The Office of a Collonell.

EVery Colonell is to Command ouer all his Officers, Captaynes and others, and all Souldiers or men of Warre of what degree soeuer, that doth put them­selues, or are by superiour Au­thoritie put and ranged vnder his Regiment: and all such, as are to obey his commandement, and obey him as fully as they would doe the chiefest Commanders.

Also, hee shall see all Orders, Commandements, and Directions, which are deliuered him by the publike Officers of the Army, for Guards, Marches, Lodging, or any thing else; for matter of Iustice or for ordering the Troupes, and furtherance of the seruice duly executed or performed, within his owne Troupes.

Further if hee himselfe doe finde any Mutinie, or discontented humours tending to mutinie, extreme out-rage, or disorder; or shall by any of his Cap­taynes, Officers, or Souldiers, bee informed of any such, hee shall forthwith aduertise the Generall thereof; And if he finde any other fault, negligence or swaruing, either from the Directions giuen, or the policy of the Army set downe, hee shall straight way acquaint them, by whom such directions did or was to come vnto him or some other superiour Officer, if hee can conueniently acquaint him with it, and shall produce the partie so offending, with the witnesses and proofes, that order may be giuen forthwith and Iustice done: and if he fayle to giue in this information of any thing he knowes or heares of, he shall be thought deeply faultie; or if any such thing passe without his knowledge, hee shall be thought of worse gouernment then were fit for a man of his place and charge.

Also in Lodging, euery Colonell is to lodge as neere as can bee in the middest of the Quarter assig­ned for his Regiment, because so he may giue dire­ction for the whole.

In March, the Colonell shall be at the end of his Troupes that is nearest the Enemies (that is to say) in the head of his Regiment, going towards an E­nemy, and in the Reere going from them; and he is not to stirre from thence vnlesse it be for the orde­ring of his Troupes or some extraordinary occasion.

Also once euery weeke the Colonell shall call to­gether all his Captaines, and shall enquire of all of­fences in his Regiment, and examine the nature and [Page 3]qualitie of them to prepare the Causes, for a more short and easie hearing in a Marshall Court.

All Colonels shall repayre to a Martiall Court as often as they shall be warned, and shal be assistant to the Lord Marshall in all causes that shall be there in question, or belong to the Iustice of the Armie.

The Office of a Lieutenant Colonell.

THe Lieutenant Colonell, when his Colonell is present, is to assist and obey him, in seeing all directions performed that are deliuered by any publique Officer, or such as shall be within the authoritie of a Colonell himselfe to command; and in the absence of his Colonell, hee shall haue the same authoritie the Colonell hath.

He is to lodge euer on the right hand of his Co­lonels lodging, as neere the end of the Quarter as conueuiently may bee.

In Marching and Imbattelling, whensoeuer his Colonell is in the head of his Regiment, he shall be in the reere of all that Regiment, and when his Co­lonell shall be in the reere hee shall be in the head.

The Office of the Sergeant Maior.

IN the presence of his Colonell or Lieutenant Colonell, hee shall be an assistant to them or ei­ther of them, in seeing all Orders and Directi­ons executed and performed, and in the absence of them both to haue the same authoritie, that the Colonell himselfe shall haue.

He shall lodge on the left hand of his Colonell, as neere the end of his quarter as conueniently may be.

In Marching and Imbattelling, hee shall keepe as neere the middest of his Regiment as he can, but in the Flanke, and so as he may best ouer-looke the or­der of his march or imbattelling.

He is to come to the Sergeant Major of the Ar­my to receiue the Word from him, if there bee no extraordinary cause to hinder him: and when hee hath receiued the word from him, he is to deliuer it ouer to the Sergeants of the Regiment, and to all those to whom it doth appertaine and to see them executed.

Euery Night he is to visite all the Guards of that Regiment, and to keepe account of the turnes of the Watches, Marches, and sending Troupes vpon seruice, to the end both the labour and the honour may be equally deuided.

The Quarter Masters Office.

IN all changes of lodging hee is to attend the Quarter Master generall, and to take the place by him assigned for the quartering of the Regi­ment, in such forme as the Quarter Master generall shall direct him; and then he shall appoint lodging to the Colonels, and to the Officers, according to the places they are to take in the Regiment, and he shall not onely giue the height, the bredth, and the length of the Quarter to the furrier of euery Company, but also the distances from the Trench, if it be not an out Quarter, and the distance of one [Page 5]Company from another, and when the Companies shall lye in Townes and Villages, hee is likewise to keepe proportion and follow the directions of the Quarter Master generall: he shall lodge the Sutlers of that Regiment, in the hindmost part of the Quar­ter, such a distance as the Quarter Master generall shall appoint.

His place is to lodge on the backside of the quar­ter, behind the lodging of the Lieutenant Colonell.

The Office of a Prouost of a Regiment.

HE shall see all Proclamations, Orders, or de­crees, that shall be published by the Prouost Marshall of the Army, likewise published in the Regiment whereof he is Prouost.

Also, he shall safely keepe all Prisoners commit­ted to him, and once a weeke to giue a note to the Prouost Marshall of the Army, of all the Prisoners which is in his charge, and of the causes of their Commitments.

Further, he shall ouer-see all the Victualers of the Regiment, that they sell not their Victuals either at vnteasonable prices or vnlawfull houres, and shall on the other side be watchfull, that no wrong bee done vnto them; and if any bee, that forthwith the partie doing wrong be brought before some Offi­cer that hath authoritie to yeeld redresse, and to that end he shall goe about the Quarter once euery fore-noone, and euery after-noon once, and once in the dead of the night, if it may be conueniently performed.

Also, he shall haue an Account giuen him euery night by the Victualers, what victuals are in the Quarters, and hee shall carry or send those notes to the Prouost Marshall of the Army.

When prizes or booties are brought in, after the Prouost Marshall hath deuided the said prey or bootie to euery Regiment, the Prouost of each Re­giment shall deuide them to the Companies.

It is his duty to see all the Quarter kept sweet and cleane, all garbidge and filth buried, and to suffer nothing that may annoy the Quarter, within such a distance as shall bee appointed him by the Prouost Marshall of the Army.

Hee is to lodge in the middest of the Victualers of the Regiment.

He shall come to the Carriage Master for dire­ction where the baggage of that Regiment shall March, where they shall assemble, and what wayes they shall goe, which directions he shall see perfor­med: After hee bath giuen the first place to the Colonels baggage, hee shall marshall the rest by turnes, as the Companies shall march.

Also, he shall see the wayes made for the Carri­age, and the carriage accompanied with men suffi­cient, and with Instruments to helpe or mend any thing that is amisse in the wayes, or carriages; or if any carriage shall be vnable to goe, he shall prouide that it be no stop or hinderance to the rest.

The Office of a Captaine of foote.

HEE hath proportionably the same comman­dement ouer his Company, that a Colonell hath ouer his Regiment; and so all his Offi­cers and Souldiers are to obey him.

When hee receaueth his Company and his Armes, hee is to choose his men, and to sort them to their Armes, as he shall thinke fit: prouided, that he make his ablest men, armed men, and Musque­tiers: if he be to arme them himselfe, he shall make the one halfe Pikes, the other halfe Musquetiers.

Hee shall choose his Officers, such as others haue had in the like place heretofore, and are of experi­ence and good gouernment, or such as haue made themselues knowne to be fit for the like.

Hee shall deuide his Company into three Cor­poral-ships.

Hee shall take care, and labour to teach all his Souldiers the carriage and vse of their Armes, to keepe their orders in marching or imbatelling, to vnderstand all manner of motions and sounds of the Drumme; to this end he shall haue vsuall times of Exercising, which shall be once aday at the least, till all his men be perfect.

In marching with his company alone, he shall be in the head of his company going towards an Ene­my, and in the reere-ward, comming from an Ene­mie.

In Marching with a Regiment, he is to receiue his directions from the Sergeant Maior of the [Page 8]Regiment, and to martiall his seuerall sorts of wea­pons, as he shall be by him directed: and shall ap­point to euery deuision of his Company, such an Officer as the Sergeant Maior of the Regiment shall direct. And for the place, it shall be where the said Sergeant Maior shall assigne him.

In imbatailing, hee is to order his Troupes as the Sergeant Maior of the Regiment shall direct, to be himselfe where his Colonell or superiour officer shall command him.

In lodging, he shall take his quarter assigned ac­cording to his degree and place in the Regiment, and shall see it built and ordered according to the directions his superiours hath receiued; and that there be deuisions, both of the quarter into squa­drons, and the squadrons into Comradoes or fel­lowships.

He shall haue his quarter kept sweet for health­fulnesse, and quiet for order, especially in the night.

If his whole company bee appointed to march, he shall draw out his company, and stand in Armes ready to march before his quarter, attending the directions of the Sergeant Maior of the Regiment. When he is brought to the place of his guard, he is to take directions of the Sergeant Maior of the Re­giment, for placing of his Corps-de Guard, setting his Centinels, and sending forth his Round, and to see the directions giuen him performed.

Hee is not to abandon his guard till he be relee­ued, and whatsoeuer is discouered, or brought to that Corp-de guard where he is, shall by him bee sent to the Captaine of the Watch, and hee shall still [Page 9]make good his guard, if hee be not commanded by a superior Officer to retyre.

If he heare of any muteny or discontented hu­mour tending to muteny, outrage, or any disorder committed by any of his company within his quar­ter, he shall forthwith aduertise his Colonell; or if hee be not in the way, some publike Officer of the Army and that he arrest and bring forth the partie offending, with such witnesses and proofes as are to be produced, of which if he faile and know it, hee shall be held very faulty, and if such things escape him, he shall be held vnworthy of his place.

He shall see on the other side, to those of his Company that doe better then their fellowes, ad­uanced to place, and incouraged accordingly; and doe right to all of them, both in the pay and in all things else that are due vnto them, and shall as farre as in him lyeth, take care of the sicke and hurt men.

In matter of seruice, he shall doe all that is com­manded him (by any superiour officer that hath au­thority) in the best sort he can, without either ex­ceeding his Commission, or doing lesse.

Lastly, when he is alone with his Company, hee shall be very vigilant and carefull, both in march­ing and lodging, and if he be put to any extremity, yet he must looke to make accompt, and therefore hee shall doe the vtmost, both by iudgement and valour to free his Troopes.

The Office of the Leiftenant of a Company.

WHen the Company is present, he shall be an assistant to his Captaine in seeing all directions performed, that are comman­ded by a superiour Officer, all such as his Captaine hath authority to command, and in the absence of the Captaine, he shall haue the same authority the Captaine hath.

In Marching, if there bee no company but his owne, he shall be at the one end of his company, when the Captaine is at the other end: and if the company march with the Regiment, he shall take such place, as the superiour Officers that haue au­thority shall assigne him.

In lodging, he shall be placed on the right hand of his Captaine, as neere the end of the quarter as conueniently may be, and shall in all seruices, and at all times helpe to keepe the Souldiers in Disci­pline and obedience, and shall performe all things commanded him, which are necessary to bee done by him, with valour and iudgement.

The Office of an Ensigne.

WHen his Captaine or Leiftenant are pre­sent, he shall be assistant to them, or ei­ther of them, and in their absence haue the same authority the Captaine hath.

In Marching, he is to catry his Ensigne, and take such place as shall be assigned him: and if his Com­pany [Page 11]be alone, hee shall either vpon entering his quarter, going out of his quarter, going vpon his guard, or vpon sight of the Enemie, carry his En­signe aduanced and flying: and if he march with a Regiment, hee and all the other Ensignes of the Regiment shall doe as the Ensigne Colonell doth.

In Fight, he shall euer carry his Ensigne aduanced and flying, without offering to vse it in any kinde of offence, being the signe for the Company to ga­ther by, and therefore to be preserued: for which cause for his defence he is to vse his Sword.

If he march with other Ensignes, he shall take such place as shall be assigned him.

The Ensigne shall neuer turne his face out of his order, start from any danger, nor forsake his En­signe vpon paine of death.

Whensoeuer the Drumme shall beate for the ga­thering of the Company together, he shall be in the place, and shall see the Ensigne well guarded, and be ready to march, or doe any thing for the seruice.

The Office of the Sergiant of a Company.

IF all the three fore-named Officers be out of the way by any accident, then the eldest Sergiant is to command the Company as next in place.

In assembling the Company, he shall set euery man in his place, and if any be missing, hee shall seeke them out, and haue power to correct them: and if any be defectiue and not to be found, he is to acquaint his Captaine or Officer with it.

When the Company is assembled and set in order, he shall march in the out side, where he may best see the order of march obserued: and to make the places of Sergiants more certaine, the eldest Sergiant shall march in the right Flancke, and take care from the Ensigne forward; and the youngest Sergiant on the left Flancke, and take care from the Ensigne backward.

Though he is to vnderstand the vse of all Armes vsually carryed, and all things else that belongs to a Souldier, yet he is especially to make himselfe able to direct and lead Shott, because if his Company be alone and haue any fight, he is by custome to conduct the Shott, in which case he is to follow the directions giuen him by his Captaine; or in his Captaines absence, by any of his superiour Of­ficers.

And for his more perticular directions how to lead his Shotte after that he hath brought them vp to that ground, and in that number and order that his Captaine or superiour Officer hath directed him, he shall haue euery man come vp close to him, and see him take his leuell and discharge to a good purpose: as also he shall fee the Shotte keepe their order, as well in going on as in retyring; if he be found with other Troopes, he shall follow the di­rections of him that commands the Troope, and carefully looke to the order of that part on which he is assigned to attend.

The eldest Sergeant shall lodge in the skirt of the Quarter right behind the Captayne, and the other Sergeant in the same sort right beyond the Lieute­nant, [Page 13]and in the Quarter they are both to visite the Souldiers lodgings, and to see them orderly and quiet.

He is also to setch the Word from the Sergeant Maior of the Regiment, and deliuer it to his Cap­taine, Lieutenant, and Ensigne, and to the Corpo­rall that is of the Watch; if the whole company watch, he is to attend, and to see the places where the Centenels are put out, and to visite them all: if they watch by Squadrons, then hee shall lead the squadrons to bring them to their Guard, where hee shal attend vpon any extraordinary occasion by the appointment of the Captaine of the Watch; and whilst hee is there, he is to aduertise the Captaine of the watch, of any extrordinary discouery or acci­dent of any importance.

He shall deliuer such Munitions either of victu­als or of warre to the Corporals of the Company, as hee shall receiue or fetch from the Sergeant Ma­jor of the Regiment.

The Office of a Corporall of a Company.

THough it very seldome happen that he hath charge of the Company, yet if such an acci­dent should fall out, that all the superiour Officers were absent, then the command doth be­long to him.

To his place belongeth properly, the command of one Squadron of the Company, which hee is to deuide into Comradoes or Fellowships, to see all that are within that squadron wel exercised in their [Page 14]Armes, to keepe them and weare them Souldier-like, to deliuer munitions of Victuals or Armes, to gouerne the Watch, worke, or Seruice; and to take care in euery respect, that they doe the Duties of good Souldiers.

When the Drum beateth to the gathering of the Company, the Corporals are immediatly to bee in readinesse themselues, and to call together their Squadrons, with the which they shall repayre to their Colours, and if any of their Squadrons bee wanting without leaue, they shall giue notice ther­of to their Captaine, and shall prosecute the said absence to the punishing of them.

Hee shall haue at the least, a third part of the Company vnder his Squadron, which being deui­ded into Files, hee himselfe shall bee Leader of the chiefe File, and with the same, alwayes to take place on the right hand of his Squadron, which shall bee compounded of one of the two sorts of Armes now in vse: Pikes, and Muskets.

Hee shall not (in case of any default by absence) leaue the place voyd & vnsupplyed, vnlesse the same fall out to be the Leader or bringer vp, whose place shall be euer supplyed by the next.

In Marching and Fighting, the Corporall of the Company hath no command, but of the File which each of them leades; They are to see to the opening of their Files and Ranckes, and to the doubling of the same, to follow the sound of the Drum, and to obserue euery other Motion that shall be comman­ded by the chiefe Officer; alwayes prouided, that he start not out of his place, nor vse any command of himselfe.

When the Squadron is to Watch, he shall at the sound of the Drum assemble them and repayre to his Ensigne, and shall see them fully furnished of their Armes, Powder, Match, Bullets, and all things else, that shall be necessary to the Armes they carry, whereof they shall be supplyed by the Sergeant of the Company.

Hee is to be lead by his Sergeant to the place of his Watch, and from him to receiue the Word and Directions, in what manner and where hee shall place his Centenels, as well by day as by night, which he is to see performed.

His Centinels being placed, hee is to let none passe his Guard without the word, vnlesse the Cap­taine of the watch or the Sergeant Major, to whom after he knoweth them, he is to deliuer the Word, the first round onely.

In taking the Word, hee is neuer to goe further forth then to the Centinell next his Guard, and when the outermost Centinell giueth him warning of the approach of any, hee is to make his Guard stand to their Armes, and to take three or foure out among them, and so attend their comming, hauing giuen direction to his outermost Centinels for that end, to let them passe; when they are approached neare him, he is not to aduance out to them, but to call out one of the company, if more then one come together to him, and so receiue the Word from him, within the defence of those three or foure Sol­diers he tooke with him, who shall haue their Pikes charged, and their Matches cokt, till such time as the Corporall hath receiued the Word, [Page 16]and giues them order to let them passe.

He shall so deuide his Centinels, that euery mans taske may bee alike; hee shall see them changed at due times, and shall now and then visite them vn­looked for; hee must warne his Centinels not to giue false Alarmes, but with as silent noyse as is possible, to aduertise his said Corporall; who vpon any extraordinary occasion, shall make his Squa­dron stand to their Armes, and giue notice of the danger discouered to the next Guards, and to the Captaine of the Watch.

He shall make good the place of his Guard, till he bee called from thence, and not suffer any of his Squadron to leaue the same till he be releeued; and he shall fulfill on his Guard, all Commands that shall be published for the entring or going forth of the Souldiers.

At the comming of the reliefe, hee shall put his Squadron into Armes, and stand ready to receiue them, and when his Centinels are relieued, march to his Quarter.

If during the time of his Watch, any of his Squa­dron shall haue offended, hee is to Commit them, and to acquaint his Captaine and chiefe Officers therewith.

If by any occasion of the Companies remoue, he be drawne from his Guard before the 24. houres bee expired, and that the Company lodge againe within the said time, then shall the said Corporall with his said Squadron, bee in readinesse to watch out the residue of the time, in such place as he shall be appointed.

Lastly, as the Corporall is next in degree to the Sergeant, so in behauing himselfe well, he may pre­tend to the place of a Sergeant, when by any acci­dent it shall be voyde.

The Office of a Lanspreado.

NExt to the Corporall is the Lanspreado, who in the absence of the Corporall, is in e­uery respect to doe his Office; his owne pro­per place is to leade the left hand File of the Squa­dron, and to haue of his owne, and the Files adjoy­ning, the same care for the obseruing of their Or­ders, as is specified in the Corporals Office.

The Office of a Drum.

THere ought to bee two Drums in a Compa­ny, and both perfect in euery necessary sound thereof, who by turnes are to doe all the ser­uices belonging to the place; and therefore in Field or in Garrison, one of them is euer to giue atten­dance in the Quarters, though the Company should at any time be freed of their dutie.

The Drum hauing warning to beat to the gathe­ring of the company, shall goe sounding from one end of the Quarter to the other, twice, and shall re­payre to his Ensignes lodging.

When the Company marcheth, one of them shall sound by turnes: they shall one relieue the o­ther.

When the Company shall bee joyned with o­thers, [Page 18]the Drummes shall take place by the appoint­ment of the Drum Major, and shall sound the same point, and obserue the same time that the Drum doth that is next to the Colonell or chiefe Officer.

It is the office of a Drum, when any of the Com­pany are taken Prisoners, to enquire after them, and to carry their Ransome, which he may boldly doe, after he hath receiued a Pasport from the Generall, or chiefe Commander of Army or Garrison, where the Company is. When hee is come neere to any place of the Enemies, hee is to sound thrice, and not to approach too neere, till hee be setcht in by some of the Enemy; hee is onely to make his arrant knowne, and not to discouer any thing of the state of the place whence hee is sent, that may be preju­diciall to it: and to take as much notice as hee can of all such thinges as concerneth the Enemy, which at his comming backe he shall discouer to the Ge­nerall or chiefe Officer.

It is his duty being in Garrison and haue the maine Guard, not to goe off without leaue of the Captaine of the Watch, and to bee there all Night to beat an Alarme if need require, for which vse he must bee perfect to practice on his stickes, because the Enemy shall take no notice thereof. Hee must beate the Reliefe in the Morning after day breake, and to set the Parado, and at Night to beate Tapto before the Patrole goe aboue.

Captayne of Horse.

THe Captaine of a Troupe of Horse, must take pleasure to bee neatly Armed and well mounted, to giue thereby an example to his Souldiers to doe the like: hee must take care that his Soul­diers bee practuall in performing their Duties, and obseruing Military Discipline, as hee himselfe must be in obseruing Orders, and executing the di­rections that are giuen or sent him from his Supe­riours; not fayling of the houre appointed him to be at the place assigned, with his Company.

He shall take care to teach his Souldiers the vse of their Armes, and see them perfect therein, and also that they keepe their orders in Marching or Imbattelling; that they vnderstand all motions which the Horse are commanded to learne, as also the sound of the Trumpet, to which end, hee shall haue his times of exercising his men whilst he is in Garrison.

In all occasions he is to be first on Horsebacke, to see his Company kept vp in their full number, and [Page 20]replenished with all able Souldiers, to bee able to distinguish from the rest, that are of most valour and courage, as also to bee ready to assist and ad­uance them in all occasions: so also is he to cashere and dismisse from the Company, such Souldiers as hee findes fearefull, lazie, and vnfit for Seruice.

Furthermore, he is to haue (if it be possible) two or three Souldiers in his Company, that are expert in the Countrey and wayes thereof especially be­ing in a frontier place, that vpon all occasions hee may haue Guides of his owne at hand, and ready to serue him; to which men, he ought to giue som­thing extraordinary aboue the rest.

In Marching to his Guard or though any place, hee is to be in the head of his Company before the Cornet, as also going towards an Enemie.

In Lodging, hee is to lodge in the head of the Troupe.

In Imbattelling, with other Troupes, he is to take such place, as his superiour Officer doe assigne him.

When the Lances are joyned with Curasiers, or Harquebusiers, the Captaine of the Lances com­mands the other, and in his absence, the Captaine of the Curasiers; in both their absence, the Cap­taine of the Harquebusiers.

The Lieutenant of Horse.

IT is necessary, that the Lieutenants of Horse, should bee men of great experience, abilitie and valour, such as haue beene nourished & brought vp amongst the Cauolery: ordinarily those that are [Page 21]aduanced to these places, are such Souldiers, that in occasion haue giuen better proofe of their owne persons and valour, then the rest; that haue passed through the other inferiour degrees to that charge, hauing beene Corporals or Cornets.

Hee is to be assistant to the Captaine, in the ex­ecution of all directions and orders; and in the ab­sence of the Captaine, to command the Troupe, many times hauing all the difficulties of affaires and occasions laid vpon him, in regard that the Horse troupes, are often giuen to young Genetle­tlemen of Noble houses, that of themselues haue small experience.

The Lieftenant must be strict and seuere to his Souldiers, making them doe their duties, and what­soeuer else is necessary (precisely and punctually) and also to take care, that they looke diligently to their Horses, and to their Armes.

He marcheth alwayes in the Reere of the Troupe, taking care that the Souldiers follow the Captaine in their order and due distances, and that they dis­band not from the Troupe.

In occasions of Fight, the Leiftenant is to keepe himselfe firme in the Reere of his Troupe with his Sword in his hand, to incourage the Souldiers to doe their duties: and seeing any of them turning or shrinking, to flye from the Troupe, let him kill him, to giue incouragement to the rest.

But if in the absence of his Captaine there be pre­sented any occasion of fight, or that he be to march through suspected places, the Leiftenant must ad­uance vp to the Front into the Captaines place, lea­uing [Page 22]in his place behinde some Officer reformed, or some other person of valour in whom he hath confidence, which may discharge the duty of a Leiftenant.

The Troupe marching ordinarily, or passing through any place, or going to the place of Armes to the Parado, the Leiftenant must in no sort take the place of the Captaine, but remaine alwaies be­hinde as aforesaid, because the Lances and Cara­siers haue their Cornets, who alwayes march in the head, and lead the Troupes.

But in Troups of Harquebusiers that haue no Cor­nets; the Leiftenant in absence of his Captaine, is to take his Captaines place in the head of the Troupes, be it in marching, fighting, or drawing to the place of Armes, as to al other places, sending to the Reere two of his best Corporalls, to doe the office of the Leiftenant; himselfe now and then notwithstanding turning towards the Reere, to see if the Souldiers march in order as they should.

He must reade and write, that he may keepe a List of the names and surnames of the Souldiers of his Troupe, so as any order being sent him by wri­ting, or receiuing Letters from his superiours, he be not constrained to shew them to others: he must also know the abilitie and sufficiency of each Soul­dier, to the end, that there being any occasion to send them out to any place, he may know whom he may best vse and imploy.

The Troupe marching to the guard, and being approched neere vnto the place, the Leiftenant is to goe before to view the court of Guard; and by the [Page 23]Leiftenant, who is to be releeued; be informed of the place of Centinels, both of the day, and of the night, what the wayes are he must beate: and of all other things that by order he is to doe it in that place.

The Leiftenant is bound to place the Centinels himselfe, and to visit them oftentimes, sparing no diligence, keeping himselfe in particuler, continu­ally armed, and his Horse bridled.

The Troupe being lodged in any village, the Leiftenant must take the Billets of the quarter-Master of the Troupe, and afterwards distribute them himselfe to the Souldiers, with as much order and contentment to them as he can before the Cor­nets lodging, who is to make an halt or stand there with the Troupe, and attend the foresaid distribu­tion of the Billets, to the end that vpon any occasi­on, or when any Alarme happens, the Souldiers may know whereto come together, and ioyne themselues to their Cornet: if they shall tarry lon­ger then one day in a place, the Leiftenant is to vi­sit the Horses, to see how the Souldiers gouerne themselues, and that they indamage not their Hostes; which if he finde, to remedy, making the Captaine acquainted with euery thing: and when afterwards they doe dislodge, the Leiftenant must command their fires to be put out, and see it perfor­med.

Going to lodge in any Village or Fort, or to be in Garrison, that the Leiftenant ought so to accom­mo date the extraordinary reformed Officers, and o­thers according to their merits: In all places where [Page 24]they lodge more then once aday; the Leiftenant shall write the names of the Souldiers vpon the Billets, and shall keepe a Register of those Billets, that when their Hosts shall come to make any complaint, he may readily finde their names, and chastise them as he sees cause.

When the Troupe is to march, and that the Trumpets sound to horse, the Leiftenant must bee first in order and on horse-backe, taking care that all the Souldiers doe the like with diligence: and if he finde any of them negligent in this point, be it either through an ill custome, or of purpose to loy­ter behinde and pillage the houses, he must punish them presently with all seuerity, for an axample to others.

It is necessary for the Leiftenant to haue know­ledge of the country and of the waies, there happe­ning many occasions that he is to send out to dis­couer, and beate the coasts about; the commodity of Guides not being at all times found.

In case the Troupe be charged by the Enemie, the Leiftenant with some few Souldiers, being best mounted, must stay behinde.

Cornet.

THe Cornet in the absence of the Captaine and Leiftenant, commaunds the Troupe.

In marching, he goes alwayes in the head of the Troupe (yet behinde the Captaine) who must suffer no man to march beyond the Standard, or to be equall with him.

In occasion of fight, the Cornet of a company of Lances shall take his place on the left hand of the Captaine, and equall in front with him, and going to the Shocke together with him, must indeuour to breake his Cornet or Standerd vpon the Enemy: which Standard falling so to the ground, he is not to take care to take it vp; and if any man shall take it vp and restore it him againe, he must not put it a­gaine vpon his Staffe: nor no new in the place, with­out the permission of the Generall.

In occasion of fight with foote, the Cornet of Lances must likewise breake his Standard vpon the same foote, but neither vpon Foote nor Horse that is turned and running away.

The Cornet of Curasiers in marching goes be­fore the troupe with his Cornet, as also when hee presenteth himselfe in the place of Armes, and when hee is to salute, he is to doe it in the same manner as the Cornet of Lances doth.

In the time of fight, the Cornet of Curasiers, is to take his place in the middle of the Troupe, lea­ning behinde him the two third parts of the Troupe, and the other part that is before, must bee those that be best armed, and the best men.

The Cornet ought to keepe a List of the names of the Souldiers of the Troupe.

In all occasions of Mutiny, discord, and disputes, he is presently to informe his Captaine and Leifte­nant, and to be assistant to the Captaine and Leifte­nant, or either of them, in seeing all directions per­formed, that are commanded by a superiour Officer; as also, all such as the Captaine hath authority to command.

The Quarter Master his Office.

THe Quarter Master is to fetch the word euery night, and the directions from the Sergeant Maior of the Horse: he is to distribute the Billets among the Souldiers, and was wont to de­deliuer out their pay vnto them, which now is gi­uen out by the Leiftenant of the Troupe, though in my opinion not so well; for it were much better, that the Captaine or Leiftenant should call the Quarter Master apart, appointing him the manner how he should pay the Souldiers, to leaue the dis­charge of it to him; which without doubt would giue greater contentment, because the Souldier in this point of his accompt, may speake more freely with the Quarter Master, then the other Officers; who by this meanes also, are deliuered from a great many harsh replyes, which they must ordinarily re­ceiue from the Souldiers, to the diminishing the respect they ought to beare them.

He is to attend the Quarter Master Generall, and to take his orders from him of lodging the Troupe, carrying with him one or two Souldiers, appoin­ted him by the Leiftenant, that he may the better aduertise the Troupe where they shall lodge.

In the absence of the Cornet, Leiftenant, and Captaine, he is to command the Company.

Trumpet.

THere ought to be two Trumpets in euery Troupe of Horse, who ought to be diligent to sound precisely at the times appointed: one of them is to be euer with the Cornet vpon all oc­casions.

When the Troupe doth march, they goe before the Captaine in the head of the Troupe, and in fight in the flancke of the Troups.

In Lodging, the one lodgeth with the Captaine, the other with the Cornet.

Going out of their lodging, either on foot or on Horse-backe, they are neuer to leaue off their Trumpets, but alwayes to haue it by them.

They are imployed in Messages for Prisoners, and other occasions to the Enemie, and therefore ought to bee intelligent men and well gouer­ned, that they may be able to discouer, and at their returne to giue an accompt of any aduantage of disorder or important things, they are able to learne among the Enemies; as also to keepe themselues so as they discouer nothing that may offend their own party.

Briefly, many important seruices may be drawne from them, and good vse made; prouided they bee discreet.

Corporall of Horse.

THough there haue beene some, who are of opinion, that it is not necessary to haue a Corporall in a Troupe of Lances and [Page 28]Curasiers, notwithstanding I finde this Officer ne­cessary; for by the meanes of a Corporall, the du­ties are better distributed; and they themselues goe forth with the Leiftenant to assist him to place his Centinels, when it is the Souldiers turne of their Squadron to doe it: and in sudden occasion of sen­ding out a number of Souldiers, the easiest way is to command a whole Squadron to the seruice: their lodgings also are made, and distributed with more facility: especially when the Troupe is not lodged altogether in one place, and when there are few houses to be distributed; the houses being di­stributed, so many to a Squadron, the Leiftenant giues the Billets thereof to each Squadron, where­by he is to lodge his Souldiers.

In Troups of Harquebufiers, we vse no Corpo­ralls; and they are of better esteeme, because they haue euer beene there: and the Hargubusiers going many times in small Troups; the Corporals haue therefore ordinarily more imployment then the Launces or Curasiers.

The Troupes of Harquebusiers doe ordinarily battle (least rude) and serue for the Vandguard, it belonging to them to send forth their Auant Cur­riers; which charge is giuen to one of the Corpo­ralls, which must bee a man of good experience; that he must be able to know how to acquit him­selfe in a charge of that importance.

If it be necessary to guard a Passage or place of importance, the custome is to send a Corporall with his Squadron thither.

In occasions of fight, we are wont to send out [Page 29]Corporals with their whole Squadrons to the skir­mish, after the Lieutenant is first gone out for that purpose: for hee is alwayes the first.

The Corporals ought to reade and write, be­cause they are to keepe a list of the Souldiers of their Squadrons, to the end hee may distribute vnto them equally their Duties.

The Captaines are conformable to allow vnto the Corporals, an halfe part of the forrage; and giue them the tenth part in a hundred.

Of the Ordering of a Foot Company, and of the Dignitie of each Souldier in their Fyle: With the manner of Exercising now vsed.

FIrst, it is meete for diuers good respects, that your men bee deuided into Com­panies, and the Soldiers of these Com­panies, into their Fyles.

Now a Fyle consisteth of ten Soul­diers armed alike, whereof euery one knoweth his place, all of them standing in a direct line downe­ward, and behind one another, and comprehended betweene the Leader and the bringer vp.

It is likewise necessary, for the giuing of due strength and reciprocall proportion, that the men of each sort of Armes bee so indifferently deuided, both for the number and qualitie of the men, that in euery of the said Fyles there may be an equall di­stribution, both of the better and worser sort.

This may be done, (the number of men being first [Page 31]knowne, and how many of each sort of Armes you haue) by choosing first out of euery of the said sorts, so many of the best men as the whole number will make Fyles through, so many second, and so onwards, still choosing of the better sort, till the tenth man bee chosen.

The men thus chosen shall be deuided in manner as followeth:

The first choise, because they are men of best worth, shall stand in the Front, and command the rest of the Fyle, and these men are to be knowne by the name of Leaders.

Those of the second choise, because they are next in account, are to stand in the Reere or last place of the tenne, and are to bee knowne by the name of Bringers vp.

Those of the third and fourth choise, are to take the fifth and sixth places in the Fyle, and are to bee knowne by the names of Middlemen; to wit, the fifth, the Leaders middle-man, the sixth, the Brin­gers vp middle-man.

The fifth, sixth, and seauenth choise, to be ranged in the second, third, and fourth places.

The eighth, ninth, and tenth choise, to bee in the seauenth, eight, and ninth places: by which discrip­tion it falls out, that the tenth and last place of men (reckoning from the first downeward) taketh the ninth place of the Fyle.

These men thus deuided into Fyles, it will be ne­cessary for the effecting of these thinges, that be re­quired by this Discipline; That as the Souldiers haue their places in the Fyles according to the [Page 32]worth of each man, so the Fyles themselues should haue their particuler degrees and places; to which end, the Companies shall likewise consist of tenne Fyles, which shall take their places one by the o­ther in Front and Rancke, as the Souldiers in euery Fyle did before in Depth.

Following which course, the first Fyle shall stand on the right hand of the rest; the second Fyle in Dignitie, shall stand on the left hand, outermost of the tenth.

To bee consi­dered, whe­ther it were not better to reckon your degrees at the 8. th, 9. th, and tenth Fyle.The third, and fourth in Dignitie, shall take the fifth, and sixth places, being in the middle places of the tenne.

The fifth, sixth, and seauenth, shall stand in the second, third, and fourth places, reckoning from the right hand toward the middle Fyle.

The eight, ninth, and tenth Fyle, in the seaunth, eighth, and ninth places, from the left hand Fyle to the middle Fyle; So that in euery Fyle, the tenth and last man in Dignitie standeth in the ninth place, reckoning from the Leaders downward: & the se­cond in value, the tenth and last place. So among the Fyles, the tenth, which is the Fyle of least ac­count, taketh the ninth place, reckoning from the right hand Fyle, which is the first in Dignitie and account; and the second in Dignitie holds the tenth place, being the outermost on the left hand, as the first is on the right.

These tenne Fyles, I would haue knowne still by their degrees of Value: as first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seauenth, eighth, ninth, and tenth, and not by the places they stand in when they are [Page 33]ranged, which notwithstanding may serue guide the men to their places, because they neuer change their standings.

The Dignitie of Leaders.

ANd as the Soldiers in euery Fyle shall take no place till their Leaders set forward, at which time they are all to follow successiuely, as they are to stand in the fyle that the last man may fall hindermost; so none of the fyles shall take place till the first fyle hath taken his, and then the rest as they are to stand the one by another to take their places, so that still the outermost fyle to the left hand, is to take his place last: which mā ­ner being obserued and due­ly executed, 2. 6. 10. 8. 4. 3. 7. 9. 5. 1. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0. Front Leaders. men are ranged in an instant, without any confusion or helpe of Officers.

Now as in Fyles the dutie of the Middle-man is to keepe those before him in a right line, 1 0. 5 0. 9 0. 7 0. 3 0. 4 0. 8 0. 10 0. 0 6. 2 0. The Dignity of men in their Fyle. and for the Bringer vp to doe the like, to the middle-men and those before them; As also, if diuers fyles bee joyned in one body together to keepe in euen rancke with the others; so are the Leaders of the Fyles also, in the Front to keepe euen with them­selues, and with the other Troupes when any march in or Front with them, and to obserue like distances in their fyles, and to take care either Mar­ching or going to Charge, to keepe such Distances in the body they make; as may bee best for ease, and [Page 34]for the safetie of the men, wherein the two out­most fyles are to vse the greatest obseruance.

The Fyles being ranged, the foure chiefe Leaders (to wit) the right, lest, and the two middle Lea­ders, are to take care that the Front bee kept euen, and that the Distances in all motions, together with the Motions themselues, bee duly obserued; which is easily performed when these soure keepe euen: for the right Leader and his middle Leader, may see that the three Leaders betwixt them doe their duties, and the left hand Leader with his middle Leader, the other three betwixt them.

Now resteth to teach, what bee the other parti­culer Duties of the Leaders, Bringers vp, and Mid­dle-men of the Fyles; as also what the Duties of those Leaders, who in the Body of the tenne Fyles are to doe their Office to the Body, as the others are to euery fyle apart. The Leaders of the fyle ought to be as followeth: As he is the Chiefe of the ten, so is he to be respected and obeyed by them in these thinges: they are to shew themselues in their Armes when bee requireth it; aswell because it is his Office to see them kept cleane, as to teach them the true vse of their Armes: to acquaint them how euery one is to take his place in the fyle, to make them perfect in all manner of Duties, as March, Motions, Fight, Workes, Distances, and Measures: as also to instruct them in the vnderstanding of all Commandements, by Drum or by voyce, or by any other Signall appointed: as also how to behaue themselues in making their Quarter, and making their Cabbins, wherein hee himselfe when he is joy­ned [Page 35]with other fyles, is by his owne due obseruance of the Directions giuen, to shew them the way, and make himselfe their example.

The Bringer vp, as hee is the second in worth, so ought hee to be the second in estimation, and to be held as the Lieutenant of the Fyle (not onely to ass­ist the Leader in euery thing of his Dutie, and in his sicknesse or absence to execute his Office) but to take care also, his fyle being ranged with a Body of Fyles, that his fyle keepe his order duely, especi­ally, that halfe that is next him: for the Bringers vp are of speciall vse in March, Motion, and Fight, as also the Middle-men; in part because they stand apt­ly for the gouerning of the Fyle, hauing euery dis­order in their eye: And if by the turning the Front to the Reere, there be occasion to resist in the Reere, or by Deuiding the one halfe (as it falls out many times) both in Front and Reere, then is hee in all thinges to demeane himselfe, as is before mentio­ned in the Dutie of Leaders.

As for the Middle-men, they are not onely for Distinction sake, (though it bee the chiefe end) but are vpon the Deuiding of the body, sometimes to doe the dutie of Leaders, more often of Bringers vp, because they close the Reere of each Deuision, and are to see those of their fyles before them doe their Duties; But if the Body bee to bend all his force forwards, then is the Middle-man of the fist place to Discharge himselfe, as is before mentioned, and to see that the three Souldiers before him doe their Duties by keeping their Orders, filling and supplying the places of the slaine Souldiers be­fore [Page 36]them, and the Enemy being broken, it is their Duties to stirre them vp to follow the chase sharply.

The Middle-man of the sixt place, is vpon the time of a Charge, to leaue a little space betwixt the other Middle man and himselfe, vnlesse it bee thought necessary to support the first Shocke of the Enemy, by standing closely joyned.

In Fight, both Leaders, Bringers vp, Middle­men, and all the rest in generall, are to keepe their Distances in Fyle and Rancke, diligently to bee silent; and attentiue to the voyce of the Comman­der, to obserue the measures of March and Skirmish duly, not to bend their Weapons or offer Fight be­fore they may well do it, as also not to forbeare it or performe it lazily when time serueth, not to leaue his place through Cowardise or sence of slight hurts, to succeed willingly and readily in the emp­tie place before him, the Souldier that possessed it being slaine, or grieuosly hurt, and no longer able to resist: not to leaue their places for the carrying away of their fellowes that are hurt; not to step vntimely, or presse ouer hastily to the Fight, either exceeding the measure of the March, or before the Souldier before him, by giuing backe, shew that hee cannot make his place good any longer.

This shall satisfie at this time for the Duties of the Leaders, Bringers vp, and Middle-men, with the rest of the Fyles in a Company; wee will now goe forwards to the Distances and Motions, with which they are to be acquainted.

Of Distances.

The distan­ces are all to be reckned from the Centinels of the souldiers: that is, from the midst of the space be­tweene the one mans feet, to the midst be­tweene the o­ther mans feet, that or­ders with him.FOr auoyding of confusion, it shall be good to set downe before we goe any further, what Di­stances you are to obserue betweene the Ranks & the Fyles; which I would haue only three (to wit) open order; order, & close order: your first Distance is your open order, when your men both in Ranke and Fyle, stand remoued sixe foot in square from one another; which Distance you are alwaies to range your Troupe, when you will exercise your Motions.

Your second distances is your order, which is, when the Souldiers in their rankes and Fyles, stand three foot remoued asunder, which is vsed when you will imbattaile your Troups, and lead them a­gainst the Enemie, or when you come to stand, or meane to wheele the Body: For when you march, you are to obserue three foot betweene the Fyles, and sixe betweene the Ranks, vnlesse you march with your Pikes aduanced, in which case you may keepe your meaner order of fixe foot in square.

Because the measure of this Distance cannot be ta­ken so iustly by the Eye, we take the distance of sixe foot betweene Fyle and Fyle, by commanding the Souldiers to stretch forth their armes, and stand so remoued one from another, that their hands may touch, and for the Rankes we make account, we take the same Distance of sixe foot, when the butt end of the Pikes doe almost reach the heeles of those that march before them.Your third and last distance, is your close order, when the Fyles ioyne shoulder to shoulder; and the rancks come vp to the Swords point, which is of vse in some kindes of motion; but chiefly when you will make the Troups seeme lesse, or in the pas­sage [Page 38]of some straight, or when of neces forced to breake through an Enemy, or when you receaue a charge of Horse, or of Foot, that purpo­seth to breake through you.

We take the second order or distance of 3. foote from Fyle to Fyle, by bidding the Souldiers to set their armes a­kenbowe, and ioyne themselues so close, that their Elbows meet toge­ther; and the Ranks when they come vp almost to the swords point.When you meane to charge, you must aduance your Pikes, and close your rankes, to the distance of three foot; and when the signall or word to charge is giuen; then the rankes must close to the Swords point; but this closing of the Swordes point, is to bee vnderstood, of the fiue first rankes, which makes vp halfe the depth of the body; for though the whole body doc aduance their Pikes, and close their rankes, to the distance three foot; yet vpon the signall of charge, the fiue last rankes shall neither couch, or charge their Pikes; nor cloase to their close order, vnlesse there be an expresse command for it, which command, as I said before, is neuer to be deliuered, but when a great Shocke is giuen or sustained; and then it is of vse, for the holding and sholdring forward of the for­most fiue rankes: and as I take it, will be performed with ease and strength, whilst their Pikes are aduan­ced; for it were bootlesse for those to bend, that are without reach of an Enemy, besides the aduan­tage in the vse of these fiue rankes: if you should be charged in the Reere, or vpon any other occasion, and therefore in this sort would I haue the last fiue rankes, with their Pikes aduanced, to attend the opportunity of fighting.

Both the heauy Armed, and the light Armed, are to bee made acquainted with these distan­ces; there are also other Distances, which I [Page 39]would haue the light Armed accustomed to: and those likewise are of three sorts, as the former, which I would haue distinguished by the great, the meane, and the lesse: of your open orders, the great thirtie foot betweene Fyle and Fyle, the meane twentie foot, and the lesse fifteene foot: but though the rankes alwayes obserue three foot; onely the men in the Fyles are to side, or stand stooping, either to the right or left hand Diaginall to the distance: the Fyles are ranged, in either 3. feet, 2. feet, or 1 ½ feet to the hand required, or shall be demonstrated in his place, where I purpose to declare the vse of these Distances, and my meaning herein: your Musketiers are neuer to be closer, then your meane order of three foot in square, because they are to haue a free vse of their Armes.

The Generall motions which the Company or Troupes are to obserue.

NOw that I haue framed the Body, in manner as you haue seene, & particularly inlarged euery part thereof, with the distances to be vsed and ob­serued in all occasions; I may boldly proceed to the orderly mouing of the same, which I would gladly so effect, that the whole Body or Troupe should moue as nimbly, and with as small confusion, as the body of man: which by the due execution of that which followes, may be in many performed. But before I proceed to deliuer the Motions them­selues: I finde it requisite to giue these three rules, which you are euer to obserue.

1. All commands are to bee deliuered in the Front wheresoeuer it be.

2. Whensoeuer the Flanck is made the Front; the shott that are now in the Front, and the Reere, shall remoue and fall vpon the Flancks, the right to the right, and the left to the left.

3. Whensoeuer these words of direction (as you were) are propounded: it is meant thereby, that you are to returne by the contrary hand, to the place from whence you came; as for example: if you did turne to the right hand, you are to returne as you were to the left hand, and so in all other motions.

The motions of Troupes are two-fold, of the whole, or of part; of the person of a Souldier in his station, or of the limmes of the body, constituted into Rankes or Fyles; and these either of keeping or leauing the place they stand in: In that of kee­ping their places, the men only turne their bodyes, the way which is commanded them: in that of lea­uing their places, the whole body moueth into an other place or a part thereof: which motions for the better vnderstanding, wee will distinguish the Rankes and Fyles.

By Ranks, the body changing his place, but so as the Leader of the corner Fyle of that hand, to which the body wheeleth, turnes his body only that way the Manaple moueth, vnlesse in doubling of Rankes wherein it is changed but in part, or by countermarching, which may be done, and the place kept: This is mouing by ranckes, which is to be vsed, when we desire to keepe neere to our first station.

By Fyles, howsoeuer each man in his owne place may alter, or the men in their Fyles may change their places; the Body or maine, keepeth the pro­portion still, vnlesse you make of the Flanke the Front, wherein though the Maniple retayneth his order and so much ground, yet not the same ground.

The motions of the person in his proper place are commanded by these termes of direction: (to wit) to the right hand: to the left hand: and to the right or left hand about, or to the Reere.

The motions of the lymbes, is properly so ter­med, when only some of them doe moue, and the rest doe stand: as in these words of commaund; Rankes to the right or left hand double: Fyles to the right or left hand double, Ranks close forward; Ranks open backwards, Fyles to the right or left hand close, or open to the distance you will haue them.

To the Right hand.If you will make the right Flanke the Front, then are you to say, To the right hand: at the deli­uery of which words, the Souldiers are presently to turne their faces that way; and so your com­mand will be performed.

To the Left hand.In like sort, if you will haue your left Flanke the Front, you must say: To the left hand; and presently they will all turne their faces towards the left flancke: When you will restore them backe againe to their first aspect, you must say; As you were.

By the right or left hand to the Reere.When you will make the Reere the Front, then are you to say; By the right hand about: or, by the left hand about, or to the Reere: at which words [Page 42]euery Souldier is to turne his face to his backside.

Ranks close.When you will close your Rankes, you must say, Ranks close, which is alwayes to be vnderstood, that all the Rankes moue at one instant close for­wards, to the first ranke of Leaders, which is, to stand firme.

Ranks open.When you will open your ranks, you must say, Ranks open; by which is alwaies vnderstood, they are to open backward, vnlesse an expresse comman­dement to the contrary.

Fyles to the right or left hand close.So likewise, if you will close the Fyles to any distance, you must say, Fyles to the right or left hand close, to what order you please, and then all of them turning their faces to that hand giuen, moue ioyntly and wholly togeather, sauing the outmost Fyle to that hand you close, which is to stand firme till the Troupe haue gotten his distance, and if you will restore them, then you are to say; As you were.

When the commandement is giuen for the al­tering any of the Distances by Fyles, Fyles close. without any expresse mention, to which hand they should open or close, Then the whole Troupe is to edge indif­ferently, and at an instant to both hands, towards or from the middle space betweene the two mid­dlemost Leaders. The words of commandment are Fyles close, Fyles open. Fyles open.

There be two sorts of doubling: The one by Ranks, the other by Fyles, and both these are per­formed diuers wayes as shall be shewed.

When an Enemie goeth about to disclose you with the ouer-breadth of his body, it will bee ne­cessary for you then to increase or double your [Page 43]Front, which may be done either by Rankes, when euery second ranke commeth betweene the distan­ces of the Ranke before it, and that either to the right, or to the left hand: Doubling of Ranks to the right or left hand. The word of Directions are: Ranks to the right or left hand double.

Middle-men to double their Ranks, or Front to right or left hand.Or by the Middle-man when the last fiue Rankes doe march vp through the spaces betweene the Fyles, till the bringers vp, middle-men be euen in front with the Leaders: The words of command are; Middle-men to the right or left hand: Double your front.

Or by the bringers vp by Induction, which is, when the bringers vp doe aduance through the di­stances betweene the Fyles; and next after them, the next last Ranke, and so the rest successiuely, till the bringers vp bee in the ranke with the Leaders, and their Middle-men with the Leaders middle­men, and so the second, third, Bringers vp to double their Rankes on the Fronts. and fourth ranks from the front. The words of direction are; Bringers vp to the right or left hand, double the front.

Or by deuision, when the last fiue Rankes doe turne their faces, the one halfe in their fyles to the right hand, and the other halfe to the left hand, and so march forth from both the flancks, till they haue gotten such a proportion of ground or di­stance, as is answerable to the order the first fiue Ranks doe stand in; and then presently without at­tending any further commandement, they turne their faces againe towards the front, and march vp­on both flanckes, till they come euen with the front; Middle-men by Deuision double the Front. The words of command; Middle-men by deuision, double the front.

Middle-men double the body.This also may be performed to either hand with­out deuiding of the ranks, by the marching forth onely of the whole fiue rankes together: But in this case, the Shott on both flanks, or on either, must edge outward, till they haue giuen the Pikes a full distance to come vp betweene them and the for­most fiue rankes of Pykes: The words are, Middle­men double the body.

Double the Front by the Hankes.Or by ranke to either flanke, which is, when the second ranke is drawne out euen with the ranke be­fore it: The words are; Double the front by the flanks.

Or by halfe rankes, when euery second ranke di­uideth it selfe, and increaseth the former vpon each side.

Doubling of Fyles.When you will haue the Body of greater depth; then you must cause the one fyle to mingle with the fiue other, either to the righ hand or to the left; which is termed doubling of fyles; and is perfor­med after this manner.

Doubling of Fyles to the right or left hand.If to the right hand, then is the outermost fyle to the right hand to stand, and the Leader of the second fyle, shall side behinde the Leader of the first fyle: and so of all the rest of the second fyle, be­hinde those of the outmost fyle successiuely: so as the bringer vp of the second fyle, shall come to stand behinde the bringer vp of the first fyle, and so likewise all the other fyles, by euery second fyle: So that the second, fourth, sixt, eigth, and tenth, shall stand within, or goe into the first, third, fifth, seauenth and ninth: all which in a knowne number of fyles may be done at once without confusion or disorder.

But because this manner of Doubling, in the ve­ry orderliest & best performance, cannot but breake the Body, by reason of the disioyning of Fyles: I would rather put the one halfe of the Fyles be­hinde the other halfe, which may bee speedily per­formed, either by the aduancing of falling backe of the one halfe part of the Fyles: the wordes of Dire­ction are; Fyle vpon fyle.

But if you desire to keepe the same ground, then let the one halfe part of the fyle in the Body which is to Double, close their Ranckes forwards towards the Leaders, to halfe the Distance they were in be­fore the Commandement was giuen: And the o­ther halfe part of the fyles in the Body, to shorten their Distances toward the Reere, or Bringers vp, to halfe that they held backwards: By which meanes it will fall out, that the Leaders of the halfe which is to double, will stand a little beyond the Bringers vp of the other halfe: and by Edging of their fyles behind the other halfe, may easily per­forme your Direction; The wordes of Command are these, Fyles double the Body to the right or left hand.

Counter-March.

COunter-Marches are two-fold, for either wee Counter-march the Ranckes, or the Fyles: and these either by changing your ground, or keeping still the same ground. But though to shew the diuersitie of them, the kindes are distin­guished by Rankes and Fyles; yet in the practice [Page 46]you are to nominate neither, but are to say: To the right or to the left hand Counter-march.

Counter-march and loose ground.Counter-marching of Ranckes and altering of Ground are thus affected: When the Command is deliuered, the Leaders turne, and passe through the Distances betweene thc fyles; and when they are passed as farre beyond, the next Ranke turnes after them, and so successiuely the rest in due distance Marching out after their Leaders, till they haue ta­ken another like place from the Bringers vp, equall to that they did possesse, or otherwise passe on fur­ther at the discretion of the Commander.

The vse is, when the Enemy shewes himselfe vp­on your Reere, and you desire to confront him with your best men; the wordes of Direction are: To the right or left hand Counter-march and passe: if you will keepe the same Ground, then thus: The Leaders vpon the Word giuen must turne as before and March through the Distances of the fyles, till they come betweene thc Distances where the Bringers vp stand; and so the rest successiuely. After them the Middle-men, the ranckes of the se­cond Middle-men standing firme, till the fiue first Ranckes haue possessed the place betweene the last fiue, and doe by that meanes double them. Then the Middle-men to the Bringers vp without atten­ding any further Command, shall march till they haue gotten the distance of the Rancks, which done, they shall take their place right behind the Leaders Middle-men: so the rest likewise successiuely, Mar­ching out after one another to the same distance, & shal turne & take their places till the Bringers vp get [Page 47]the places the Leaders marched from, & the Leaders the places where the Bringers vp stood: The words of direction; To the right or left hand Coūtermarch and stand: The very same is done otherwise thus:

Assoone, as you haue giuen the word Counter­march, and the Leaders begin to turne; at the same time and instant all the Body shall mooue forward, and the Ranckes aduance successiuely one after a­nother, still turning after their Leaders as they come vp to the place from whence they mooued, and following them till the Leaders haue taken the place of the Bringers vp, and the Bringers vp bee come into the places of the Leaders; The words are: to the right or left hand Counter-march.

Counter-march by Fyles.The Counter-marching of Fyles, for the man­ner of it is nothing different from the former of Rankes; Onely, when you will Counter-march your Fyles, you must first bid them, to the right hand or left hand, and when they are turned to­wards that flancke from whence you meant to Counter-march, you must say; To the right or left hand Counter-march.

The vse is, when you will passe your Musquetiers all to one flancke, or any Maniple or Maniples to any other Quarter of the Army, either from the right hand to the left, or to the middle Battell, or a­ny contrary.

When you will Wheele the body or Maniple to the right hand, you must command the right hand Fyle to stand firme: Wheeling the Body. then Command them to the right hand; and all of them shall turne their faces that way, so as the whole Body will front towards the right flancke. Then say, Fyles to your order: [Page 48]and all of them shall close forward toward the right fyle, at the distance of 3. foot, and this perfor­formed, bid them; Front as they were: Then say, Rankes to your Order: and all the Rankes shall close forward to 3. foot. And this being effected, Command the right Leader to stand firme like the fixed foot of a Compasse; and all the rest plumpe to­gether, to Wheele to the right hand about him, as the Center, which will bring the Front from the v­suall aspect to the right flanke. Now as the body Wheeles, so the right Leader must obserue to turne his body by Discretion in his place, keeping his aspect euen with the aspect of the rest of the Lea­ders as they winde themselues: and thus your Dire­ctions will bee accomplished. The same thinges to the contrary must bee likewise obserued; when you will wheele to the best Flancke; If you will bring the aspect of the Front towards the Reere, then you must giue them the halfe turne, by wheeling one quarter turne more then you did before.

If you will returne the Body into his place againe, you may wheele it round, by giuing it one halfe turne more, hauing once already had an halfe turne; which will bring that Aspect backe againe that way from whence it was first mooued: But if the Body haue made but a quarter turne to the right hand, then before you wheele them backe, you must say; To the right hand. And all of them will turne their faces that way: then bid the Leader who was the right hand Leader, and is now become the left, to stand firme; And the rest to wheele backe againe about him the quarter turne: then let them Front as they were, and so your first Ranke [Page 49]of Leaders hath gotten the place, from whence at first it wheeled; Then say, Rankes open backward. And when the Rankes haue taken their first places and Distances, then say; Fyles to the left hand o­pen: so all the Fyles turning their Aspect towards the left flanke, march from the right hand Leader (who hath his place already, and therefore is to stand firme) till they haue taken all the first places and Distances, and then they must Front againe as they were: And thus they are restored to their first Ground and Order.

When you intend to wheele a single Company, you must Double their Rankes before they wheele, in regard the Body is but small; but in a Diuision or greater Body, you close both Ranke and Fyle to the Order of three foot, omitting to Double.

The same Precepts are to bee vsed to the contrary hand, if you bee wheeled to the left flanke.

Now wee will say somewhat of Exercising the Pyke, before we come to the Musquetier: The pun­ctuall handling of the Pyke which euery man is to bee practised in, because it is common, wee will o­mit, and proceed to the tearmes of Direction; which are these: viz.

These following Motions are to bee per­formed, both Standing and Marching.

They must obserue when they Charge stan­ding, to fall backe with the right leg, and Mar­ching, to set forward the left: When you Charge to the left hand stand firme with the right leg, & only turne a litle on your left heele.

Now for the Musquetiers, because some Moti­ons there are proper and belonging to them onely For the handling the Musquet and the Postures: wee will omit them, and onely tye you in the Exer­cise to these three tearmes of Directions, which in­clude all the other particularities.

Make ready, Present, Giue Fire.

Your Musquetiers must obserue in all their Acti­ons to turne to the Right hand; and that they carry the mouthes of their Musquets high, as well when they are Shouldered as in Priming; as also when they hold their Pannes guarded, and come vp to giue fire.

All Skirmishes and Fights, are performed one of these three wayes: either by Aduancing, or Reti­ring, or by the Flanke.

In Aduancing towards an Enemy (if they Skir­mish not disbanded) they giue fire by Ranke, after this manner.

Two Rankes must alwayes make ready toge­ther, and aduance tenne paces before the Body; at which distance a Sergeant (or when the body is great) some better quallified Officer is to stand, euen with whom the Musquetiers are to come vp, which they are to performe, one Ranke still one after a­nother; the second Ranke obseruing still to keepe their Musquets vpon their Rests, and to guard their Pannes till the first haue discharged and be fallen a­way; & then presently after them, the second Ranke is to giue fire and fall away after the first Ranke, fal­ling euen behind the other Rankes in the Reere, and falling vp after them: whilest the first two Rankes come vp and giue Fire, the two next are to make ready, and to aduance forwards as farre as the afore mentioned Officer, and no further, assoone as euer the two first are falne away; and they are to doe all thinges in the same manner they did before them, and so all the other Rankes by twoes, one after ano­ther.

When they haue presented, no man must be suf­fered to Discharge his Musquet, till the word (Giue Fire) bee giuen, and then the whole Ranke must be taught to Discharge hansomely and altogether, no man being permitted to take his ayme higher then the Girdle or the Middle of a man.

When you will acquaint them to giue Fire, rety­ring from an Enemy, you must do it in this manner:

As the Troupe marcheth, the last Ranke makes ready; and beeing ready, turneth at an instant to the right hand, Presents and giues Fire; which being performed, they March one after another, a good round pace towards the Front; and there place themselues together before the Souldiers; as soone as the aforesaid first Ranke is turned to Discharge, the Ranke next it makes ready; and when the for­most is Marched away, the second comes vp after the same manner the former did, Presenting, gi­uing Fire, falling away, and performing all thinges in the same sort the former did, so successiuely the rest one after another.

We giue fire by Flankes, thus; The outmost Fyle next you must be Cōmanded to make ready, Mar­ching still along with the body till such time as they be ready; & then they are to turne at the Signall gi­uen vpon the Enemy, & giue Fire altogether at one time: when they haue Discharged, they stirre not but stand firme, keeping their Ground, and Char­ging their Musquets againe. Now assoone as the foresaid Fyle turnes to giue Fire, the outmost next it must make ready, alwayes Marching along with the Body, till the Bringer vp bee past a little be­yond the Leader of the Fyle that gaue fire last, and then the second outmost Fyle, must turne altoge­ther and giue fire, doing as the first did; and so all the rest of the Fyles successiuely one after another. A Sergeant, or if the Troupe bee great, some better qualified Officer, shall stand at the head of the [Page 47]first fyle, and as soone as the second fyle hath giuen fire, he is to lead forwards the first fyle, and so the rest one after another, till he hath gathered vp the whole wing of Shotte; and then hee shall ioyne them againe in equall front with the Pykes.

Another way of skirmishing is this; all the whole wing of Musketiers makes ready altogether, and the first ranke without aduancing, giues fire in the place it stands in, and speedily as it may; yet order­ly falls away, all the ranks doing the same, one after another successiuely.

Now last of all, we will repeate the termes of di­rections, which are these:

This is for the Ranks; but when you will Coun­ter-march your Flanks or Fyles, you must first bid them to the right or left hand; vpon which directi­ons, they will turne their faces to the flanke you desire to haue them turned; and then say as you did before in the Countermarching the Ranks.

After you haue wheeled to the right hand, to wheele backe againe, must be euer to the con­trary hand you wheeled first.

If before the first wheeling, they closed co the right hand, then they must open to the left hand: and so the contrary.

Front as you were.