sending Gods own Son, Jesus Christ in the flesh, in whose flesh sin is condemned and punished, for making satisfaction in the behalf of the Elect, that they might be set free. [Page] 4. That by his means the Law loseth nothing, because the righteousness of the Law is best fulfilled this way: First by Christ, giving per­fect active obedience in our name unto it in all things: Next, by his paying, in our name, the penalty, (due to our sins) in his death. And lastly, by his working of Sanctification in us, who are true believers, who strive to give new obedience unto the Law, and walk not after the flesh, but after the Spirit.

Warrants yo believe.

FOr building our confid [...]nce upon th [...]s solid ground, these four Warrants and special motives to believe in Christ may serve: The 1. whereof is Gods hearty invitation, holden forth, Isa. 55.1, [...], 3, 4, 5.

Ho, every one that thirsteth, come ye to the wa­ters, and he that hath no money, come and buy without money, and without price. ver. 2. Where­fore do ye spend your money for that which is not bread, and your labour for that which satisfieth not? Hearken diligently unto me, and eat ye that which is good, and let your soul delight it self in fatness. ver. 3. Incline your ear and come to me; hear, and your soul shall live, and I will make an everlasting Covenant with you, even the sure mer­cies of David. ver. 4. Behold I have given him for a witness to the people, a leader and commander to the people, &c.

[Page]Here (after setting down the precious ran­som of our Redemption by the sufferings of Christ, and the rich blessings purchased to us thereby in the two former Chapters) the Lord, in this Chapter,

1. Maketh open offer of Christ and his grace by proclamation of a free and gracious market of Righteousness and Salvation; to be had through Christ to every soul without excepti­on, that truly desires to be saved from sin and wrath; [...]o, every one that thirsteth, saith he.

2. He inviteth all sinners, that, for any rea­son, stand at distance with God, to come and take from him riches of grace running in Christ as a River to wash away sin, and to slacken wrath: Come ye to water, saith he.

3. Lest any should stand back, in the sense of his own sinfulness or unworthiness and in­a [...]ility to do any good, the Lord calleth upon such persons in special, saying, He that hath no money, come.

[...]. H [...] craveth no more of his Merchant, but that he be pleased with the wares offered, which are grace and more grace, and that he heartily consent unto, and imbrace this offer of grace, that so he may close a bargain and a formal Covenant with God [...]punc; Come, buy without money (saith he) Come eat, that is, consent to have, and take unto you all saving graces, make the wares your own, possess them, and make use of all blessings in Christ, whatsoever ma­keth for your spiritual life and comfort, use and [Page] enjoy it freely, without paying any thing for it. Come, buy wine and milk without money and with­out price, saith he,

5. Because the Lord knoweth how much we are inclined to seek righteousness and life by our own performances, and satisfaction to have righteousness and l [...]fe [...]punc; as it were by the way of works, and how lo [...]th we are to em­brace Christ Jesus, and to take life by way of free grace, through Jesus Christ, upon the tearm [...] whereupon it is offered to us, therefore the Lord lovingly calls us off this our crooked and unhappy way, with a gentle and timous admonition, giving us to understand that we shall but lose our labour in this our way, Where­fore do ye spend your money (saith he) for that which is not bread, and your labour for that which satisfieth not?

6. The Lord promiseth to us solid satisfacti­on, in the way of betaking our selves unto the grace of Christ, even true c [...]ntentment, and fulness of spiritual pleasure, saying, Hearken di­ligently unto me, and eat that which is good, and let your soul delight its self in fatness.

6. Because faith cometh by hearing, he cal­leth for audience unto the explication of the offer, and calleth for believing of, and listen­ing unto the truth, which is able to beget the application of saving faith and to draw the soul to trust in God. Incline your ear and come unto me, saith he. To which end the Lord promiseth, that this offer, being, received, shall quicken [Page] the dead sinner, and that upon the welcom­ing of this offer, he will close the Covenant of Grace with the man that shall consent unto it, even an indissolvable Covenant of perpetual Reconciliation and Peace, Hearken and your soul shall live, and I will make an everlasting Cove­nant with you.

Which Covenant he declareth, shall be in substance the assignation, and the making over of all the saving graces, which David (who is Jesus Christ, Act. 13.34.) hath brought for us in the Covenant of Redemption, I will make a Covenant with you (saith he) even the sure mercies of David. By sure mercies he means saving graces, such as are righteousness, peace, and joy in the Holy Ghost, Adoption, Sancti­fication, and Glorification, and whatsoever be­longs to Godliness, and life eternal.

8. To confirm and assure us of the real grant of these saving mercies, and to perswade us of the reality of the Covenant betwixt God and the believer of this word, the Father hath made a fourfold gift of his eternal and only begotten Son.

First, to be incarnate and born, for our sake, of the seed of David, his type, for which cause he is called here, and Act. 13.34. ( David the true and everlasting King of Israel.) This is the great gift of God to man, Iohn. 4.10. And here [I have given him to be David, or born of David to the people]

[Page]Secondly, he hath made a gift of Christ to be a witness to the people, both of the sure and saving mercies granted to the redeemed in the Covenant of Redemption, and also of the Fathers willingness, and purpose to apply them, and to make them fast in the Covenant of Reconciliation made with such as imbrace the offer; I have given him (saith the Lord here) to be a witness to the people: and truly he is a sufficient witness in this manner, in many respects. 1. Because he is one of the Persons of the blessed Trinity, and party con­tracter for us, in the Covenant of Redemption before the World was. 2. He is by Office as Mediator, the Messenger of the Covenant, and hath gotten commission to reveal it. 3. He began actually to reveal it in Paradise, where he promised that the seed of the woman should bruise the head of the Serpent. 4. He set forth his own death and suff [...]ring [...], and the great benefits that should come th [...]reby to us, in the types and figures of sacrifices and ceremonies before his coming. 5. He gave more and more light [...] this Covenant, speaking by his Spirit, thou ag [...] to age, in the holy prophets. 6. He came him [...]lf [...] the fulness of time, and did bear witness of all things belonging to this Covenant, a [...]d of Gods willing mind to take believers into it, partly by uniting our na­ture in one person with the D [...]vine Nature, part [...]y by Preaching the good tidings of the Covenant with his own mouth, partly by [Page] paying the price of Redemption on the Cross, and partly by dealing still with the people from the beginning to this day, to draw in and to hold in the redeemed in this Cove­nant.

Thirdly, God hath made a gift of Christ, as a Leader to the people, to bring us through all difficulties, all afflictions and temptations, unto life, by this Covenant. And he it is, and no o­ther, who doth indeed lead his own unto the Covenant, and in the Covenant all the way on unto salvation. 1. By the direction of his word and Spirit. 2. By the example of his own life, in faith and obedience, even to the death of the Cross. 3. By his powerful working, bearing his redeemed ones in his arms, and causing them to lean on him, while they go up through the wilderness.

Fourthly, God hath made a gift of Christ unto his people, as a Commander; which Of­fice he faithfully exerciseth, by giving to his Kirk and people, Laws and Ordinances, Pa­stours and Governours, and all necessary Offi­cers, by keeping Cou [...]ts and Assemblies among them to see that his Laws be obeyed: Subdu­ing by his Word, Spirit and Discipline, his peoples corruptions; and by his Wisdom and power, guarding them against their enemies whatsoever.

Hence he who hath closed bargain with God, may strengthen his faith, by reasoning after this manner.

[Page]Whosoever doth heartily receive the offer of free grace made here to sinners, thirsting for righteousness and salvation, unto him by ever­lasting Covenant belongeth Christ the true Da­vid, with all his sure and saving mercies.

But I (may the weak believer say) do heartily receive the offer of free grace, made here to sin­ners, thir [...]ing for righteousness and salvation.

Therefore unto me, by an everlasting Cove­venant belongeth Christ Jesus, with all his s [...]re and saving mercies.

The second warrant and special mo­tive to imbrace Christ and believe in him is the earnest request that God maketh to us to be reconciled to him in Christ, holden forth, 2 Cor. 5. ver. 14.19.2.21.

GOd was in Christ, reconciling the world unto himself, not imputing their trespasses unto them: and hath committed unto us the word of Reconciliation. ver. 20. Now then we are Em­bassadors for Christ, as though God did beseech you by us, we pray you in Christs stead, be ye reconci­led to God. ver. 21. For he hath made him to be sin for us who knew no sin, that we might be made the righteousness of God in him.

Wherein the Apostle teacheth us these nine Doctrines.

1. That the elect World, or the World [Page] redeemed souls, are by nature in the estate of enmity against God. This is presuppo­sed in the word Reconciliation; for reconci­liation, or renewing of friendship, cannot be, except betwixt those that have been at en­mity.

2. That in all the time by-past, since the fall of Adam, Christ Jesus, the eternal Son of God, as Mediator, and the Father in him, hath been about the making friendship (by his word and Spirit) betwixt himself and the elect World, God (saith he) was in Christ reconciling the world to himself.

3. That the way of reconciliation was in all ages one and the same in substance, viz. by for­giving the sins of them who do acknow­ledge their sins, and their enmity against God, and do seek reconciliation and remission of sins in Christ, for God (saith he) was in Christ reconciling the world to himself, by way of not imputing their trespasses unto them.

4. That the end and scope of the Gospel and whole word of God, is threefold.

1. It serveth to make people sensible of their sins, and of their enmity against God, and of their danger if they should stand out, and not fear Gods displeasure.

2. The word of God serveth to make men acquainted with the course which God hath pre­pared for making friendship with him through Christ, viz. That if men shall acknowledge the enmity, and shall be content to enter into a [Page] Covenant of friendship with God, through Christ, then God will be contented to be re­conciled with them freely.

3. The word of God serveth to teach men how to carry themselves towards God, as friends, after they are reconciled to him, viz. to be loath to sin against him, and to strive heartily to obey his Commandments, and therefore the Word of God here is called the Word of Reconciliation, because it teacheth us, what need we have of reconciliation, and how to make it, and how to keep the reconciliation of friendship, being made with God through Christ.

5. That albeit the hearing, believing, and obeying of this word, doth belong to all those to whom this Gospel doth come, yet the Office of preaching of it, with authority, belongeth to none but to such only as God doth call to this ministry, and sendeth out with Commis­sion for this work. This the Apostle holdeth forth, ver. 18. in these words, he hath commit­ted to us the word of Reconciliation.

6. That the Ministers of the Gospel should behave themselves as Christs Messen­gers, and should closely follow their com­mission set down in the word, Matth. 28.19, 20. and when they do so, they should be received by the people, as Ambassadours from God: for here the Apole, in all their names, saith, we are Embassadours for Christ, [Page] as though God did beseech you by us.

7. That Ministers in all earnestness of affe­ctions should deal with people, to acknow­ledge their sins, and their natural enmity a­gainst God more and more seriously: and to consent to the Covenant of Grace and Embas­sage of Christ more and more heartily; and to evidence more and more clearly their re­conciliation by a holy carriage before God. This he holdeth forth, when he saith, we pray you be reconciled to God.

8. That in the Ministers affectionate dealing with the people, the people should consider, that they have to do with God and Christ, requesting them by the Ministers to be recon­ciled, now there cannot be a greater induce­ment to break a sinners hard heart, than Gods making request to him for friendship: For when it became us, who have done so many wrongs to God, to seek friendship of God, he pre­venteth, and (O wonder of wonders!) he re­questeth us to be content to be reconciled wit [...] him: and therefore most fearful wrath must abide them, who do set light by this request; and do not yield when they hear Ministers with Commission, saying, We are Embassadours for Christ, as though God did beseech you by us, we pray you in Christs stead be ye reconciled to God.

9. To make it appear, how it cometh to pass that the Covenant of Reconciliation should be so easily made up betwixt God and [Page] a humble sinner fleeing to Christ, the Apostle leads us unto the cause of it, holden forth in the Covenant of Redemption; the sum where­of is this. It is agreed betwixt God and the me­diator Iesus Christ the Son of God Surety for the redeemed, as parties contractors, that the sins of the redeemed should be imputed to innocent Christ, and he both condemned and put to death for them upon this very condition, that whosoever heartily consents unto the Covenant of Reconciliation of­fered through Christ, shall by the imputation of his obedience unto them, be justified and holden righ­teous before God, for God hath made Christ who knew no sin, to be sin for us (saith the Apostle) that we might be made the Righteousness of God in him.

Hence may a weak believer strengthen his faith, by reasoning from this ground after this manner.

He that upon the loving request of God and Christ, made to him by the mouth of his Ministers (having Commission to that effect) hath embra­ced the offer of perpetual reconciliation through Christ, and do purpose by Gods Grace, as a reconciled person to strive against sin, and to serve God to his power constantly, may be as sure to have righteous­ness, and eternal life given to him for the obedience of Christ imputed to him, as it is sure that Christ was condemned and put to death for the sins of the redeemed imputed to him.

[Page] But I (may the weake believer say) upon the loving request of God and Christ made to me by the mouth of his Ministers, have imbraced the offer of perpetual reconciliation through Christ, and do purpose by Gods gra [...]e, as a reconciled per­son, to strive against sin, and to serve God to my power constantly.

Therefore I may be as sure to have righteous­ness and [...]ternal life given to me for the obedience of Christ imputed to me, as it is sure that Christ was condemned and put to death for the sins of the redeemed imputed to him.

The third warrant and special motive to believe in Christ, is the strait and awful command of God, charging all the hearers of the Gospel to ap­proach to Christ, in the order set down by him, and to believe in him: holden forth, 1 Ioh. 3.23.

THis is his Commandment, that we should be­lieve on the name of his Son Iesus Christ, and love one another, as be gave us command­ment.

Wherein the Apostle giveth us to under­stand these five Doctrines.

1. That [...]f any man shall not be taken with the sw [...]et invitation of God, nor with the humb [...]e and loving request of God made to him to be reconciled, he shall find he hath [Page] to do with the Soveraign Authority of the highest Majesty; for this is his commandment, that we believe in him, saith he.

2. That if any man look upon this Com­mand as he hath looked heretofore upon the neglected Commandments of the Law; he must consider that this is a command of the Gospel, posterior to the Law, given for making use of the remedy of all sins; which if it be diso­beyed, there is no other Command to follow but this: Go, ye cursed, into everlasting fire of Hell: for this is his commandment: the obe­dience of which is most pleasant in his sight, ver. 22. And without which it is impossible to please him, Heb. 11.6.

3. That every one who heareth the Gospel, must make conscience of the duty of lively faith in Christ, the weak believer must not think it presumption to do what is comman­ded: the person inclined to despiration must take up himself, and think upon obedience unto this sweet and saving command: the strong believer must dip yet more in the sense of his need he hath of Jesus Christ, and more and more grow in the obedience of this com­mand, yea, the most impenitent, prophane and wicked person, must not thrust out himself, or be thrust out by others, from orderly aiming at this duty, how desperate soever his conditi­on seem to be; for he that commands all men to believe in Christ, doth thereby command all men to believe that they are damned and lost [Page] without Christ: he thereby commands all men to acknowledge their sins, and their need of Christ, and in effect commands all men to re­pent, that they may believe in him. And who­soever do refuse to repent of their by-gone sins are guilty of disobedience to this Command given to all hearers, but especially to those that are within the visible Church, for this is his commandment, that we should believe in the name of his Son Iesus Christ ▪ saith he.

4. That he who ob [...]yeth this Command­ment, hath built his salvation on a solid ground. For first, he hath found the promi­sed Messiah, compleatly furnished with all per­fections unto the perfect execution of the Of­fices of Prophet, Priest, and King; for he is that Christ in whom the man doth believe. 2. He hath embraced a Saviour who is able to save to the uttermost; yea, and who doth ef­fectually save every one that cometh to God through him: for he is Jesus the true Saviour of his people from their sins. 3. He that obey­eth this command, hath bui [...]t his salvation on the Rock, that is, on the Son of God, to whom it is no robbery to be called equal to the Fa­ther, and who is worthy to be the object of sa­ving Faith and of Spiritual Worship, for this is his command (saith he) that we believe in the Name of his Son Iesus Christ.

5. That he who hath believed on Jesus Christ (though he be freed from the curse of the Law) is not freed from the Command [Page] and obedience of the Law, but tyed thereun­to by a new obligation, and a new command from Christ: Which new command from Christ importeth help to obey the com­mand, unto which command from Christ, the Father addeth his authority and command also; for this i [...] his commandment (saith John) that we believe on the Name of his Son Iesus Christ, and love one another, as he hath Command­ded us. The first part of which command en­joyning belief in him▪ necessarily implyeth love to God, and so obedience to the first tab [...]e, for believing in God, and loving God are in­separable. And the second part of the command injoyneth love to our neighbour, (especially to the houshold of faith) and so obedience unto the second Table of the Law.

Hence may a weak believer strengthen him­self by reasoning from this ground after this manner.

Whosoever in the sense of his own sinfulness and fear of Gods wrath, at the command of God, is fled to Iesus Christ the only remedy of sin and mi­s [...]ry and hath ingaged his heart to the obedience of the Law of Love, his Faith is not presumptu­ous or dead, but true and saving Faith.

But I (may the weak believer say) in the sense of my own sinfulness and fear of Gods wrath am fled to Iesus Christ the only remedy of sin and misery, and have ingaged my heart to the obedi­ence of the Law of Love.

[Page] Therefore my faith is not a presumtuous and dead faith, but true and saving faith.

The fourth warrant and spec [...]al mo­tive to believe in Christ is much as­surance of life given, in case men shall obey the command of believing, and a fearful certification, of destruction, in case they obey not: holden forth, Ioh. 3.35.

THe Father loveth the Son, and hath given all things into his hand. ver. 36 He that be­lieveth on the Son hath everlasting life, and he that believeth not the Son, shall not see life, but the wrath of God abideth on him.

Wherein are holden forth to us these five following Doctrines,

1. That the Father is well satisfied with the undertakings of the Son, entered Redeemer and Surety to pay the ransom of believers, and to perfect them in holiness and salvation. The Father loveth the Son, saith he, viz. As he standeth Mediator in our name, undertaking to perfect our Redemption in all points. The Father loveth him, that is, doth heartily accept his offer to do the work, and is well pleased with him: his soul delighteth in him and resteth upon him, and maketh him in this his Office, the receptacle of love and grace and good will, to be conveyed by him to believers in him.

[Page]2. That for fulfilling of the Covenant of Redemption, the Father hath given to the Son, (as he standeth in the capacity of the Media­tor) or as he is God incarnate, (the word made flesh) all authority in Heaven and Earth, all furniture of the riches of grace, and of spirit and life with all power, and ability, which the Union of the Divine Nature with the Humane; or which the fulness of the Godhead, dwel­ling substantially in his Humane Nature, or which the indivisible all-sufficiency and om­nipote [...]y of the inseparable, every where pre­sent Trini [...] do [...]h import; or the work of Re­de [...]ption ca [...] [...]equire; the Father (saith he) hath given al [...] [...]hi [...]gs into the Sons hand, to wit, for acco [...]pl [...]hing his work.

3. [...] assurance of life is holden forth to all, who shall heartily receive Christ and the offer of the Covenant of grace and reconcilia­tion through him, he that believeth on the Son (saith he) hath everlasting life, for it is made fast unto him, 1. In Gods purpose, and ir­revocable decree, as the believer is a man elected to life. 2. By effectual calling of him unto life by God, who as he is faithful, so will he do it. 3. By promise and everlasting Co­venant, sworn by God to give the believer strong consolation in life and death upon im­mutable grounds. 4. By a pawn and infest­ment under the great Seal of the Sacrament of the Lords Supper, so oft as the believer shall come to receive the symbols and pledges of [Page] life. 5. In Christ the fountain and head of life, who is entred in a possession, as atturney for believers, in whom our life is so laid up, that it cannot be taken away. 6. By begun possession of spiritual life and regeneration, and a Kingdom consisting in righteousness, peace, and joy in the Holy Ghost, erected within the believer, as arles of the full possession of ever­lasting life.

4. A fearful certification is given, if a man receive not the Doctrine concerning righte­ousness and eternal life to be had by Jesus Christ: he that believes not the Son, shall not see life, that is, not so much as understand what it meaneth.

5. He further certifieth, that if a man re­ceive not the Doctrine of the Son of God, he shall be burdened twice with the wrath of God once as a born rebel by nature, he shall bear the curse of the Law, or the Covenant of Works; and next, he shall endure a greater condemna­tion, in respect that light being come into the world, and offered to him, he hath rejected it, and loveth darkness rather than light, and this double wrath shall be fastned and fixed im­moveably upon him, so long as he remaineth in the condition of misbelief, the wrath of God abideth on him, saith he.

Hence may the weak believer strengthen his faith by reasoning from this ground after this manner.

[Page] Whosoever believeth the Doctrine delivered by the Son of God, and findeth himself partly drawn powerfully to believe him, by the sight of life in [...]im, and partly driven by the fear of Gods wrath to adhere unto him, may be sure of right and in­terest to life eternal through him.

But, sinful and unworthy I, (may the weak be­liever say) do believe the Doctrine delivered by the Son of God, and do feel my self partly drawn powerfully to believe in him, by the sight of life in him; and partly driven, by the fear of Gods wrath to adhere unto him.

Therefore I may be sure of my right and interest unto eternal life through him.

The evidences of true Faith.

SO much for the laying the grounds of faith and warrants to believe: now for evi­dencing of true faith by fruits, these four things are requisite. 1. That the believer be sound­ly convinced in his judgment, of this obli­gation to keep the whole moral Law, all the days of his life: And that not the less, but so much the more, as he is delivered by Christ from the Covenant of Works, and curse of the Law. 2. That he endeavour to grow in the exercise and daily practice of Godliness and righteousness. 3. That the course of his new obe­dience run in the right channel, that is, through faith in Christ, and through a good con­science, to all the duties of love toward God and [Page] man. 4. That he keep strait communion with the fountain Christ Jesus, from whom grace must run along for furnishing of good fruits.

For the first, viz. To convince the believer, in his judgement, of his obligation to keep the Moral Law, among many passages, take Matth. 5.16.

LEt your light so shine before men, that they may see your good works, and glorifie your Father which is in Heaven. ver. 17. Think not that I am come to destroy the Law or the Pro­phets: I am not come to destroy, but to fulfil. ver. 18. For verily I say unto you, till Heaven and Earth pass, one jot or one title shall in no wise pass from the Law, till all be fulfi [...]led. ver. 19. Whosoever therefore shall break one of these least Commandments, and shall teach men so, he shall be called least in the Kingdom of Heaven but whosoever shall do and teach them, the same shall be called great in the Kingdom of Heaven. ver. 20. For I say unto you, that except your righ­teousness shall exceed the righteousness of the Scribes and Pharisees, ye shall in no case enter into the Kingdom of Heaven.

Wherein our Lord,

1. Giveth commandment to believers, justified by faith, to give evidence of the grace [Page] of God in them, before men, by doing good works. Let your light so shine before men (saith he) that they may see your good works.

2. He induceth them so to do, by shewing that albeit they be not justified by works; yet spectators of their good works may be con­verted or edified, and so glory may redound to God by their good works, when the wit­nesses thereof shall glorifie your Father which is in Heaven.

3. He gives them no other rule for their new obedience, than the Moral Law, set down, and explicated by Moses and the Prophets. Think not (saith he) that I am come to destroy the Law, and the Prophets.

4. He gives them to understand that the Doctrine of grace, and freedom from the curse of the Law, by faith in him, is readily mistaken by mens corrupt judgment, as if it did loose or slaken the obligation of believers to obey the commands, and to be subject to the authority of the Law, and that this error is indeed a destroying of the Law and of the Prophets, which he will in no case ever en­dure in any of his Disciples, it is so contrary to the end of his coming, which is first to sanctifie, and then to save believers. Think not (saith he) that I am come to destroy the Law, and the Prophets.

5. He teacheth, that the end of the Gospel and Covenant of Grace, is to procure mens obedience unto the Moral Law, I am come [Page] (saith he) to fulfil the Law, and the Prophets.

6. That the obligation of the Moral Law, it [...] all points, unto all holy duties, is perpetual and shall stand to the worlds end, that is, till Heaven and Earth pass away.

7. That as God hath a care of the Scriptures from the beginning, so shall he have care of them still to the Worlds end, that there shall not one jot or one title of the substance thereof be taken away, so saith the Text, v. 11.

8. That as the breaking of the Moral Law, and defending the transgression thereof to be no sin, doth exclude men both from Heaven, and justly also from the fellowship of the true Kirk, so the obedience of the Law and teaching others to do the same, by example, counsel and doctrine, according to every mans calling, proveth a man to be a true believer, and in great estimation with God, and worthy to be much esteemed of by the true Church, v. 19.

9. That the righteousness of every true Chri­stian, must be more than the righteousness of the Scribes and Pharisees; for the Scribes and Pharisees, albeit they took great pains to dis­charge sundry duties of the Law, yet they cut­ted short the exposition thereof: that it might the less condemn the practice, they studied the outward part of the duty, but neglected the inward and spiritual part: they discharged meaner duties carefully, but neglected judg­ment, mercy and the love of God: In a word, they went about to establish their own righ­teousness, [Page] and rejected the Righteousness of God by faith in Jesus. But a true Christian must have more than all this, he must acknow­ledg the full extent of the spiritual meaning of the Law, and have a respect to all the Com­mandments, and labour to cleanse himself from all filthiness of flesh and Spirit, and not lay weight upon what service he hath done, or shall do, but cloath himself with the imputed righ­teousness of Christ: which only can hide his nakedness, or else he cannot be saved. So saith the Text, Except your righteousness, &c.

The second thing requisite to evidence true Faith, is that the believer en­deavour to put the rules of Godli­ness and Righteousness in practice, and to grow in the daily exercise thereof: holden forth, 2 Pet. 1.5.

ANd besides this giving all diligence, add to your faith vertue, and to vertue knowledge, ver. 6. And to knowledge temperance; and to temperance, patience; and to patience godliness: ver. 7. And to godliness, brotherly kindness, and to brotherly kindness, charity. ver. 8. For if these things be in you, and abound, they make you that ye shall neither be barre [...] nor unfruitfull in the knowledge of our Lord Iesus Christ.

Wherein, 1. The Apostle teacheth belie­vers, [Page] for evidencing of pious faith in them­selves, to endeavour to add to their faith seven other sister graces: the first is Vertue, or the active exercise and practice of all Moral du­ties, that so faith may not be idle, but put forth it self in work. The second is Knowledge, which serveth to furnish Faith with information of the truth to be believed; and to furnish Vertue with direction what duties are to be done, and how to go about them prudently. The third is Temperance, which serveth to moderate the use of all pleasant things, that a man be not clog­ed therewith, nor made unfit for any duty, whereto he is called. The fourth is Patience, which serveth to moderate a mans affections, when he meeteth wi [...]h any difficulty or un­pleasant thing, that he neither weary for pains required in well doing, nor faint when the Lord chastiseth him, nor murmur when he crosseth him. The fifth is Godliness, which may keep him up in all exercises of Religion, inward and outward, whereby he may be furnished from God, for all other duties which he hath to do. The sixth is Brotherly kindness, which keepeth estimation of, and affection to, all the houshold of Faith, and to the image of God in every one wheresoever it is seen. The seventh is Love, which keepeth the heart in readiness to do good to all men, whosoever they be, upon all occasions which God shall offer.

2. Albeit it be true, that there is much cor­ruption and infirmity in the godly, yet the A­postle [Page] will have men uprightly endeavouring, and doing their best, as they are able to joyn all these graces one to another, and to grow in the measure of exercising of them: giving all diligence (saith he) add to your saith, &c.

3. He assureth all professed believers, that as they shall profit in the obedience of this di­rection, so they shall Profitably prove the soundness of their own faith, and if they want these graces, that they shall be found blind de­ceivers of themselves, ver. 9.

The third thing requisite to evidence true faith is, that obedience to the Law run in the right channel, that is through faith in Christ, &c. holden forth, 1 Tim. 1.5.

NOw the end of the Commandment is love out of a pure heart, and of a good conscience and of saith unfaigned.

Wherein the Apostle teacheth these seven Doctrines.

1. That the obedience of the Law must flow from love, and love from a pure heart, and a pure heart from a good Conscience, and a good conscience from Faith unfaigned, this he maketh the only right channel of good works, the end of the Law is Love, &c.

2. That the end of the Law is not that men may be justified by their obedience of it, [Page] as the Jewish Doctors did falsly teach: for it is impossible that sinners can be justified by the Law, who for every transgression are condemn­ed by the Law: for the end of the Law is (not such as the Jewish Doctors taught, but) love out of a pure heart, &c.

3. That the true end of the Law, preached unto the people, is that they, by the Law, being made to see their deserved condemnation, should flie to Christ unfaignedly, to be justified by faith in him: So saith the Text, while it mak­eth love to flow through faith in Christ.

4. That no man can set himself in love to o­bey the Law, except in as far as his conscience is quieted by faith, or is seeking to be quieted in Christ, for the end of the Law is love of a good conscience, and faith unfaigned.

5. That faigned faith goeth to Christ with­out reckoning with the Law, and so wants an errand; but unfaigned faith reckoneth with the Law, and is forced to flie for refuge unto Christ as the end of the Law, for righteousness so often as it finds it self guilty for breaking of the Law: For the end of the Law is faith unfaigned.

6. That the fruits of love may come forth in act particularly it is necessary, that the heart be brought to the hatred of all sin and unclean­ness, and to a stedfast purpose to follow all ho­liness universal; for the end of the Law is love out of a pure heart.

7. That unfaigned f [...]ith is able to make the conscience good, and the heart pure, and the [Page] man lovingly obedient to the Law; for when Christs blood is seen by faith to quiet justice, then the conscience becometh quiet also, and will not suffer the heart to entertain the love of sin, but sets the man on work to fear God for his mercy, and to obey all his command­ments out of love to God for his free gift of justification by grace bestowed on him: For this is the end of the Law indeed, whereby it ob­taineth of a man more obedience than any o­ther way.

The fourth thing requisite to evidence true faith is, the keeping of strait com­munion with Christ, the fountain of all grace and of all good works: holden forth, Iohn 15.5.

I Am the true vine, ye are the branches, he that abideth in me and I in him, the same bring­eth forth much fruit; for without me ye can do nothing.

Wherein Christ in a similitude from a vine tree teacheth us.

1. That by nature we are wild barren briers till we be changed by coming unto Christ, and that Christ is that noble vine tree having all life and sap of grace in himself, and able to change the nature of every one that cometh to him, and to communicate spirit and life to as many as shall believe in him: I am the vine [Page] (saith he) and ye are the branches.

2 That Christ loveth to have believers so united unto him, as that they be not separated at any time by unbelief: and that there may be a mutual inhabitation of them in him by faith and love, and of him in them, by his Word and Spirit, for he joyneth these together, if ye abide in me and I in you, as things inseparable.

3. That except a man be ingrafted in Christ and united to him by faith, he cannot do any the least good work of his own strength: yea, except in as far as a man doth draw spirit and life from Christ by faith, the work which he doth is naughty and nul in the point of goodness in Gods estimation, for without me (saith he) ye can do nothing.

4. That this mutual inhabitation, is the fountain and infallible cause of constant conti­nuing and abounding in well-doing. For he that abideth in me, and I in him (saith he) the same beareth much fruit. Now as our abiding in Christ presupposeth three things, 1. That we have heard the joyful sound of the Gospel ma­king offer of Christ to us who are lost sinners by the Law. 2. That we have heartily em­braced the gracious offer of Christ. 3. That by receiving of him we are become the sons of God, Iob. 1.12. And are incorporated into his Mystical body, that he may dwell in us as his temple, and we dwel in him as in the resi­dence of righteousness and life, So our abiding in Christ importeth other three things. [Page] 1. An imploying of Christ in all our addresses to God, and in all our undertakings of what­soever peece of service to him. 2. A content­edness with his sufficiency, without going out from him to seek righteousness or life, or fur­niture in any case, in our own or any of the creatures worthiness. 3. A fixedness in our believing in him, a fixedness in our imploying and making use of him, and a fixedness in our contentment in him, and adhering to him, so that no allurement, no tentation of Satan or the World, no terror nor trouble may be able to drive our spirits from firm adherence unto him; or from constant avowing of his truth and obeying his commands, who hath loved us and given himself for us: and in whom not only our life is laid up, but also the fulness of the God-head dwelleth bodily, by reason of the substantial and personal union of the Divine and Humane nature in him.

Hence let every watchful Believer, for strengthning himself in faith and obedience, reason after this manner.

WHosoever doth daily imploy Christ Iesus for cleansing his conscience and affecti­ons from the guiltiness and filthiness of sins against the Law, and for making of him to give evidence of true faith in himself.

But I (may every watchful believer say) do [Page] daily imploy Jesus Christ for cleansing my con­science and affections from the guiltiness and filthiness of sins against the Law, & for enabling of me to give obedience to the Law in love.

Therefore I have the evidence of true faith in my self.

And hence also let the sleepy and sluggish believer reason, for his own up-stirring thus.

Whatsoever is necessary for giving evidence of true faith, I must study to do it, except would deceive my self and perish.

But to imploy Christ Jesus daily for clean­sing of my conscience and affections from the guiltiness and filthiness of sins against the Law, and for enabling of me to give obedience to the Law in love, is necessary for evidencing of true faith in me.

Therefore this I must study to do, except I would deceive my self and perish.

And lastly, seeing Christ himself hath poin­ted this fourth as an undoubted evidence of a man elected of God unto life, and given to Jesus Christ to be redeemed, if he come unto him, that is, close Covenant and keep communion with him, as he teacheth us, Iohn 6.37. Saying, All that the Father hath given me, shall come to me, and him that cometh to me, I will in no wise cast out. Let every person who doth not in earnest make use of Christ, for remission of sin and amendment of life, reason hence, and from the whole premisses, after this manner, that his con­science may be wakned.

[Page]Whosoever is neither by the Law nor by the Gospel so convinced of sin, righteousness and judgment, as to make him come to Christ and imploy him daily for remission of sin and amendment of life, he wanteth not only all evidence of saving faith, but also all appearance of his election, so long as he remaineth in this condition.

But I (may every impenitent person say) am neither by the Law nor Gospel convinced of sin, righteousness and judgment, as to make me come to Christ and imploy him daily for remission of sin and amendment of life

Therefore I want not only all the evidence of saving faith, but also all appearance of my election, so long as I remain in this condition.

FINIS.

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