A DESCRIPTION of the Ciuill VVarres of ENGLAND.
IN this
Platforme are contained (gentle Reader) the seueral battels fought by Sea and Land, at seuerall times and in seuerall places of
England and
Ireland, and the parts adioyning, within these fiue hundred yeeres last past. Description of pictures after the manner of sight, as the plot will giue roomth I haue placed, and in the margent by numbers marked, obseruing the time, yeere, and euent of euery battel, which being performed by me in satisfaction of the honorable desire of certain Martial Gentlemen professors of Armes, & louers of learning, were desirous to see these mixtures of matters of their owne profession, and the passed proceedings of their owne countries affaires, and desired me with my poore labour to further so good a worke: which being finished in large with the liking of the motioners, and good allowance of her
Maiestie, to whose sacred person it was commended, and there contented to haue rested. The counterfeit whereof notwithstanding much lessened and more badly performed, hath since come forth in print, either through the greedy desire of gaine (the bane of all good proceedings) or the gainsaying mindes of such as are enuious to others pains, lest their owne profit thereby be empayred, whose barren inuentions must be supported by other mens endeuours, and their shallow conceites carried through the currants of others springs otherwise runne they from little to nothing.
The silence of
Englands ciuill wars I could haue wished, being the markes of our owne infamies, and staines to be washed away rather with repentance, then againe to be renewed by remembrance: had not these drawne my paines to their owne headlesse inuentions, and shot my shafts from their owne Bowes: for lucre making common that, which in priuate and for great Estates I intended: and by their indirect meanes am inforced to bring mine owne (yet much abridged) to the
Presse. Wherein if it so fall out, as that this my endeuour doe yeeld contentment to them which hitherto haue allowed my labours, I meane in time to come (if God permit) to second the same with another plot of other Warres, performed by
Englishmen in other Countries, against others and forraine forces: a matter of more honour to our Country and pleasure
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[...] to our Countrey-men, in regard the same are accompanied with many famous victories, vnder the Standers of whose Kings, mighty Kings many times haue beene forced to bowe, and Martiall men constrayned to yeeld to
Englands glorious obtained victories. These being for the most part Ciuill Battels betweene meere
English-men of one Nation, wherein the parties victorers, besides the losse of their owne side, procured on the other, the fall and ruine of them that were all of his owne Countrey, many of them of his owne acquaintance and alliance, and most of them perhaps his owne friends in any other cause, then that in which hee contended for. But from this generall argument, to proceede to some particulars, it shall not be amisse to make some diuision of them, according to their seuerall qualities, of the seuerall quarrels in them which are found to be diuers, and of three seuerall natures. Whereof the first were the inuasions attempted by forraine Princes, and enemies against the Kings and people of this Realme. The second were meere rebellions of Subiects against their annointed Princes. And the third dissensious factions betwixt Princes of the blood Royall: of these three, all these effusions of blood haue consisted.
And to begin with the first battell in this plot, which was the first beginning of gouernement of this state as it yet continueth. Such was the attempt of
William Duke of Normandy against King
Harold the sonne of Earle
Goodwin, who preuailed so against him in fight at Battaile in Sussex (a place so called by this euent) as the said Duke was afterward King of this Land, and brought the whole nation vnder his obedience, as it hath beene continued to his posterity euer since. Such was the arriuall of
Lewes sonne and heyre to
Philip King of France against
Iohn King of England, who being carried by his owne ambition, accompanied with French forces, and assisted by the rebellious Barons of this Realme, after variable fortune of fight in seuerall skirmishes, battels, and assaults, was forced in the end, without all honour, or hope to preuaile, to make a very shameful retreat into his own country. Such was also the entrie made by
Iames the fourth King of Scots, against King
Henry the eight of famous memory, his brother in law, and sworne allie, at that time absent in the wars of France, who contrary to his oath and alliance formerly made, entered the North frontires of England, with a mighty Army, had the same discomfited and ouerthrowne, and was himselfe slain in the field by the English forces, vnder the leading of the Earle of Surrey, at that time Lieutenant generall for King
Henry. And especially such was the late enterprise remaining fresh in memory, of
Phillip late King of Spaine, against our dread Soueraigne Lady now raigning, in the yeere of our Lord 1588. attempting by his inuin
[...]ible Nauy as he thought, and so termed, vnder the conduct of the Duke of
Medina Celi, which with great pride and cruelty entended against vs, arriued on our coasts to Englands inuasion and subuersion, had yet neuerthelesse here in the narrow Seas, the one part of his Fleet discomfited, taken, and drowned, and the other part forced to their great shame in poore estate to make a fearefull and miserable flight about the coast of Ireland homeward so that of 158. great ships furnished for warre, came to their owne coast of Spaine but few, and those so torn and beaten by the English Cannons, that it was thought they were vnseruiceable for euer, and eleuen of their ensignes or banners of Idolatry, prepared for triumph and pride in conquest, were contrariwise to their shame and dishonour shewed at
Pauls-Crosse, and in other places of this Realme, to Gods glory, our ioy, and their endlesse infamy.
The second sort of quarrels in these wars, were meer rebellions of subiects against their annointed Princes and Gouernors and of these some haue been priuate▪ and some generall. Of the first kinde for priuate occasions, was that of
Thomas Earle of Lancaster, against King
Edward the second his cosin-germane, vpon mislike of the
Spencers, greatly fauoured by the King, and as much enuied of him, who hauing his forces defeated at Burrowbridge, was there taken prisoner, & after beheaded at Pomfret. Of the same kind was that of
Henry Lord
Percie, surnamed
Hot spurre, &
Thomas Percie Earle of Worcester his Vncle, against K.
Henry the fourth, at Shrewesbury; where the said Lord
Henry was slaine, and the other taken prisoner, and after beheaded in the same towne. So was that of
Michaell Ioseph the black-smith in Cornwal and his company against King
Henry the seauenth, for a Subsidie granted in Parliament to the same King, who gathered a head of rebellion so strong, that at Black-heath neare London, they abode battell against their Soueraigne, but were there taken, and afterward drawne, headed and quartered at Tiburne. Also such was that of
Robert Ket the Tanner of Windham in Norfolk, against King
Edward the sixt, pretended against inclosures and liberty to the weale publike, was at Norwich taken in the field, and afterward hanged on the top of the castle of the same towne. And lastly, so was that of
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[...] Sir
Thomas Wiat and the Kentishmen against Queen
Mary for the bringing in of
Phillip of Spaine, they being cut off at S.
Iames, & himself yeelded at the Court. Of the latter sort of Rebellions being generall, were those of the Barons against King
Iohn, & King
Henry the third his son, in their seuerall raignes. Against the father, in bringing in of forraine powers; & working a resignation of the Crowne & Diadem, to the great blemish of their King & Kingdome. And against the son so prosecuted their attempts, that their warres to this day are called and knowne by the name of the Barons-wars, which had so lamentable consequence, as that after the ouerthrow & consummation of sundry most noble and ancient houses of England, and both parties wearied with warres: the conclusions of peace which ensued are reported in regard of the precedent murthers to be written with bloud.
The third sort of these quarrels in these Ciuil-wars and dissentions, were factious dissentions betweene Princes themselues of the blood Royall, ambitiously aspiring the Crowne of this Kingdome, and titles of Kings thereof: Of which kinde there haue been two most notable knowne amongst vs. The first fell betwixt
Stephen of Bloyse, Earle of Bolloigne, wrongfully succeeding his vncle king
Henry the first, in the Crowne of England, on the one party, and
Maude the Empresse, Daughter and sole heire to the said King
Henry, and
Henry Duke of Normandie (his sonne and heyre, who afterward succeeded the same K.
Stephen) on the other part, which was followed with such variable successe of fortune in many conflicts on both parts, that King
Stephen himselfe was taken prisoner, & laid in irons, with extremity vsed, and the Empresse to saue her life dangerously aduentured thorow the Scouts of the
[Page] enemy, in the snow slenderly guarded, and before that was driuen to such distresse, that faining to be dead, she was laid as a liuelesse coarse in a coffin, and so conuaied away in a Horse-litter. But the second & last of these two, being the greatest of all the rest, was that which happened between the House of
Yorke descended of
Lionell of Andwarpe, Duke of Clarence, second sonne to King
Edward the third: and the house of
Lancaster, issued of
Iohn of Gaunt, the third son liuing of the same King; The occasion of a Ciuill warre that raged most cruelly for a long time together, but at that time most extreamely, when there raigned two Kings, of either Family; one of
Lancaster, Henry the sixt, another of
Yorke, Edward the fourth: betweene whom with the fauourers and followers, there were twelue seuerall battels fought in little more then twelue yeeres space. In so much as one of our owne writers
Edward Hall, the great Chronicler, saith, that in these Ciuill wars betwixt these two Families it cost more English blood, then twice had done the winning of France: and of forraine writers
Phillip Comi
[...], Lord of Argentine in
France, reporteth that it consumed no lesse then fourescore Princes of the bloud Royall: and
Paulus Iouius a Bishop of
Nouo Como in Italy, resembleth the state of these warres to the most tragicall story of the City Thebes.
So let these few examples shewed in these three generall heads, suffice in this briefe Description in stead of many that might be brought; for by these we may iudge of the rest.
Now the benefit that may be gathered by perusing the seuerall sorts of them, shall be to consider, in the first, the blessing of God poured vpon vs, in preseruing our Countrey and Nation against the seuerall inuasions of forraine enemies, notwithstanding their seuerall and many attempts. In the second the fall and ruine of rebellious Subiects taking armes against their annointed Kings, Princes & Gouernors. And in the third the power of God and his heauy punishments inflicted vpon vs for our sinnes, in making the one party the scourge or maule of the other, with reuenging murder by murder, working the depopulation of our fruitfull Country, and ruinating of our Cities at home, with losse and reuolting of the territories in subiection vnto vs by iust title of inheritance and conquest abroad. And in all of them representing vnto vs the lamentable stories of the times fore-passed and gone, to compare with the same the peaceable estate of the happy times possest and present, wherein Martiall men haue leasure to winne honour abroad, the rest to liue in quiet and wealth at home, all factions forgotten,
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[...] and all rebellions surceased and repressed: and for these blessings to yeelde due thankes vnto Almighty God, that hath prouided for vs such a Prince, and so directed her in her gouernement ouer vs, that with ease and pleasure we may both behold the one, and enioy the other, especially in these dangerous dayes of these latter times, when all hostility and outrage of ciuill warres, broiles, and dissentions, haue seemed by the power of the Almighty hand of God stretched forth in our defence, to haue beene transported out of this Iland ouer the Seas into other Countryes, insomuch as notwithstanding this calme security of our owne at home, our neighbour-Nations of all sides abroad, either thorow the licentious tyranny of vngodly Princes, that haue laid persecution vpon their Subiects, or the mutinous dissentions of disobedient people, that haue raised Rebellions against their Princes, haue been so turmoyled with garboyle of warres, as they haue beene pittifully enforced to pray and seeke ayde at her Maiesties hands, and to submit themselues vnder the protection of her, whom with vs they acknowledge to be the very defendresse of the Christian Faith and Peace, and the most naturall Nurse of the true Church of GOD. By all loyall duty therefore, wee are indebted to yeeld obedience vnto her Maiestie, and to her Maiesties most religious gouernement, by whom wee haue receiued such peace as the World doth admire, and following ages to her eternall fame shall record: and with faithfull hearts pray, that peace may euer dwell within her wals, and prosperity abide within her Pallaces, and that the abundance of her peace may continue so long as the Sun and Moone endureth.
Cease ciuill broyles, O Englands subiects cease,
With streames of blood staine this faire soyle no more:
As God, so Kings must be obeyd with peace,
Yeeld thou thy due, to them their right restore:
Wash with repentance, these thine acts before:
Giue loyall pledge, with might resist her wrongs,
That raignes thy Prince, to her thy Sword belongs.
(1) AT Battaile the
14. of October being Saturday, the yeere of Christ,
1066. William Duke of Normandie obtained this Land by Conquest, and slew
Harold King thereof, with
Gerth and
Leofwine his brethren, with
67974. Englishmen.
(2) Yorke burnt and
3000. of the Citizens and Normans slaine by the Danes, vnder the leading of
Harold and
Canutus, sonnes to
Sweno King of Denmarke, for the recouery of the Crowne to the Danish bloud,
1069. W.C. reg.
3.
(3) Malcolme King of Scots inuaded Tefidale, Holdernesse, and Cumberland, charging his Souldiers to spare neither sexe nor age of the English nation, An.
1071. but the yeere following was himselfe forced to doe homage to
W. C. reg.
5.
(4) Elie surprised and won by the Conquerour, the last part of this Land that flood out against the Normans, vnder
Hereward their most valiant Captaine. An. reg. Conq.
7. 1073.
(5) The first seating of the Englishmen in Wales, through the dissention of their Princes, who being called for parttakers, tooke from the Welch that which they could not againe recouer.
1090. reg.
1. Ruf. 3.
(6) At Alnwicke
Malcolme king of Scots inuading Northumberland, with his sonne
Edward was slaine, and all his boast discomfited by
Rob. Mowbray Earle of North. reg.
Ruf. 5. 1092.
(7) Northampton endammaged and the Countrey adioyning spoiled through the ciuill dissention of the three brethren
William, Robert, and
Henry, sons to the Conq.
H. 1. An.
7. 1106.
(8) Powes-land inuaded by King
Henry I. and resisted so by the Welch, being strooke with an arrow on the breast that it had almost cost him his life. Au. reg.
21. 1121.
(9) At Cardigan a sore battell was fought in October
1136. wherein many thousands were slaine, and men by women led away captiues. reg.
Steph. 1.
(10) Bristow taken by
Robert Earle of Glocester in defence of his sister
Maud the Empresse, against K.
Stephen. reg.
3. 1138.
(11) Dauid K. of Scots inuading Northumberland, made his spoile as farre as Aluerton in Yorkeshire, where being encountred by
Thurston Archbishop of Yorke,
Will. Earle of
Albemarle, Wa. Espeke, Wil. Peuerel, and the two
Lacies, August.
22. was with his sonne
Henry put to flight, and ten thousand Scots slaine,
1139. Steph. 4.
(12) Nottingham taken and burned by
Rob. bastard Earle of Glocest. in defence of his sister
Maud the Empresse,
1140. Steph. 5.
(13) At Lincolne by
Ranulph Earle of Chester and
Rob. Earle of Glocest. K.
Stephen was taken prisoner, had to Glocest. thence to Bristow, and there laid in irons. Feb.
2. 1141. reg.
5.
(14) From Winchester
Maud the Empresse, her Armies both of Scots and English dispersed and ouercome, fled to Lutegarshal, to Vies, and thence to Glocester, laid in a horse-litter▪ fained to be her dead corps, and her brother
Rob. taken prisoner. reg.
Steph. 6. 1141.
(15) From Oxford
Maud the Empresse with fiue persons moe, apparelled in white sheetes, to deceiue the Kings Scoutwatch, fled through the Snow, and so scaped that besieged towne. An.
1142. Steph. 7.
(16) At Edmundsbury
Rob. Earle of Leicest. with
Petronill his Countesse were taken prisoners, and
20000. taken and slaine, by
Richard Lucie L. chiefe Iustice, and
Humfrey de Bohun high Constable of England, Octob.
17. 1173. H. 2.19.
(17) At Alnwicke
W. King of Scots was taken prisoner by
Rob. Scotuile, Randulph Mandeuile, Barnard Bailiol and
Will. Vescy Captaiues, his armie containing
80000. fighting men, Iuly
7. 1174. he was sent to London,
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[...] and by K.
Henry carried into Normandy, imprisoned at Roan, and ransomed at
4000. pounds.
(18) At Lincolne all the English Barons with
400. knights that tooke part with
Lewes, were ouerthrowne and taken, May
19. 1217. and first of
H. 3.
(19) At Montgomery
Llewellin Prince of Wales through the practise of a traiterous Monke, ouercame and slew many of the Kings power▪ An.
1231. reg.
H. 3.15.
(20) At Chesterfield a conflict was done, wherein
Robert Ferrers Earle of Darby was taken, and many slaine, An.
H. 3.41. 1256.
(21) Northampton surprised by King
H. 3. against his rebellious Barons, Aprill
4. 1263. reg.
48.
(22) At Lewes, May
12. 1264. K.
H. 3. by his vnfaithfull Barons, with his Brother
Rich. King of Alman, and his sonne Prince
Edward were taken prisoners. There were slaine about
4500. by
Simon Montfort and
Gil. Clare Earles of Leicest. and Glocest. reg.
H. 3.48.
(23) At Euesham, the
5. of August
1265. a sore battell was fought, wherein K.
H. 3. preuailed against the Barons through their owne dissentions, and most of them slaine, as
Sim. Montfort Earle of Leic. and
17. Lords and knights besides;
Humfrey Bohun & with him ten men of great account taken prisoners, with slaughter of all the Welshmen. An. reg.
48.
(24) Berwick woon, and
25000. Scottish slaine, An.
E. 1.24. 1296.
(25) At Bluith
Leolin the last Prince that bare rule of the Britains, cōming from Snowdown, by
Rog. Strangb. was slaine, and his head crowned with Iuie set vpon the Tower of London.
E. 1.10. An.
1282.
(26) At Mitton
3000. Yorkeshire men were slaine encountring with the Scots inuading their countrey, called the white battell, for that it consisted most of Cleargy men. An.
1318. reg.
E. 2.12.
(27) Vnto Preston in Andernesse
Rob. Bruse K. of Scots inuaded England, burned the said towne, and haried the countrey before him, reg.
E. 2.14. An.
1322.
(28) Borrowbridge battell fought betwixt
E. 2. and his Barons, March
16. 1322. vnder the leading of
Andr. Hercley Earle of Carlle, where
Tho. Earle of Lanc. was taken and with him
65. Lords and Knights,
Hum. Bohun being thrust into the fundament thro
[...]gh a bridge was slaine. An. reg.
14.
(29) At Blackamore the Sc
[...]ts following the English army, took prisoners the Earle of Richm. and the French Ambassador, the King himselfe hardly escaped. An. reg.
E. 2.15. 1323.
(30) At Glamorgan K.
E. 2. by his vnnatural & cruel wife was taken Nou.
16. 1326. and conueyed to Monmouth, to Ledb
[...]ry, to Kenilworth, to Corffe, to Bis
[...]ow, thence to Barkley Castle, & there lamētably murdered,
[...].
21.
(31) At Stannop parke th Scots intrenched themselues, and against the English made rim
[...] of disgrace as followeth. An.
E. 3.2. 1328.
Long beards he
[...]tlesse, painted hoods witlesse,
Gay coates grac
[...]esse, make England thriftlesse.
(32) At Halidown hil a g
[...]eat battel fought against the Scots, wherin were slain
8. Earles,
1
[...]00. horsmen, & common souldiers
35000 and their chiefe Cha
[...]pion
Turnbul ouercome by
Rob. Venal Knight of Norfolke▪ An.
E. 3.7. 1333.
(33) Southampton sack
[...]d by Genowaie Pirates vnder the leading of the King of Sicils
[...], yet the townesmen slew
300. of them, and their Captaine brai
[...]ed by a Husbandmans club. An.
1338. E. 3.12.
Carleil, Penr
[...]th, & many townes else burnt by the Scots, vnder
Wil. Dowglas, yet la
[...]tly are ouercome by the manhood & policy of
Th. Lucy, Rob. O
[...]le, & the B. of that sea, an. r.
E. 3.19. 1345.
(35) At Neuils crosse
Dauid Bruse K. of Scots inuading England with
60000. Souldiers, was taken prisoner by
[...]o. Copland Esquire, and conuayed to London with many of his Nobilitie, besides many noble men slaine in the field vnder the leading of
Wil. Yong Archbishop of Yorke, vicegerent, the Lords
Mowbray, Percie &
Neuil, Queene
Phillip in her owne person present, encouraging her people to fight. reg.
E. 3.20. 1346.
(36) The insurrection of the commons vnder the leading of
Iack Straw, Wat Tiler, and others, after many rebellious acts done in Kent and Essex, from Black-heath, Mile-end▪ and Smith-field, were dispersed, where the said
Wat Tiler was worthily slaine by
Wil. Walworth Maior of London, on Saturday, Iune
15. reg.
Rich. 2.4. An.
1381.
(37) At North-Walsham the rebellious commons, by the instigation of
Io. Wraw, who had gathered
50. thousand in Suffolke, and vnder the leading of
Iohn Litisar of Norwich Dyer, calling himself king of the commons were by
Henry Spencer Bishop of that City ouercome, and their rustical king drawn, hanged, & beheaded, who had by violence carried with him the Lord
Seales, the Lord
Morley, Stephen Hales, and
Robert Sale Knights, to serue at his Table, and take his assayes.
Rich. 2.4. 1381.
(38) Neare Hatfield the rebellious commons of Essex were ouercome, and
500. of them slaine by
Thomas Woodstock Duke of Glocest. An.
1382. R. 2.
[...].
(39) At Radcot bridge
Tho. Duke of Glocester, the Earles of Arundel, Warwicke, Darby, and Nottingham, encountring with
Rob. Vere Duke of Ireland, maintained by King
Ric. 2. against them, with
5000. men, slew Sir
Tho. Mo
[...]ineux Constable of Chester▪ and put the said Duke to such strait, that in swimming Thames he had almost lost his life,
1387. reg.
Ric. 2.11.
(40) At Otterborne vnder the leading of
Wil. Dowglas 1100 English men were slaine, and
[...]0000. put to flig
[...]t, Lord
Henry &
Ralph P
[...]rcies sons to the Earle of Northumberland, were taken prisoners, notwithstanding the said L.
Henry had manfully slaine that valiant captaine
Wil. Dowglas at the first encounter,
1388. R. 2.12.
(41) At Flint castle King
Rich. 2. was by the falsenes of
Henry Percie Earle of Northumb. deliuered into the hands of
Henry Duke of Lancaster, and thence conueyed as prisoner to London, committed to the Tower, and shortly deposed: thence sent to Leeds castle in Kent: lastly, to Pomfreit, and there murthered, Feb.
13. 1400.
(*) At Circester the conspirators against K.
Henry 4. were discomfited: the Dukes of Excester & Surrey, the Earles of Salisbury, Glocester, & Huntington, S
r
Th. Blunt &
Barnard Brocas knights, were there taken, and in sundry places beheaded,
1400. Ian.
15. reg.
2.
(42) At Hallidown hill againe another great and bloudy battel was fought Sep.
14. against the Scots by K.
Henry 4. wherein the said Scots were beaten downe and slaine, and besides the losse of many thousand common Souldiers, fourscore Earles, Lords & knights of account were also then slaine. An.
1402. reg.
3.
(43) At Pelale in Wales
110. Englishmen were slaine by
Owen Glendouer, and
Edmund Mortimer Earle of March taken prisoner, reg.
H. 4.3. 1402.
(44) At Shrewsbury a bloody battel was fought against K.
Henry 4 by the
Percies Henry &
Thomas, wherein
Henry L.
Percie surnamed
Hotspur, was slaine in the place called Olde field, and Lord
Thomas Earle of Worcester taken and beheaded: there were slaine on both sides
6600. An.
1403.
(45) The French comming to aide
Owen Glendouer besieged Carmarden and spoiled it. An.
1405. reg.
H. 4.6.
(46) At Bramham-moore
Henry Percy Earle of Northum. with
Tho. Lord
Bardolfe, and many moe, in taking armes against K.
Henry. 4. were slaine by
Thomas Rockley Sherife of Yorkshire,
1408. reg.
9.
(47) On Black-heath twise
Iack Cade (naming himselfe
Iohn Mortimer, captain of the kentish rebels) camped against K.
H. 6. reg.
28. An.
1450.
(48) At Sennocke the Kings power was ouercome by
Iack Cade, and the two
Staffords, brethren, slaine by those rebels: but from Southwarke they were dispersed, and
Cade slaine lurking in a garden, by
Alexander Eden Gentleman of Kent.
1450.
(49) At Dertforth vpon Brent-heath,
Rich. Duke of Yorke incamped himselfe with an army of
10000. men, against K.
Henry 6. reg.
30. An.
1452.
(50) Saint Albons first battell fought May
23. against King
H. 6. by
Richard Duke of Yorke, wherein on the Kings side were
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[...] slaine
Edmund Duke of Somerset,
Henry Earle of Northumb.
Humfrey Earle of Stafford,
Iohn L.
Clifford, with many Knights of valour, and
5000. men on their parties besides: the King himselfe was wounded with an arrow, and but onely
600. of the Dukes men slaine. An.
1455. reg.
33.
(51) Blore-heath field foughten Septemb.
23. by
Richard Earle of Salisbury against K.
Henry 6. the Lord
Audley being generall for the King; where the said Lord was slaine, with many Knights of Cheshire in his part, and with them
2400. persons lost their liues. An.
1459. reg.
38.
(52) At Northampton the Earles of March and Warwick fought against K.
Henry 6. in the quarrell of
Richard Duke of York, wherein the King himselfe was taken and conuayed to London,
Humfrey Duke of Buckingham,
Iohn Talbot Earle of Shrewesbury, the Lords
Beamont and
Egremont were there slaine.
1459. Iune
10. reg.
38.
(53) Wakefield battell fought Decem.
30. 1461. by Q.
Margaret, in defence of K.
Hen. 6. her husbands title, wherein the said Duke was slaine with young
Edmund Earle of Rutland his sonne, the two bastards
Mortimers Knights, and
2200. more: there
Th. Neuill Earle of Salisbury was taken prisoner, and after beheaded at Pomfreit. An. reg.
39.
(54) At Mortimers crosse
Edw. Earle of March, in reuenge of the death of
Rich. Duke of Yorke his Father, obtained a great victory against the Earles of Penbroke & Wiltshire in the quarel of Q.
Margaret, and there slew
3800. Englishmen, Feb.
2. being the day of
Maries Purification: in this battell
Owen Teuther was taken and beheaded. An.
1461. reg.
H. 6. 39.
(55) Saint Albons last battell fought by Q.
Margaret, against the Dukes of Norfolke and Suffolke, the Earles of Warwicke and Arundel, that kept by force K.
Henry her husband, with whom by constraint he held and fought, and lost the field: there were slaine of Englishmen
1916. persons. Februar.
17. being Shroue. tuesday.
1461.
(56) Towton-field a most deadly and mortal battel fought on Palm-sundry. March
29. wherein were slaine of Englishmen
35091. or as other haue,
36776. persons, amongst whom these Nobles dyed. Earles: Northumberland, Shrewesbury & Deuonshire. Lords:
Clifford, Beamont, Neuil, Willoughby, Wels, Roos, Seales, Grey, Dacres, Fitz-hugh, Mollens, Bechingam. Knights: the two Bastards of Excester,
Percie, Heyron, Clifton, Hamys, two
Crakenthorps, two
Throlopes, Haril, Ormond, Mollin, Pigot, Norbohew, and
Burton, with many more Knights, and others not named. K.
H. 6. with such as escaped fled into Scotland, leauing
E. 4. victor,
1461.
(57) Hexam battell fought May
15. against King
H. 6. vnder the conduct of
Iohn Neuil, L. Montacute, wherin
Henry D. of Somerset, with the L.
Roos, Mollens, and
Hungerford were taken. K.
Hen. flying into Lancashire remained there in wants and secret a yeere and more, and whence by deceit he was taken and conuayed to the Tower of London,
1464. reg.
E. 4.4.
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(58) Edgecot-field fought vpon Danes moore, Iuly
26. by the Northren Lords, their captaines being Sir
Iohn Coniers, and
Robbin of Ridsdale, against K.
E. 4. vnder the leading of
Wil. Herbert Earle of Pembrook, who together with his brother
Ric. was taken, as also
Ric. Wooduile, L.
Riuers, brother to the Q. with
Iohn his son, and all foure beheaded,
5000. of their hoast being slaine, with most of the Welchmen,
1469. reg.
E. 4.9.
(*) At Wolney K.
Edw. 4. gathering his hoast to recouer his losse, was taken prisoner by his brother
George D. of Clarence, and
Ric. the stout E. of Warwick, & conuaied to Middleham Castle in Yorkeshire, whence shortly hee escaped to Lond.
1469.
(***) At Stamford the Lincolnshire men, vnder the conduct of Sir
Rob. Welles Knight, instigated by
Ric. Earle of Warwicke against K.
E. 4. were ouercome, and
1100. of them slaine, the rest in flight so cast away their furniture, that to this day the battel is called Losecote field,
1470. E. 4.10.
(59) Barnes-field fought April
14. being Easter-day, by the Earles of Warwick, Oxford, and Marques
Montacute, against K.
E. 4 who led
H. 6. prisoner to the field with him▪ in this battell were slaine
Ric. Earle of Warwick, & Marq.
Montacute his brother. On K.
Edwards part were slaine the Lords
Cromwel, Say &
Mountioy: the slaughter in all amounted to
10000. saith
Hal, 1471. E. 4.11.
(60) At Tewkesbury K.
E 4. obtained the diadem in subduing
H. 6. vnder the leading of prince
Edward, who was there slaine, and Q.
Margaret taken prisoner: there died likewise
Th Courtney E. of Deuonshire,
Iohn Somerset Marques Dorset, & the Lord Wenlake: of Knights,
Hamden, Whittington, Vaus, Haruy, Deluys, Filding, Leukenor, Lirmouth, Vrman, Seamer, Roos, and
Henry: Edm. D. of Somerset was there taken, & beheaded with
Iohn Bough L. Prior of S.
Iohns. May
4. 1471. E. 4. 11.
(61) Bosworth-field fought vpon Redmoore, Aug.
22. 1485. and
3. of
Ric. 3. where himselfe was slain, with
Ioh. D. of Norfolke,
Wa. L.
Ferrers, Ric. Ratclif, and
Rob. Brakenbury Knights, &
4000. more of his company: on the E. of Richmonds part only ten persons, the chiefe whereof was
Wil. Brandon Knight, his Standard-bearer. Earle
Henry was there crowned in the field, and the vnion of Lancaster with York effected, whose ciuill dissentions had cost more English bloud; then twice had done the winning of France.
(62) Stokefield Iune
16. 1487, was fought to arrest
Lambert a counterfeit Warwicke against King
H. 7. where
4000. with the naked Irish were slaine, and with them dyed
De La Pole Earle of Lincolne,
Francis L.
Louel, Tho. Geradine Chancellor of Ireland,
Martin Swart, and Sir
Tho. Broughton, Knights, generall against the King.
Lambert was there taken and made a turne-spit.
H. 7.2.
(63) At Cockeledge neare Yorke, the commons rose and slew
Hen. E. of Northumb. for a tax collected by him, granted in Parliament: their Captaine named
Iohn a
Cumber was hanged at Yorke,
1489. H. 7.4.
(64) Excest. besieged by
Perken Werbeck a counterfeit, naming himselfe
Ric. D. of Yorke, before murthered in the Tower of Lond. after he had indammaged the North and Northumb. was from this City expulsed to Bewdley sanctuary, and lastly executed at Tiburne,
1497. reg.
H 7.13.
(65) This same City was againe besieged by the rebels of Deuonshire and Cornwall the
3. of
E. 6. vnder the leading of
Hum, Arundel, Holmes, Winslow, &
Burie, but was rescued by
Io. L.
Russel, with the L.
Grey, and
4000. of them slaine,
1549.
(66) On Black-heath againe was fought a sore battell by
Tho. Flamock gent.
Michael Ioseph Blackesmith, &
Iam. Twichet. L.
Audley, with the Cornish-rebels, wher
2000. of them were slaine by
Giles L.
Daubeney general for the King, &
1500. taken prisoners. Iu.
22. 1497. H. 7.
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[...]
(67) Floden-field the
9. of Sep. and
5. of K.
H. 8. was fought against the Scots, by L.
Tho. Howard, E. of Surrey, lieutenant generall for the King, where
Iames 4. K. of Scots with
3. Bishops,
2. Lord Abbots,
12. Earles,
17 Lords, &
8000. souldiers were slaine, the dead body of K.
Iames wrapped in lead, was brought to Shine in Surrey, & there cast into a corner, not long since remaining and seene.
(68) At Solommosse
15000. Scots vnder the leading of the L.
Maxwel: by
Tho. bastard
Dacres, and
Iack Musgraue, were valiantly vanquished, and
21. of their nobility (whereof eight were Earles) brought as prisoners to London, and
200. more of great account, besides
800. common souldiers slaine and taken, for very griefe whereof King
Iames fell sicke, and shortly after dyed.
1542. H. 8.32.
(69) Muscleborrow-field fought Sep.
10. 1546. by
Edw. D. of Somerset L. Protector, and
Ioh. Dudley E. of Warw. against the Scots, where
14000. were slaine, and
1500. taken prisoners, onely
60. English then slaine.
E. 6.1.
(70) At Norwich in a commotion led by
Rob. Ket Tanner of Windham,
Wil. Lord Marques of Northamptō was put to flight, and the L.
Sheffield slaine, the City fired, and many outrages done,
1549. E. 6.3.
(71) At Mount Surrey the rebels, with their leader
Rob. Ket, were by
Ioh. Dudley E. of Warwick ouercome & forced to yeeld,
5000. of them being slain, &
Ket taken and hanged on the Castle of Norwich, or as some haue, vpon the Oke of reformation, Aug.
27. 1549. E. 6.3.
(72) Sir
Tho. Wiat with his company of Kentishmen driuen to march from Southwark to Kingston & thence to S. Iames, yeelded himself at Temple-bar, with the losse only of
40. persons on both parts, Feb.
7. 1554. Mar. 1.
(73) At Tadcaster
Tho. Percie Earle of Northumb▪ &
Charles Neuil E. of Westmerland in their cōmotions tooke
200. footmen repairing toward York for the defence of the City against those rebels,
1569. Eliz. 12.
(74) Durham taken by the rebels of the North, vnder the leading of
Percie &
Neuil Earles, which had gathered
7000. and surprised
Barnards Castle▪ were by the Earle of Sussex, lieutenant generall for the Queen, forced into Scotland, and many of their Associates worthily put to death,
1569. And lastly (which God grant may be the last)
Tho▪ late Earle of Northumb. was beheaded in Yorke. Aug.
20. 1572. Eliz. 14.