¶How ye shal demeane you in takyng of haukes & with what instrumentes, & how you shall call them.

WHo wyl take haukes: he must haue nettes which bene called vrynes, & those must be made of good smal threde, and it had nede be dyed eyther grene or blewe for espyeng of the hauke. And he must take wyth hym ne­dle and threde to ensyle the hawkes that bene taken. And in this maner they must be ensiled. Take the nedle and threde: and put it through the ouer eye lyd and so [Page] of that other, & make them fast vnder the becke that she see not. Then she is ensyled as she ought to be. Som vse to ensyle them with the nether eye [...]yd aboue the becke on the head almoste, but that is y ^e worst way. For of [...]ea­son the ouerlyd closeth more iustlye then the neyther, bycause of the largenesse, when she is ensyled: beare her home on thy fyst and cast her on a perche, & let her stande there a nyght and a daye. And on that other day towarde nyght take and cutte easely the thredes and take them a­waye softely for breakyng of the eye lyddes. Then lofte and fayre begyn to fede her, & deale easely with her ti [...] she wyll syt vpon thy fyst. For it is dred for hurtyng of her winges. And then the same night after the feding: wa [...] her all nyght, and on the morow all day, then she wyll b [...] preuy ynough to bee reclaimed. And the fyrst meate tha [...] she shall eate: let it be hote, and geue her ynough therof.

¶How your hauke maye be drawen to reclaime and the maner of her dyet.

ANd if your hauke be harde penned, she may be dra­wen to be reclaimed. For all the while that she is tendre penned: she is not able to be reclaymed. And yf she be a goshauke or tercell y ^t shall be reclaimed: euer feed her with washt meate at the drawyng, and at the re­claiming. But looke it be hote, and in this maner washe it. Take y ^e meate & go to the water, & strike it vp & down in the water, & wryng the water out, & fede her therwyth and she be a braūcher. And if it be an eyes: ye must wash the meat cleaner then ye doo to a braūcher, & with a lyn­nen clothe wype it and feed her. And euer more the thyrd daye geue her casting when she is fleeing, if she be a gos­hauke or tercel in this maner. Take new blanket clothe and cut fyue pellettes therof an ynche longe, and take [Page] fleshe and cut fyue morcelles. And with a knyues point make an hole in euerye morcell, and put therin the pel­lettes of clothe. And take a fayre dyshe with water & put them therin. Then take the hauke and geue her a morsel of hote meat the quantitie of half her supper. Then take that that lyeth in the water and feed her for all night.

¶How you shall feed your hauke and know her infirmy­ [...]ies and there be many diuerse of them.

IF your hauke be a sparehauke, euer feed her with vn­washed meate, & looke that her castyng be plumage. Then looke it be clene vnder the perche. And on the next day ye shal finde the casting vnder the perche, and therby ye shall know whether y ^e hauke be clene or not. For som pece wyl be yelow, & some greene, & some glaymous, and som clere, & if it be yelow: she engēdreth the froūce, which is an euill that wil ryse in the mouth or in the cheke, & yf it be greene: she engendreth the rye, the condicion of this euil is this. It wil arise in y ^e head & make y ^e head to swel & in the eyen glemous & darke, & but it haue helpe it wyl downe into the legges & make the legges to rancle, & yf it goe fro the legges into y ^e head again: thy hauke is but lost, & if it be glaimous & roping: she engendreth an euyll called the cray, that is when an hauke may not muteise.

¶Marke well your medicines heare folowyng.

¶A medecine for the frounce in the mouthe.

Take a syluer spoone & put the smal ende in the fyre tyl it be hote. Thē let holde the hauke, & open her beake & bren the sore, & anoynt it with y ^e mary of a goose y ^t hath laine longe, & she shalbe whole. And if y ^e frounce be wexed as greate as a nutte: then is therin a grubbe, which ye shal cut wyth a raser in this maner. Let holde the hauke and slyt the place where the sore is, & ye shall fynde therin as [Page] it were the mawe of a pygeon, take it out al whole, & take a payre of sheres & nit the hole of the sore and make it as fayre as ye may with a linnen clothe, and wype clene the bloud awaye, & anoynt the sore with bawme foure dayes suyngly, and afterward with pampilion tyl it be whole.

❧How the frounce commeth.

❧The frounce commeth when a man fedeth his hauke with porke or cattes fleshe foure dayes together.

❧How the rye commeth.

❧For defaut of hote meat this sicknes the rye cometh.

❧How the cray cometh.

❧The cray cōmeth of wasshed meat whiche is washed with hote water in the defaute of hote meat. Also it com­meth of thredes which ben in the fleshe that the hauke is fed with. For though ye picke the flesh neuer so clene yet ye shall fynde thredes therin.

❧When your hauke shall bathe her.

☞And euermore eche third daye let your hauke bathe her duryng the sommer, if it be fayre wether. And once in a weke in wynter yf it be fayre wether & not els. And whē ye bathe your hauke: euer geue her a morsell of hote meat vnwashed, though she be a goshauke.

❧How ye may cause your hauke to flee with a cou­rage in the mornyng.

❧If ye wil y ^t your hauke flee in y ^e morning tide: feed her the night before w ^t hote meat, & washe the same meat in vryne, & wryng out y ^e water clene, & that shal make her to haue lust & courage to flee in y ^e morning in y ^e best maner.

❧How you shall guyde you yf youre hauke be full gorged and ye wolde soone haue a flyght.

❧If your hauke be full gorged and that ye wolde soone vpon haue a flight: take foure cornes of whete and put [Page] them in a morcell of fleshe, & geue the same morcelles to the hauke, and she wyl cast anon all that she hathe wyth in her. And anon after that she hathe cast: looke that ye haue a morcell of hote meat to geue her. And yf youre hauke be ouergorged: geue her the same medicine.

❧A medicine for the rye

❧Take dasye leues and stampe them in a morter and wryng out the iuyce, and with a pen put it in the haukes nates once or twise whē the hauke is small gorged. And anon after let her tyre, and she shalbe whole as a fyshe. Or els take percelye rootes and serue her with them in the same maner, and when she tyreth: holde rewe in your hande with the tyryng, and that shall make her voyde. But it is peryllous to vse it often that the iuyce fall ne spryng in to her eyen.

❧Also and you geue youre hauke freshe butter or mary of hogges that is in the bone of the but of porke, it shall make her to cast water well at the nares, & it wil keep the nares open. But it wyl make her hawtaine and proude.

❧A medecine for the cray, and more f [...]lowe.

❧Take & chaufe with your handes the foundament of your hauke with warme water a longe tyme. And after that take the poudre of saxyfrage, or elles the poudre of rewe, and a quantitie of maye butter, and tempre it well together tyl they ben euen medled. Then put it in a lytle boxe and stoppe it fast. And as oft as ye feed your hauke an whole mele: annoynt her meat a lytle therwith, and that shall make her to loue meat the better for loue of the oyntment. And it shall saue her from the cray and from many other sickenesses that gendre oft in a hauke.

❧Also take the hote harte of an hogge or a pygge & feed her two dayes therwith, and she shalbe whole.

[Page] ❧Also take porke & we [...]e it in hote mylke of a cowe, & feed the hauke therwith, & that shall make her muteyse at the best wyse. And porke with the mary of the bone of the butte of porke shall make her muteyse, & feed her wyth bothe togyther. Also vse her to freshe butter, and it wyll doo the same. Also one mele or two at the moste of the hote lyuer of a pygge shal make her muteyse wel. Be­ware geue her not to great a gorge therof, for it is a pe­ryllous meate. Also take the white of an egge, & labour the same in a sponge as well as ye wolde make glayre for red ynke tyll it be like water. Put the same in a vessel and let the meate that shalbe for her supper lye and stepe therin all the daye before, and that nyght feed her ther­with. And that whiche shall be for her dyner in the mor­nyng let it lye all the nyght, but in any wyse looke that ye haue alwaye freshe glayre, and yf her fedyng be porke it is the better, that is proued▪

¶The kyndely termes that belonge to haukes.

IN the begynnyng of kyndlye speche of the termes that belong vnto haukes: heere mai ye finde them, ❧The fyrst is holde fast at all tymes, & specially when she bateth. It is called batyng for she bateth w ^t her selfe moste often causelesse. The second is rebate your hauke to your fyst, and that is whē your hauke bateth, the least meuing y ^t ye can make w ^t your fyst she wil rebate againe on your fyst. The thyrd is, feed your hauke, and not geue her meate. The .iiii. an hauke suyteth or sueth hrr beake and not wypeth her becke. The .v. your hauke souketh and not slepeth. The .vi. your hauke proyneth, & not pyc­keth, & she proineth not but whē she beginneth at her leg­ges, & fetcheth moysture lyke oyle at her tayle, and baw­meth [Page] her feete, and shaketh the fethers of her wynges through her beake. And it is called the note, when that she fetcheth suche oyle. And ye shal know that an hauke wolde not be let of her proyning. For at suche time as she proyneth: she is lykyng and lusty, & when she hath doon: she will rouse her mightely. And sometyme youre hauke countenaunceth as she pycketh her, and yet she proyneth not. And than ye must saye, she refourmeth her fethers, and not pycketh her fethers. The .vii. youre hauke coly­eth, and not becketh. The .viii. she rouseth, and not sha­keth herselfe. The .ix. she streyneth, and not claweth ne scratcheth. The .x. she mātelleth, and not stretcheth whē she putteth her legges from her one after an other, & her wynges folowe her legges, than she dothe mantell her. And whan she hath manteled her and bryngeth both her wynges together ouer her back, you shal say your hauke warbelleth her wynges. And that is one terme due ther­fore. The .xi. ye shal sai your hauke mutesseth or muteth, & not shyteth. The .xii. ye shall say cast your hauke vpon the perche, and not set vp youre hauke vpon the perche.

☞Heere ye shall vnderstande furthermore other ma­ner of termes that belonge vnto haukes for to com­mende them for dyuerse of their properties.

FYrst ye shall saye, this is a fayre hauke, an huge hauke, a longe hauke, a short chicke hauke, and saye not this is a greate hauke. Also ye shall saye, this hauke hath a large beake or a short beake, & not cal it bil. An huge head, or a small head fayre seasoned, ye shall say your hauke is full gorged, and not cropped, & your hauke putteth ouer and endueth, and yet she doth both diuersly.

❧How your hauke putteth ouer.

An hauke putteth ouer when she remoueth the meat from her gorge into her bowels, and thus ye shal know it when she putteth ouer: she trauerseth with her bodye, & specially w ^t her necke as a craue doth or an other byrde.

❧When ye shall say endueth and enbowelled.

An hauke endueth neuer as longe as her bowels ben full at her fedyng. But as soone as she is fed and resteth she endueth lytle and lytle, and yf her gorge be wyde and the bowell in any thyng styffeth, ye shall saye she is em­bowelled, and haue not fully endued, and as longe as ye may fynde any thing in her bowels: it is ryght peryl­lous to geue her any meat.

❧Marke well these termes folowyng.

Say an hauke hath a longe wyng, a fayre longe taile with .vi. barres out, and standeth vpon the seuenth. This hauke is enter [...]enned, that is to saye when the fe­thers of the winges ben betwene the body & the thighes This hauke hathe an huge legge, or a flatte legge, or a rounde legge, or a fayre e [...]seted legge.

¶To knowe the mayle of an hauke.

Haukes haue white maile, cāuasmaile, or red mayle▪ And some call redde mayle yren mayle, whyte mayle is soone knowen. Cāuasmaile is betwene white maile and yren mayle, and yren mayle is very red.

❧Plumage and cast your hauke.

A Goshauke nor Tercell in theyr sore age haue not their mailes named, but is called their plumage, & after the cote: it is called their maile, and if your hauke reward to any foule by countenaūce for to flee therto: ye shal say cast your hauke therto, and not flee therto.

❧Nomme or seased.

And yf your hauke nomme a foule, & the foule breake awaye fro her, she hathe disconfyte manye fethers of the [Page] foule & is broken away, for in kyndely speche ye shal say your hauke hath nōmed or seased a foule, & not taken it.

❧Wherfore an hauke is called a ryfeler.

And oftentymes it happeth manye a hauke for egre­nesse when she should nomme a foule he seaseth but the fethers. And as oft as he doth so he rifleth, therfore such haukes ben called ryfelers, yf they doo oft so.

❧How ye shall name the membres of your haukes in conuenable termes.

NOowe ye shall vnderstande the names of the mem­bres of haukes, to begyn at theyr feete, and goe vp­warde, as knyghtes ben harneysed and a [...]med so we shall enaime her.

❧Talons.

Fyrst the great cleis behynde that stryneth the backe of the hande, ye shall call them talons.

¶Pounces.

The cleis w ^tin the fote ye shal cal a right her poūces.

¶Longe sengles.

But cectainly the cleis that are vpon the midle stret­chers ye shall call the long sengles.

❧Petye sengles.

And the vttermoste cleis ye shal call [...]he pety sengles.

❧The key or closer.

Understande ye also y ^t the long sengles ben called the key of the foote, or the closer. For what thing soeuer it be that your hauke streineth: is vpon y ^e sengle, & al y ^e foote is therupon, for y ^e strength therof fortifyeth all the foote.

❧Setes of watry or waxy colour.

Also vnderstande ye that the skyn about your haukes legges & her feet is called y ^e setes of her legges & her feet whether they ben watry hewed or waxy colour yelowe.

❧The beme fethers, ful sūmed, full fermed and re­claymed.

AN hauke hath twelue fethers vpon her tayle, and one pryncypall fether of the same in the myddes, & in maner all the other are couered vnder the same fether, and that is called the beme fether of the taile. And there goeth black barres ouerwhart the tayle. And those same barres shall tell you when she is full summed or full fermed. For when she is full barred: she standeth vp­on seuen and then she is perfyte redy to be reclaymed.

❧Ye shall vnderstande that as longe as an hauke stan­deth vnder the nūbre of seuen barres, & she be in her sore age: it must be said that she is not full sūmed. For so long she is but tendre pēned, whether she be braūcher or eyes. And yf she be a mewed hauke & stande within seuen bar­res: ye shall say she is not ful fermed. For she is not able to be reclaymed bycause she is drawen to soone out of the mewe for she is hard penned no more then a sor [...] hauke.

¶Brayles or braylfethers degouted.

¶To know furthermore of haukes. An hauke hath lōg smale whyte fethers hangyng vnder the tayle from her bowell downwarde. And the same fethers ye shal cal the brayles, or the brailfethers. And comūly euery goshauke and euery tercelles brayles ben disprenged wyth blacke speckes lyke armyns. And for al that they ben accounted neuer the better. But and a sparehauke be so armyned vpon the brayles, or musket: ye shall say, she is degouted to the vttermost brayle, & muche it betokeneth hardynes.

¶Brest fethers, plumage, barbe fethers, pendaunt fethers.

❧The fethers aboutt the former parties of an hauke ben called brest fethers, & the fethers vnder the wynges [Page] are plumage. The fethers vnder the beake ben called the barbe fethers. And the fethers that ben at the ioynte at the haukes knee: they stande hangyng and sharpe at the endes, those ben called the pendaunt fethers.

¶Flagge or flagges fethers.

¶The fethers at the wynges next to the bodye be called the flagge or flagges fethers.

❧Beme fethers of the wyng sercell.

❧And the long fethers of the wynges of an hauke ben called beme fether of y ^e wyng. And the fethers that some call the pynion fether of an other foule: of an hauke it is called the sercell. And ye shall vnderstande yf an hauke be in mew, the same sercell shalbe the last fether that she wyl cast, & tyl that be cast: she is neuer mewed, yet it hath ben seen y ^t haukes haue cast y ^e same fyrst as I haue heard say, but the other rule is generall. And whē she hath cast her sercelles in mewe: then and no sooner it is time for to feed her with washt meat, & to begyn to ensayme her.

❧Ensayme.

❧Ensayme of an hauke is the grece. And but yf that be take awaye wyth feding of washt meat and otherwise: as it shalbe declared heerafter, she wyll gendre a panell which may be her vttermoste confusion, and she fl [...]e ther­with and take bloud and colde therupon.

¶Couertes or couert fethers.

❧There ben also fethers that close vpon the sercelles, and those same ben called the couertes or y ^e couert fethers and so all the fethers ben called that ben nexte ouer the long beme fethers are the sagge fethers vpō y ^e wynges.

❧Backe fethers.

❧The fethers vpon the back halfe ben called the backe fethers.

❧Beake, Clap, Nares, Sete.

❧The beake of y ^e hauke is the vpper parte y ^t is croked.

[Page] ❧The nether parte of the beake is called the clap of the hauke.

¶The holes in the haukes beake ben called the Nares.

¶The yelowe betwene the beake and the eyen is called the sere.

❧Crynettes.

¶There ben on an hauke long small black fethers like heres about the sere, and those same be called crynettes of the hauke.

❧Sore age.

Ye shall vnderstande that the fyrst yere of an hauke, whether she be a brauncher or eyesse, that fyrst is called her sore age. And all that yere she is called a sore hauke, for and she escape that ye [...]e with good fedyng she is like­lye to endure longe.

❧To reclayme an hauke.

IF ye wyl reclaime your hauke, ye must departe one mele into three meles vnto the tyme that she wyll come to reclayme. And whan she will come to rec [...]aime, encrease her meles euery daye better and better. And or she come to the reclayme, make her that she sore not, for though she be wel reclaimed it may hap that she wil sore so high into the ayre that ye shal neither see nor finde her And yf your hauke shall flee to the partryche, looke that ye ensayme her or she flee, whether she be braūcher or ey­esse or mewed hauke.

☞When an hauke is called an eyesse.

An hauke is called an eyesse fro her eyē. For an hauke that is brought vp vnder a bussarde or pu [...]tock as many ben haue watry eyen. For whan they ben dysclosed and kept in ferme till they be full summed: ye shall knowe that by theyr wratry eyen. And also her looke wil not be so quycke as a braunchers is. And so bycause the best [Page] knowledge is by the eye, they be called eyesses. Ye maye also knowe an eyesse by the palenesse of the seres of her legges or the sere ouer the beake, and also by the taintes that ben vpon her tayle ond her winges, whiche tayntes come for lacke of fedyng whan they ben eyesses.

¶What a taint is.

A taint is a thing that goeth ouerthwart the fethers of the winges and of the tayle like as it were eaten with wormes. And it begynneth fyrst to breed at the bodye in the penne. And that same penne shall frete a sondre and fal away through the same taynt, and than is the hauke disparaged for all that yere.

❧Medecines to ensayme your hauke.

Take the roote of ras [...]e and put it in clene water and lay your flesh therin to tempre a great whyle, and geue it to youre hauke to eat, and yf she eat therof: dred not but it shall abate her grece. But within three dayes she shal not greatly abate.

Also take Pulyall and garlyke and stampe it wel to­gether, and wryng out the iuyce in a dysshe, and than wet the fleshe therin, and feed your hauke therwith and but it tempre your hauke, that is to saye, ensayme youre hauke within foure dayes: I meruaile. But looke euerye daye that ye make newe iuyce, and whan ye feed her wet youre meat therin. Also take iuyce of Mercely mores, o­therwyse called percely rootes, and the same of Ysope, and wasshe youre fleshe therin, and your hauke shall be ensaymed kyndly, and no great abate to the hauke.

Some vse to lay theyr fleshe in water almoste a daye and geue the same to the hauke at supper. And that lyeth all nyght to geue to her in the morning, and thus to feed them in mewe or they ben drawen about a moneth or .vi wekes, and to ensayme them or they come on fyst, & as [Page] soone as they cast theyr sercell: then is the tyme to fee [...] them so.

❧How your hauke ensaymeth.

❧Understande ye for cer [...]ayne that as longe as youre haukes feete ben blackyshe and rough: she is ful of grece and euer as she ensaymeth, her feete wyll waxe yelowe and smothe.

❧How you shall gyde you when your hauke is re­dye to flee, and ye shal say put vp the partryche.

WHen ye haue ensaymed your hauke and reclaymed her, and that she is redy to flee to the partryche: ye must take a partryche in your bagge & goe into the feeld, and let your spanyelles fynde a couy of partryches. And when they ben vp & begyn to scatter: ye must haue mar­kers to some of them and then couple vp your spaniels, for when ye haue so doone: let some felowe of yours pry­uely, take the partryche out of your bagge, and tye it by the legge wyth a cryaunce, and cast it vp as high as ye can. And as soone as the hauke seeth her: she wyll flee therto, and if your hauke sease the partryche aboue, geue her a rewarde therupon, & goe after that by l [...]yser to the partryche that ben marked, and doo as I shall tell you heere folowyng. If ye haue a chastysed spanyell that wyl be rebuked & is a retryuer: vncouple him & no mo of your spaniels, & go to a single partryche of y ^e couy so sparcled, and be as nigh as ye can to the rysing therof, & yf youre hauke desyre: cast her to, & if she take it thē is your hauke made for that yere, & of the same partriche that she sleyth thus ye must rewarde her as it sheweth heere folowyng.

❧How ye shall rewarde your hauke.

¶Take a knife and cut the head & the neck frō the body of the partryche, and stryppe the skynne awaye from the necke, & geue the same to the hauke, and couer the bodye [Page] of the foule with a bonet or w ^t an harte, and lay the sayd head & the necke therupon, [...] yf she wyll forsake the foule that she plumeth on & come to the reward: than pryuelye take away the partryche, & rewarde your hauke with the brayne & the necke. Beware that she eat no bones, for that is euill to endewe, and it wyll make her vnlusty for to flee, & thus must ye serue her of as many as she sleyth, but let her rewarde be the lesse, for elles she may be soone ful gorged, and then she maye flee no more a great while.

❧How your hauke shall reioyce.

☞And whan your hauke hath slaine a foule, & is rewar­ded as I haue sayd: let her flee in no wise tyll she hath re­ioyced her, that is to say, till she hath sewed or suyted her becke, or els row [...] her. And whan she hath doon any of these, or all: goe & retryue more, & she wil nomme plenty.

❧Whan your hauke hath nomme a foule, howe ye shall [...]oo that ye rebuke not the hauke.

Lerne wel one thyng, and beware therof, whan youre hauke hath nomme a partryche, stande a good waye of, & come not to nygh her, and dryue a waye your spaniels for rebuking of her. For many haukes loue no spaniels, and also manye spaniels will [...]enym them theyr game from theyr fote, & that is right perillo [...]. And while your hauke plumeth: come softely towarde her alwaye nere and nere. And yf she leue pluming and looke vpon you: stande styl and cherke her, and whystell her vntil she plume againe▪ And thus serue her tyll ye be ryght nigh her. Than softe and leyserly fall vpon your knees, and pryuely while she plumeth: set your hande and be sure of the gesse, and than ye maye gyde all thinges as ye wil. And if ye doo the cō ­trary: she wyl for feare cary her game, or let it goe quicke and that is but losse to you and to your hauke also.

❧A medecine to make an hauke to cast that is ac­combred with castyng within her body.

❧Take the iuyce of Salendine, and wet a morcell of fleshe therin to the quantitie of a nutte. And geue that morcell to the hauke, and that shall make her for to cast her olde castyng, and the hauke shalbe safe.

❧A medecine for an hauke that wil sore.

☞Washe the fleshe that your hauke shall be fed with, in iuyce of fenell, & that shal take awaye the pryde fro her, & make her leue her soring whether she be lene or fat, and many times an hauke wil sore whē she lacketh bathing.

❧A medecine for an hauke that is lousye.

❧Take quicke syluer and put it in a basen of brasse, & put therto salendyne, & ashes, and medle it well together tyll the quicke syluer be dead. And medle therto farte of bones, and anoynt the hauke therewyth. And hange it about her necke tyll it fall away, and it shal slee the lyce. Also poudre of orpement, blowen vpon an hauke wyth a penne, wyl slee the lyce.

❧Also take a dagon or a pece of rugh blāket vnshore & holde it to the fyre vnto the time it be throughout warme, and wrappe the hauke therin. And then holde her softely and stylly for hurtyng of youre handes▪ and the vermyn wyll crepe into the clothe. Also holde her in the sonne on a fayre daye and ye shall see the vermyn crepe out vpon the fethers. Then take a knyfe and wet the one syde of y ^e blade therof with your mouth. And alway as they ap­peare lay the wet syde of the knyfe to them, and they wil cleaue therto▪ and then ye may slee them.

❧The opynion of Ostregyeres.

After the opinion of many ostregyers▪ & ye feed youre hauke continually w ^t porke, w ^t iayes, w ^t pyes, or in espe­cially beare her muche in rayny wether, she shalbe lousy.

❧Ostregers, Speruiteres, Faukeners.

Now bicause I speake of ostregiers, ye shal vnderstād y ^t thei ben called ostregiers y ^t keep goshaukes or tercels & those y ^t keep sparehaukes & muskettes, ben called sper­uiters, & kepers of al other haukes are called faukeners

❧The length of the gesse, sewes, tyrettes, and how they be fastened, and bewettes.

❧Haukes haue about theyr legges gesses made of le­ther moste comōly, some of silke which should no lenger but that the knottes of them should appere in y ^e myddes of the left hande betwene the longe fynger and the leche fynger bicause the lewnes should be fastened to thē with a payre of tyrettes, whiche tyrettes should rest vpon the lewnes and not vpon gesses, for hangyng and fastyng vpon trees when she fleyth, & those same lewnes ye shal fasten them vpon your lytle fynger slacklye, in compas­syng the same in foure or fyue folde as a bow stryng vn­occupyed. And the tyrettes serue to keep her from wyn­dyng when she bateth. Also the same lethers that ben put in her belles to be fastened about her legges, ye shall call bewettes.

❧Creaunce.

☞Also ye shall call the longe lyne, that ye doo call your hauke to reclaime with, your creaunce, whatsoeuer it be.

❧A medecine for an hauke that wyll cast fleshe.

Put the fleshe that your hauke shall eat in fayre wa­ter, and feed her therwith three dayes, and she shal holde her fleshe in the best wyse.

❧A medecine for an hauke y ^t hath lost her courage.

❧An hauke y ^t hath lost her courage a man may knowe yf he wyll take good heed. For such is her maner, when she is cast to a foule she fleyth awayward as though she [Page] knew not the foule. Or els she wil flee a lytle way after and anon she geueth it vp, & for suche an hauke this is a good medecine. Take oyle of spaine and tempre it wyth clere wine and with the yolke of an egge, and put therin beefe, and therof geue to your hauke fyue morcelles, and then sette her in the sonne, and at euen feed her wyth an olde hote cuiuer, and if ye feed her thus three times: that hauke was neuer so lusty nor so iolye before as she wyll be after, and come to her owne courage. Other make poudre of melees that stinke, and put the poudre on the fleshe of a Pecocke, and meddle the bloud of a Pecocke a­mong the poudre, and make her to eat the fleshe.

❧A medecine that an hauke shall not lye in mew for vnlustynesse.

Take ferne rootes that groweth in an oke and oke apples, and make iuice of them and wet her fleshe therein and feed the hauke three tymes or foure, and that shall make her to leue that.

❧A medecine for an hauke that hath the tayne.

An hauke that hath the tayne a man may soone knowe yf he take heed, for thys is her maner, she wyl pant more for one batynge then other for foure, and yf she shoulde flee a litle while: she should almoste lese her brethe, whe­ther she be fatte or leane, & alway she maketh heuy che [...]e and for that, this is the medecine. Take a quantytye of the rednes of hasyll, wyth the poudre of rasene of peper and somwhat of gynger, and make therof in fresh grece three pellettes and holde the hauke to the fyre, and when she feleth the heate: make her swalow the three pellettes by strength, and knyt fast her beake that she cast it not out, and doo so thryes, and she shalbe safe.

Also take rasne and rubarbe and grinde it to gither & [Page] make iuyce therof, and wet the fleshe therein, and geue it her to eat and she shalbe whole.

Also take Alisander and the roote of prymeroses, and the roote of grognauiles, and sethe them all in butter of a cowe, and geue her three morcelles euery day vnto the tyme that she be whole, & looke that she be voyde when ye geue her the medecine.

❧How a man shall take a hauke from the ayre.

WHo so taketh an hauke frō the eyrer, him be­houeth for to do wisely, in bringing him ease­lye & to keep him wel from colde, & from hur­ting of his bones, for they ben ful tendre and they must haue great rest. And they maye not haue styn­king & fylthy ayre, but as clene as can & may be thought and euermore geue him cleane meat and hote, and a ly­tle and often and chaunge often theyr meat, but looke it be whole, and cut her meat in to smale morcels, for they should not tyre on bones tyll they might flee, then after when she begynneth to pen and plumeth & palketh and pycketh her selfe, put her in to a close warme place that no fulmers nor fecheus nor other vermyn come not in to her, and let the place be sure for wynde and rayne. and then she wyl preue her selfe, and euer more geue her good hote meates. For it is better to a man to feed hys hauke while she is tendre with meat to make her good wyth some cost: then to feed her with euyll meates to make her vnthryfty with litle cost. And looke when she beginneth to ferme, then geue her bayting.

❧A medecine for wormes in an hauke, which sick­nesse is called the fylaunders.

Marke wel this sickenes, and beware therof. This is the medecyne therfore. Ye shall take an herbe that is [Page] called neppe, and put in a small gutte of a capon or of an henne, and knytte it with a threde, and let her receyue it whole, and she shalbe whole & safe. Thus ye shall know when your hauke hath wormes in her bely. Looke whē she hath castyng, then ye shall fynde one or two about her castyng place, yf she hath ben with any.

¶A medecyne for an hauke y ^t casteth wormes at the foundament and what wormes that they be.

❧Take the lymayl of yren & medle it w ^t flesh of porke & geue it two dayes to the hauke to eat, & she shalbe whole.

❧A medecine for an hauke that hathe a sycknesse whiche is called the aggresteyne.

When ye see your hauke hurt her feete with her beake and pulleth her tayle, then she hath the aggrestyne. For this sicknes, take the donge of a doue and of a sheepe, and of an alowe, and stronge vynegre and doo al softely in a basyn of brasse, & medle them well together to serue three dayes after and geue her fleshe of a culuer with ho­ny, and with poudre of peper, & set her in a darke place & so do nine dayes. And whē ye see new fethers in the taile washe her with verose, and she shalbe whole and safe.

❧A medecyne for an hauke that hath the crampe in her wynges, and how it cometh.

❧For this crampe take a white lofe of bread somwhat colder then it commeth out of the ouen, and let holde the hauke softely for hurtyng, & cut the lofe almoste through out, and duplay the wynge easely and holde it betwene the two partes of the lofe and let it beholde so the space of halfe a quarter of an houre, and she shalbe whole.

❧The crampe commeth to an hauke by takyng colde in her youthe. Therfore it is good for an hauke to keep her warme yonge and olde, and this medecine is good at all tymes for her, whether she be yonge or olde.

❧Let not an hauke be put in mewe to late, but in this maner as foloweth if ye loue your hauke.

If ye loue well your hauke kepe her well, and put her not late in mewe, for who so for couetousnes of fleing le­seth the tyme of his haukes mewing, & withholdeth her to longe therfro, he may after put her to mewe at auen­ture, for than a parte of her mewyng time is past.

❧Who so putteth his hauke in mewe in the beginning of Lente, yf she be kepte as she ought to bee, she shall be mewed in the begynning of August.

❧How ye shall dispose & ordeyne your mewe.

¶Set and dispose your mewe in this maner, so that no wesel nor polcat nor non other vermyn entre therto, nor no wynde nor great colde, nor that it be ouerhote. Lette that one parte of the mewe be turned towarde the sonne so that in the most part of the day the sonne may com in.

❧Also ye must see y ^t she be not auexed nor greued with muche noise nor with song of men, & that no maner fol­kes come to her, but only he that fedeth her. It behoueth that your hauke haue a feding stocke in her mewe, and a longe strynge tyed therto to fasten her meat with. For els she wyl cary it about the house and soyle it wyth dust and peraduenture she wyl hyde it tyll it stynke, and than feed vpon it, and that might be her death. And therfore whan it is bounde to the sayd fedyng stocke, she wyl nei­ther at fedyng nor at the tyring, ne at the lyghtyng, ne a [...] the rysyng hurt her selfe, and whan she hath fed take a­way the remnaunte if any leue, and in any wyse that she haue clene meat, & at euery meale fresh. For of stale mea­tes & euil meates she shall engendre many sycknesses, & loke ye go neuer to your mew but whā ye shal geue your hauke meat, or elles to bryng water to bathe her. And [Page] suffre no rayne to wete her at any time if ye may, and as for her bathing that shall nothing hyndre her mewyng.

❧The maner howe a man shall put an hauke into mewe and that is well noted.

Of one thing ye must beware wel if she haue any sick­nes that ye make her whole or ye put her in mewe, for as I vnderstande a sycke hauke shall neuer mewe wel. For though she mewe she shall not endure but whyle she is great and fatte, for at the abatyng of her estate she maye no lenger endure. Somtyme without any medecine ma­nye men deuise how they myght mewe theyr haukes, for some put haukes in mewe at high estate, and some when they ben right lowe, and some when they ben ful, & some when they ben empty and leane, and some when they ben miserable lene, but therof is no force if she be hole, neuer­thelesse I shall say mine aduyse as I haue seen & lerned.

Whoso putteth a goshauke or a tercel or a sparehauke into mewe so high that she maye be no higher: she wyll holde her longe in that poynt or that she lese or lent any fethers, & who so putteth her in mewe leane it wil be long or she remount, and who so putteth her in mewe to hun­gry and to leane, yf she haue meate at her wyl: she wil eat to muche, bycause of hungre, and peraduenture she maye be dead therby, as oft hathe ben seen. But who so wyl that an hauke endure and mewe kyndely, my counsell is that she be not high neyther to lowe, neyther in greate dystresse of hungre but lyke as she should flee best, then take heed the fyrst daye of to muche eatyng, vnto the time that she be stanched. And after that: a man may take her suche meate as I shall tell you more playnly heereafter.

❧In what maner and howe a man shall feed his hauke in mewe.

Looke with what meat she hath ben moste vsed to be fed: and feed her therwith eyght dayes contynually, and those eyght dayes geue her byrdes ynough both morowe and euen, and let her plume vpon them wel, and take ca­styng of the plumage, and that shall talaunte her well, and cause her to haue good appetyte, and it shall clense well her bowels, and when she is well clensed: ye may geue her what meat that ye wil, so it be clene and freshe.

But the best meat to make an hauke to mewe moste soonest without any medecyne: is the fleshe of a kyd or of a yonge swan, and of a cheken, and speciallye ratons fleshe. So they ben not assaute, none lyke to it: and of a yonge goose. For suche meat is hote of it self.

¶And take peces of great freshe eles, and specyally the colpen next the nauell and wet it in hote bloud of muttō it is good to make her to mew, but specially it shal make her wight after the sore age. These sayde flesshes been good to mewe an hauke, & to keep her in state, but looke she haue good plentye euery daye, so that she rather leue parte than lacke any. And euery thyrd daye let her bathe yf she lyst. And when she is wexed nigh ferme: geue her hennes & fatte porke, and of an hounde is passing good.

❧An hauke is neuer ful fermed nor redy to drawe out of mewes to the time her sercel be fully growen yet haue I seene some folkes take them out of mew when the ser­cell were but halfe sprong, & that is peryllous, for they are not then hard penned. Some folkes vse when an hauke hath cast her sercell: to begyn and washe her meat and feed her in mewe wyth washt meat a moneth or .vi. wekes or euer they drawe them. But of all fleshe after she is mewed: a reasonable gorge of a hote hare is best, [Page] and also of a crow hote. But it must be washed in water and then it is the better. For that wyll not benym them hastely theyr grece, nor put them in a great feblenes. For it dureth somwhat with her.

❧ To make an hauke to mewe tymely, without any hurtyng of her.

Now I shall tell you very true medecines for to mew an hauke hastely that ye shal beleue for truth and ye wyll assay them. There ben in woodes or in hedges wormes cal [...]ed adders y ^t ben red of nature, and he is called viper [...] And also there be snakes of y ^e same kinde, & thei ben very bytter. Take two or thre of them & smite of their heades & thendes of their tailes, thē take a newe erthen pot that was neuer vsed, & cut them into small peces & put those same therin & let thē seche strōgly a grea [...]e while at good leyser, & let the pot be couered y ^t no eyre com out of it nor no brethe, & let it sethe so long that y ^e same peces sethe to grece. Then cast it out & doo away the bone & gather the grece, & put it in a clene vessel, and as oft as ye feed your hauke anointe her meat therwith, & let her eat asmuche as she wil, & that meat shall mew her at your owne will.

❧An other medecine.

Take wheate and put it in the brothe that the adders were soden in, and when ye see y ^e wheate begyn to cleue, take it out and feed hennes and chekyns therwith, and feed your hauke with the same polaine.

❧Who so wyl that an hauke mew not nor fal none of her fethers: therfore heere is a med [...]cine

Take poudre of canel & the iuice of franke costes and the iuyce of paraine, and take morcelles of fleshe three or four yf ye lyst and wet them therin, and make the hauke to swalowe them, and serue her so many tymes.

Also take the skyn of a snake and of an adder & cut it [Page] into smal peces, & tēpre it with hote bloud, & cause youre hauke oftentymes to feed therof, and she shall not mew.

☞For the goute in the throte.

❧when ye see your hauke blowe oftentymes, & that it commeth of no bating, ye may be sure she hath the goute in her throte & for that take the bloud of a pecock and en­cense myrabolana and clowes of gelofte and canell and gynger, & take of all these euenly & medle them wyth pe­cockes bloud, & sethe it til it be thick, & therof make mor­cels, & geue the hauke euery day at midmorne & at none.

¶For the gout in the head and in the reynes.

When ye see your hauke may not ende wher meat nor remount her estate, she hathe the gout in the head and in the reynes, take momiā otherwise called momin▪ among polyca [...]ies ye may haue it, and the skyn of an hare, and geue it to your hauke to eat .ix. tymes wyth the fleshe of a catte, and yf she may holde the meat she shalbe safe.

❧A medecine for sicknes called the fallera.

❧When ye see youre haukes cleis waxe white then she hath the fallera. For this sicknes take a black snake cut away the head and the tayle and take the myddle and try it in an erthen pot, & take the grece and saue it, anoynte the fleshe of a pecocke therwith and geue it to the hauke for to eat .viii. dayes, and yf ye haue no pecocke geue her fleshe of a doue, and after the eyght dayes geue her a che­kyn and washe it a lytle, and geue it her to eat and take the tendrest of the brest with the frosshel bone and let her eat it, and yf she amend any thing she shalbe whole.

❧A medecine for the crampe in the thigh, in the leg, and in the foote of an hauke.

When ye see youre hauke lay one foote vpon an other foote, she is taken with the crampe. Thē draw her bloud [Page] vpon the foote y ^t lyeth vpon that other foote, & vpon the legge also, and he shalbe whole.

¶For the cough or the pose.

Take poudre of bayes and put it vpon the fleshe of a doue and geue it oft to your hauke, and without doubte she shalbe whole.

❧A medecine for the podagre.

When your haukes feete ben swollen: she hath the po­dagre, then take fresshe may butter, and as much of oyle oliue, and of alum, and chaufe it wel to gether at y ^e fyre & make therof an oyntment & anoynt the fe [...]te foure daies and set her in the sonne and geue her fleshe of a catte, and yf that auayle not: seethe the knyttyng of a vyne & wrap it about the swellyng and let her syt vpon a colde stone & anoint her w ^t butter or fresh grece, & she shall be whole.

☞A medecine for sicknes w ^tin the body of an hauke & if it shewe not outward how she shalbe holpen and in what maner.

A man may know by the cheere and vngladnes of an hauke this infirmitie. But yet it is straūge to know thī ­ges y ^t a man may not see in his sicknes and what maner they ben greued, & specially when a mā woteth not wher­of it commeth. Feed your hauke wel vpon an henne and then make her to fast two dayes after to auoyde wel her bowels. The thyrd daye take hony soden & fyll her bodye ful, & binde her beake that she cast it not out of her bodye & then set her out of the sonne, & when it draweth to the night: feed her w ^t a hote foule, for as I heard my maister say & she be not whole w ^t that: loke neuer other medecin.

❧For the passion that goshaukes haue fastyng.

Take the roote of small [...]usshes & make iuyce of them and wet your fleshe therin, and make her eat it.

❧For haukes that be wounded.

❧ Take away the fethers about the wound, & take the [Page] whyte of an egge and oyle of olyue, and medle it together and anoynt the wounde & keep it with white wine vnto the tyme ye see dead fleshe, and then put in the wound es­compe vnto the tyme the dead fleshe be wasted. After take ensence & cleue asmuche of the one as of the other, and medle it together, and when ye wyll anoynt the sore: hete your oyntment, & anoynt it wyth a pen tyl the tyme the skynne growe agayne, and yf see dead fleshe theron and wolde haue it away: take vinegre and then anoynte it with this oyntment afore sayd, and she shalbe whole.

❧A medecine for an hauke that hath the artetyke.

Whan ye see youre hauke fatte about the herte: trust it for truthe she hath the artetyke. Therfore let her bloud in the oryginall vaine, and after that geue her a frogge for to eat, and she shalbe whole.

❧A medecine for an hauke combred in the bowels.

Whē your hauke is encombred in the bowels: ye shal knowe it by her eyen, for her eyen wilbe darke & she wil looke vngladly, and her mutysing will defoile her foun­dement. Then take the haukes meat, & anoynt it wyth y ^e poudre of canel & geue it her to eat, & she shalbe whole.

❧A medecine for an hauke that hath the goute.

Feed your hauke with an Irchin once or twise and it shall helpe her.

❧A medecine for an hauke that hath mytes.

Take the iuyce of wormewood & put it there as they ben, and they shall dye.

❧That an hauke vse her craft al y ^e seasō to slea or leue

Whē ye goe to the feeld in the lateer ende of hauking and desyre that your hauke shall vse her craft to doo her in this maner. Let her slea a foule & let her plume vpon it asmuch as she wyl, & when she hath plumed ynough: goe to her softely for fraying, and rewarde her on the foule [Page] and after that ye may cast her on a perche, and aswel she may vse her craft so as that she slewe all the yere.

❧A medecyne for an hauke that hath the stone.

Annoynt her foundament with oyle, & put y ^e poudre of alum with a holowe strawe. Also take an herbe called Christes ladder, & anoynt her mouth within, & she shalbe whole. Also take smal flābe rootes & polipodye & the cor­nes of spurge and grynde it wel, and sethe it in butter, & drawe it through a clothe, & make therof thre pellets of the greatnes of a nut, & put it in his mouth in the morow tyde, and looke that he be voyde, and then let him fast tyl euensonge, and feed him lytle & lytle, & he shalbe whole.

❧A medecine for vermyn.

Take the iuyce of the roote of fenell, and doo it where the vermyn be and they shall dye.

❧A medecyne for the rewme that haukes haue.

When ye see your hauke close her eyen and shaketh her head, then hath she the rewme in her head. Therfore geue her larde of a gote the fyrst day, and the seconde geue her epatike with the flesh of a chekyn, and she shalbe whole.

❧A medecine for haukes that ben dry, and desyre to drynke to keep them moyst in kynde.

❧Take the iuyce of horehound and wete thyne haukes mete therin, and feed her therwyth once or twyse, and she shalbe whole.

¶For sickenesse that haukes haue in their entrayles

AN hauke that is sicke within the entrailes, is of an other aray thē in other sicknes, for if she hold not her meat, but cast it: that is a token of the foule glet for surfet of fethers that ben gyuen to haukes in theyr youth. And afterward when they come vnto trauayle & ben auoyded of the riuer then they wexe slow to flee and desyre for to reste. And when the hauke is vpon her perche, then she wyll slepe for to put ouer at the entryng. [Page] And yf she holde fleshe any while in her gorge: it wyll loke as it were soddē, & when she is waking she assaieth to put ouer at the entryng, and it is aglu [...]ted and keled with the glette that she hath engendred and if she should escape she must put ouer, or els she must die, or cast it. And she cast it: she may be holpe with the medecyne.

❧A medecyne for the entrayles.

Take yolkes of egges [...]awe, when thei ben wel beten together, put therto spanishe salt & asmuche hony therto, and wet therin thy fleshe and feed thy hauke three dayes therwith. And if she make daunger to eat it: let holde thy hauke and make her to swalow thre or foure morcels in a day, and sikerly she shalbe whole, yet I shall tel you an other thing. Take hony at the chaunging of the moone and a sharpe nettel, and therof make small poudre, and when it is well ground: take the brest bone of an hen and an other of a culuer & hacke it smal with a knyfe & doo a­way the skyn & doo theron the poudre, and all hote wyth the poudre feed her, & so doo thryse and she shalbe whole.

☞For syckenes of swellyng.

If a wycked felon be swollen in suche maner y ^t a man may hele it y ^t the hauke shal not die, thus a mā may help her strongly and length her life but the hauke wilbe very egre & greuous of the sicknes, & therfore ye must take the roote of comfort and sugre lyke muche, & sethe it in fresh grece with the thyrd part of honye, & thē draw it through a fayre clothe, & oft geue it to y ^e hauke, & she shalbe whole

❧A medecine for blaynes in haukes mouthes cal­led frounces.

On the froūce it is drede for haukes, for it is a noyous sicknes & draweth her to deth, & withholdeth her strēgth. For mē say that it cometh of colde, for colde doth haukes muche harme, & maketh fleme fal out of the brayne, & the eyen wi [...] swell & empayre in her head, & but she haue hast­ly [Page] helpe, yt wyl stop her nose thrylles, & therfore take fe­nell, maryal & serses, a like much, & seeth theym & drawe them through a cloth & otherwhile washe her hed therw ^t and put some in y ^e rofe of her mouth, & she shalbe safe.

A medicine for an hauke that casteth her fleshe.

❧ Wete her fleshe in a satsyol, or els seeth rasine in wa­ter and put her fleshe therin when it boyleth.

❧A medicine for the rume called agrum.

❧When thou seest thy hauke vpon her mouth, and her chekes blobbed, then she hath this sickenesse called agrū Therfore take a nedle of syluer & hete it in the fire & bren the narelles throughout, then anoint it with oile oliue.

A medicine for an hauke great and fat.

❧Take a quātitie of porke & hony & butter a like much & purged greace, and doo awai the skin, & seth them togi­ther, & anoynt the fleshe therin, & feed your hauke ther w ^t and she shal encrease mightely. Els take the winges of an Eued, and feed her, & keep her from trauayle, and doo so oft though y ^e eued be neuer so fat, and yf your hauke be not passyng fat within .xiiii. dayes wondre I thinke.

☞For botches that growe in an haukes Iawe.

¶Cut these botches with a knyfe & let out the matter of them and after clense them cleane with a syluer spoōe or els fyl the hole w ^t a pouder of arnemelyt brent & vpō the pouder doo a litle larde that is reside, & so it wil awai

❧Here is a good medicine for an hauke that wyll not come to reclayme.

Take fresh butter & put therto sugre & put it in a cleane cloth & reclaime her to y ^e & keep it in a boxe in your bagge

❧A medicine for haukes that ben refrayned

❧When ye se your hauke nesyng. and castyng water through her nosethrylles on her nares: thē doutlesse she is refrayned. For y ^t sickenes take the greynes of chafe­legre and of peper, and grynde it wel, and tempre it with [Page] strong vynegre, and put it in her nares & in the rofe of her mouth, and geue her fleshe to eat, & she shall be safe.

¶A medecine for haukes y ^t haue paine in their crops.

Ye shall take fayre Morfum and poudre of gylouer & medle it together and geue it to youre hauke to eat, & yf she holde it past the seconde day after, she shalbe whole·

❧A medecine for the stone in the foundament.

❧When youre hauke maye not muteyse, then she hath that syckenes, called the stone. And for this sicknes ye shall take the hert of a swyne and the grece of a swyne, and cut it with the fleshe of the hert, & she shalbe whole.

¶A medecine for the dry frounce.

For this sicknes take y ^e roote of polipody y ^t groweth vpon okes & seeth it a greate while, thē take it from the fyre & let it stand & wexe lewe warme, then washe your flesh therin feed your hauke thre times & she shalbe hole

❧A medecine for wormes called anguelles.

Take pressure made of a lambe that was ened in vn­time & make therof three morcelles and put in a gut of a culuer & feed her therwith, & looke the hauke be voyde when ye geue her the medecyne. Also take iuyce of dra­gons and put full the gutte of a pygeon, and then cut it and depart it as y ^e hauke may ouer swolow it & put it in his body, and knit hys beake for castyng. Also geue her the ballockes of a bucke as hote as they be kut out, and make poudre of the pyntell and cast vpon the fleshe of a Cat, and feed her therwith, and she shalbe whole.

¶Poroper termes vsed in kepyng of haukes.

An hauke tyreth, Fedeth, Gorgeth, Beketh, Rouseth Endueth, Muteth, Percheth, Iouketh, Putteth ouer, Proineth, Plummeth, She warbulleth, and mātelleth, She tyreth vpon tumpes, she fedeth on al maner of flesh she gorgeth when she fylleth her gorge full of meat, she [Page] beaketh when she sueth, that is to saye, when she wy­peth her beake. She rouseth whē she shaketh her fethers and her bodye together. She endueth when her meat▪ in her bowels fal to digestion. S [...]e muteth when she auoy­deth her ordure. She perche [...]h whē she stādeth on any maner bowe or perche. She iouketh when she slepeth. She putteth ouer whē she auoydeth her meat out of her gorge into her bowels. She proyneth, when she fetcheth oyle with her beake ouer the taile and anointeth her feet & her fethers she plumeth whē she pulleth fethers of ani foule or of any thyng and casteth thē fro her. She warbelleth when she draweth her wynges ouer the myddes of her backe & there they mete both, & softely shaketh thē & let them fal again. And mantelleth when she stretcheth her one wing alone after her leg, & afterward the other wing and moste comonly she doth y ^t before she warbelleth her.

¶The hames of sparehaukes as Ostregyers and speruiters haue determyned.

THere is a question asked whether a man shal cal a spere, or a sparehauke, or an aspere▪ hauke. And o­strygers, & also speruiters say she may be called all three names, for these reasons she may be called a sparehauke for of all haukes that there be she is moste spere, y ^t is to saye moste tendre to keep. For the least mysdieting and misētēding slea [...]th her. And she may be called an aspere hauke of sharpnes of her courage & of her loking quick­ly & also of her flying, for she is moste asper and sharp­in all thing that belonge vnto her of any other haukes. She mai also be called a sparehauke for two resons. one is, she spareth goshaukes & tercels both suche as ben in their sore age vnto y ^e time thei may be reclaimed & made redy to flee. As goshaukes and tercels that be not fullye mewed vnto the time they may be clene ensaymed & redy [Page] to flee. For al the while they ben vnable, the sparehauke occupieth the seasō & sleith portryche wel, that is to say, from saint margaretes day vnto it be lāmas & so forthe in the yere, and she wyl slea wel yonge fesandes, yonge heth cockes in the beginning of the yere, & after Michel­mas whē partryches passe their daūger▪ I haue seen thē made som to slea the pye, som to slea the te [...]e vpon the ryuer at the Iutte, som to slea the woodcocke, & som for the black byrde and the thrush. The woodcock is cumbrous to slea but yf there be craft, therfore when ye come into a wood or querke of bushes, cast youre sparehauke into a tree and bete the bushes, then & yf any woodcocke aryse she wyl be sure therof, ye must fyrst make her to a foule cast vp out of the bushes & your hauke must sit on loft as ye make her to a partrich. Also as I sayd ye may call her a sparehauke for an other cause, for and there wer a shyp fraught full of haukes and nothyng els, and there were a sparehauke amonge them, there should no custome be payed bycause of her. And so for the moste comon name they ben called sparehaukes for the reason afore sayd.

❧An hauke fleeith to the vewe, to the beck or to the Tol, Nota, Crene, Querre, Fer, Iutty.

AN hauke fleeith to the ryuer dyuerse wayes, & slea­ith y ^e foule diuersly, that is to say, she fleeith to the vewe, or to the becke, or the toll, & all is but one as ye shall knowe heerafter. She fleeith also to the querre, to the Creep, and no more wayes but those thre. And she nymmeth the foule at the fer Iutty, or at the Iutty ferre.

❧Now shall ye know what these termes betoken and more folowyng. As huff, Iutty, Ferry, mounte Raundon, Creep, Emewed.

A Goshauke or a tercel that shall flee to the vewe to the Toll, or to the Becke, in thys maner she is [Page] caught Ye must fynde a foule in the ryuer or in a pyt pry­uely & then set your hauke a great space vpon a mol hill or on th [...] grounde and creep softly towarde the foule frō your hauke streyght way, and when ye come almost there as the foule lyeth: loke back ward towarde the hauke and with your hand or with your tabur stick beek your hauke to come to you, and when she is on wyng & cometh lowe by the grounde & is almost at you: then smyte your tabre & cry, huff, huff, huff, & make y ^• foule spring, & with the noyse the foule wyll ryse, and the hauke wyll nymme it.

And now take heed if your hauke nymme the foule at the ferre syde of the ryuer or at the pyt from you, that she sleith the foule at the ferre Iutty. And yf she slea it vpon the syde that ye be on, as it may hap dyuerse tymes, then ye shall saye she hath slaine the foule at the Iutty ferrye.

If youre hauke nymme the foule a loft [...] ye wyll saye she tooke it at the mount or at the souce. And yf the foule spryng not but flee a longe after the ryuer and the hauke nymme it: then ye shall say she slewe it at the raundon.

❧Creep.

And your hauke fleyth at or to the creep whē ye haue your hauke on your fyst and creep softely to the ryuer or to the pyt and stealeth softly to the brinke therof, & then crye, huff, and by that meane nymme a foule, then it is slayne at the creep eyther at the ferre Iutty, or at the Iut­ye ferry, as is afore sayde. And yf it happe as it doth of­tentymes the foule for feare of your hauke wyll spryng and fall againe into the ryuer or the hauke seeth her, and so lye styl and dare not aryse: ye shal say then your hauke hath annewed the foule into the riuer. And so ye shal say and there ben more foules in the ryuer than youre hauke nymmeth yf they dare not aryse, for feare of your hauke.

¶A theef.

[Page]Understande ye that a goshauke should not flee to a­ny foule of the ryuer with belles in no wise, and therfore a goshauke is called a theef.

☞Querre.

And your hauke fleyth to the querre, when there ben in a stubyll tyme Sordes of malardes in the feeld. And when she espyeth them and commeth couert her self and flee pryuely vnder hedges or lowe by the ground & nym one of them or they ryse, then shall ye saye that the fowle was slaine at the querre.

❧Marke this terme drawe.

Some folke mysuse this terme draw, and say y ^t their hauke will drawe to the ryuer, and that terme drawe, is properly assigned to that hauke that wil slea a rooke, or a crow, or a rauen vpon a lande sytting, and then it must be sayde that suche an hauke wyl drawe wel to a rooke.

Nowe ye shall vnderstande yf a man wyll make an hauke to the querre in this maner he must doo.

Take a tame mallarde and set him in a fayre playne and let hym goe where he wyll. Then take your hauke vpon youre fyst & goe to that playne, and holde vp your hande a prety way of from the malarde, and looke yf the hauke can espy it by her owne courage, and yf she haue founde the foule and desyre to flee therto: let her slea it, and plumme wel vpon her and serue her so two or three tymes: and then she is made to the querre.

I haue knowen gētlemen y ^t when so euer, and where euer thei see any tame duckes, & if their haukes wold de­syre to them, thē thei wolde let flee to them incouraging their haukes to well fleing vnto y ^e querre an other time.

¶A prety craft to take an hauke y ^t is broken out of mew & al maner of foules y ^t syt in trees if a mā wil.

❧Looke where an hauke perchethe for a nyght in any [Page] maner place, & soft & leyserly clym to her with a skonce or a lanterne that hath but one lyght in your hande, and let the lyght be toward the hauke, so that she see not your face, & ye may take her by the legges or otherwise as ye lyst, and in lykewise all other maner of foules.

❧Of haukes belles.

THe belles that your hauke shall were looke in any wyse that they bee not to heuye, ouer her power to were. Also that none be heuyer then an other but lyke of weight. Looke also that they be sonowre and well soun­ding and shil, and not both of one sound, but that one be a semytune vnder an other, & that they be whole and not broken, and specially in the soundyng place. For & they be broken, they wyl sounde fully.

¶Of sparehaukes belles there is great choyce and lytle charge of them, for there ben plentye, but for goshaukes sometyme belles of Melayne were called the best and thei ben ful good, for they commonly are soundē with syluer & solde therafter. But there ben now vsed of duche lande belles of a towne called Dordreght, and they be passyng good belles. For they ben well sorted, well sounded, so­nour of ryngyng in shylnes and passyng wel lasting.

❧Beastes of Uenery are .iii. kindes.

❧Beastes of the chase are .v. Kindes

❧Note heere the age of an Hart.

✚ To know the head of a Hart and that is diuers

☞An Herde, a Beuy a Sounder, a route

❧A litle herde, a midle herde, a great herde.

❧How ye shal say a great hart▪ & not a fayre, & other.

❧What is a beuy of Roes great or small.

✚What is a soundre of swyne great or small.

☞Of the Roo huntyng, brekyng, and dressyng.

❧Now of the age and vndoing of the Bore.

❧Now of the Hare.

❧The rewardes for houndes.

❧Which beastes shalbe slayne, & whiche stripte.

❧Which beastes shalbe rered with the limere.

❧The discryuyng of a bucke.

❧Of the hornes of a Bucke.

¶Of the Roe Bucke.

✚Now of the Hart and the Hynde.

❧Of the crienge of these beastes.

☞Marke well these season folowyng.

❧The boste y ^t the mayster hunters maketh to his man, now heere folowyng ye may heare

¶The auauncers, the forcers

A vauntelay, alay, and relay.

What is a forloyne.

❧Whiche three thinges causeth y ^e houndes to endure

Which beast a slowe hound taketh as sone as a swift

❧Why the hare fumayse and croteyes.

☞To vndoo the wylde bore.

❧How ye shall breke an hart

❧Beastes of the chase of the sweet fewte and stynkyng.

THere ben beastes of the chase the sweet fewte And tho ben the bucke, the doe, the bere, the raynder, the elke, the spickarde, the ottre, and the martron

❧There ben beastes of the chase of the stynkyng fewte And they ben the roe bucke and the roe, the fulmard, the [...]yches, the baude, the gray, the foxe, the squyrel, y ^e whyte rat, the sotte, and the polcat.

❧The names of dyuers maner of houndes

THese ben the names of hoūdes. Fyrste there is a grehoūd, a bastard, a mōgrel, a mastif, a lemor, a spaniel raches kenets, terrours, bouchers hoūds dūghil dogges, trindel tailes and pryckeered curres and smal ladi popies that bere awai the fleas and diuers smal fautes

¶The properties of a good grehounde.

A grehoūd shuld be hedded like a snake, & necked like a drake, foted like a catte, tailed lyke a ratte, syded [Page] lyke a breme, & chi [...]ed like a beme. The first yere he must lerne to feed, y ^e second yere to feeld him lede, the thirde he is felow lyke, the .iiii. yere he is none lyke, y ^e .v. yere he is good inough, the .vi, yere he shall holde the plough, y ^e vii. yere he wyll auayle great bytches for to assayle, the viii. yere lyckladell, the .ix. yere cartsadel, and whē he is comen to that yere, haue hym to the tannere. For y ^e beste hounde that euer bytche had, at the .ix. yere he is ful bad.

❧The properties of a good horse.

A Good horse should haue .xv. properties and cōdicions. That is to wete, three of a man, three of a woman three of a fox, three of an hare, & .iii. of ā asse.

¶Of a man bolde, proude, & hardy. Of a woman fayre brested fayre of heare, and easy to lepe vpon. Of a fox, a fayre tayle, short eares, with a good trot, Of an hare, a great eye, a drye head, and well rennyng. Of an asse, a bygge chyn, a flat legge, and a good hoofe. Wel trauay­led women nor wel trauayled horse were neuer good. Aryse erly▪ serue god deuoutly, and the worlde beselye, doo thy worke wysely, giue thine almes secretly; goe by the way sadly, answere the people demurely, go to thy meat appetytely syt therat discretly, of thy tonge be not to lyberall, aryse therfro temperatly, go to thy supper soberly, & to thy bed merely, be in thyne inne iocundlye, please thy loue duly, and slepe surely

❧Marke well these foure thynges.

THere ben foure principal thinges prīcipalli to be dred of euery wise man. The firste is the curse of our heuenly father god. The seconde is the indigna­ciō of a price (quia indignacio Regis vel Pricipis mors est The thirde is the fauour or wil of a iudge. The fourth is sclaunder, and the mutacion of a cominaltie.

❧Who that maketh in Christmas a dog to his larder. [Page] And in Marche a sowe to his gardyner, And in May a foole of a wyse mans counsell, he shal neuer haue good larder, fayre gardyne, nor yet well kept counsel.

❧Ferre from thy kynsmen [...]ast thee, wrath not thy nei­ghbours next thee. In a good corne countrie threste the and sit downe Robyn and rest thee.

❧If these be not directed, then go they at aduēture

❧There ben foure thinges full harde to know which way that they will drawe. The fyrst is the wayes of a young man. The seconde is the course of a vessell in the sea. The third of an adder or of a serpent sprente. The fourth of a foule sittyng on any thyng.

✚Two wiues in one house. two rattes and one mouse

¶Two dogges and one bone, shal neuer accorde in one

¶The Companyes of beastes and foules.

• AN herde of hartes
• an herde of al ma­ner dere
• an herde of swans
• an herde of cra [...]es
• an herde of curlewes
• an herde of wrennes
• an herde of harlottes
• a nye of fesauntes
• a beuy of Ladyes
• a cite o [...] grayes
• a [...]ery of [...]o [...]yes
• a rychesse of martrons
• a besynes of fe [...]ettes
• a brace of gr [...]houndes [...]r .ii.
• a les [...] of [...]rehoundes or .iii.
• a couple of spanyels
• a couple of rēning houndes▪
• a lytter of wolpes
• a kyndell of younge cattes
• [Page]a beuy of r [...]s
• a beuy of quayles
• a sege of Herons
• a sege of byttoures
• a sord or a sute of mallards
• a mustre of pecockes
• a walke of suites
• a congregacion of people
• an exaltyng of larkes
• a watch of nyghtyngales
• an hoste of men
• a feloshyppyng of yemen
• a cherme of goldfinches
• a caste of bread
• a couple or a payre of botels
• a flyght of doues
• an vnkyndnes of rauens
• a clateryng of choughes
• a dissimulacion of byrdes
• a route of knightes
• a pryde of lyons
• a sleuthe of beares
• a draught of butler [...]
• a prou [...]e shewīg o [...] taylers
• a temperaunce of [...]o [...]kes
• a stalke of fosters
• a boste of souldyours
• a laughter of ostlers
• a glosyng of tauerners
• a malepe [...]es of pedl [...]rs
• a thraue of thresshers
• a squat of daubers
• a fyghtyng of beggers
• a synguler of bores
• a dryft of tame swyne
• an harrasse of hors
• a ragge of coltes or a rake
• a baren of mules
• a tryppe of gotes
• a tryppe of hares
• a gaggyll of geese
• a broode of hennes
• a badelynge of duckes
• a nonpaciens of wyues
• a state of prynces
• a though of barons
• a prudence of vycaryes
• a superfluitie of nunnes
• a scoole of clerkes
• a doctrine of doctours
• a conuertyng of prechours
• a sentence of Iudges
• a dampnyng of Iuryours
• an obeisaunce of seruaūtes
• a sete of vsshers
• a tygendes of pyes
• an hoste of sparowes
• a swarme of bees
• a caste of Haukes of the toure, two
• a lese of y ^e same haukes .iii.
• a flyght of goskaukes
• a flyght of swalowes
• a byldynge of rookes
• a murmuracyon of stares
• a route of wulues
• [Page]an vntrouth of sompners
• a melody of harpers
• a pouerty of pypers
• a subtiltie of sergeauntes
• a tabernacle of bakers
• a dryft of fysshers
• a dysgysynge of [...]aylers
• a bleche of souters
• a smere of coryours
• a cluster of grapes
• a cluster of churles
• a rag of maydens
• a rafull of knaues
• a blusshe of boyes
• an vncredibilite of kocoldes
• a couy of pat ryches
• a spryng of teles
• a dessarte of lapwynges
• a fall of wodcockes
• a congregacion of plouers
• a couerte of cootes
• a dule of tur [...]ylles
• a scull of freres
• a bominable sight of monks
• a sclul of fyshe
• an example of masters
• an obseruaunce of heremites
• an eloquence of lawers
• an execucyon of officers
• a fayth of marchauntes
• a ꝓuisiō of steward of hous
• a ker [...]e of panters
• a credence of fewers
• a lepe of [...]ydarde [...]
• a shrewednes of [...]
• a sculke of theues
• a sculke of foxes
• a nest of rabbettes
• a labour of moles
• a mu [...]e of houndes
• a kenell of caches
• a sute of a lyam
• a cowardnes of curres
• a sourde of wylde swyne
• a stod of mares
• a pace of asses
• a droue of nete
• a flocke of sheep
• a gagle of women
• a pepe of chekyns
• a multeplyeng of husbādes
• a po [...]y fycalytye of prelates
• a dygnytye of chanons
• a charge of curates
• a discrecion of preestes
• a disworship of scortes

❧Here folow y ^e dewtermes to speake of brekyng or dres­syng of diuers beastes & fou­les. &c. And the same is she­wed of certayne fysshes.

• A Dere broken
• A goose rered
• [Page]an embr [...]w [...]ng of [...]a [...]uers
• a [...] do s [...]porters
• a blast of hunters▪
• a thretenyng of courtyers
• a promyse o [...] [...]sters
• a lyeng of pardo [...]ers
• a mysbeleue of paynters
• a lasshe of carters
• a skolding of kewsters
• a wondering of tynkers
• a wa [...]wa [...]d [...]es of ha [...]wards
• a worshyp of wryters
• a neuerchryuyng of iuglers
• a fraunche of myllers
• a feast of bruers
• a goryng of buchers
• a trynket of coruysers
• a plucke of shooturners
• a dronkenshyp of coblers
• a cluster of nuttes
• a rage of the teeth
• a rascall of boyes
• an egge tyred
• a fyre tymbred▪

• A salmon chyned
• a pyke spla [...]ed
• a haddocke syded
• a cheuyn fynned
• a sole [...]oyned
• a gutnarde chyned
• a tenche sauced
• an ele tro [...]choned
• a breme splayed
• a barbel [...]us [...]ed
• a trout gobe [...]ted
• a pygge headed and syded
• a capon sawced
• a chekyn frusshed
• a cony vnlaced
• a cra [...]e dy [...]playde
• a curlewe vnioynted
• a fefant alet
• a quayle wynged
• a plouer wynced
• a pygeon thyghed
• a brawne leched
• a swan lyft
• a lambe shouldred
• a kyd shouldred
• an hen spoyled
• a malarde vnbraced
• an heron dismembred
• a pecocke disfygured
• a bytter vntached
• a partryche ale [...]
• a rayle brested
• a woodcocke thyghed.

• An hart harboureth
• a bucke lodgeth
• a squyre lodgeth
• a roe beddeth
• a ty [...]man beddeth
• an hare in his fourme
• shoulderyng or lenyng
• a cony syttyng
• a woodcocke breakyng

❧Heere now folowying shall be shewed all shyre [...] and the byshopryches of the realme of Englande / and ye shal vnderstand that the shyres ben wrytten before / and the byshopriches of the same are wrytten folowyng nere after / and than afterward are shewed the prouynces of this land [...].

KEnt, Canterbury, Rochester, Sussex, Chichester, Hamshyre, Suxrey, Winchester, Wyltshyre, Bark­shyre, Salisbury, Somersetshyre, Dorse [...]shyre, Bathe, Deuenshyre, Cornewayle, Excester, Essex, Myd­dlesex, London, Northfolke, Suffolke, Norwiche, Cā ­brydgeshyre, Ely.

❧Leyceter, Worceter, Wigorne, Hertforthshire, Her­forde, Chesshyre, Shropshyre parte of Lancasshyre, Chester, Yorkeshyre, Staffordshyre, Darbyshyre, No­tyngamshyre, & other as parte of Lancastershyre, Yorke,

❧Prouynces of Englande.

☞Canterbury, Yorke, Stafford, Derby, Notingham, Northūberlād, Durhā, Westmerlād, Tyndale. [...]a [...]lile.

¶For to make russet heare.

❧Take a pynte of strong lye & a half pounde of soote, and a litle iuce of walnut leues and a quart of Alum, & put them all together in a pan, and boile them wel, and whan it is colde: put in your heare till it be as darke as ye wyll haue it.

¶For to make a browne coloure,

❧Take a pounde of soote & a quarte of ale, and seeth with as many walnut leues as ye may, and whan thei be blacke set it from the fyre, and put their in heare & let it lye styll til it be as browne as ye wyll haue it.

¶For to make an other browne.

¶Take stronge ale, and soote and tempre thē together and put there to your heare two dayes and two nigh­tes, and it shalbe a right good coloure▪

¶For to make a tawny coloure.

❧Take lyme and water & put them together, and also put your heare therin foure or fiue houres. Thā take it out, and put it into a tanners ose one day, and it shalbe as fine a tawny colour as any nedeth to our purpose.

❧The syxte parte of your heare, ye shal kepe styl white for lynes, for the double hooke to fisshe for the troute & grasynge, and for small lynes for to lye for the roche & the Dase.

WHan your heare is thus coloured: ye must know for whiche waters, and for whiche seasons they shal serue. The greene colour in all cleere waters from Aprill vnto Septēbre. The yelow colour in euery clere water, from Septembre to Nouembre, for it is lyke to the wedes and other maner of grasse whiche groweth in the waters and ryuers whan they be broken.

[Page] ❧The russet colour serueth al the winter vnto the ende of Apryll, as well in riuets as in pooles, or lakes.

The browne colour, serueth for that water y ^t is black dedish in riuers or other waters. The tawni colour, for these waters that ben hethy or morysh.

NOw must ye make your lynes in this wise. First looke ye haue an instrument like vnto this figure portrayed folowing. Than take your heare and cut of the ende an handfull large or more. For it is neyther stronge nor sure. Than turne the top to the tayle, euery one lyke muche, and departe it into three partes. Than knyt euerye parte at one ende by him selfe, and at the other ende knit all three together. And than put the same ende in that o­ther ende of your instrument that hath but one clifte. And than set that other ende fast with the wedge foure fyngers in all shorter than your heare. Thā twyne eue­ry warpe one way, and lyke muche, and fasten them in three cleftes alyke streyght. Take that out at that other ende, & than twine it that way that it wil desyre ynough Than strayne it a lytle and knyt it for vndoyng, & that is good. And for to know how to make your instrumēt: lo here is a fygure. And it shalbe made of tree, sauynge the bolte vnderneth, whiche shalbe of yron.

[Page]SO whan ye haue as many of [...] [...]y [...]es as ye suppose wyll suffyse for y ^e length of a line: than must ye knyt them together with a water knot, or els a duchꝭ knot, and whan your knot is knit: cut of y ^e voyde short endes a straw bred fro the knot. Thus shal your lyues be fayre and fyne, and also ryght sure for any maner of fysshe.

YE shall vnderstand, that the moste subtyl and har­dest craft in making your harneis, is for to make your hookes. For whose makyng ye must haue fete to­les thyn and sharpe and smal beaten, a semy clam of I­ron, a bender, a payre of longe and smal tonges, and an harde knyfe somedele thycke and an anuy [...]de, and a ly­tle hammer.

❧And for smal fysshe, ye shal make your hookes of the smallest quarell ned [...]les that ye can fynde of steele, & in this wyse ye shall put the quarel in a red charcole fyre, tyll it be of the same colour that the fyre is. Than take him out and let him kele, and ye shall finde him wel a­layed for to fyl [...]. Than rayse the berde wyth your knyfe & make y ^e poynt sharpe. Than alaye him agayne or els he wil breake in the bendyng. Than bende hym like to [...] bende accordinge to the purpose. And greater hoo­kes ye shal make in y ^e same wise of great nedles, as bro­derers nedelles, or tailers, or shoomakers nedles, spere poyntes of shomakers nalles ī especial y ^e best for great fishe, and looke y ^t they bēd at the poynt whā they ben as­saied, for els they be not good. Whan the hooke is bēded, bete the hinder ende abrode, & fyle it smothe for fretting of y ^e lyne. Than put it into the fyre againe, & geue it an easy red here. Than sodenly quenche it in water, and it wyl be harde and strong. And for to haue knowledge in your instrumentes: [...]oe they be here in figure portrayed.

WHē ye haue made your hookes: thē must ye set them on your lynes according in greatnes & strength in thys wyse, ye shal take small red sylke, and if it be for a great hooke thē double it not twined. And els for smal hookes let it be single, and there­with frete thicke the line there as the one ende of youre hooke shal syt a straw brede. Then set there your hooke and frete him with the same threde the two partes of y ^e lengthe that shalbe fret in all. And when ye come to the thirde part: thē turne the ende of your lyne agayne vp­pon the frete double, and frete it so double at the other thirde parte, then put your threde in at the hole twies or thryse, and let it goe eche tyme round aboute the yerde of your hooke, then wete the hole and drawe it tyll it be faste, and looke that your line lie euermore within your hookes, and not without, then cut of the lynes ende and the threde as nigh as ye may sauyng the frete.

❧So ye know wyth how great hookes ye shall angle to euery fishe, now I wyll tel you with how many hea­res ye shall Angle to euery fishe. Fyrst for the Menow with a line of one heare. For the waryng roche, y ^e bleke, the Gogyn & the Ruf with a line of two heares, for the Darse and the great roche with a line of thre heares, For the Perch with Flounder and bremet with foure heares For the Cheuyn chubbe, the Breme. the Tēche, and the [Page] Eele with six heares. For the troute, graysyng barbyl, & the great cheuyn: with nyne heares. For the great wyth twelue heares. For the Samon with .xv. heares, and for the pike with a chalke lyne made browne with your browne colour aforesayd armed with a line as ye shall heare hereafter whan I speake of the pyke. [...]our ly­nes must be plummed with lead. And ye shal wete that the next plumbe to the hooke, shalbe therfro a large fote & more, and euery plūbe a quantitie vnto the greatnes of the lyne. There be thre maner of plūbes for a ground lyne rennyng. And for the flote set vpon the groūd line lyeng .x. plūbes ioynyng al together on the ground line renning nyne or ten smal. The flote plūbe shalbe heuy y ^t the first plucke of any fysshe may pul it downe into y ^e water, and make your plumbes round and smothe, y ^t they sticke not on stones or on weedes, and for the more vnderstandyng, lo they be here in fygures.

THen shall ye make your flotes in this wyse. Take a fayre corke that is clene w ^tout any holes and bore it throughe with a small hote yron, and put therin a pen iuste and streyght, euer more note the grea­ter [Page] pen, and the greater hole. Than shape it greate in the middes, and small at bothe endes, & specially sharp in the nether ende, and lyke vnto the figures folowyng and make theym smothe on a grindinge stone or on a tyle stone, and looke that flote for one heare be no more thē a pese, for two hearꝭ as a beane, for .xii. heares as a walnut, & so eueri line must haue according to his porcion. ¶Al maner lines that be not for the ground: must haue flotes, and the renninge ground line muste haue a flote, the lieng ground lyne must haue a flote.

NOw I haue lerned you to make al your har [...]eys Here I wyl tell you how ye shall angle.

❧Ye shal vnderstand that there is syxe maner of ang­lyng. That one is at y ^e ground for the troute and other fisshe. An other is at the ground at an arche or a stange, where it ebbeth and floweth: for bl [...]ke, roche, and Darse. y ^e thirde is with a flote for al maner of fysshe. The four­the with a menow for the Troute, without plumbe or flote. The fifth is renning in the same for the Roche & darse, with one or two heares and a flye. The sixt is a dubbed hooke, for the Troute or graylyng. And for the first and principal poynt in angling: kepe the euer from the water for the syght of the fisshe, eyther ferre vpon y ^e lande, or els behinde a bushe that the fishe se you not. For yf they doo: they will not bite. And looke that ye shadow not the water as muche as ye may. For it is that thing that wyl soone fraye the fishe. And if a fyshe be a frayde: he wil [...] not byte longe after. For all maner of [Page] fyshe that feed by the grounde ye shall angle for them to the botome, so that your hooke shal renne, or lye on the grounde. And for all other fyshe y ^• fedeth aboue: ye shall angle for them in the middes of the water, or sōdele beneth, or somdele aboue, for euer the greater fisshe: the nerer he lyeth to the botome of y ^e water. And euer the smaler fyshe the more he swimmeth aboue, The third good poynte is whan the fishe biteth that ye be not to hasty to smyte, nor to late.

For ye must abyde tyll ye suppose that the bayte be fer in the mouth of the fishe, & then abyde no lenger, & this is for the ground. And for the flote, when ye se it pulled softly vnder the water, or els caryed softly vpon y ^e wa­ter, then smyte. And looke that ye neuer ouersmite the strenght of your lyne for breking. And yf it fortune you to smite a great fyshe with a smal harneis, then ye must lede him in y ^e water, & labour him there tyl he be drow­ned & ouercome▪ Then take him as wel as ye cā or may and euer beware that ye holde not ouer the strengthe of your lyne. And as much as ye may let him not com out of your lines ende streyght from you, but kepe him euer vnder the rod, & euermore holde him streyght so y ^t youre line may susteyne, and beare his leapes, and his plūges with the helpe of your croppe and of your hande.

HEere I wil declare vnto you, in what place of the water ye shall angle, ye shall angle in a poole or in a standing water in euery place where it is any thing deep.

☞There is no great choyse of any place where it is a­ny thyng deep in a poole. For it is but a pryson vnto all fyshes & therfore it is the lesse maystry to take thē. But in a riuer, ye shall angle in euery place where it is depe [Page] and clere by the groūd, as grauell or clay without mud or wedes, and in especiall if that there be a maner whyr­ling of water or a couert. As an holowe banke or great rootes of trees, or lōg weedes fletyng aboue the waters where as the fysshe maye couer and hyde them selfe at certayne tymes whan they lyst. Also it is good for to angle in deep styffe streames, and also in valles of wa­ter and weares, & in flode gates or myll pyttes.

And at the banke, and where the streme renneth nighe therby, and is depe and clere by the grounde and in any other places wher ye may se any fysshe haue any fedīg.

AS now shal ye wyt, what tyme of the day ye shall angle. From the beginnynge of Maye vntyl it be September: the byting time is erlye in the [...]or [...]we from four of the clocke vnto eyght of the clocke, at after none from foure to eyght also, but not to good [...] the mornyng, and if it be a colde wynde and a lowryng day, it is muche better than a clere daye. Also manye po [...]e fysshes wyl byte best in the morne tyde.

❧And yf ye se in any time of the day the Troute or gralyng lepe, angle to him with a dub according to the same moneth. And where the water ebbeth and floweth: the fis­she wyl byte in some place at the ebbe, and in some place at the floud after they haue restyng behinde stanges, & arches of brydges, and other suche maner places.

HEere shal ye wit in what maner of wether ye shal angle in, as I sayd before in a darke lo [...]ryng day whan the winde bloweth softly. And in sommer season whan it is brenning hote, than it is naught. From Septembre vnto Apryll in a fayre sunny daye it is ryght good to Angle: and yf the winde [...] haue a­nye parte of the Dryer [...] wa [...]he [...]: [...] it is naught, & whan it is great wynde & whan it showeth, raynech, or [Page] hayleth, or is a great tempest, as thunder or lyghtninge or a swoly hote wether: than it is nought for to angle.

YE shall now wit that there be twelue maner of impedimentes whiche cause a man to take no fysshe, wythout other comin that may casually hap. The first is yf your harneys be not mete, nor fetely made. The second is, if your baytes be not good nor fyne. The thirde is yf that ye angle not in bytyng tyme. The .iiii. is yf the fisshe be frayde with the syght of a man. The .v. yf that the water be very thicke, whyte or red of anye floud late falen. The .vi. yf the fisshe stere not for colde. The .vii. yf that the wether be hote. The .viii. yf it rayne. The .ix yf it hayle or snow. The .x. yf it be tempest. The xi. yf it be great wynde. The .xii. yf the winde be in y ^e east and that is worste. For commonly neyther wynter nor somer the fysshe wyll not byte than. The west and the north winde ben good, but the southe is best.

ANd now I haue tolde you howe to make your harneys, and how ye shall fysshe therewith in al poyntes: reason wyl that ye know with what baytes ye shall angle to euery maner of fysshe in euery moneth of the yere, which is al the effect of the craft. And wythout which [...]aytes: knowe well by you, all your other crafte here to borne au [...]ileth you not to purpose. For ye cannot bryng a hooke into a fysshe mouth without a bayte, whi­che baytes for euery maner of fysshe, and for euery mo­neth here foloweth in this wyse.

AS now bycause that the Samon is moste state­lye fysshe that any man may angle to in fresshe water: Therfore I purpose to begin at hym.

[Page] ✚The Samon is a gentyll fisshe, but he is comberous for to take. For cōmēly he is but in deep places of great ryuers, and for the moste parte beholdeth him in y ^e middes of it, that a man may not come at him. And he is in season frō Marche vnto michelmas. In whych season ye shal angle to him with these baites whan ye may get them. First with a red worme in the beginninge & en­ding of the season, and also with a grub that breedeth in a dūghill, and especially with a souerayne bayte that bredeth in a water docke. And he bideth not at y ^e groūd but at the flote, also ye may take him, but it is seldome seene with a grub at suche tymes as whan he lepeth, in lyke forme and maner as ye doo take a troute or a gra­lyng, and these ben well proued baytes for the Samon.

THe Troute for bicause he is a right deynteous fish and also feruent biter, we shall speake next of him. He is in season fro Marche vnto Myhelmas. He is on cleane grauell grounde, and in a streme, ye maye angle to hym at all tymes with a ground lyne, lieng or renning, sauyng only in leaping tyme, and than with a dubbe. And erly with a renning ground line, and forth on the day with a flote lyne.

❧Ye shal angle to him in Marche with a menow han­ged on your hooke by the nethernes w ^tout flote or plūbe drawing vp and downe in the streme till ye feele hī fast

❧In the same tyme angle to hym with groūd lynes, & with a red worme for y ^e most sure. In Aprill take y ^e same baytes, and also Iuneba. otherwyse named .vii. eyes. & also the cāker y ^t breedeth in a great tree & the red snayle.

❧In may take the stone flye, & the [...]obbe vnder the cow tord & the sylk worm & the baite y ^t bredeth on a ferne lefe

✚In Iune take a red worm & nip of the hed and a cod­worme [Page] before vpon the hooke. In Iuly take y ^e great red worme & the codworme together. In august take a flesh flye, and the great red worme, and the fat of the bakon, and bynde them together aboute the hooke. In Septembre take the red worme and y ^e menow, In October take the same, for they ben special for the troute at al tymes of the yere. From Apryll tyll September the troute le­peth, than angle to hym w ^t a dubbed hooke accordynge to the moneth which dubbed hookes ye shall finde at y ^e ende of this treatyse, and the monethes wyth them.

THe Grayling by an other name called Umbre is a ryght delycyous fishe to mannes mouthe, and ye may take hym lyke as ye doo the Troute, and these ben his baytes, In Marche and in Aprill the red worme In May the greene worme, a lytle braysed worme, the docke Canker and the hawthorne worme. In Iune the bayte that breedeth betwene the tree and the barke of an Oke. In Iuill a bayte that breedeth on a ferne lefe and the great red worme, and nyp of the head and put it on your hooke and a Codworme before in August the red worme and a Docke worme, and all the yere after a red worme.

THe Barbell is a sweet fish but it is aquaysy meat and perylous for a mans body. For commonly he giueth an introduccion to the febres. And yf that he be eaten raw, he may because of mannes death, why­che hath often tymes ben seene. These be his baytes. In Marche and in Apryll take a fayre fresshe cheese, & laye it on a borde, and cut it in small square peces of the len­gth of your hooke. Than take a candel and brenne it at the ende at the poynt of the hooke vnto the tyme that it be yelow, & than bynde it on your hooke wyth fletchers [Page] silke, and make it rough like a welbede, this bayte is good all the sommer season. In May & Iune take y ^e hauthorne worme, & the great red worme, & nip of the head and put vpon your hooke a codworme before, and that is a good bayte. In Iuly take the red worme for cheef, & the hauthorne together, also the water docke lefe worme together in august, and for al the yere, take the talaw of a shepe. & soft cheese of eche lyke muche, & a litel honye, & grind or stāpe thē together long & tēper it till it be tough and put therto a lytle floure, & make it in small pelletes & that is a good baite to angle w ^t at y ^e ground, & looke y ^t it sinke in y ^e water, or els it is not good to this purpose.

THe Carpe is a deynteous fishe, but there be but few in England, and therfore I write least of hī he is an euyl fishe to take. For he his so strong en armed in the mouth that there may no weke harneyes holde hī And as touching his baytes I haue but litle knowledg of it, and I were lothe to write more then I know, and [...]aue proued. But well I know that the red worme and the menow ben good baytes for him, at all tymes, as I haue heard saye of persons credible, and also found wri­ten in bookes of credence.

THe cheuin is a stately fishe, & his head is a deynti morsel. There is no fish so strongly enarmed w ^t scales on the body, and because he is a stronge biter: he hath the more baytes which ben these. In Marche the red worme at the groūd, for commonly then he wil bite there at all tyme of the yere, yf he be any thyng hungry. In Aprill the diche Canker that breedeth in the tree, a worme that breedeth betwene the rynde and the tree of an oke. The red worme, and the yong frosh is when the feete be cut of. Also the stoneslie, the bob vnder the cowe­torde, the red snayle, In Maye, the bayte that breedeth [Page] in the osy [...]r lefe, & the docke canker together vpon your hooke, and a bayte that breedeth on a ferne lefe, the red worme, and a bayte that breedeth on a hauthorne, and a bayte that breedeth on an oken lefe, and a silke worme, and a codworme together. In Iune take the creker and the dorre, and also a red worme, the head cutte of and a codworme before, and put them on the hooke. Also a bayte in the osyer lefe, yonge frosshes, the three fete cut of by the body, and the fourth by the knee. The bayte on the hauthorne, and y ^e codworme together & also a grub that breedeth on a dungehil, a great greshop and y ^e humble bee in the medow. Also yonge bees, and yong hornettes, also a great brēdeth fly that breedeth in pathes me­dowes, and the flye that is amonge pismer hilles. In August take worte wormes, and magottes to Mychel­mas, In September the red worme, and also take the baytes when ye may get them, that is to wyte, cheries, and yonge myce, not hered, and the house combe.

THe Breme is a noble fyshe, and a deynteous, & ye shal angle for him from Marche vnto august with a red worme, and then with a butter flye. & a gree­ne flye, & with a bayte that breedeth amonge green reed and a baite that breedeth in the barke of a dead tree, and for bremettes take magottes. And from that time forth al the yere after take the red worme, & in the ryuer browne brede. More baytes there be, not easy, and therefore I let them pass [...].

THe Tenche is a good fishe, and healeth al maner of other fishe y ^e ben hurt if they mai come to him He is moste parte of the yere in the mud, & styreth moste in Iune and Iuly, and in other season but lytle. He is an euyll byter, and hys baytes ben these for all the yere, browne bread tosted with hony in lykenes of a but [Page] tred lofe, & the great redde worme. And take the blacke bloude in the heart of a sheep, & floure & hony, & tempre them altogether, somedele softer then past, & anoynt the red worme therwith, bothe for hys fisshe and for other. And they wyl byte muche the better therat, at al times.

❧The perche is a deynteous fyshe, & passing holsom, and after bytyng. These ben hys baytes. In marche the redde worme. In Apryll the bobbe vnder the cowetord. In may y ^e slothorne worme, & the codworme. In Iune y ^e baite that breedeth in an olde fallē oke, & the great cāker In Iuly the baite y ^e breedeth on the oyser lefe, & the bob that bredeth on a dunghil, & the hathorne worme & the codworme. In August the red worme and magottes, and al the yere after take the red worme for the best.

✚The roche is an easy fysshe to take, & if he be fat & pē ned thē is he good meat, & these bē his baytes. In marche the red worme. In Apryl the bobbe vnder the cow­tord. In Maye the bayte that breedeth on the oken lefe, & the bob on the dunghyl. In Iune the bayte that breedeth on osyer, & the codworm. In Iuly house spies & the baite that breedeth on an oke, & the nutworme, & mathewes, & maggots vnto michelmas, & thē after y ^t the fat of bakō.

¶The Dace is a gentyl fishe to take & if it be wel refert thē it is good meat. In March his bayt is a red worm. And in April the bob vnder the cowtorde. In Maye the docke canker, & the bayte on the flothorne, & on the oken lefe. In Iune the codworme & the bayt on the osyer, and the white grub in the dunghil. In Iuly take house spies & flies y ^e breede in pismer hilles, y ^e codworme & magots vnto michelmas, & if y ^e water be clere, ye shal take fishe whē other take none, & frō y ^e time forth do as ye do for y ^e roche, for cōmōly it is seen y ^t their bitīg & baytes be like

The bleke is but a feble fishe, yet he is holsō, his baitꝭ [Page] frō march to Mighelmas be the same y ^t I haue write before for y ^e roche & the darse, sauyng al y ^e somer season y ^t ye may angle for him with a house flie, & in winter seasō w ^t bakō & other baite made as ye hereafter may know.

✚The Ruf is right and holsome fisshe, & ye shall angle to him wyth the same baites in all seasons of the yere & in the same wise as I haue tolde you of the perche, for they be like in fyshe and feedyng, sauyng the ruf is lesse and therfore ye must haue the smaller bayte.

❧The Flounder is a holsome fysshe & a fre, & a subtyl byter in his maner. For commonly whā he souketh his meat he fedeth at the groūd, & therfore ye must angle to him with a ground line lieng, & he hath but one maner of bayte, & that is a red worme, & that is most chefe for all maner of fysshe. ¶The Gogyn is a good fysshe of the mochenes, & he biteth wel at the ground, & his bay­tes for al the yere ben these, the red worme, codworme & magottes & ye must angle to him w ^t a flote, and let your bayte be nere the botome, or els vpon the ground.

❧The menow whē he shineth in y ^e water, thē he is bitter, and though is body be but litle yet he is a rauenous byter, & egre, and ye shall angle for him with the same baytes y ^t ye doo for y ^e gogin sauing they must be small.

¶The Eele is a quaysi fish, a rauenour & deuourer of the broode of fish, & the pyke also is a deuourer of fish. I put thē bothe behinde al other for to āgle, for this eele ye shal fīd an whole in y ^e groūd of water, & it is blew & blackish, there put in your hooke til y ^t it be a foote w ^tin y ^e hole & your baite shalbe a great āgle [...]wich or a menow. The pike is a good fish but for he deuoureth so manye as wel of his owne kinde as of other, I loue him y ^e lesse & for to take him ye shal doo thꝰ. Take a roche or a fresh hering, & a wyre with a hooke in y ^e ende & put it in at y ^e [Page] mouth, & out at y ^e taile down by y ^e ridge of the fresh h [...]ring & thā put the lyne of your hooke in after, and dra [...] the hooke into y ^e cheke of the freshe hering, thā put a [...] be of lead vpon your lyne a yerde longe from your [...], & a flote in midway betwene, & cast it in a pyt wher [...] the pikes vse, & this is the best and moste surest craft t [...] take the pike. And three maner of taking him there is take a frosshe & put it on your hooke at y ^e neck betwen [...] skin & y ^e body, on y ^e back half, & put on a flote a yerd the to, & cast it where the pike haunteth & ye shal haue hym

✚An other maner, take the same bait & put it in assafe [...]ida, & cast it into the water w ^t a corde and a corke an [...] ye shall not fayle of him. And if ye list to haue a good sporte, thā tie the corde to a goose foote, & ye shal se good haling whether the gose or the pike shal haue the better

NOw ye wote with what baytes and how ye shal angle vnto euery maner of fyshe, Now I wyll tel [...] you how ye shall keep and feede your quicke baytes, y [...] shall feede and keep them all in generall, but euery ma [...]ner by him selfe with suche thinges in and on whych [...] they breede. And as longe as they be quicke & new they be fyne. But whan they be in a sl [...]ugh or els dead tha [...] ben they nought. Out of these ben excepted three broo [...]des, that is to wyte of hornetes, humblebees, and was [...]pes, whome ye shal bake in breade, and after dyp thei [...] heades in bloud and let them drye. Also except mago [...]tes, whiche whan they be bred great with their natura [...] feedyng, ye shal feed thē forthermore with sheeps talow And take good hede y ^t in going about your disportes y [...] open no mās gates but y ^t ye shit thē agayn. Also ye shal [...] not vse this forsayd crafti disport for no couetousnꝭ, t [...] the encreasing & sparing of your money only, but princ [...]pally for your solace, & to cause the helth of your body, [...] [Page] specyallly of your soule. For whan ye purpose to go on your disportes in fisshynge, ye will not desyre greatlye many persons with you whiche might let you of your game. And than ye may serue god deuoutly in sayinge effectually your customable prayers. And thus doyng: ye shal eschew and also auoyde many vices, as ydelnes whiche is principall cause to enduce man to many other vices as it is right wel knowē, Also ye shal not be to rauenous in taking of your said game, as to much at one time whych ye may lightly doo yf ye doo in euery poynt as this presēt treatyse sheweth you, which should lightly be the occasion to destroy your owne disportes and other mens also. And whan ye haue a sufficient messe ye should coueyte no more at that time. Also ye shall besye your selfe to nourish the game in al that ye may and also to distroy all suche thynges as bene deuourers of it.