A DESCRIPTION Of the Five ORDERS of Columnes and Tearms OF ARCHITECTURE: According to the ancient Use and best Rules of the most eminent Italian Architects, viz. The Tuscan, Dorick, Ionick, Corinthian and Composite.
Drawn and Described (with great Care and Diligence) after the right Symmetry and Measure of Free Masons By HANS BLOOME.
For the Use and Benefit of Free Masons, Carpenters, Joyners, Carvers, Painters, Bricklayers; In general, for all that are Concerned in the famous Art of Building.
[...] LONDON [...]
An Alphabetical Table of the several difficult Words Explained.
- A
- A Stragulus a bottle and fillet in any part of the pillar.
- Abacus, the top of Ionicka, or Corinthian head.
- Annuli, or Apohiges, when three fillets come together, one under another.
- B
- Basis, all the moulding or foot of the pedestal.
- C
- Cimatium, that which some call in English an O. G.
- Canolicoli, are the Flutes in Trigliphi.
- Cornonix, all the moulding standing over the square of the Pedestal.
- Corona, a broad plinth in the cornish between two Cimatium.
- Contractura, the breaking of the pillar.
- Caulis, the coddes out of which the Helices grow in the Corinthian head.
- Deuticuli, a broad plinth in the cornish cut with dents.
- E
- Echinus, a bottle cut with edges.
- Epistilium, the Architrave.
- F
- Facia, a broad fillet whereof there are three in the Architrave.
- G
- Gutta, are drops sometime round, sometime in Triangle fashion.
- H
- Hipòtrachelium, the nack of the Capital.
- Helices, are the scrowles in the Corinthian head, being in number 8.
- I
- Icnographia, is the ground plat.
- L
- Licis, or Sima, the Cimatium turned upward.
- M
- Mutils, that which we commonly call in English a Cartouse.
- Modulus, half the thickness of the Pillar.
- P
- Plinthus, commonly called in English a plinth.
- Projectura, the sail of every moulding.
- R
- Regula, any small fillet.
- S
- Scapus, the body of the Pillar.
- Spira, the base of the Pillar.
- Stilobata, the Pedestal.
- Scotia a hollow casement.
- Supercilium, a small fillet in the top of the cornish.
- Semicanolicola, half Flutes on each side Trigliphi.
- Stria, the flat lying between the Flutes.
- T
- Torus, any bottle.
- Trigliphi, a kind of ornament in the frise.
- Trochilus, the same with Scotia.
- Tenia, the top of the Pillar.
- Trebeatio, the highest top of the Cornish.
- V
- Voluta, the Ionick scroul.
- Z
- Zophorus, the frise.
The whole height of this Pillar devide in 9 parts, giue 2 of those parts to Stilobata with Basis and vpper Cimatium deuide the 2 parts into 6, as you may see on the right side of Stilobata, 1 of ye 6 parts is for Basis Cimatium, 1 other to Stilobata Cimatium, deuided into 6 parts, the 4 remaining maketh ye square of the great Basse, crossed with 2 Diagonall lynes: In this great square is made a Circle, and observ: where ye Circle crosseth the Diagonall lynes, there make another Squave: in which square yu must make another Circle, whose circumference must touch the side of the said sqvare, being ye thicknesse of Scapi Cimatium, the space betweene ye 2 squares, is to be for the standing forth of the fore Scapi Cimatium; the last Square sqoken of, deuide into 8 parts giue 6 of those parts to another circle, which is the bignesse of Scapi at Tenia or top of ye Pillar, the great square Basis at Cimativm; devide into 7. parts, giue 1 to ye Proiectura of Basis Cimatium, as apeares on the left side, which also maketh the height of Cimatium aforesaid on the right side in 2 equall parts; 1 of these 2 deuide in 4 give the last of the 4. to Regula Basis; the first of the 4. deuide in 2. one of these parts is for the Small Regula vnder Sima or Lisis, then Sima it selfe will be made in a true Square,
Stilobata Cimatium deuide in 4 parts, one wherof giue Sima, 2 other to Plinthus, the last fourth part deuide in to 3, giue 2 for Astragulus. the other 2 are for Regula,
Scapi Cimatium, standing vpon Stilobata, whose height is one Modulus of the Pillar, deuide in 2 parts, as appeareth on the right side of Scapi Cimatium, one of which parts is for Plinthus, the other deuide in 3. giue Torus 2 and 1 to Regula,
The height of Scapus is 6 times the thicknesse of the Pillar with his Scapi Cimatium and Capitall, as you may see on the right side; the Capitall must be the same Modulus as is Scapi-Cimatium, which Modulus deuide in 3 parts, giue 1 to Abacus, another to Echinus, whose fourth part maketh Regula vnder Echinus: the last third part is for Hypotrachelium: [Page] [Page] which part of Hypotrachelyum deuide in 2, obserue the mark x one of these parts giue Tenia, that part of Thaideuide in 3. give 2 to Astragulus, the third to Regula, one 8 part of the thicknesse of Scapus must be the Proiectura of the Capitall and Tenia must be made in a true square,
Epistilium vpon the Capitall, is the same Modulus, which devide in 6 parts as appears on the right side, give 1 part to Sima being made true square, now for the left side, devide yt 1 part of Sima into 3. give 1 to Regula above Sima. the 2 for ye Cornish, ye other 5 deuide in 9 giue 5 parts to the vp̄er Facia, and 4 to the lower Facia,
Zophorus standeth vpon Epistilium, and is of the same height, The great Trabeatio standeth Vpon Zophorus of the same height also, So that from the top of the Capitall to the highest part of Trabeatio is 3 euen parts, such as is Scapi Cimatium, and his Proiectura must be as much as one of those parts,
Trabeatio deuide in 4 parts, the first of those devide in 3 parts, giue 1 to Regula and 2 to Sima; giue 2 other of those parts to Corona: and the last 4 parts deuide againe into 4, giue 3 to Torus, and one to Regula as appeareth on the right side,
Corona which containeth 2 parts in height, & of the same Proiectura deuide into eleven, giue, Regula 2, and 1 to Canaticulus, as appeareth on the lest side 3 of these may bee for the bredth and 3 such parts for the depth, the Contractura of Scapus you may make after this man̄er, deuide the pillar into 6 parts, betweene Tenia and Scapi Cimatium, vpon the second lower part, which is the third part of his height; make a circle to the outward part of Scapus, and obserue where the Circle crosseth the pricked lyne of one eight part of Scapus deuide in 4 parts vpon the side of ye said Circle, and drawing lines straight from side to side of the said Circle the lines are brought vp to Tenia for his Entasis,
This description of Tuscana hath the iust proportion in all parts which the Romans and Venetians vse▪
The whole height of this Pillar deuide in 8 parts as you may see on the left side; giue 2 of those parts for the height of Stilobata, those 2 parts deuide in 3 other parts, as appears on the right side of Stilobata; 1 of those parts is for the thicknesse of Scapus, and 7 such parts shall be the height of ye said pillar with Scapi Cimatiam and Capitall, & and so Scapus with Stilobata consisteth of 10, even parts, the thicknesse of Scapus deuide in 4 parts, marked with a ✚, 2 of these being ioy▪ with Stilobata maketh the bredth of 6. euen parts 2 such other Ioyned to Stilobata, maketh the whole bredth 8 parts
The height of Stilobata on ye left side, devide in 7 parts, giue 1 to the vpper Cimatium, another to Basis Cimatium of the other 5 parts, a square being made in ye bredth of Stilobata, deuid Basis Cimatium on the right side in 2 parts, giue 1 to Plinthus; devide ye other in 3 parts, giue Torus 2 and 1 to Regula, Basis Cimatium on the left side deuide in 2 parts, giue 1 to Plinthus, the other deuide in 2 parts, giue 1 to the lower Torus; deuide the other in 3 parts, giue 2 to ye vpper Torus and 1 to Regula, the Proiectura may be made squa; the Proiectura of both the Cimatium Containeth the 6th part of ye bredth of Stilobata, Stilobata Cimatium on the right side, deuide in 5 parts, giue 1 to Astragulus, 2 for Lisis, ye other 2 to Plinthus,
Stilobata Cimativm on ye left side deuide in 4 parts, wherof 1, is for Astragulus, 2 for Lisis the last for Plinthus,
Scapi Cimatium standing vpon Stilobata being one Modulus, deuid it in 3 parts, giue one to Plinthus, the 2 other deuide in 4 parts, giue 1 to the higher Torus, deuide ye 3 parts in 2, giue 1 to the lower Torus, the other deuide in 7, one is for ye lower Regula, another for the higher Regula, the 5 remaining giue troChilus the Regula of Scapus is made of the 28 part thereof, his Proiectura is square the Contractura of Scapus is spoken of in the Tuscane,
ye Capitall standing on the top of Scapus, being the same Modulus of Scapi Cimatium on ye left side, deuide in 3 parts, giue 1 to Zophorus, 2 to Echinus, the third to Quadra, ye halfe to Zophorus, giue Tenia, or top of Scapus; the lower 3 parts of Echinus shall be for Anulus [Page] [Page] In like man̄er ye third part of Quadra giue Sima & Regula, so that euery Proiectura may shew it selfe, Epistilium standing vpon ye Capitall being the same Modulus, divde in 7 parts on the left side giue 1 to Tenia, and is fitting ever as much as ye Contractura of Scapus,
Zophorus standing vpon Epistilium, containeth of 3 such parts as Epistilium hath 2 one of those 3 parts of Zophorus diuide in 3. giue 1 of those to Regula aboue the Trigliphus, which may be made after this manner, diuide the height from Epistilum to ye higher Regula afore said in 3 parts; 2 of those parts shall be ye bredth of Trigliphus, diuide 1 of these in 6 giue 1 to Facia 2 to plinthus, 2 to Simicanolicola, ye thicknesse is expressed in ye figure marked with 0/x vnder Trigliphus, there are 6 Gutta, the bredth of these being ye sixt part of Epistilium; the Regula from whence they hang, is the 4th part of one Gutta Coronix standing vpon Zophorus, is ye same height of Epistilium, which divide in 2 parts▪ diuide 1 of those in 4 giue 1 to ye lower Sima, 2 to Coronia, ye last 4 part to ye Sima aboue Coronix the other of those parts giue the great Sima, which divide in 7 give 1 to Regula aboue Sima, the measures on ye right side from the top of ye Capitall to ye highest part of Trabeationes, may be thus dispatched diuide Epistilium in 3 parts, 4 such parts giue Zophorus also 4 to Coronix, so that Epistilium Zophorus and Coronix Containes of 11 parts,
Zophorus diuide in 10 parts, give 1 to Regula aboue ye Trigliphus, the height of Coronix divide in 9 parts, giue 2 to ye two Facia, one to Echinus, 2 to Mutili, 2 to Corona, and 2 to Sima, the Mutili diuide in 3 parts, giue 1 to the small Sima aboue Mutili, also 1 to Sima aboue Corona the 2 lower parts giuen to Facia diuide in 6, giue 2 to ye lower Facia, and 3 to ye vpper Facia▪ the last to Regula vnder Echinus,
Mutiliis made after this manner, diuide Echinus in 6 parts from ye middle of the Collumne to ye outward part of the Capitall, giue 2 of those parts to Mutilus, and 3 such parts betweene the Mutilus. all the other parts be made square if you would round ye Collumne to make 24 Canalicolis you must make them in that manner set downe in the Icnographia,
The height of this pillar diuide in 7 parts, as appeares on the left side diuide one of those parts in 22, which is the bredth of ye lower Plinthus, giue 16 of those parts to ye thicknes of Scapus, the other sixe for the Proiectura of Basis Cimatium, 3 parts on either side,
The height of Scapus, with his Cimatium and Capitall, containes 8 Diameters, as you may obserue on the right side,
Basis being a Modulus of Scapus, diuide in 3 parts, giue 1 of those parts to Plinthus ye other 12 parts diuide in 7, giue 3 of those to ye vpper Torus, the 4 remaining diuide in 8, giue 2 of those parts to ye double Astragulus in the middle, halfe 1. of those parts for Regula, and the rest to Trochilus, as appeareth on the right side, marked with 3,
The Regula of the pillar being put to Torus, is the 24 part of Scapus, and ye Contractura of Scapus is the 12 part, as in the ground plat of Simatium is set downe,
The Capitall you may see moore at large here after, the Contractura of Scapus is made in this manner; diuide the pillar from Basis Cimatium vnto Tenia in 6 parts whereof 2 makes the third part where you begin Contractura; vpon the which lyne make a halfe Circle, and obserue where that Circle cutteth the 12 part of Scapus diuide aboue the bowe thereof within that twelue part in foure drawing lines from side to side of the said Circle as apeareth; these lines being made for Contractura, and drawne to every of these parts before diuided, this Pillar is broken perfectly,
Epistilium standing vpon the Capitall, being the same Modulus of Scapus Cimatium, deuide in 7 parts; giue 1 part to Sima, whose third part maketh Regula aboue Sima. the sixe remaining diuide in 12, giue 5 of those parts [Page] [Page] to the higher Facia, giue 4 to the middle Facia, the 3 last to ye lower Facia, as appeares in the figure marked with a ✚,
Zophorus standing vpon Epistilium of the same Modulus, diuide in 10 parts giue 1 to Sima vnder Dentilium, and 3 parts to Regula aboue Sima, being deuided on the right side,
Denticuly is of the same height of the middle Facia, marked with a ✚, and his Proiectura asmuch, which diuide in sixe parts appearing in the Quadrangle, giue 3 vnto his bredth, ye other 2 makes Denticuly: which Denticuly diuide in 6, giue 1 of those to Sima, and his 3 parts maketh Regula aboue Sima
Corona of the same height marked with the ✚, and his third part for Sim, Coronix being the highest part of the Collumne of the same measure marked with a ✚, diuide in 8 parts, giue 1 part to Regula aboue Sima, the other 7 for Sima; if you please to garnish the Pillar with Canaliculus, diude the Circumference into 24 parts, the fift of one such part maketh Stria and the other 4 Canaliculus,
This is the iust measure and proportion of this Pillar, which the most excellent Architecture, Marcus Vitruvius used at Rome and Corinth.
The Ionick made with Stilobata, devide the whole height into 14 parts, as you may see on the left side, of 3 parts make Stilobata, devide those 3 parts in to 8 as appears on the right side, giue one part to the lower Cimativm, and 1 part to the higher Cimativm of Stilobata, the 6 parts remaining are for ye height of Stilobata, and 4 for his bredth the second Cimatium on the right side is made after this manner: Basis Cimativm devide in 3 parts, giue 1 of those parts to Plinthus, 1 other to Sima: which devide in 6 parts, give Regula vnder Sima one of those parts, Regvla above Cima another part, the other 3 part devide in 2. give 1 of those parts to Torus, the 2 to trochilus: the third part of Torus maketh the Regvla vnder him; their Proiectura being the sixt part Stilobata, Stilobata Cimatium on the right side devide in 2 parts; the second deuide in 3 parts, giue 2 of those parts to Facia, and the third maketh Sima, the 3 part of Sima maketh Regula aboue Sima; the first part deuide in 4 giue 1 to Regvla vnder the lower Sima; ye other 3 devide in 6 parts, give 1 to Regula vnder Facia ye rest give Sima whose Proiectu is like Basis Cimatium on, the left side, devide in three parts, give 1 to Plinthus. the other 2 deuide in 5. give 3 to Sima, and 2 for Torrus, the lower 6th part of Sima maketh Regula, and the higher third part of Torus is Regula, whose Proiectura and also Stilobata Cimativm, is on the left side as afore said,
Scapi Cimatium, devide the bredth of Stilobata in 22 parts, 16 of those parts githe thicknes of Scapus; the 6 other parts give for the Proiectura of Scapi Cimatium, being 3 on each side; and giue 8 of those parts for ye whole height of Scapi Cimativm. which 8 devide in 3, giue 1 part to Plinthus▪ and the 2 remaining, devide in 3 give the last 3d part to Torus, devide the other 2 parts into 12 giue 2 of those parts to the middle Astragulus, and 1 to Regvla vnder Torus, and halfe one of those parts makes Regula aboue Astragulus; [Page] [Page] the Regula vnder Astragulus containeth 1 part, the Regula above Plinthus halfe a part: the rest for the 2. Trochilus appearing by the letter H.
The Contractura of Scapus, is shewed in the first Ionick, and the Capitall, you may see finished in ye great Capitall here after, whose height containes 8 Diameters▪ as appears on the right side, Epistilium, Zophorus & Coronix standing vpon the Capitall, whose height is 2 Diameters, of the 8 aforesaid; so the pillar with all his ornaments containeth of 10 Diameters, devide those 2 Diameters into 10 parts, as you may see on the right side, give 3 to Epistilium, 3 to Zophorus, and ye other 4 to the great Trabeationes,
Those 3 parts given Epistilium devide in 6, giue 1 part to Sima, whose third part give Regvla aboue Sima: the other 5 parts devide in 12 giue 3 to the lower Facia giue 4 to ye middle Facia & 5 to the third Facia; Zophorus as aforesaid, and is Eutasis taken from the triangle, as you may see in the figure: Coronix consisteth of 4 parts, deuided in 6 give the first to Denticulus, whose 4th part maketh Sima vnder Denticulus, ye second giue Echinus whose 4 part maketh Regula ynder Echinus, & 2 parts for Mutili, whose fift part maketh Sima ab [...] ve Mutili, being so high as ye bredth: giue 1 of those parts to Corona, whose 3 part maketh Sima aboue Corona ye last 6th part giue the higher Sima, whose 6th part maketh Regula; the Proiectura of Coronix is equall to his height,
The measures on the left side, for the great Trabeationes are thus devided; the 4 parts of Coronix afore said, devide in a. 11 parts, giue 1. to Sima, whose third part maketh Regula above him; giue 3 parts to Denticuly & Echinus the 4th part of Denticuly, giue Regula vnder Echinus; and ye 7 part of Echinus makes the Regula vnder Mutili; giue 3 of those parts to Mutili, and 2 for Corona, ye last 2 giue the higher Sima, which 2 parts devide in 6 giue 1 to Astragulus, 3 to Sima, the 2 last to Abacus; the Proiectura of the Mutili is twice his height, whose 5 part maketh Sima over himselfe & may be made hollow as you may see in the figure Scapus is garnished with 24
The whole height of this Pillar diuide in 8 parts, ye fift part of the vpper 8 part being taken away, all the measures may be seene in the figure on ye left side,
the first 8th part marked with the letters A.B. giue for the bredth of Plinthus; which divide in 22 parts, whereof giue 16 of those parts to ye thicknes of Scapus, and 8 of those parts for the Modulus of Basis Cimatium, the rest allow for ye Proiectura which is 3 of them parts on each side, as appeareth, the Basis Cimatium, with Scapus & his Capitall, must be 9 Diameters in height, as you may see in the figure on the left side, the Basis Cimatium being a Modulus of Scapus. diuide in 4 parts giue the first part to plinthus; ye 3 parts diuide in 5, giue 3 of those parts to ye higher Torus, but ye lower Torus is one fourth part more of ye 5 higher then the Vp̄er Torus, the space betweene ye two Torus, diuide in 12, giue 2 of those parts to the two Astrgulus, in ye middle, the 3 part of one 12 part makes Regula vnder ye higher Torus, and one halfe part, giue Regula aboue Astragulus, and the Regula Vnder Astragulus is equall to ye square, but Regula aboue the lower Torus is ye 2 third parts of one 12 part, the rest remaining maketh ye Vpper and lower Trochilus, but Regula aboue the higher Torus▪ is made of ye 24. part of Scapus and ye 12 part is for the Contractura of Scapus the Proiectura of these divisions is marked with ye letter R,
The Capitall placed on ye top of Scapus, being one Diameter in hight, ye said Diameter divide in 7, giue one of those parts to Abacus his Proiectura being to ye Basse, the ground plot of ye Capitall, the manner of his leaues & Voluta, you may see in the great Capitall following, in ye end of Scapus, Tenia hath ye 12 part of his height & Proiectura, his third part giue to his Regula, the Contractura of this Pillar is made after the first Ionick. but his Canaliculus in ye maner of the last Ionick; the first third part are filled with Baculus, as appears in ye figure, Epistilium standing vpon the Capitall, being one Modulus in height, whose 7 part giue to Sima; divide yt 7 into 3, giue 1, to Regula; 2 to Sima; diuide ye [Page] [Page] ye other 6 parts into 12, whereof giue 3 to the lower Facia, 4 to the middle Facia, and 5 to ye vpper Facia, the 8 part of ye vpper Facia maketh Astragulus vnder Facia, also the 8 part of mid Facia maketh Astragulus vnder him selfe as you may see in ye figure marked With ✚; Zophorus followeth ye height of Epistilium, being divided in 4 parts, 5 such parts is the height of the same Zophorus, which diuide in 8 parts aboue Zophorus, giue one such part to Sima. whose third part maketh Regula aboue Sima, Denticulus being of the same measure as the middle Facia marked with a ✚ his 7 part maketh Regula aboue Denticulus, and his Proiectura being square there manner of opening is shewed in the Ionick,
Echinus vpon Denticulus whose measure is the same of ye lower Facia mark-with ye letter O, the Corona vpon Echi being the same measure of the middle Facia deuide into 3 parts, giue one to Sima whose third part maketh his Regula aboue Sima; the great Sima of Trabeationes equall to ye middle Facia, marked with a ✚, diuide into 8, giue 1 of those parts to Regula aboue Sima, his Proiectura being square.
This is ye iust measure of this Pillar, Which the ancient Architects vsed at Corinthia, at Rome, at Venice and other places,
There are other Capitalls, which are put to these Collumnes of divers sorts, which doe take beginning from Corinthia Ionica, and Dorica,
The proportion of this Collumne is like vnto the former but it seemeth stronger & makes a fairer shew, the whole height must bee deuided into 9 parts as they appeare on the left side giue two parts to Stilobata, those 2 devide into 9. as you may obserue them on the left side of Stilobata Cimatium. the other 7 parts devide into 5 giue 3 for the bredth of Stilobata. which bredth deuide into 6 parts giue 4 of them parts for the Diameter of Scapus. the 2 other parts are for the proiectur or standing forth: and 2 such parts giue for the proiectura of Stilobata Cimatium or standing soote of ye same. one of the 9 parts aforesaid giue to Basis Cimatium, which deuide into 5 giue 2 of the said parts to Plinthus, the remainder deuide into 4, giue 1 part to ye lower Torus, 2 other to Cima, of his 5th part make Regula aboue Torus the last to Astrgulus, which 3d part makes Regula the Proiectura is as aforesaid, in the right side you may see,
The Stilobata Cimatium deuide into 2 parts. the first for Facia with Sima being his third part, likewise the 3d part of Sima maketh Regula, the other part devide into 4, giue 1 to the lower Sima. the other 3 devide in 2, giue 1 part to Echinus, the other to Facia, whose fourth part makes Regula vnder Echinus, his Proiectura, being the same as Stilobata, obserue the figure,
Scapus with his Scapi Cimatium and Capitall. being 9 Diameters in height shewed on the left side. one Modell of those allowe for Scapi Cimatium. whose measure is shewed in the first Corinthian pillar marked. R.
The Contractura of the pillar and ye and the measure of Tenia hath bin afore taught.
The Capitall is described at large in the great Capitall following.
[Page][Page]The Pillar may haue Baculus, as the former Corinthian; or Ionick with Canaticulus, Epistilium, Zophorus, and Coronix, placed on the top of the Capitall, being the fourth part of the height of Scapus shewed on the right side. deuide the said part into 10, giue 3 to Epistilium; whose measure is before receited in the first Corinthian: other 3 parts to Zophorus, the 4. to Coronix: which 4. devide into 9 giue 1 part to Sima aboue Zophorus. 2 to Echinus. 2 makes Mutili. 2 for Corona. and 2 for the vper Sima: deuide Echinus into 7 parts giue 2 to both Regulas. the fourth. part of Mutili. maketh the lesser Sima ouer the same and the fourth part of the highest Sima maketh the small Sima aboue Corona, also the sixt part of the greatest Sima, maketh the Vpper Regula, the Prolectura of Coronix may be square. the Mutili must be as broad as they are in height and as much distance as they hang over,
Devide Coronix into 5 parts on ye left side, giue 1 part to Echinvs his third part maketh Regula vnder Echinus; 2 is for the Mutili, 1 for Corona, and 1 for Sima. deuide ye Mutili into 8 parts, give 1 of those parts to the one part of Corona; whose third part maketh Sima over Corona.
The Facia of the Mutili shall bee square in height breadth and thicknes. the distance must be so much that the square of Corona may stand betweene, the sixt part of ye great Sima maketh Regula, the Proiectura is afore shewed
This Corinthian order hath just measure, it was found at Rome in the Temple called Maria Rotunda, or Panthon,
This Pillar is Comprehended of all the rest; and the best of ther ornaments,
His height deuide into 13 parts as you may obseru on the right side, giue 3 to Stilobata, deuide those 3 parts in to 10: one for Basis Cimatium and 1 for Stilobata Cimativm, giue 4 other of those parts to the breadth of Stilobata the sixt part thereof is for the Proiectura of the Basis, and 4 such parts for thicknes of Scapus, whose proiectura is equall to Stilobata, being of ye whole 6 parts: basis Cimatium deuid into 7 parts. giue 2 vnto Plinthus, 2 to Torus, and 2 vnto Sima; which 2 parts deuide into 6. giue 1 to Regula ouer Sima, and 1 to Regula beneath Sima, one of ye 7 parts giue Trochilus and the last 7th part giue Astragulus, whose third part maketh Regula beneath Astragulus; but the vpper Regula of Stilobata, must haue halfe the bredth of Astragulus: Stilobata Cimatium, devide into 5, giue 1 to Astragulus, whose third part maketh Regula: two maketh Hypotrachelium, which 2 deuide into 4, one maketh Regula aboue the said Hypotrachelivm. 2 maketh Corona: deuide those 2 into 3. giue 1 for Sima, whose third par maketh his Regula.
The left side of Stilobata Cimatium. devide in 7 parts. giue 1 to Astragulus, whose third part maketh Regula; 2 maketh HyPotrachelium, one maketh Echinus. and his third part maketh Regula beneath him, 2 parts to Corona, the last part to Sima, whose third part makes aboue him,
The Proiectura of euery one must be square like Scapus standing on Stilobata, whose Diameter afore said, his height with Scapi Cimatium, and Capitall are 10 Diameters as appears on the right side; the Contractua of Scapus being the twelfth parts of the same: The Capitall and Tenia are to be of the same measures as the Corinthian, or Ionick, [Page] [Page] The Canaliculus or Baculus may bee done in Scapus as the former Pillar sheweth the same Diameter as is vnder Tenia. Epistilivm being the height, his parts & manner of makeing you may see in the former Corinthian or on the left side of Zophorus with his Mutili doth follow Epistilium being of the same Diameter. which devide into 6 parts, give one part to Sima, whose third part maketh Regula above Sima, the Mutili is square, and are made hollow as appeares in the figure. and the space betweene the sqvare as you may see on the right side, Coronix of the same Diameter devid into 2 parts on the right side, give 1 part to Corona, the other part devide into 6. giue 1 to Echinus, 3 maketh Sima, the other 2 make Abacus: every part of the Coronix must be square, the measure on the Ieft side devide in two. the fifth part of those 2 devide into 4, giue 3. of those parts to Corona, and 1 to Sima over Corona. whose third part makes Regula aboue himselfe, the other second part deuide into 7 whereof giue 6 to great Sima, and one other part to the vpper Regula, and euery part made squar. for to make Sima, observe the figures marked with the letters A. B. C. This sort of Collumne is in the Amphithiater at Rome
The Basse of Scapus being made with Tenia, as it was set downe in the first Corinthian order, the Capitall one diametr in his height: which height deuide into 7 parts, giue one part to Abacus, with the flower marked with the letter D, the third part thereof giue Torus, and the Proiectura thereof is equall to the outward part of Basis Stilobata: but Facia vnder Abacus is halfe of yt 7th part aforesaid, and doth hang ouer equall with Regula aboue the lower Torus of the Basse.
The middle Voluta hath a Circle, or rowling about of one part, but the corner turning hath 2 parts. how to make ye leaues and Voluta, is set downe in the figure: the lyne brought from Abacus to Tenia, doth shew the Proiectura of Helicis or leaues.
In the ground plot of the Capitall, you shall make a Circle on the top, of the bignes of the Pillar at Tenia: without yt Circle make another equall to Scapus at the Basse: and to that Circle make a square, and to that make another Circle hanging ouer to the Regula aboue the lower Torus aforesaid. to that Circle make a square also. which must be the square of the Capitall. cutting ouer ye square from corner to corner two Diagonall lynes. marked with the letter A.
Abacus at the corners may hang ouer, to the outward square of the Basse, and the lesser rowles as much as you may see in the figure with pricked lynes, in the compassing of Abacus set the foote of your compasse in the bredth of the outward square: and make a triangle, which shall cut the Circle in as great space as the flower is square: as you may see finished in the figure.
By the councell of all Architects, which haue had diuers and sundry wayes for ye same, haue fully agreede and brought to perfection these orders called. Tuscan, Dorick, Ionick, Corinthian, and Composite, standing one aboue the other, and euery one to bee shorter by the fourth part in height and breadth, and there be distributed as in ye Ichnographia before taught,
Stilobata Cimatium being made as before taught, Scapus being deminished the 6th part of his thicknesse, halfe the breadth of the lower Scapus, deuide into 9, as they appeare by the figures on the top of the Capitall: devide one of the 9 parts in 2, giue one halfe part to Abacus, for his bredth and proiectura: giue Sima one of the 9 parts, whose proiectvra is as much: from that part of Sima begin, and set downe the 9 parts as: they were on the top of the Capitall, in order as they appeare on the right side: Sima hauing one of them, Trochilus 2, and Echinus 2: the sixt part devide in 4 parts one of those is for Regula aboue Astragulus, one other part for Regua vnder Astragulus: the other 2 parts make Astragulus it selfe, the last 3 parts giue for the Modulus of Voluta,
The Proiectura of Voluta being equall with the outward part of Scapi Cimatium, or Basse of the Pillar: being rowled or compassed about in this manner: in the middle of Voluta make a little round compasse, the bignesse of one of ye 9 parts afore said: that circle deuide into 6 parts, and let fall a perpendiculer lyne through the middle of the said Circle: then set the foote of your Compasse in the place where the figue 1. standeth, and turne a Circle [...] vntill it doth reach the perpendiculer lyne, remooue the foote of your Compasse againe to the figure 2, makeing that your Center, and the other foote where you left, and turne another halfe Circle, which shall stay at the place, touching your perpendiculer lyne: thus remoouing the foote of your compasse to the place where the figures stand before your Centers, you shall bring about halfe Circles, Vntill you haue finished your Voluta scrole, apearing in the figure marked with 7 Centers, which Voluta being so made, Echinus with Astragalus may bee made square as you may see in the figure marked with H, the edges of Echinus haue roundnes of the halfe Circle, and deuide in 6 parts as the figure sheweth: there is added to Hypotrachelium 4 such parts as be in the 9, so that ye whole height of ye Capitall is 13 parts and a halfe, and being in [...] [...]