THE ART OF DIVINE MEDITATION.
Chap. I.
IT is not, I The benefit & vses of Meditation. suppose, a more bolde than profitable labour, after the indeuours of so many cō tēplatiue men to teach [Page 2] the Art of Meditation: An heauenly businesse, as any belongs either to man or Christian; and such as wherby the soule doeth vnspeakeably benefit it selfe: For by this do we ransacke our deepe & false harts, find out our secret enemies, buckle with them, expell them, arme our selues against their reentrance. By this wee make vse of all good means, fit our selues to all good dueties; by this we descrie our weakenesse, obtaine redresse, [Page 3] preuēt tentatiōs, cheere vp our solitarines, temper our occasions of delight; get more light to our knowledge, more heate to our affections, more life to our deuotion: by this we grow to be (as wee are) straungers vpon earth, and out of a right estimation of all earthly things, into a sweet fruitiō of inuisible comforts: by this, wee see our Sauiour with Steuen, we talke with God as Moses▪ and by this we are rauished with blessed [Page 4] Paul into Paradise; and see that heauen which we are loath to leaue, which we cannot vtter. This alone is the remedie of security and worldlines, the pastime of Saints, the ladder of heauen, and in short the best improuement of Christianitie: Learne it who can, and neglect it who list; hee shall neuer find ioy, neither in God nor in himselfe, which doeth not both knowe and practise it. And how euer of olde some hidden Cloysterers [Page 5] haue ingrossed it Which are vniuersall to al Christians and not to bee appropriated to some professions. to themselues, and confined it within their Celles: who indeede professing nothing but contemplation, throgh their immunitie from those cares which accompany an actiue life, might haue the best leasure to this busines; Yet seeing there is no man so taken vp with action, as not sometimes to haue a free minde; and there is no reasonable minde so simple, as not to bee able both to discourse [Page 6] somewhat, and to better it selfe by her secret thoughts; I deeme it an enuious wrong to conceale that from any, whose benefit may bee vniuersall: Those that haue but a little stocke, had neede to knowe the best rules of thrift;
Chap. 2.
THe rather for that whereas The description and kinds of Meditation. our Diuine Meditation is [Page 7] nothing else but a bending of the mind vpon some spirituall obiect, through diuers formes of discourse, vntill our thoughts come to an issue; and this must needs be either Extemporall, and occasioned by outward occurrences offred to the mind, or Deliberate, and wrought out of our owne heart; which againe is either in Matter of Knowledge for the finding out of some hidden trueth, and conuincing of an heresie [Page 8] by profound trauersing of reason, or in Matter of Affection, for the enkindling of our loue to God: the former of these two last wee sending to the Scholes and masters of Controuersies, search after the later; which is both of larger vse, and such as no Christian can reiect, as either vnnecessary, or ouer-difficult. For both euery Christian had neede of fire put to his affections, and weaker iudgements are no lesse capable of this [Page 9] diuine heate, which proceedes not so much from reason as from faith.
One sayes, (and I beleeue him) that Gods Schoole is more of Affection, than Vnderstanding: Both lessons very needefull, very profitable; but for this our age, especially the later: For if there bee some that haue much zeale, little knowledge, there are more that haue much knoweledge without zeale. And hee that [Page 10] hath much skill and no affection, may do good to others by information of iudgement, but shall neuer haue thanke either of his own heart, or of God; who vseth not to cast away his loue on those, of whom hee is but knowen, not loued.
Chap. 3.
OF Extemporal Meditatiō Concerning Meditation Extemporall. there may be much vse, no [Page 11] rule: forasmuch as our conceits herein varie according to the infinite multitude of obiects, and their diuers manner of profering thēselues to the minde; as also for the suddennesse of this acte. Man is placed in this Stage of the worlde to viewe the seuerall natures and actions of the creature; To view them, not idly, without his vse, as they doe him: God made all these for man, and man for his owne sake; Both these purposes [Page 12] were lost, if man should let the creatures passe carelesly by him, onely seene, not thought vpon: He onely can make benefit of what he sees; which if hee doe not, it is all one, as if hee were blind, or brute. Whēce it is, that wise Salomon puttes the sluggard to schoole vnto the Ant; and our Sauiour sends the distrustfull to the Lillie of the field.
In this kinde was that Meditation of the Diuine Psalmist, which vpon the viewe of the [Page 13] glorious frame of the Heauens, was led to woonder at the mercifull respect GOD hath to so poore a creature as man. Thus our Sauiour tooke occasion of the water fetcht vp solemnely to the Altar, from the Well of Shilo, on the day of the great HOSANNAH, to meditate and discourse of the Water of life. Thus holy and sweete AVGVSTINE, from occasion of the water-course neere to his Lodging, running [Page 14] among the pebbles, sometimes more silently, sometimes in a baser murmure, and sometimes in a shriller note, entred into the thought and discourse of that excellent order which God hath settled in all these inferiour things; Thus that learned and heauenly soule of our late Estye, when wee sate together, and heard a sweet consort of Musicke, seemed vpon this occasion carried vp for the time before-hand to the place of his rest, [Page 15] saying, not without some passion, What Musicke may we thinke there is in heauen? Thus lastly (for who knowes not that examples of this kinde are infinite?) that faithfull and reuerend Deering, when the Sunne shined on his face, now lying on his death-bed, fell into a sweet meditation of the glory of God, and his approaching ioy. The thoughts of this nature are not onely lawfull, but so behooueful, that we cannot omit them, [Page 16] without neglect of God, his creatures, our selues. The creatures are halfe lost if wee only imploy them, not learne somthing of thē: GOD is wronged if his creatures bee vnregarded; our selues most of all if wee reade this great volume of the creatures, and take out no lesson for our instruction.
Chap. 4.
WHerein yet Cautions of Extemporal Meditation. cautiō is to be had that our Meditatiōs be not either too farre-fetcht, or sauouring of Superstition. Farre-fetcht I cal those, which haue not a faire & easie resemblāce vnto the matter frō whēce they are raised: in which case our thoghts proue loose & heartles; making no memorable [Page 18] impression in the mind. Superstitious, when we make choice of those grounds of Meditation, which are forbidden vs as Teachers of Vanity; or imploy our owne deuices (though well grounded) to an vse aboue their reach; making them vpon our owne pleasures, not only furtherances, but parts of Gods worship; in both which, our Meditations degenerate, and growe rather perillous to the soule: Whereto adde, that [Page 19] the minde bee not too much cloyed with too frequent iteratiō of the same thought; which at last breedes a wearinesse in our selues, and an vnpleasantnesse of that conceit, which at the first entertainement promised much delight. Our nature is too ready to abuse familiaritie in any kinde: and it is with Meditations, as with Medicines; which with ouer-ordinary vse lose their Soueraignety; and fill, in stead of purging. God [Page 20] hath not straited vs for matter, hauing giuen vs the scope of the whole world; so that there is no creature, euent, action, speach which may not afford vs new matter of Meditation. And that which we are wont to say of fine wittes, we may as truely affirme of the Christian hart; that it can make vse of any thing. Wherefore as trauellers in a forreine countrey make euery fight a lesson; so ought wee in this our pilgrimage: Thou seest the [Page 21] heauen rolling aboue thine head in a constāt and vnmoueable motion; the starres so ouer-looking one another, that the greatest shewe little, the least greatest, all glorious; the ayre full of the bottles of raine, or fleeces of snowe, or diuers formes of fiery Exhalations: The sea vnder one vniforme face full of strange and monstrous shapes beneath; the earth so adorned with variety of plants, that thou canst not but tread [Page 22] on many at once with euery foote; besides the store of creatures that flie aboue it, walke vpō it, liue in it: Thou idle Truant▪ doest thou learn nothing of so many masters? hast thou so long read these capitall letters of Gods great booke, and canst thou not yet spell one worde of them? The brute creatures see the same things, with as cleare, perhaps better eyes: if thine inward eyes see not their vse, aswell as thy bodily eyes their [Page 23] shape, I knowe not whether is more reasonable, or lesse brutish.
Chap. 5.
DEliberate Meditation Of Meditatiō Deliberate: Wherein first, is that wee chiefly inquire for; which both may be wel guided, and shall be not a little furthered by precepts; part whereof the labours of of others shall yeeld vs, and part the plainest mistresse, Experience: Wherin order requires [Page 24] of vs first the qualities The qualities of the person. of the person fit for meditatiō, thē the circumstances, maner & proceedings of the worke.
The hill of Meditation may not be climbed with a profane foote; Of whom is required: First, that he be pure from his sinnes. But as in the deliuery of y e law, so here, no beast may touch Gods hill, lest he die: only the pure of heart haue promise to see God: sinne dimmeth & dazeleth the eie that it cannot beholde spirituall things: The gard of heauenly Souldiers was about Elishaes [Page 25] seruant before, hee saw thē not before throgh the scales of his infidelity: The soule must therfore bee purged, ere it can profitably meditate. And as of old they were wont to search for, and thrust out malefactors frō the presēce, ere they wēt to sacrifice; so must we our sins, ere we offer our thoughts to God. First, saith Dauid, I will wash my hands in innocencie, then I wil compas thine altar. Wherupō not vnfitly did that worthy Chauncellour [Page 26] of Paris, make the first staire of his Ladder of Contemplation, Humble Repentaunce. The cloth that is white (which is wont to bee the colour of innocencie) is capable of any Dye; the blacke, of none other: Not that we require an absolute perfection (which as it is incident vnto none, so if it were, would exclude all neede and vse of Meditation) but rather an honest sincerity of the heart, not willingly sinning, willingly [Page 27] repenting when we haue sinned; which, whoso findes in himselfe, let him not thinke any weakenesse a lawfull barre to Meditation. He that pleades this excuse is like some simple man, which being halfe starued with cold, refuses to come neere the fire, because hee finds not heate enough in himselfe.
Chap. 6.
NEither may the Secondly, that he be free from worldly thoughts. soule that hopeth to profite by meditation, suffer it selfe for the time intāgled with the world; which is all one, as to come to GODS flaming bush on the hill of visions, with our shooes on our feete. Thou seest the birde, whose feathers are limed, vnable to take her former flight: so [Page 29] are wee when our thoughts are clingd together by the world, to soare vp to our heauen in Meditation: The payre of brothers must leaue their nets if they wil folow Christ: Elisha his oxen, if hee will attend a Prophet: It must bee a free and a light minde that can ascend this Mount of Contemplation, ouercomming this height, this steepenesse: Cares are an heauie lode, and vneasie; these must be laid downe at the bottome [Page 30] of this hill, if wee euer looke to attain the top. Thou art loded with housholde-cares, perhaps publike; I bid thee not cast them away: euen these haue their season, which thou canst not omitte without impietie: I bid thee lay them downe at thy Closet doore, when thou attemptest this worke: Let thē in with thee, thou shalt finde them troublesom companions, euer distracting thee from thy best errand thou wouldest [Page 31] thinke of heauen; thy Barne comes in thy way, or perhaps thy Count-booke, or thy Cofers, or it may bee thy minde is before hand trauailing vpon the morrowes iourney. So while thou thinkest of many things, thou thinkest of nothing; while thou wouldest goe many wayes, thou standest still. And as in a crowde, while many presse forward at once through one doore, none proceedeth: so whē variety of thoughts [Page 32] tumultuously throng in vpon the minde, each prooueth a barre to the other, and all an hinderanceto him that entertaines them.
Chap. 7.
ANd as our Clyent of Thirdly that he be constant: and that, First▪ Meditation must both be pure and free in vndertaking this taske, so also constant in continuing it; Constant both in time and in matter: [Page 33] Both in a set course and In his set Tymes. houre reserued for this worke, and in an vnwearied prosecution of it once begun. Those that meditate by snatches and vncertaine fittes, when onely all other imploiments forsake thē, or when good motions are thrust vpon them by necessity, let them neuer hope to reach to any perfection. For those feeble beginnings of lukewarm grace, which are wroght in them by one fit of serious meditatiō, [Page 34] are soone extinguished by intermission, and by mis-wonting perish: This dayes meale (tho large & liberall) strengthens thee not for to morrow; the body languishes if there be not a daily supply of repast: thus feede thy soule by meditation; Set thine houres and keep them, and yeeld not to an easie distraction. There is no hardnesse in this practise, but in the beginning; vse shall giue it, not ease onely, but delight. Thy companion [Page 35] entertaines thee this while in louing discourses, or some inexpected businesse offers to interrupt thee. Neuer any good worke shall want some hinderance: Either breake through thy lettes, except it be with inciuility or losse; or if they bee importunate, pay thy selfe the time that was vnseasonably borrowed; and recompence thine omitted houres with the double labors of another day: For thou shalt find, that differring [Page 36] breedes (beside the losse) an indisposition to good; So that what was before pleasant to thee, being omitted, to morrow growes harsh; the next day vnnecessary; afterwardes odious. To day thou canst, but wilt not; to morrow thou couldst, but listest not; the next day thou neither wilt nor cāst bend thy mind on these thoughts: So I haue seene friends that vpon neglect of duetie growe ouerly, vpon ouerlinesse, strange; vpon [Page 37] strangenes, to vtter defiance. Those whose very trade is Diuinity (me thinks) should omit no day without his line of Meditatiō: those which are secular men, not many; remēbring that they haue a common calling of Christianitie to attend, aswel as a speciall vocation in the worlde: and that other being more noble and important, may iustly challenge both often and diligent seruice.
Chap. 8.
ANd as this Cō stancy Secondly, that he be Constant in the Cō tinuance, requires thee to keepe day with thy selfe, vnlesse thou wilt prooue bankrupt in good exercises; so also that thy mind should dwell vpon the same thought without flitting, without wearinesse, vntill it haue attained to some issue of spirituall profit: Otherwise it attempteth much, effecteth [Page 39] nothing. What auailes it to knock at the doore of the heart, if wee depart ere we haue an answere? What are wee the warmer if we passe hastily along by the hearth, stay not at it? Those that doe onely trauell through Africke become not Blackemores, but those which are borne there, those that inhabit there: We account those damosels too light of their loue, which betroth themselues vpon the first sight, vpon the first motion: [Page 38] [...] [Page 39] [...] [Page 40] & those we deeme of much price, which require long and earnest soliciting: He deceiues himselfe that thinkes grace so easily wonne; there must be much suit and importunitie ere it will yeeld to our desires. Not that we call for a perpetuitie of this labour of Meditation; Humane frailty could neuer beare so great a toyle. Nothing vnder heauen is capable of a continuall motion without complaint: It is enough for [Page 41] the glorified spirits aboue, to be euer thinking, & neuer weary: the minde of man is of a strange mettall; if it be not vsed, it rusteth; if vsed hardly, it breaketh: briefly, is sooner dulled, than satisfied with a continuall meditation: whēce it came to passe, that those auncient Monks who intermeddled bodily labor with their contēplatiōs, proued so excellent in this diuine businesse; when those at this day, which hauing mewd & mured [Page 42] vp themselues from the world spēd themselues wholly vpō their beads and Crucifixe, pretending no other work but meditation, haue colde hearts to God, & to the world shewe nothing but a dull shadowe of deuotion: for that (if the thoughts of these later were as diuine as they are superstitious) yet being without al interchangeablenes, bent vpon the same discourse, the mind must needes growe weary, the thoughts remisse [Page 43] and languishing, the obiects tedious: while the other refreshed thē selues with this wise varietie, imploying the hands, while they called of the mind, as good Comedians so mixe their partes, that the pleasantnes of the one, may tēper the austerenes of the other; whereupon they gained both enough to the body, & to the soule more than if it had beene all the while busied.
Besides, the excellencie of the obiect letteth [Page 44] this assiduity of meditation; which is so glorious, that like vnto the Sunne, it may abide to haue an eye cast vp to it for a while, will not be gazed vpon▪ whosoeuer ventureth so farre, loseth both his hope and his wits. If we hold with that blessed Monica, that such like cogitations are the foode of the minde, yet euen the minde also hath her satietie, and may surfet of too much. It shall be sufficient therefore, that wee perseuere [Page 45] in our meditation without any such affectation of perpetuity, and leaue without a light ficklenesse; making alwayes not our houre-glasse, but some competent increase of our deuotion, the measure of our continuance; knowing, that as for heauen, so for our pursuite of grace, it shall auaile vs little to haue begunne well, without perseuerance: and withall that the Soule of man is not alwayes in the like [Page 46] disposition: but sometimes is lōger in settling through some vnquietnesse, or more obstinate distraction; sometimes heauier, and sometimes more actiue, and nimble to dispatch. Sauing our iust quarrel against him for the Councel of Constance. Gerson (whose authoritie I rather vse, because our aduersaries disclaim him for theirs) professeth, he hath been somtimes foure houres together working his heart, ere hee could frame it to purpose: A singular patterne of vnwearied constancie, of [Page 47] an vnconquerable spirit; whom his present vnfitnesse did not so much discourage, as it wherted him to striue with himselfe till hee could ouercome. And surely other victories are hazzardous, this certaine, if we will persist to striue: other fights are vpon hope, this vpon assurance; whiles our successe depends vpon the promise of God, which cannot disappoint vs: Persist therfore, and preuaile; persist till thou hast preuailed: [Page 48] so that which thou beganst with difficultie, shall ende in comfort.
Chap. 9.
FRom the qualities of the person, Of the Circumstances of Meditation. we descēd towards the action it selfe: where first wee meete with those Circumstances which are necessary for our predisposition to the work; Place, Time, Site of bodie.
[Page 49] Solitarinesse of Place And therin, First, Of the place. is fittest for Meditation: Retire thy selfe from others, if thou wouldst talke profitably with thy selfe. So IESVS meditates alone in the Moūt, Isaac in the fields, Iohn Baptist in the desert, Dauid on his bed, Chrysostome in the bath, each in seuerall places; but all solitary. There is no place free frō God, none to which hee is more tied: one finds his closet most conueniēt, where his eies being limited by the knowen [Page 50] walles, call in the mind after a sort from wandering abroad; Another findes his soule more free whē it beholdeth his heauen aboue and about him; It matters not so we be solitarie and silent; It was a wittie and Diuine speach of Bernard, that the spouse of the foule, CHRIST IESVS, is bashfull, neither willingly comes to his bride in the presence of a multitude; And hence is that sweete inuitation which wee [Page 51] finde of her; Come my welbeloued, let vs goe foorth into the fields, let vs lodge in the villages: Let vs go up early to the vines; let vs see if the Vine flourish, whether it hath disclosed the first grape, or whether the Pomegranates blossome; there will I giue thee my loue. Abandon therefore all worldly societie, that thou mayest change it for the company of GOD and his Angels; The society, I say, of the worlde, not outward onely, but inward [Page 52] also. There bee many that sequester themselues from the visible company of men, which yet carie a world within them; who being alone in bodie are haunted with a throng of fancies: as Ierome, in his wildest desert, foūd himselfe too oft in his thoughts amongst the daunces of the Roman dames; This company is worse than the other: for it is more possible for some thoughtfull men to haue a solitary mind in the midst [Page 53] of a market, than for a man thus disposed to be alone in a wildernes; Both companies are enemies to Meditation; Whither tendeth that anciēt coūsell of a great Master in this Arte, of three thingsrequisite to this busines, Secrecy, Silence, Rest: whereof the first excludeth company, the second noise, the third motion. It cannot be spoken how subiect wee are in this worke, to distraction; Like Salomons old man whome the noyse of [Page 52] [...] [Page 53] [...] [Page 54] euery bird wakeneth: sensuall delights we are not drawen from with the threefold cords of iudgmēt; but our spiritual pleasures are easily hindered. Make choice therefore of that place, which shall admit the fewest occasiōs of withdrawing thy soule from good thoughts: wherin also euen change of place is somewhat preiudiciall; and I knowe not how it fals out, that we find God neerer vs in the place where wee haue been accustomed [Page 55] familiarlie to meete him: Not for that his presence is confined to one place aboueothers, but that our thoughts are through custome more easily gathered to the place where wee haue ordinarily conuersed with him.
Chap. 10.
ONe Time cā not Secondly, of the Time. bee prescribed to al: For neither God bound to hours; [Page 56] neither doeth the contrary dispositiō of men agree in one choice of opportunities: the golden houres of the morning some finde fittest for Meditation, when the body newly raised, is well calmed with his late rest, and the soule hath not as yet had frō these outward things any motiues of alienation: Others find it best to learne wisedome of their reines in the night▪ hoping, with Iob, that their bedde will bring them comfort in their [Page 57] meditation; when both all other things are still; and themselues wearied with these earthly cares, doe out of a contempt of them, growe into greater liking and loue of heauēly things: I haue euer found Isaacs time fittest, who went out in the euening to meditate. No precept, no practise of others can prescribe to vs in this circumstance: It shall bee enough, that first we set our selues a time; secondly, that we set apart that time, [Page 58] wherein wee are aprest for this seruice: And as no time is preiudiced with vnfitnesse, but euery day is without differēce seasonable for this worke, so especially Gods day; No day is barren of grace to the searcher of it, none alike fruitfull to this; which being by God sanctified to himselfe, and to bee sanctified by vs to God, is priuiledged with blessings aboue others: for the plentifull instruction of that day stirtes thee vp [Page 59] to this action, and filles thee with matter; and the zeale of thy publike seruice warms thy heart to this other businesse of deuotion. No MANNA fell to the Israelites on their Sabaoth; our spiritual MANNA fals on ours, most frequent: If thou wouldest haue a full soule, gather as it fals; gather it by hearing, reading, meditatiō: spiritual idlenesse is a fault this day, perhaps not lesse than bodily worke.
Chap. 11.
NEither is ther esse variety Of the Site and gesture of the body. in the Site and gesture of the body: the due composednes whereof is no little aduantage to this exercise; euen in our speach to God, we obserue not alwaies one and the same position; sometimes we fall groueling on our faces, somtimes we bow our knees, sometimes stand [Page 61] on our feete, somtimes we lift vp our handes, sometimes cast downe our eyes. God is a Spirit, who therefore being a seuere obseruer of the disposition of the soule, is not scrupulous for the body; requiring not so much, that the gesture thereof should be vniforme as reuerēt: No maruell therefore, though in this, all our teachers of meditation haue commended seueral positions of body, according to their disposition and practise; [Page 62] Gerson. One sitting with the face turned vp to heauen-ward, according to the precept of the Philosopher, who taught him, that by sitting and resting, the mind gathereth wisedome: Guliel. Paris. Another leaning to some rest towardes the left side, for the greater quieting of the heart: Dionys. Carthus. A third standing with the eyes lift vp to heauen, but shut for feare of distractiōs; But of all other (mee thinkes) Isaacs choice the best, who meditated [Page 63] walking. In this let euery man be his owne master; so bee wee vse that frame of body that may both testifie reuerence, and in some cases help to stirre vp further deuotion; which also must needes be varied according to the matter of our Meditation. If we thinke of our sins, Ahabs soft pase, the Publicans deiected eyes, and his hand beating his breast, are not vnseasonable: If of the ioies of heauen, Steuens countenance fixed aboue, [Page 64] and Dauids hands lift vp on hie, are most fitting; In all which the body, as it is the instrument and vassall of the soule, so will easily follow the affections therof; and in trueth then is our deuotion most kindly, whē the body is thus commaunded his seruice by the spirit, and not suffered to goe before it, and by his forwardnesse to prouoke his master to emulation.
Chap. 12.
NOw time and order cal vs frō Of the matter & Subiect of our meditation. these circumstances to the matter and subiect of Meditation: which must be Diuine & Spiritual; not euill, nor worldly. O the carnal and vnprofitable thoughts of men! We all meditate; one how to do ill to others; another how to doe some earthly good to himselfe; another to hurt himselfe, vnder a colour [Page 66] of good; as how to accomplish his lewd desires, the fulfilling whereof prooues the bane of the soule, how he may sinne vnseene, and goe to hell with least noise of the world: Or perhaps some better mindes bend their thoughts vpō the search of naturall things; the motions of euery heauen, and of euery starre; the reason and course of the ebbing and flowing of the Sea; the manifold kinds of simples that growe out of the [Page 67] earth, & creatures that creepe vpon it; with all their strange qualities, and operatiōs; Or perhaps the seueral formes of gouernement, and rules of State take vp their busie heads, so that while they would bee acquainted with the whole world, they are strangers at home; and while they seeke to knowe all other things, they remain vnknowen of thēselues: The God that made them, the vilenesse of their nature, the danger of their [Page 68] sinnes, the multitude of their imperfections, the Sauior that bought them, the heauen that he bought for them, are in the meane time as vnknowen, as vnregarded, as if they were not.
Thus do foolish children spend their time and labour in turning ouer leaues to looke for painted babes, not at all respecting the solide matter vnder their hāds. We fooles, when will we be wise, and turning our eyes from vanity with that sweete singer [Page 69] of Israel, make Gods Statutes our song, and meditation in the house of our pilgrimage?
Earthly things profer themselues with importunity; Heauenly things must with importunitie bee sued to. Those, if they were not so little worth, would not be so forward; and being so forward, need not any meditation to solicite them: These by how much more hard they are to intreate, by so much more precious they are being obtained; [Page 70] and therfore worthier our indeuour: As then we cannot goe amisse, so long as wee keepe our selues in the tracke of Diuinitie; while the soule is taken vp with the thoughts, either of the Deitie in his essence, and persons (sparingly yet in this point, and more in faith and admiration then inquiry) or of his attributes, his iustice, power, wisedome, mercie, trueth; or of his works, in the creation, preseruation, gouernement [Page 71] of all things, according to the Psalmist, I will meditate of the beautie of thy glorious Maiestie, and thy wonderfull workes; so most directly in our way, and best fitting our exercise of Meditation are those matters in Diuinity, which can most of all worke compunction in the hart, & most stirre vs vp to deuotiō: Of which kind are the Meditatiōs concerning CHRIST IESVS, our Mediatour, his Incarnation, Miracles, Life, Passion, Burial, [Page 72] Resurrection, Ascension, Intercessiō, the benefit of our Redēption, the certaintie of our Election, the graces and proceeding of our sanctification, our glorious estate in Paradise lost in our first Parents, our present vilenes, our inclination to sin, our seuerall actuall offences; the tētations & sleights of euill Angels, the vse of the Sacraments, nature & practise of faith & repentance: the miseries of our-life, with the frailty of it, the certainty [Page 73] and vncertainty of our death, the glory of Gods Saints aboue, the awfulnes of iudgement, the terrors of hel, and the rest of this qualitie: wherein both it is fit to haue variety (for that euen the strongest stomacke doeth not alwayes delight in one dish) & yet so to chāge, that our choice may be free from wildnesse and inconstancie.
Chap. 13.
NOW after that we haue The order of the worke it selfe. thus orderly suited the person & his qualities, with the due circūstances of Time, Place, disposition of body, and substance of the matter discussed; I knowe not what can remaine, besides the maine busines it selfe, and the maner and degrees of our prosecution thereof; which [Page 75] aboue all other calles for an intentiue Reader, and resolute practise; Wherein, that we may auoide all nicenesse and obscurity (since wee striue to profit) we will giue direction for the Entrance, Proceeding, Conclusion of this Diuine worke.
Chap. 14.
A Goodly building The Entrāce into the worke. must shew some magnificence in the gate: and great personages haue seemely Vshers to goe before them; who by their vncouered heads commaund reuerence and way; Euen verie Poets of old had wont, before their Ballads, to implore the aid of their Gods: And the heathen [Page 77] Romans entred not vpō any publike ciuile busines, without a solemne apprecation of good successe: How much lesse should a Christian dare to vndertake a spirituall 1. The cō mon entrance, which is Prayer. worke of such importāce, not hauing craued the assistance of his GOD? which (me thinkes) is no lesse, than to professe hee could doe well without Gods leaue. When we thinke euill, it is frō our selues, when good from God. As prayer is our speach to God, so is each good [Page 78] Meditation (according to Bernard) GODS speach to the heart; The heart must speake to God, that God may speake to it. Prayer therefore, and Meditation are as those famous twinnes in the storie, or as two louing Turtles, whereof separate one, the other languishes.
Prayer makes way for Meditation; Meditation giues matter, strength, and life to our prayers. By which, as all other things are sanctified [Page 79] to vs, so we are sanctified to all holy things: This is as some royall Eunuch to perfume and dresse our soules, that they may be fit to conuerse with the King of heauen.
But the prayer that leades in Meditation would not be long, requiring rather that the extension and length should be put into the vigor and feruencie of it; for that it is not here intended to be the principall businesse, but an introductiō to another; [Page 80] and no otherwise than as a Portall to this building of Meditation: The matter whereof shall be, that the course of our Meditation may bee guided aright and blessed; that all distractions may be auoided; our iudgements inlightened, our inuentions quickned, our willes rectified, our affections whetted to heauenly things, our harts enlarged to God-ward, our deuotion enkindled; so that we may finde our corruptiōs abated, our [Page 81] graces thriuē, oursoules & liues euery way bettered by this exercise.
Chap. 15.
SVch is the cō mon Particular & proper entrance into the matter, which is in our choice thereof. entrance into this work: There is another yet more particular & proper; wherein the mind recollecting it self, maketh choice of that Theme or matter wherupon it will bestowe it selfe for the present; settling it selfe on that [Page 82] which it hath chosen: which is done by an inward inquisition made into our heart of what we both doe, & should thinke vpon: reiecting what is vnexpedient & vnprofitable: In both which, the soule, like vnto some noble Hauk, lets passe the Crowes, and Larkes, and such other worthlesse birdes that crosse her way, and stoopeth vpon a foule of price, worthy of her flight: after this manner,
What wilt thou muze [Page 83] vpon, O my soule? thou seest how little it auailes thee to wander and roue about in vncertainties: thou findest how little sauour there is in these earthly things, wherewith thou hast wearied thy selfe; Trouble not thy self any longer (with Martha) about the many & needlesse thoughts of the world: None but heauenly things can afford thee comfort: Vp then my soule, and mind those things that are aboue, whence thy selfe art: Amongst all which, [Page 84] whereon shouldest thou rather meditate than of the life & glory of Gods Saints. A worthier employment thou canst neuer finde, than to thinke vpon that estate, thou shalt once possesse, and now desirest.
Chap. 16.
HItherto the Entrāce; after The proceeding of our meditation. which our Meditation must Proceed in due order, not troubledly, not preposterously: It [Page 85] begins in the vnderstā ding, ends in the affections; It begins in the braine, descends to the heart; Begins on earth, ascends to heauen; Not suddenly, but by certain staires & degrees, til we come to the highest.
I haue found a subtill And therin a Methode allowed by some authors, reiected by vs. Scale of Meditation, admired by some professors of this Arte, aboue all other humane deuises; and farre preferred by them to the best directiōs of Origen, Austen, Bernard, Hugo, Bonauenture, Gerson, [Page 86] and whosoeuer hath been reputed of greatest perfection in this skil: The seueral staires whereof (lest I should seeme to defraud my Reader through enuie) I would willingly describe, were it not that I feared to scarre him rather with the danger of obscurity, from venturing further vpon this so worthy a businesse: yet, lest any man perhaps might complaine of an vnknowen losse, my Margent shall find roume for that, which I [Page 87] hold too knotty for my Text.
The scale of Meditation of an Author, ancient, but namelesse. * Degrees of Preparation. 1. Question. What I thinke. should think. 2. Excussion. A repelling of what I should not thinke. 3. Choice, or Election. Of what most necessary. expedient comely. * Degrees of proceeding in the vnderstanding. 4. Commemoration. An actual thinking vpon the matter elected. 5 Conseleration. A redoubled Commemoration of the same, till it be fully knowen. 6. Attention. A fixed and earnest cōsideratiō: wherby it is fastened in the mind. 7 Explanation. A cleering of the thing considered by similitudes. 8 Tractation. An extending the thing considered to other points: where all questions of doubt are discussed. 9. Diindication. An estimation of the worth of the thing thus handled. 10. Cons [...]tion A confirmation of the estimation thus made 11. Rumination. A sad and serious Meditation of all the former, till it may worke vpon the affections. From hence to the degrees of affection. In all which, (after the incredible commendations of some practicioners) I doubt not but an ordinary Reader will easily espie a double fault at the least, Darkenesse and Coincidence; that they are both too obscurely deliuered, and that diuers of them fal into other, not without som vain [Page 88] superfluity. For this part therfore which cōcerneth the vnderstāding, I had rather to require only a deep and firme Consideration of the thing propounded; which shall be done, if we followe it in our discourse, through all, or the principall of those places which natural reasō doth afford vs: wherein let no man plead ignorāce, [Page 89] or feare difficulty: we are all thus farre borne Logicians; Neither is there in this so much need of skil, as of industry. In which cours yet, we may not be too curious in a precise search of euery place, & argumēt without omissiō of any (though to be fetcht in with racking the inuētiō). For as the mind, if it go loose and without rule, roues to no purpose; so if it be too much fettred with the giues of strict regularity moueth nothing at all.
Chap. 17.
ERe I enter Premonitions concerning our proceeding in the first part of Meditation. therfore into any particular tractatiō, There are three things whereof I would premonish my Reader, concerning this first part which is in the vnderstanding. First, that I desire not to binde euery man to the same vniforme proceeding in this part. Practise and custome may perhaps [Page 91] haue taught other courses more familiar, and not lesse direct: If then we can, by anie other method, worke in our hearts so deepe an apprehension of the matter meditated, as it may duely stirre the affections, it is that only wee require.
Secondly, that whosoeuer applieth himself to this direction, thinke him not necessarily tyed to the prosecution of all these Logicall places, which hee findes in the sequell of our [Page 92] Treatise, so as his Meditation should be lame and imperfect without the whole number: for ther are some Themes which wil not beare all these; as when we meditate of God, there is no roume for Causes or Comparisons; & others yeeld thē with such difficultie, that their search interrupteth the chiefe work intēded: It shalbe sufficient if we take the most pregnant, & most voluntary.
Thirdly, that whē we sticke in the disquisitiō [Page 93] of any the places following, as if meditating of Sin, I cannot readily meet with the Material & Formal Causes, or the Appendances of it, wee rack not our minds too much with the inquiry thereof; which were to striue more for Logique, than deuotion: But without too much disturbaunce of our thoughts, quietly passe ouer to the next. If we breake our teeth with the shell, we shall finde small pleasure in the kernell.
[Page 94] Now then, for that my onely feare is, lest this part of my discourse shall seeme ouer perplexed vnto the vnlearned Reader; I will in this whole processe, second my rule with his example; that so what might seeme obscure in the one, may by the other be explaned; and the same steps he sees me take in this, hee may accordingly treade in any other Theme.
Chap. 18.
FIrst therfore The practise of Meditation; wherin First, wee begin with some description of that we meditate of. it shalbe expedient to consider seriously, what the thing is whereof wee meditate.
What then, O my soule, is the life of the Saints, whereof thou studiest? who are the Saints, but those which hauing been weakely holy vpon earth, are perfectly holy aboue? which euen on earth [Page 96] were perfectly holy in their Sauiour, now are so in themselues? Which, ouercomming on earth, are truely canonized in heauen? What is their life, but that blessed estate aboue, wherein their glorified soule hath a full fruition of God?
Chap. 19.
THe nature wherof after Secondly, followes an easie & voluntary diuision of the matter meditated we haue thus shadowed out to our selues by a descriptiō, not curious alwaies, & exactly framed according to the rules of arte, but sufficient for our own conceit; the next is (if it shal seeme needfull, or if the matter will beare, or offer it) some easie and voluntary diuision, whereby our thoughts [Page 98] shall haue more roume made for them, and our proceeding shall bee more distinct.
There is a life of nature, whē thou, my soule, dwellest in this body, and informest thine earthly burden: There is a life of grace, when the spirit of God dwels in thee; There is a life of glory, whē thy body being vnited to thee, both shall bee vnited to God; or when, in the meane time, being separated from thy companiō, thou enioyest God alone: This life of thine [Page 99] therefore, as the other, hath his ages, hath his statures; for it enters vpon his birth, whē thou passest out of thy body, and changest this earthly house for an heauenly: It enters into his full vigor, when at the day of the common resurrection, thou resumest this thy companion, vnlike to it selfe, like to thee, like to thy Sauiour, immortall now, and glorious. In this life there may be degrees, there can be no imperfection: If some be like the skie, others like [Page 100] the starres, yet all shine; If some sit at their Sauiours right hand, others at his left, all are blessed; If some vessels hold more, all are full; none complaynes of want, none enuies at him that hath more.
Chap. 20.
WHich done it shalbe requisite 3. A consideration of the causes therof in al kinds of them. for our perfiter vnderstanding, and for the laying grounds of matter for our affection, to carie it through those other principall places, and heads of reason, which nature hath taught euery man, both for knowledge & amplification: The first whereof are the Causes of all sorts.
[Page 102] Whence is this eternal life, but from him which onely is eternall; which onely is the fountaine of life, yea, life it selfe? Who but the same God that giues our temporall life, giues also that eternall? The Father bestowes it, the Sonne merits it, the holy Ghost seales and applies it: Expect it onely from him, O my soule, whose frecelectiō gaue thee the first title to it, to bee purchased by the blood of thy Sauiour. For thou shall not therefore be happie, [Page 103] because hee sawe thou wouldest bee good; but therefore art thou good, because he hath ordained thou shalt be happie: He hath ordained thee to life; he hath giuen thee a Sauiour to giue this life vnto thee; faith, whereby thou mightest attaine to this Sauiour; his word, by which thou might'st attaine to this faith; what is there in this, not [...]is? And yet not so his [...]mply, as that it is without thee: without thy merit indeed, not without thine acte; Thou liuest [Page 104] here through his blessing, but by bread; thou shalt liue aboue through his mercy, but by thy faith belowe, apprehending the authour of thy life: And yet as he wil not saue thee without thy faith, so thou canst neuer haue faith without his gift; Looke vp to him therefore, O my soule, as the beginner & finisher of thy saluation; and while thou magnifiest the Author, be rauished with the glorie of the worke: which farre passeth both the tongue of [Page 105] Angels, and the heart of man: It can bee no good thing that is not there; Howe can they want water that haue the spring? where God is enioyed in whom only all things are good, what good can bee wanting? And what perfection of blisse is there where all goodnesse is mette and vnited? In thy presence is the fulnesse of ioye, and at thy right hand are pleasures for evermore: O blessed reflection of glorie! wee [...]e there, as wee are [Page 106] seene: In that wee are seene, it is our glorie; in that wee see, it is Gods glory; Therefore doth he glorifie vs, that our glory should bee to his. Howe worthy art thou, ô Lord, that through vs thou shouldest looke at thy selfe!
Chap. 21.
THE next place 4. The Consid. of the Fruits & Effects. place shalbe the Fruits & Effectes following vpon their seuerall [Page 107] causes: which also affoords very feeling and copious matter to our Meditation; wherein it shall be euer best, not so much to seeke for all, as to chuse out the chiefest.
No maruell then if from this glory proceede nonspeakeable ioy, and from this ioy the sweete songs of praise & thāksgiuing. The spirit bids vs, when wee are merrie, sing: How much more then, when wee are merrie without all mixture of sorrowe, beyond all [Page 108] measure of our earthly affections, shall wee sing ioyfull Hallelu-iahs, and Hosannahs to him that dwelleth in the highest heauens? Our hearts shal be so full that we cannot chuse but sing, and wee cannot but sing melodiously; There is no iarre in this Musicke, no end of this song. Oblessed chāge of the Saints; they doe nothing but weepe belowe, and now nothing but sing aboue; we sowed in teares, reape inioy; there was some comfort in those teares, when [Page 109] they were at worst; but there is no danger of cō plaint in this heauenly mirth; If we cannot sing here with the Angels, On earth peace, yet there wee shall sing with them, Glory to God on hie; and ioyning our voices to theirs, shall make vp that celestial consort, which none can either heare or beare part in, and not be happie.
Chap. 22.
AFter which 5. Consideratiō of the Subiect, wherin, or wherabout it is. comes to be considered the Subiect either wherein that is, or whereabout that is imployed, which wee meditate of: As,
And indeede, what lesse happinesse doth the very place promise, wherein this glory is exhibited? which is no other than the Paradise of God: Here belowe wee [Page 111] dwell, or rather we wander in a continued wildernesse; there wee shall rest vs in the true Eden; I am come into my gardē, my sister, my spouse. Kings vse not to dwell in Cottages of clay; but in Royal Courts sit for their estate: How much more shall the King of heauen, who hath prepared for men so faire mansions on earth, make himselfe an habitation sutable to his Maiestie: Euen earthly Princes haue dwelt in Cedar and Yuory: but the great Citie, Holy Ierusalem, [Page 112] the palace of the hiest hath her wall of Iasper, her building of gold, her foundation of precious stones, her gates of pearle: How glorious things are spoken of thee, O thou Citie of GOD! Wee see but the pauement, and yet how goodly it is! The beleeuing Centurion thought himselfe vnworthy that Christ should come vnder his roofe; yet then wert thou, O Sauiour, in thine humbled estate, in the forme of a seruant: How then stall I thinke [Page 113] my selfe worthy to come vnder this roof of thine, so shining and glorious? O if this clay of mine may come to this honour aboue, let it bee trampled vpon and despised on earth.
Chap. 23.
SIxtly, shall 6. Consid▪ of the Appendances, and Qualities of it. followe the Appēdances, and Qualities, which cleaue vnto the Subiect, wherof we meditate: As,
But were the place lesse [Page 114] noble and maiesticall, yet the company which it affords, hath enough to make the soule blessed: For not the place giues ornament to the guest, so much as the guest to the place. How loath are we to leaue this earth, onely for the societie of some few friends in whom we delight? which yet are subiect euery day to mutuall dislikes: what pleasure shall wee then take in the enioying of the Saints? when there is nothing in them not amiable, nothing in vs that [Page 115] may coole the feruor of our loue. There shalt thou my soule, thy selfe glorified, meete with thy deare Parēts and friends alike glorious, neuer to be seuered: There shalt thou see and conuerse with those ancient worthies of the former worlde; the blessed Patriarkes and Prophets, with the crowned Martyrs and Cōfessors; with the holy Apostles, and the Fathers of that Primitiue, and this present Church, shining each one according to the measure [Page 116] of his blessed labours. There shalt thou liue familiarly in sight of those Angels, whom now thou receiuest good from, but seest not. There (which is the head of all thy felicitie) thine eyes shall see him whom now thine heart longeth for (that Sauiour of thine) in the onely hope of whom now thou liuest. Alas how dimmely, and a farre off doest thou now beholde him? howe imperfectly doest thou enioy him? while euery tēptation bereaues thee, for the time, [Page 117] of his presence. I sought him whom my soule loueth: I sought him, but I found him not; his backe is now towards thee many times throgh thy sins, and therfore thou hardly discernest him: Otherwhile and ofter thy back is turned to him through negligence, that when thou mightest obscurelie see him, thou doest not: Now thou shalt see him, and thine eyes thus fixed shall not be remooued. Yet neither could this glory make vs happy, if being thus absolute, [Page 118] it were not perpetuall. To be happie, is not so sweete a state, as it is miserable to haue beene happie. Least ought therfore should bee wanting beholde, this felicitie knoweth no end, feareth no intermission, and is as eternall for the continuance, as hee that had no beginning. O blessednes, truly infinite! Our earthly ioyes doe scarce euer begin; but when they begin, their ende borders vpon their beginning. One houre sees vs oft-times ioyful and miserable: [Page 119] Here alone is nothing but eternitie. If then the diuine Prophet thought one day in Gods earthly house, better than a thousand other-where; what shall I compare to thousands of millions of yeeres in Gods heauenly Temple? Yea, millions of yeeres are not so much as a minute to eternitie, and that other house not a cottage to this.
Chap. 24.
SEuenthly, our 7. Of that which is Diuers frō it, or Contrary to it. thoughts leauing a while the consideratiō of the thing as it is in it selfe, shal descēd vnto it as respectiuely with others; and therefore first shall meditate of that which is Diuers from it, or Cō trary vnto it.
What doest thou here then, O my soule? What doest thou here groueling [Page 121] vpon earth? where the best things are vanity; the rest no better than vexation. Looke round about thee, and see whether thine eyes can meet with any thing but either sinnes or miseries. Those few and short pleasures thou scest, end euer sorrowfully; and in the mean time are intermingled with many grieuances. Here thou hearest one crie out of a sicke bodie, whereof ther is no part which affords not choice of diseases; This man layes his hande vpon [Page 122] his consuming lungs, and complayneth of shorte winde; that other, vpon his rising spleene, a third shaketh his painefull head; another roares out for the torment of his reines or bladder; another for the racking of his goutie ioyntes; one is distempered with a watery dropsie, another with a windy Colicke, a third with a fiery ague, a fourth with an earthen Melancholie; one grouels and fometh with the falling sicknes, another lies bed ridde [Page 123] halfe senselesse with a dead Palsey: Ther are but few bodies that complaine not of some disease; and that thou mayst not looke farre, it is a wonder if thy self feele not alwayes one of these euils within thee. There, thou hearest another lament his losses: either his estate is impayred by suretyship, or stealth, or shipwracke, or oppression; or his childe is vnruly, or miscarried; or his wife dead or disloyall; Another tormēted with passions; Each one is [Page 124] some way miserable: But that which is yet more irkesome; thy one eare is beatē with cursings and blasphemies; thy other with scornefull, or wanton, or murdering speaches; thine eyes see nothing but pride filthines, profanenesse, blood, excesse; and whatsoeuer else might vexe a righteous soule: and if all the world besides were innocent, thou findest enough within thy selfe, to make thy selfe weary, and thy life loathsom: Thou needest not fetch cause of [Page 125] complaint from others; thy corruptiōs yeeld thee too much at home; euer sinning, euer presuming; Sinning euen when thou hast repented, yea, euen while thou repentest, sinning. Goe to nowe, my soule, and solace thy selfe here belowe, and suffer thy selfe besotted with these goodly cōtentmēts; worthy of no better while thou fixest thy selfe on these: see if thou cāst find any of these aboue; and if thou canst meete with any distemper, any losse, any sinne, any complaint, [Page 126] frō thy selfe or any other aboue, despise thine heauen as much as now thou louest the earth. Or if all this cannot enough commend vnto thee the state of heauenly glory, cast down thine eyes yet lower, into that deep & bottomles pit, ful of horror, full of torment, where there is nothing but flames, and teares, and shrikes, and gnashing of teeth; nothing but fiends and tortures: where there is palpable darkenesse, and yet perpetuall fire; where the damned [Page 127] are euer boyling, neuer consumed; euer dying, neuer dead; euer complaining, neuer pitied; where the Glutton, that once would not giue a crust of bread, now begs for one drop of water; and yet alas, if whole riuers of water should fall into his mouth, howe should they quench those riuers of brimstone that feede this flame? where there is no intermission of complaints, no breathing from paine, and after millions of yeeres, no possibility of comfort: [Page 128] And if the rod wherewith thou chastisest thy children, O Lord, euen in this life be so smart and galling, that they haue been brought downe to the brim of despaire; and in the bitternesse of their soule haue intreated death to release them: What shal I think of their plagues in whose righteous confusion thou insultest; and sayest, Aha, I wil auenge me of mine enemies? Euen that thou shalt not bee thus miserable, O my soule, is some kind of happines; [Page 129] but that thou shalt bee as happie, as the reprobate are miserable, how worthy is it of more estimation, than thy selfe is capable of?
Chap. 25.
AFterthis oppositiō 8. Of cō parisons and similitudes whereby it may bee most fitly set forth. the mind shall make cō parison of the matter meditated with what may neerest resemble it; and shall illustrate it with fittest similitudes, which giue no small [Page 130] light to the vnderstanding nor lesse force to the affection.
Wonder then, O my soule, as much as thou canst, at this glory; and in comparison thereof, contemne this earth, which now thou treadest vpon; whose ioyes, if they were perfect, are but short; and if they were long, are imperfect: One day when thou art aboue, looking downe from the height of thy glory, and seeing the sons of men creeping like so many Ants on this molehill [Page 131] of earth, thou shalt thinke: Alas how basely I once liued! was yonder silly dungeon the place I so loued, and was so loath to leaue! Thinke so now before-hand; and since of heauē thou canst not, yet account of the earth, as it is worthy: How hartlesse and irkesome are yee, O yee best earthly pleasures, if ye be matched with the least of those aboue? Howe vile are you, O ye sumptuous buildings of kings, euen if all the entrailes of the earth had agreed [Page 132] to enrich you, in compason of this frame not made with hands? It is not so hie aboue the earth in distance of place, as in worth and maiestie: we may see the face of heauen from the heart of the earth; but from the neerest part of the earth who can see the least glory of heauen? The three disciples on mount Tabor, sawe but a glimpse of this glory shining vpon the face of their Sauiour; and yet being rauished with the sight, cryed out, Master, It is good [Page 133] being here; and thinking of building of three Tabernacles, for Christ, Moses, Elias, could haue been content themselues to haue lien without shelter, so they might alwaies haue enioyed that sight: Alas, how could earthly Tabernacles haue fitted those heuēly bodies? They knewe what they sawe, what they said they knew not: Lo these 3. disciples were not trāsfigured; yet how deeply they were affected, euē with the glory of others? how happy shal wee be, when our selues [Page 134] shal be changed into glorious? and shall haue Tabernacles not of our own making, but prepared for vs by God? and yet not Tabernacles, but eternal mansions. Moses sawe God but a while, and shined; How shal we shine that shal behold his face for euer? What greater honour is there than in Souereignty? what greater pleasure than in feasting? This life is both a kingdome and a feast. A kingdome: He that ouercomes, shall rule the nations, and shall sit [Page 135] with me in my Throne: O blessed promotion, Oh large dominion, and royall seate! to which Salomons throne of yuory was not worthy to become a footestoole. A feast; Blessed are they that are called to the Marriage supper of the Lambe: Feastes haue more than necessitie of prouision, more than ordinary diet; but marriage-feasts yet more than common abundance; But the marriage-feast of the Sonne of God to his blessed spouse the Church, [Page 136] must so farre exceed in all heauenly munificence and varietie, as the persons are of greater State and Maiestie: There is new wine, pure Manna, and all manner of spirituall dainties; and with the continuall cheare, a sweete and aunswerable welcome; while the bridegrome louingly cheares vs vp, Eate, O Friends, drinke & make you merrie, O welbeloued: yea, There shalt thou be my soule not a guest, but (how vnworthy soeuer) the Bride her selfe; [Page 137] whom hee hath euerlastingly espoused to himselfe in truth and righteousnesse; The contract is passed here belowe, the mariage is cōsummate aboue, and solēnized with a perpetual feast: So that now thou mayest safely say, My welbeloued is mine, and I am his: Wherefore hearken, O my soule, and consider, and incline thine eare, forget also thine owne people, and thy fathers house, (thy supposed home of this world) so shall the King [Page 138] haue pleasure in thy beauty; for hee is thy Lord, and worship thou him.
Chap. 26.
THE verie Names, and 9. The Titles and Names of the thing cōsidered. Titles of the matter cō sidered, yeeld no small store to our Meditation which, being commonly so imposed that they secretly comprehend the nature of the thing which they represent, [Page 139] are not vnworthy of our discourse.
What neede I seeke these resemblances, whē the very name of life implieth sweetnesse to men on earth; euen to them which confesse to liue with some discontentment? Surely the light is a pleasant thing, and it is good to the eyes to see the Sunne: yet when Temporall is added to Life, I know not how this additiō detracteth somthing, and doth greatly abate the pleasure of life; for those which ioy [Page 140] to thinke of Life grieue to thinke it but Temporall: So vexing is the ende of that whose continuance was delightfull; But nowe when there is an addition, aboue Time, of Eternitie, it makes life so much more sweete, as it is more lasting; and lasting infinitelie, what can it giue lesse than an infinite contentment? Oh dying and false life, which wee enioy here, and scarce a shadowe and counterfeit of that other: What is more [Page 141] esteemed than glory? which is so precious to men of spirit, that it makes them prodigall of their blood, proud of their wounds▪ carelesse of themselues: and yet alas, how pent and how fading is this glory, affected with such dangers and deaths? hardly after all Trophees and monuments, either knowen to the next sea, or suruiuing him that dyes for it: It is true glorie to triumph in heauen; where is neither enuie, nor forgetfulnesse.
[Page 142] What is more deare to vs than our Countrey? which the worthy and faithfull Patriotes of all times, haue respected aboue their parēts, their children, their liues; counting it onely happie to liue in it, and to die for it: The banisht man pines for the want of it; the trauailer digests all the tediousnesse of his way, all the sorrowes of an ill iourney, in the only hope of home; forgetting all his forraine miseries, when hee feeles his owne smoake. Where is our [Page 143] Countrey but aboue? Thence thou camest, O my soule; thither thou art going, in a short, but weary pilorimage: O miserable men, if wee account our selues at home in our pilgrimage, if in our iourney we long not for home! Doest thou see men so in loue with their natiue soyle, that euen when it is all deformed with the desolations of warre, and turned into rude heapes, or while it is euen now flaming with the fire of ciuill broiles, they couet yet stil [Page 144] to liue in it; preferring it to all other places of more peace and pleasure; and shalt thou seeing nothing but peace and blessednes at home, nothing but trouble abroad, content thy selfe with a faint wish of thy dissolution? If heauen were thy Iayle, thou couldest but thinke of it vncomfortably. Oh what affection can be worthy of such an home?
Chap. 27.
LAstly, if we 10. Cōsid. of fit testimonies of Scripture, concerning our Theme. can recall any pregnāt Testimonies of Scripture concerning our Theme, those shall fitly conclude this part of our Meditation: Of Scripture; for that in these matters of God, none but diuine authoritie can cōmand assent, and settle the conscience: Witnesses of holy men may serue [Page 146] for colours; but the ground must bee onely from God.
There it is (saith the spirit of God, which cannot deceiue thee) that all teares shall be wip't from our eyes; there shall bee no more death, nor sorrow, nor crying, neither shall there be any more paine: yea, there shall not onely be an end of sorrowes, but an abundant recompence for the sorrowes of our life; as hee that was rapt vp into the third heauen, and there saw what cannot [Page 147] hee spoken, speakes yet thus of what he saw: I count that the afflictions of this present time are not worthy of the glory which shall bee shewed to vs: It was shewed to him what should hereafter be shewed to vs; and hee sawe, that if all the world full of miseries were layed in one balance, and the least glory of heauen in another, those would bee incomparably light yea (as that diuine Father) that one dayes felicitie aboue, were worth [Page 148] a thousand yeeres torment belowe; what then can bee matched with the eternitie of such ioyes? Oh how great therefore is thy goodnes, O Lord, which thou hast layd vp for them that feare thee, and done to them that trust in thee, before the sonnes of men!
Chap. 28.
THE most Of our second part of Meditation: which is, in the affections. difficult and knotty part of Meditation thus finished, there remayneth that which is both more liuely, and more easie to a good heart; to bee wrought altogether by the affections; which if our discourses reach not vnto, they prooue vain, and to no purpose; [Page 150] That which followeth therefore, is the very soule of Meditation, whereto all that is past serueth but as an instrument. A man is a man by his vnderstanding part: but he is a Christian by his will and affections. Seeing therefore, that all our former labour of the braine, is only to affect the heart; after that the minde hath thus trauersed the Wherin is required a Taste and rellish of what we haue thought vpon. point proposed throgh all the heads of reason, it shall indeuour to find in the first place some [Page 151] feeling touch, & sweete rellish in that which it hath thus chewed; which fruit, through the blessing of God will voluntarily follow vpon a serious Meditation. Dauid sayes, Oh taste and see how sweete the Lord is: In Meditation wee doe both see and taste; but we see before we taste: sight is of the vnderstanding; taste, of the affection; Neither can we see, but we must [...]aste; we can not knowe [...]right, but wee must needes bee affected: [Page 152] Let the heart therefore first conceiue and feele in it self the Sweetnesse or bitternesse of the matter meditated; which is neuer done without some passion; nor expressed without some hearty exclamation.
Oh blessed estate of the Saints: O glorie not to bee expressed, euen by those which are glorified! O incomprchensible saluation! What sauour hath this earth to thee? Who can regarde the worlde that [Page 153] beleeueth thee? Who can thinke of thee, and not bee rauished with woonder and desire? Who can hope for thee, and not reioyce? Who can knowe thee, and not bee swallowed vp with admiration at the mercie of him that bestowes thee? O blessednesse worthy of Christs blood to purchase thee! worthie of the continuall songs of Saints and Angels to celebrate thee! Howe should I magnifie thee! Howe should I long for thee! [Page 154] how should I hate all this world for thee?
Chap. 29.
AFter this Secondly, a Cōplaint; bewailing our wants and vntowardnes. Taste shall followe a Complaint, wherin the heart bewayleth to it selfe his owne pouerty, dulnesse, and imperfection; chiding and abasing it selfe in respect of his wants and indisposition: wherein Humiliation [Page 155] truly goes before glory. For the more we are cast downe in our conceit, the higher shall GOD lift vs vp at the ende of this exercise, in spirituall reioicing.
But alas, where is my loue? where is my longing? where art thou, O my soule? what heauinesse hath ouertaken thee? Howe hath the worlde bewitched and possessed thee, that thou art become so carelesse of thine home, so senselesse of spiritual delights, [Page 156] so fond vpon these vanities? Doest thou doubt whether there bee an heauen? or whether thou haue a God, and a Sauiour there? O farre bee frō thee this Atheisme; farre bee from thee the least thought of such desperate impiety: Wo were thee if thou beleeuedst not: But O thou of little faith; doest thou beleeue there is happinesse, and happinesse for thee, and desirest it not, and delightest not in it? Alas, how weake and vnbeleeuing is thy beleefe? [Page 157] how cold and faint are thy desires? Tel me, what such goodly entertainemēt hast thou met withall here on earth, that was worthy to withdraw thee frō these heauenly ioyes? what pleasure in it euer gaue thee contentment? or what cause of dislike findest thou aboue? Oh no, my soule, it is onely thy miserable drowzinesse, only thy securitie: The world, the world hath besotted thee, hath vndone thee with carelesnesse. Alas if thy delight [Page 158] bee so colde, What difference is there in thee frō an ignorant Heathē, that doubts of another life; yea, frō an Epicure that denies it? Artthou a christian, or art thou none? If thou be what thou professest, away with this dul and senselesse worldlinesse; away with this earthly vnchearfulnesse; shake off at last this profane and godlesse securitie that hath thus long weighed thee downe frō mounting vp to thy ioies; Looke vp to thy GOD, and to thy crowne, and [Page 159] say with confidence, O Lord I haue wayted for thy saluation.
Chap. 30.
AFter this Cō plaint, Thirdly, an harty wish of the soule for what it cōplaineth to want. must succeede an harty & passionate Wish of the soule, which ariseth clearely from the two former degrees; For that which a man hath found sweete, and comfortable, & complaines that hee still wants; hee [Page 160] cannot but wish to enioy.
O Lord that I could waite and long for thy saluation; Oh that I could minde the things aboue; that as I am a stranger in deed, so I could be also in affectiō; Oh that mine eyes, like the eyes of thy first Martyr, could by the light of faith see but a glimpse of heauen; Oh that my heart could bee rapt vp thither in desire! How should I trample vpō these poore vanities of the earth? How willingly should I indure all [Page 161] sorrowes, all torments? how scornefully should I passe by all pleasures? how should I be in trauel of my dissolution? Oh when shall that blessed day come, when all this wretched worldlines remoued I shall solace my selfe, in my God; Behold, as the Hart brayeth for the riuers of water, so panteth my soule after thee, O GOD; My soule thirsteth for God, euen for the liuing God; Oh when shal I come and appeare before the presence of God?
Chap. 31.
AFter this Wishing, 4. An hū ble Confession of our disability to effect what we wish. shall follow hū ble Confession, by iust order of nature: For hauing bemoned our want, and wished supplie, not finding this hope in our selues, we must needes acknowledge it to him, of whom only we may both seek & find; wherin it is to bee duely obserued, [Page 163] how the mind is by turnes depressed and lifted vp: Being lifted vp with our Taste of ioy; it is cast downe with Complaint: lift vp with Wishes, it is cast downe with Confession; which order doeth best hold it in vre, and iust temper; and makes it more feeling of the cō fort which followes in the Conclusion. This Confession must derogate all from our selues, and ascribe all to God.
Thus I desire, O Lord, to bee right affected towards [Page 164] thee and thy glory; I desire to come to thee: but, alas, how weakly? how heartlesly? Thou knowest that I can neither come to thee, nor desire to come but from thee. It is Nature that holds me from thee; this treacherous Nature fauors it selfe, loues the world, hates to thinke of a dissolution, and chooses rather to dwell in this dungeon with continuall sorrow and complaint, than to endure a parting although to liberty and ioy: Alas, Lord, it is my [Page 165] misery that I loue my paine: How long shall these vanities thus besot me? It is thou onely that canst turne away mine eyes frō regarding these follies, and my heart from affecting them: Thou onely, who as thou shalt one day receiue my soule into heauen, so now before-hande canst fixe my soule vpon heauen and thee.
Chap. 32.
AFter Confession 5. An earnest Petitiō for that which wee confesse to want. naturally followes Petition, earnestly requesting that at his handes, which we acknowledge our selues vnable, and none but GOD able to performe.
Oh carie it vp therefore, thou that hast created, and redeemed it, carie it vp to thy glorie: Oh let mee not alwayes [Page 167] bee thus dull and brutish; Let not these scales of earthly affection alwayes dimme and blind mine eyes: Oh thou that layedst clay vpon the blind mans eyes, take away this clay from mine eyes, wherewith alas they are so dawbed vp, that they cannot see heauen: Illuminate thē from aboue, and in thy light let me see light. Oh thou that hast prepared a place for my soule; prepare my soule for that place; prepare it with holinesse, prepare it with [Page 168] desire: and euen while it soiourneth on earth, let it dwell in heauen with thee, beholding euer the beauty of thy face, the glory of thy Saints and of it selfe.
Chap. 33.
AFter Petition, shall followe 6. A vehement enforcement of our Petiuon. the Enforcemēt of our request from argument and importunate obsecration; wherin we must take heede of complementing in [Page 169] tearmes with God; as knowing that hee will not be mocked by any fashionable forme of sute, but requires holy and feeling intreatie.
How graciously hast thou proclaimed to the worlde, that who-euer wants wisedom shal aske it of thee, which neither deniest nor vpbraidest: O Lord, I want heauenly wisedome, to conceiue aright of heauen; I want it and aske it of thee; giue me to aske it instantly, and giue me according to thy promise abundantly. [Page 168] [...] [Page 169] [...] [Page 170] Thou seest it is no strange fauour that I begge of thee; no other than that which thou hast richly bestowed vpon all thy valiant Martyrs, Confessors, seruants from the beginning: who neuer could haue so chearfully imbraced death and torment, if through the middest of their flames and paine they had not seene their crowne of glorie. The poore theefe of the Crosse had no sooner craued thy remembrance when thou camest to thy kingdome [Page 171] than thou promisedst to to take him with thee into heauen: Presence was better to him than remembrance. Behold, now thou art in thy kingdome, I am on earth: remember thine vnworthy seruant, and let my soule in conceit, in affection, in conuersation be this day & for euer with thee in Paradise. I see, man walketh in a vaine shadow, and disquieteth himself in vain; they are pitifull pleasures hee enioyeth, while he forgets thee; I am as vaine, [Page 170] [...] [Page 171] [...] [Page 172] make me more wise: Oh let mee see heauen, and I knowe I shall neuer ennie, nor followe them: My times are in thine hande: I am no better than my fathers, a stranger on earth; As I speake of them, so the next; yea, this generation shall speake of mee as one that was; My life is a bubble, a smoake, a shadowe, a thought: I knowe it is no abiding in this thorow-fare: Oh suffer me not so madde, as while I passe on the waye, I [Page 173] should forgette the ende; It is that other life that I must trust to. With thee it is that I shall continue; Oh let mee not bee so foolish as to settle my selfe on what I must leaue, and to neglect eternitie; I haue seene enough of this earthe, and yet I loue it too much; Oh let mee see heauen another while, and loue it so much more than the earth, by howe much the things there are more [Page 174] worthy to be loued; Oh God, looke downe on thy wretched Pilgrim; and teach mee to looke vp to thee, and to see thy goodnesse in the land of the liuing. Thou that boughtest heauen for me, guide mee thither; and for the price that it cost thee, for thy loue and mercies sake, in spight of all tentations, enlighten thou my soule, direct it, crowne it.
Chap. 34.
AFter this Enforcement, 7. A chearfull Confidence of obtaining what wee haue requested & enforced. doeth followe Confidence; wherin the soule after many doubtfull and vnquiet bickerings, gathers vp her forces, and cheerefully rouzeth vp it selfe; and like one of Dauids Worthies, breaks through a whole armie of doubts, and fetches comfort from [Page 176] the Well of life; which, though in some later, yet in all is a sure reward from GOD of sincere Meditation.
Yea, bee thou bolde, O my soule, and doe not meerely craue, but challenge this fauour of God, as that which hee owes thee: Hee owes it thee because hee hath promised it, and by his mercie hath made his gift, his debt; Faithfull is hee that hath promised▪ which will also doe it▪ Hath hee not giuen thee not onely his hand in the [Page 177] sweete hopes of the Gospell, but his seale also in the Sacraments? Yea, besides promise, hand, seale; hath hee not giuen thee a sure earnest of thy saluation, in some weake, but true graces? Yet more: hath hee not giuen thee besides Earnest, possession? while he that is the Trueth and Life, saith, Hee that beleeueth hath euerlasting life, and hath passed from death to life: Canst thou not then bee content to cast thy selfe vpon this blessed issue; [Page 178] If God be faithfull, I am glorious; I haue thee already, O my life; God is faithfull, and I doe beleeue: who shall separate mee from the loue of Christ? from my glorie with Christ, who shall pull mee out of my heauen? Goe to then, and returne to thy rest, O my soule; make vse of that heauen wherin thou art, and be happie.
Thus we haue found, that our Meditatiō like the winde, gathers strengthin proceeding; [Page 179] and as naturall bodies, the neerer they come to their places, moue with more celerity, so doeth the soule in this course of meditation, to the vnspeakeable benefite of it selfe.
Chap. 35.
THe Conclusion The Conclus. of our Meditation, in what order it must be. remaineth; wherin we must aduise (like as Physicians doe in their sweats [Page 180] and exercise) that wee cease not ouer-suddenly; but leaue off by little and little. The mind may not bee suffered to fall headlong from this height, but must also descend by degrees.
The first whereof, After our Confidence, shall be an hearty Gratulation, First, with Thankesgiuing. and thankesgiuing. For, as man naturally cannot bee miserable, but he must complaine, and craue remedie; so the good heart cannot finde it selfe happie, and not be [Page 181] thankefull: and this thankefulnesse which it feeles and expresses, makes it yet more good, and affects it more.
What shall I then doe to thee for this mercie, Othou Sauiour of men? What should I render to my Lord, for all his benefites? Alas, what can I giue thee which is not thine owne before? Oh that I could giue thee but all thine! Thou giuest mee to drinke of this cuppe of saluation; I will therefore take the cuppe [Page 182] of saluation, and call vpon the name of the Lord: Praise thou the Lorde, o my soule; and all that is within mee, praise his holy name: And since here thou beginnest thine heauen, begin here also that ioyfull song of thankes-giuing, which there thou shalt sing more sweetly, and neuer ende.
Chap. 36.
AFter this Secondly, with Recommendation of our soules and wayes to God. Thankesgiuing, shall followe a faithful recommendation of our selues to God; wherein the soule doth chearfully giue vp it selfe, and repose it selfe wholly vpon her Maker, and Redeemer; committing her selfe to him in all her wayes, submitting [Page 184] her selfe to him in all his wayes, resoluing in all things to glorifie him; and to walke worthy of her high & glorious calling.
Both which later shal bee done (as I haue euer found) with much life and comfort, if for the full conclusion, wee shall lift vp our heart and voyce to God, in singing some Versicle of Dauids diuine Psalmes, answerable to our disposition, and matter; whereby the heart closes vp it selfe with [Page 185] much sweetenesse and contentment.
This course of Meditation thus heartily obserued, let him that practises it, tell we whether he find not that his soule, which at the beginning of this exercise did but creepe and grouell vpon earth, doe not now in the Conclusion soare aloft in heauen; & being before aloofe off, doe not now find it selfe neere to God, yea with him, and in him.
Chap. 37.
THus haue I endeuoured, An Epilogue. (right Worshipfull Sir) according to my slender faculty, to prescribe a Methode of Meditation: Not vpon so strict tearmes of Necessitie, that whosoeuer goeth not my way, erreth. Diuers paths leade ofttimes to the same end; and euery man aboundeth [Page 187] in his owne sense: If experience and custome hath made another forme familiar to any man, I forbid it not; as that learned Father sayde of his Tralation, Let him vse his owne, not contemne mine. If any man bee to chuse, and beginne, let him practise mine, till he meete with a better Master: If an other course may be better, I am sure this is good. Neither is it to Reproouing the neglect, be suffered, that like as fantasticall men, while they doubt what fashion'd [Page 188] sute they should we are, put on nothing; so, that wee Christians shuld neglect the matter of this worthy businesse, while we nicely stand vpon the forme thereof. Wherein giue mee leaue to complain with iust sorrowe and shame, that if there bee any Christian duetie, whose omission is notoriously shameful, and preiudicial to the soules of professors, it is this of Meditation: This is the very end God hath giuen vs our soules▪ we [Page 189] misse-spend them, if we vse them not thus. How lamentable is it, that wee so imploy them, as if our facultie of discourse serued for nothing, but our earthly prouision? as if our reasonable and Christian mindes were appointed for the slaues and drudges of this bodie; onely to bee the Caters and Cookes of our appetite.
The worlde filles vs, yea, cloyes vs: we finde our selues worke enough to thinke; What [Page 190] haue I yet? Howe may I gette more? What must I lay out? What shall I leaue for posterity? How may I preuent the wrong of mine aduersarie, how may I returne it? What answeres shall I make to such allegations? What entertainement shall I giue to such friends? What courses shall I take in such suits? In what pastimes shall I spend this day, in what the next? What aduantage shall I reape by this practise; what losse? What was sayd, answered, [Page 191] replied, done, followed?
Goodly thoughts, and fitte for Spirituall mindes! Say, there were no other worlde; how could wee spend our cares otherwise? Vnto this only neglect, let mee ascribe the commonnesse of that Laodicean temper of men, or (if that bee worse) of the dead coldnesse which hath striken the hearts of many, hauing left them nothing but the bodies of men, and visors of Christians; to [Page 192] this onely, They haue not meditated. It is not more impossible to liue Exhorting to the vse of Meditation. without an heart, than to bee deuout without Meditation: Woulde GOD therefore my words could be in this (as the wise man sayes the wordes of the wise are) like vnto Goades in the sides of euery Reader, to quicken him vp out of this dull and lazy security, to a chearfull practise of this Diuine Meditatiō. Let him curse mee vpon his death-bed, if looking [Page 193] backe from thence to the bestowing of his former times, hee acknowledge not these houres placed the most happily in his whole life? if he then wish not he had worne out more daies, in so profitable and heauenly a worke.
DEO SOLI GLORIA.